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GaryGreenberg_2012X-_纳米世界的醉人之处_
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| So I want to talk a little bit about seeing the world from a totally unique point of view , and this world I'm going to talk about is the micro world. |
我要讲的是如何 从一个全新的角度去看世界 我要说的是微观世界 |
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unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; point of view:观点;见地;立场; micro:adj.极小的;基本的;微小的;n.<口>微型计算机;微处理器;
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| I've found, after doing this for many, many years, that there's a magical world behind reality. |
在从事这项工作多年以后,我发现 现实的背后藏着一个魔幻的世界 |
| And that can be seen directly through a microscope , and I'm going to show you some of this today. |
我们可以透过显微镜直接观察它 今天我要跟你们分享其中一部分 |
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directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; microscope:n.显微镜;
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| So let's start off looking at something rather not-so-small, something that we can see with our naked eye, and that's a bee. So when you look at this bee, it's about this size here, it's about a centimeter. |
我们先从那些还不算太小的 肉眼就能观察到的东西开始吧 这是一只蜜蜂 你看它 大概是这样的大小 大约一厘米 |
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naked:adj.裸体的;无装饰的;无证据的;直率的;
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| But to really see the details of the bee, and really appreciate what it is, you have to look a little bit closer. |
但是如果真的要看清楚细节 真正地 欣赏它 你就更近距离地观察 |
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appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解;
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| So that's just the eye of the bee with a microscope, and now all of a sudden you can see that the bee has thousands of individual eyes called ommatidia, and they actually have sensory hairs in their eyes |
这是在显微镜下蜜蜂的眼部 忽然间你能看到蜜蜂的眼睛 其实是由上千只小眼所构成 叫做复眼 眼睛当中其实还有具传感作用的短毛 |
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all of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; sensory:adj.感觉的;知觉的;传递感觉的;
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| so they know when they're right up close to something, because they can't see in stereo . |
这样如果马上要碰到什么东西的时候能立刻察觉 因为蜜蜂是看不到立体影像的 |
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stereo:n.立体声;立体声音响;adj.立体(声)的;
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| As we go smaller, here is a human hair. |
当我们观察得更细微时,这是人类的头发 |
| A human hair is about the smallest thing that the eye can see. |
头发大概是肉眼能看到的最小的东西了 |
| It's about a tenth of a millimeter . |
大约是十分之一毫米 |
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millimeter:n.毫米;
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| And as we go smaller again, about ten times smaller than that, is a cell. |
让我们再缩小一点 再小十倍的话,是细胞的大小 |
| So you could fit 10 human cells across the diameter of a human hair. |
十个人体细胞 刚好能排满一根头发直径的长度 |
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diameter:n.直径;对径;放大率;放大倍数;
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| So when we would look at cells, this is how I really got involved in biology and science is by looking at living cells in the microscope. |
所以说我们观察细胞的时候 这是我参与 生物学和科学研究的方式 我用显微镜来观察活细胞 |
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involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
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| When I first saw living cells in a microscope, I was absolutely enthralled and amazed at what they looked like. |
当我第一次从显微镜下看到活细胞时, 我完全被它们的样子迷住了 |
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absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; enthralled:adj.被迷住的;v.迷住;奴役;吸引住;(enthral的过去分词)
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| So if you look at the cell like that from the immune system , they're actually moving all over the place. |
如果你看到免疫系统的细胞 它们其实活跃于各处 |
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immune system:n.免疫系统;
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| This cell is looking for foreign objects, bacteria , things that it can find. |
这个细胞在寻找异物 细菌等能找到的东西 |
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bacteria:n.[微]细菌;
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| And it's looking around, and when it finds something, and recognizes it being foreign, it will actually engulf it and eat it. |
