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FrancoiseMouly_2017S-_纽约客封面代表作背后的故事_
So 24 years ago, 24 年前,
I was brought to The New Yorker as art editor to rejuvenate what had by then become a somewhat staid institution and to bring in new artists and to try to bring the magazine from its ivory tower into engaging with its time. 我到纽约客杂志 （The New Yorker） 担任艺术编辑, 去把活力和精神带给 当时已古板不再变化的机构, 并带入新的艺术家, 试着把杂志从它的象牙塔带出来, 让它与时代结合。
rejuvenate:vt.使年轻;使更新;使恢复精神;使复原;vi.复原;变年轻; somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微; staid:adj.固定的;沉着的;沉静的;古板的,保守的; institution:n.制度;建立;(社会或宗教等)公共机构;习俗; ivory tower:n.象牙塔(指远离问题、脱离现实的小天地); engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
And it was just the right thing for me to do because I've always been captivated by how an image can -- a simple drawing -- can cut through the torrent of images that we see every single day. 对我来说,那是一件 对的、该做的事, 因为我一直都觉得,一张图像── 一张简单的绘画── 如何在我们每日看到的图像洪流中 开出一条路,是很让人着迷的。
captivated:v.迷住;迷惑;(captivate的过去式); torrent:n.奔流;倾注;迸发;连续不断; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
How it can capture a moment, how it can crystallize a social trend or a complex event in a way that a lot of words wouldn't be able to do -- and reduce it to its essence and turn it into a cartoon. 它如何能够捕捉到一个时刻, 它如何能用许多文字 都做不到的方式, 将社会趋势或复杂事件 给具体呈现出来── 并将之精简后,再转为一幅漫画。
capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 crystallize:vt.使结晶;明确;使具体化;做成蜜饯;vi.结晶,形成结晶;明确;具体化; trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精;
So I went to the library and I looked at the first cover drawn by Rea Irvin in 1925 -- a dandy looking at a butterfly through his monocle , and we call it Eustace Tilley. 所以,我去了图书馆, 我看着这第一张封面, 它是瑞厄文在 1925 年所绘的。 一个时髦男子透过 他的单片眼镜看着一只蝴蝶。 我们称它为「 尤斯特斯．特利。」
dandy:adj.上等的,极好的(口语);服装华丽的;n.花花公子;好打扮的人; monocle:n.单片眼镜;单眼绷带;
And I realized that as the magazine had become known for its in-depth research and long reports, some of the humor had gotten lost along the way, because now often Eustace Tilley was seen as a haughty dandy, but in fact, in 1925, when Rea Irvin first drew this image, he did it as part of a humor magazine to amuse the youth of the era , which was the flappers of the roaring twenties . 我了解到,这本杂志会出名, 是因为它的深度研究 以及很长的报导, 在过程中,有些幽默不见了, 因为现在,尤斯特斯．特利 通常被视为是高傲的时髦男子, 但事实上,在 1925 年, 当瑞厄文最初画这张图时, 是把它当作幽默杂志的一部份, 用来娱乐那个时代的年轻人, 也就是咆哮的二十年代的 年轻时髦女子。
in-depth:adj.彻底的,深入的; humor:n.幽默;心情;情绪;脾气;v.迎合;迁就; haughty:adj.傲慢的;自大的; amuse:v.逗乐;逗笑;(提供)消遣;(使)娱乐; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代; flappers:n.苍蝇拍;轻佻女子;刚学飞的小禽; roaring twenties:n.兴旺的二十年代(指人们自信又快乐的20世纪20年代);
And in the library, 在图书馆中,
I found the images that really captured the zeitgeist of the Great Depression . 我找到一些图像,它们真的捕捉到了 经济大蕭条的时代精神。
captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词) zeitgeist:n.时代思潮,时代精神; Depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
And it showed us not just how people dressed or what their cars looked like, but also what made them laugh, what their prejudices were. 它呈现的不只是人们的穿着、 或是他们开什么样的车, 也呈现出什么能让他们笑、 他们的偏见是什么。
prejudices:成见;偏见;歧视(prejudice的复数);
And you really got a sense of what it felt like to be alive in the '30s. 你真的能够了解 活在三十年代是什么样的感觉。
So I called on contemporary artists, such as Adrian Tomine here. 所以我拜访了当代艺术家, 比如画这张图的阿德里安．突米内。
contemporary:n.同时代的人;同时期的东西;adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的;
I often call on narrative artists -- cartoonists , children's book authors -- and I give them themes such as, you know, what it's like to be in the subway, or Valentine's Day, and they send me sketches . 我常会拜访叙事性艺术家, 如漫画家、童书作者, 我会给他们主题,像是 在地铁是什么感觉、 或情人节。 他们会把草图寄给我。
narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; cartoonists:n.漫画家; sketches:n.[测]草图; v.素描,写生(sketch的第三人称单数);
And once the sketches are approved by the editor, 一旦草图被编辑大卫．瑞姆尼克
approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式)
David Remnick, it's a go. 审核过了, 就可以用了。
And I love the way those images are actually not telling you what to think. 我喜欢的是, 那些图像其实并不是 在告诉你要怎么想,
But they do make you think, because the artist is actually -- it's almost a puzzle; the artist is drawing the dots, and you, the reader, have to complete the picture. 但它们会让你去思考, 因为艺术家其实── 这几乎像是在解谜; 艺术家画出一部份, 而身为读者的你, 得把整幅图给完成。
So to get this image on the left by Anita Kunz, or the one on right by Tomer Hanuka, you have to play spot the differences. 所以,若要了解左边这张 安妮塔．庫恩兹设计的图像, 或是右边这张 桐姆尔． 阿努卡设计的, 你得要玩比比看差在哪的游戏。
And it is something that ... 这就像是……
It's really exciting to see how the engagement with the reader ... 能够看见读者的参与感, 是很让人兴奋的……
engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度;
how those images really capture -- play with the stereotypes . 那些图像如何描绘── 吐槽你的刻板印象。
stereotypes:n.模式化观念(或形象); v.对…形成模式化(或类型化)的看法; (stereotype的第三人称单数和复数)
But when you get it, it rearranges the stereotypes that are in your head. 但当你看懂的时候, 它会顛覆你脑中的刻板印象。
rearranges:vt.重新排列;重新整理;
But the images don't just have to show people, sometimes it can be a feeling. 但图像并不见得一定要 呈现什么给人看, 有时,它可以是一种感觉。
Right after September 11, 在 911 事件之后,
I was at a point, like everybody else, where I really didn't know how to deal with what we were going through, and I felt that no image could capture this moment, and I wanted to just do a black cover, like no cover. 我处在一个状况, 和其他人一样, 我不知道要如何呈现我们所经历的, 我觉得没有任何图像 能够描绘出我们当时的感受, 我想要做一个黑白的封面, 就像没有封面一样。
And I talked to my husband, cartoonist Art Spiegelman