在此过程中,一旦有了目标 并确认是异物 就会把它吞噬掉 |
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recognizes:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的第三人称单数) engulf:vt.吞没;吞食,狼吞虎咽;
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| So if you look right there, it finds that little bacterium , and it engulfs it and eats it. |
你看,就在那里, 它找到了一个小细菌 于是就把它包围起来吃掉了 |
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bacterium:n.[微]细菌;杆菌属; engulfs:vt.吞没;吞食,狼吞虎咽;
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| If you take some heart cells from an animal, and put it in a dish, they'll just sit there and beat. |
如果从动物身上取部分心脏细胞 再放到培养皿里,它们就会在那里不住地跳动 |
| That's their job. Every cell has a mission in life, and these cells, the mission is to move blood around our body. |
因为这是职责所在 每个生命体内的细胞都有其使命 这些细胞 它们的任务是 把血液运送到身体各处 |
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mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
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| These next cells are nerve cells, and right now, as we see and understand what we're looking at, our brains and our nerve cells are actually doing this |
这些是神经细胞 此刻 当我们边看边学的时候 我们的脑细胞和神经细胞其实也在做一样的事情 |
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nerve:n.神经;勇气;神经质;神经紧张;v.鼓足勇气;振作精神;
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| right now. They're not just static . They're moving around making new connections, and that's what happens when we learn. |
它们不是静止的 它们在活动 建立新的联系 这是学习的过程 |
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static:adj.静止的; n.[物]静电(干扰);
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| As you go farther down this scale here, that's a micron , or a micrometer , and we go all the way down to here to a nanometer and an angstrom . Now, an angstrom is the size of the diameter of a hydrogen atom. |
当我们把测量范围进一步缩小 就是一微米 接下来 到纳米 和埃（一亿分之一厘米） 埃的大小恰好是一个氢原子的直径的长度 |
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scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; micron:n.微米(等于百万分之一米); micrometer:n.千分尺,测微计; nanometer:n.[计量]毫微米(即十亿分之一米); angstrom:n.埃(光谱线波长单位);
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| That's how small that is. |
这就是小的程度 |
| And microscopes that we have today can actually see individual atoms . So these are some pictures of individual atoms . Each bump here is an individual atom. |
如今的显微镜能让人们 看到独立的原子 这些是它们的 照片 每一个凸起都是一个单独的原子 |
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microscopes:n.[光]显微镜(microscope的复数); atoms:n.[物]原子(atom的复数); bump:n.肿块,隆起物;撞击;v.碰撞,撞击;颠簸而行;adv.突然地,猛烈地;
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| This is a ring of cobalt atoms. |
这是一圈钴原子 |
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cobalt:n.[化学]钴;钴类颜料;由钴制的深蓝色;
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| So this whole world, the nano world, this area in here is called the nano world, and the nano world, the whole micro world that we see, there's a nano world that is wrapped up within that, and the whole -- and that is the world of molecules and atoms. |
这一切,这个纳米世界, 以上 被称为纳米世界 在整个看得见的微观世界里面 还藏着这样一个纳米世界 这是分子和原子的世界 |
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wrapped:adj.极高兴的;十分满意的;v.用…包裹;用…缠绕;(wrap的过去分词和过去式) molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数);
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| But I want to talk about this larger world, the world of the micro world. |
但是我要讲的是相对较大的那个 即微观世界 |
| So if you were a little tiny bug living in a flower, what would that flower look like, if the flower was this big? |
假设你是住在花朵里的一只小昆虫 那朵花看起来是什么样子的呢,如果它有这么大的话 |
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bug:n.臭虫,小虫;故障;窃听器;v.烦扰,打扰;装窃听器;
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| It wouldn't look or feel like anything that we see when we look at a flower. So if you look at this flower here, and you're a little bug, if you're on that surface of that flower, that's what the terrain would look like. |
看上去和感觉上跟人类 观察到的角度肯定是不一样的 所以如果你从这里看这朵花 而你又是一只虫子 就在花里头 这个就是它看上去的样子 |
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terrain:n.[地理]地形,地势;领域;地带;
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| The petal of that flower looks like that, so the ant is kind of crawling over these objects, and if you look a little bit closer at this stigma and the stamen here, this is the style of that flower, and you notice |
花瓣是这样的 而小蚂蚁 就在这些东西上面爬行 如果再靠近一点的话 在柱头和雄蕊这里 这是花柱 注意看 |
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petal:n.花瓣; crawling:v.爬行;匍匐行进;(crawl的现在分词) stigma:n.[植]柱头;耻辱;污名;烙印;特征; stamen:n.[植]雄蕊;
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| that it's got these little -- these are like little jelly-like things that are what are called spurs . These are nectar spurs . |
上面有这些细小 像喈哩状的东西 我们称为花距 这是蜜距 |
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spurs:n.马刺(spur的复数); nectar:n.[植]花蜜;甘露;神酒;任何美味的饮料;
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| So this little ant that's crawling here, it's like it's in a little Willy Wonka land. |
换而言之 对小蚂蚁而言 就像 置身于威力旺卡(Willy Wonka)的奇妙世界当中一样 |
| It's like a little Disneyland for them. It's not like what we see. |
有如身处迪士尼乐园 跟我们看到的不一样 |
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Disneyland:迪士尼乐园
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| These are little bits of individual grain of pollen there and there, and here is a -- what you see as one little yellow dot of pollen, when you look in a microscope, it's actually made of thousands of little grains of pollen. |
这是颗粒花粉的样子 在那里 还有那里 这个呢 是你看到的那些呈黄点状的花粉 透过显微镜 它其实是由 上千个细小的花粉粒所组成 |
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pollen:v.传授花粉给;n.[植]花粉;
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| So this, for example, when you see bees flying around these little plants, and they're collecting pollen, those pollen grains that they're collecting, they pack into their legs and they take it back to the hive, and that's what makes the beehive , |
举例来说 当你看到蜜蜂环绕着 这些小株植物飞行 并采集花粉时 它们搜集花粉粒 把它们藏在腿上 再带回巢中 是建筑蜂巢的原料 |
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beehive:n.蜂窝;蜂箱;
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| the wax in the beehive. And they're also collecting nectar, and that's what makes the honey that we eat. |
就是蜂蜡 同时它们也搜集花蜜 也就是酿造我们吃的蜂蜜的材料 |
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wax:n.蜡; v.给…打蜡; adj.蜡制的;
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| Here's a close-up picture, or this is actually a regular picture of a water hyacinth , and if you had really, really good vision , with your naked eye, you'd see it about that well. |
这是一幅特写,就是平常的 凤眼蓝的图片,假如你有很好的视力 肉眼就能看得同样清楚了 |
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close-up:n.[电影]特写镜头,特写;小传; water hyacinth:[植]水葫芦;凤眼兰;凤眼蓝; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
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| There's the stamen and the pistil . But look what the stamen and the pistil look like in a microscope. That's the stamen. |
这是雄蕊和雌蕊 再来看 显微镜下它们的样子 这是雄蕊 |
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pistil:n.[植]雌蕊;
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| So that's thousands of little grains of pollen there, and there's the pistil there, and these are the little things called trichomes. And that's what makes the flower give a fragrance, and plants actually communicate with one another through their fragrances . |
这是上千个花粉微粒 这是雌蕊 这些小东西 称为毛状物 是花朵用来散发香味用的 植物之间的沟通 用的就是它们的香气 |
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fragrances:n.芳香剂,香水(fragrance复数);
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| I want to talk about something really ordinary, just ordinary sand. |
我想讲一些真的很常见的事物 平常的沙粒 |
| I became interested in sand about 10 years ago, when I first saw sand from Maui, and in fact, this is a little bit of sand from Maui. |
大约十年前起我开始对沙产生了兴趣 当我初次见到来自毛伊岛(Maui)的沙的时候 这就是毛伊岛的沙 |
| So sand is about a tenth of a millimeter in size. |
一粒沙差不多是十分一毫米 |
| Each sand grain is about a tenth of a millimeter in size. |
每一粒都大概是这个大小 |
| But when you look closer at this, look at what's there. |
但当你靠近细看时,看看观察的结果 |
| It's really quite amazing. You have microshells there. |
是很迷人的 你看到的是微小的贝壳 |
| You have things like coral . |
有像珊瑚一样的东西 |
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coral:n.珊瑚;珊瑚虫;adj.珊瑚的;珊瑚色的;
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| You have fragments of other shells . You have olivine . |
还有其他贝类的碎片 有橄榄石 |
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fragments:n.碎片(fragment的复数);片断;[计]分段;v.破碎(fragment的三单形式);打碎; shells:n.壳;壳状物;炮弹;v.炮击;给…去壳(shell的第三人称单数和复数) olivine:n.[矿物]橄榄石;黄绿;
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| You have bits of a volcano . There's a little bit of a volcano there. You have tube worms. |
火山碎片 那里有一点点 是火山碎片 还有管栖蠕虫 |
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volcano:n.火山; a little bit of a:一点点了;
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| An amazing array of incredible things exist in sand. |
沙里面藏着许多引人入胜的东西 |
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array:n.数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服;v.排列,部署;打扮; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
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| And the reason that is, is because in a place like this island, a lot of the sand is made of biological material because the reefs provide a place where all these microscopic animals or macroscopic animals grow, and when they die, their shells and their teeth |
之所以有这样的结果,是因为这个岛上 大部分的沙都是由生物材料构成的 因为礁石是许多 极小生物生长的地方 当它们死去后他们的壳和牙齿 |
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biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; reefs:n.礁石(reef的复数形式); v.收帆; microscopic:adj.微观的;用显微镜可见的; macroscopic:adj.宏观的;肉眼可见的;
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| and their bones break up and they make grains of sand, things like coral and so forth. |
还有骨头会分解形成沙粒 像是珊瑚等 |
| So here's, for example, a picture of sand from Maui. |
比方说 这就是一幅毛伊岛上沙的图片 |
| This is from Lahaina, and when we're walking along a beach, we're actually walking along millions of years of biological and geological history. |
这是来自于拉海纳(Lhaina) 我们沿着沙滩走的时候其实 也正在浏览历经百万年的生物学和地理学历史 |
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geological:adj.地质的,地质学的;
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| We don't realize it, but it's actually a record of that entire ecology. |
我们或者没有意识到这点,但它确实 是生态系统的完整纪录 |
| So here we see, for example, a sponge spicule, two bits of coral here, that's a sea urchin spine . Really some amazing stuff . |
请看 这是一个海绵骨针 两个珊瑚碎片 一根海胆刺 真的是很吸引人的 |
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sponge:v.抹掉;用海绵擦拭;讨得;n.海绵;海绵状物; sea urchin:[无脊椎]海胆; spine:n.脊柱,脊椎;刺;书脊; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
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| So when I first looked at this, I was -- I thought, gee, this is like a little treasure trove here. |
所以我第一次看的时候我想的是 这简直是一个宝库啊 |
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treasure trove:n.无主财宝;宝藏;
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| I couldn't believe it, and I'd go around dissecting the little bits out and making photographs of them. |
实在让人难以置信 我到处寻找 分析这些细小的片断 再为它们拍照 |
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dissecting:adj.解剖的;v.解剖;仔细检查(dissect的ing形式);
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| Here's what most of the sand in our world looks like. |
世界上大部分的沙看起来是这个样子的 |
| These are quartz crystals and feldspar , so most sand in the world on the mainland is made of quartz crystal and feldspar. It's the erosion of granite rock. |
这些是石英晶体和长石 也就是说地球大陆上大多数的沙 都是石英晶体和长石构成的 是花岗岩被侵蚀后的产物 |
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quartz:n.石英; crystals:n.[晶体]晶体(crystal的复数形式);石英晶体; feldspar:n.[矿物]长石;
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| So mountains are built up, and they erode away by water and rain and ice and so forth, and they become grains of sand. |
山脉形成后经历流水 和冰霜雨雪等的洗礼 最后就成了沙子 |
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erode:vt.腐蚀,侵蚀;vi.侵蚀;受腐蚀;
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| There's some sand that's really much more colorful. |
有一些沙的色彩特别丰富 |
| These are sand from near the Great Lakes, and you can see that it's filled with minerals like pink garnet and green epidote, all kinds of amazing stuff, |
这些是五大湖区附近的沙 可以看到里面有 粉色石榴石和绿帘石以及各种神奇的矿物质 |
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minerals:n.矿物;矿产,矿产品(mineral的复数);矿物质; garnet:n.[矿物]石榴石;深红色;装货用的滑车;adj.深红色的;暗红色的;
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| and if you look at different sands from different places, every single beach, every single place you look at sand, it's different. Here's from Big Sur, like they're little jewels. |
当观察来自不同地方的沙 每一片海滩每一个地方的沙 都是不一样的。这是大苏尔(Big Sur)海岸的沙 它们像小粒的珠宝 |
| There are places in Africa where they do the mining of jewels, and you go to the sand where the rivers have the sand go down to the ocean, and it's like literally looking at tiny jewels through the microscope. |
在非洲某处 人们开采宝石的地方 你去看江河汇入 大海处的沙 在显微镜下就跟 看着微小的宝石一般 |
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literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
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| So every grain of sand is unique. Every beach is different. |
所以说每一粒沙都是独一无二的. 每处沙滩也各不相同 |
| Every single grain is different. There are no two grains of sand alike in the world. |
这世上没有 一模一样的两粒砂 |
| Every grain of sand is coming somewhere and going somewhere. |
每一粒沙子都有自己的过去和未来 |
| They're like a snapshot in time. |
通过沙粒我们看到一幅浓缩了时空的快照 |
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snapshot:n.快照,快相;急射,速射;简单印象;vt.给…拍快照;vi.拍快照;
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| Now sand is not only on Earth, but sand is ubiquitous throughout the universe. In fact, outer space is filled with sand, and that sand comes together to make our planets and the Moon. |
不仅在地球上有沙 宇宙当中它们也是无处不在的 事实上 外太空 充斥着沙 它们汇聚一体 形成我们的行星和月球 |
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ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的;无所不在的; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; outer:adj.外面的,外部的;远离中心的;n.环外命中;
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| And you can see those in micrometeorites. |
你看这些微小的陨石 |
| This is some micrometeorites that the Army gave me, and they get these out of the drinking wells in the South Pole . |
是军方提供的 来自南极饮用水的取水井 |
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South Pole:n.南极;
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| And they're quite amazing-looking, and these are the tiny constituents that make up the world that we live in -- the planets and the Moon. |
实在是非常迷人 正是这些 微小的元素造就了我们所生活的 行星系和月球 |
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constituents:n.构成要素;选民;成分;(constituent的复数)
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| So NASA wanted me to take some pictures of Moon sand, so they sent me sand from all the different landings of the Apollo missions that happened 40 years ago. |
美国宇航局局(NASA)希望我能给月球上的沙拍点照片 他们把四十年前阿波罗计划登月时在不同着陆点 所搜集到的沙发给了我 |
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landings:n.出煤量;上市量(landing的复数); Apollo:n.阿波罗(太阳神);美男子; missions:n.任务; v.给…交代任务; (mission的复数)
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| And I started taking pictures with my three-dimensional microscopes. |
然后我就开始用三维显微镜给它们拍照 |
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three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的;
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| This was the first picture I took. It was kind of amazing. |
这是第一张 惊人的美 |
| I thought it looked kind of a little bit like the Moon, which is sort of interesting. |
我觉得它看上去就像月球 所以很妙 |
| Now, the way my microscopes work is, normally in a microscope you can see very little at one time , so what you have to do is you have to refocus the microscope, |
显微镜的工作原理是 通常情况下 用显微镜 我们每次能观察到的并不多 所以就必须不断的重新对焦 |
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normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; at one time:曾经,一度;同时; refocus:v.[摄]重新对焦;
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| keep taking pictures, and then I have a computer program that puts all those pictures together into one picture so you can see actually what it looks like, and I do that in 3D. So there, you can see, is a left-eye view. There's a right-eye view. |
连续拍摄 然后运用电脑程序 汇总所有的照片 整合为一张后才能看到真实的样子 而我则要在三维空间里做上述的事 请看 这是左眼的视角 这是右眼的视角 |
| So sort of left-eye view, right-eye view. |
就像先左边看 再右边看 |
| Now something's interesting here. This looks very different than any sand on Earth that I've ever seen, and I've seen a lot of sand on Earth, believe me. (Laughter) |
这里很有趣的是 它看起来 跟我所看过的所有地球上的沙都不一样 相信我 地球上的沙我看得可不少 |
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different than:不同于;
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| Look at this hole in the middle. That hole was caused by a micrometeorite hitting the Moon. |
你看中间的空洞 它是由于 小陨石撞击月球而形成的 |
| Now, the Moon has no atmosphere , so micrometeorites come in continuously , and the whole surface of the Moon is covered with powder now, because for four billion years it's been bombarded by micrometeorites, and when micrometeorites come in at about 20 to 60,000 miles an hour, they vaporize on contact . |
因为月球没有大气层 所以 会不断受到陨尘的袭击 月球表面 如今呈粉末状 就是由于40亿年来 不断被陨尘撞击的结果 当陨尘以 每小时20到六万英里的速度袭来时 一旦击中目标便会气化 |
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atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; continuously:adv.连续不断地; powder:n.粉末;细面;扑面粉;美容粉;v.傅粉;抹粉; bombarded:v.轰炸(bombard的过去分词); adj.被轰击的; vaporize:vi.蒸发;vt.使…蒸发; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
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| And you can see here that that is -- that's sort of vaporized , and that material is holding this little clump of little sand grains together. |
你可以从这里看到 那就是 类似气化后的状况 它能 把细小的沙粒凝聚在一起 |
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vaporized:汽化了的; clump:n.丛;笨重的脚步声;土块;v.形成一丛;以沉重的步子行走;
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| This is a very small grain of sand, this whole thing. |
这是一粒小沙子 |
| And that's called a ring agglutinate . |
也被称作环状凝聚物 |
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agglutinate:vi.粘合;成胶状;vt.使粘合;使凝集;adj.胶合的;粘结的;
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| And many of the grains of sand on the Moon look like that, and you'd never find that on Earth. |
许多月球表面的沙粒都是这个样子的 而地球上找不到 |
| Most of the sand on the Moon, especially -- and you know when you look at the Moon, there's the dark areas and the light areas. The dark areas are lava flows. They're basaltic lava flows, and that's what this sand looks like, very similar to the sand that you would see in Haleakala. |
月球上大部分的沙 尤其是,你可以看到月球 有背光面也有向光面 背光面是熔岩流 是玄武岩的熔岩流 这是它们的沙的样子 和哈里阿卡拉火山（Haleakala）的沙很像 |
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especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; lava:n.火山岩浆;火山所喷出的熔岩; basaltic:adj.[岩]玄武岩的;
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| Other sands, when these micrometeorites come in, they vaporize and they make these fountains , these microscopic fountains that go up into the -- |
其他的沙子 当陨石接近时 它们会气化而形成这些喷泉 这些微小的喷泉喷涌而上 |
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fountains:n.[地质]喷泉;户外喷泉(fountain的复数);
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| I was going to say "up into the air," but there is no air -- goes sort of up, and these microscopic glass beads are formed instantly, and they harden , and by the time they fall down back to the surface of the Moon, they have these beautiful colored glass spherules. |
我本来想说冲到空中,但是这里并没有空气 那就只能说涌向上方吧 这些微粒 瞬间成型并固化为玻璃状的颗粒 当它们坠回月球表面的时候 就成了色彩斑斓的玻璃小球 |
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beads:n.(有孔的)珠子;(玫瑰)念珠;(液体的)小滴;(bead的复数) harden:v.硬化;(使声音、面孔等)更严肃;(使)更坚定;使变得无情;n.哈登;
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| And these are actually microscopic; you need a microscope to see these. |
它们都是能用显微镜捕捉得到的 只要有合适的工具 |
| Now here's a grain of sand that is from the Moon, and you can see that the entire crystal structure is still there. |
这是一颗来自月球的沙粒 你能看到完整的 剔透的结构仍得以完整的呈现 |
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structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
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| This grain of sand is probably about three and a half or four billion years old, and it's never eroded away like the way we have sand on Earth erodes away because of water and tumbling , |
这粒沙大概有 三十五亿到四十亿年的历史了 它没有像地球上的沙那样 受到水分,碰撞 |
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eroded:v.腐蚀;风化;削弱;损害;(erode的过去分词和过去式) erodes:vt.腐蚀,侵蚀;vi.侵蚀;受腐蚀; tumbling:v.(使)跌倒;倒塌;(价格或数量)暴跌;(tumble的现在分词)
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| air, and so forth. All you can see is a little bit of erosion down here by the Sun, has these solar storms, and that's erosion by solar radiation . |
空气等的侵蚀 只有看到的极小的侵蚀 来自太阳 像是太阳雨 和太阳辐射 |
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radiation:n.辐射;放射线;放射疗法;
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| So what I've been trying to tell you today is things even as ordinary as a grain of sand can be truly extraordinary if you look closely and if you look from a different and a new point of view. |
所以说 今天我想告诉大家的是 平凡如一粒沙 只要观察入微,也有它独特的魅力 只要你能找到不同的视角和新的观察角度 |
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extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
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| I think that this was best put by William Blake when he said, "To see a world in a grain of sand and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour." |
我想英国诗人威廉·布莱克(William Blake)说的最好了 一沙一世界 一花一片天 掌中握无限 永恒刹那间 |
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Blake:n.布莱克(英国作家); infinity:n.无穷;无限大;无限距; palm:n.手掌;手心;棕榈树;v.把…藏在手中(尤指玩戏法); eternity:n.来世,来生;不朽;永世;
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| Thank you. (Applause) |
谢谢（掌声） |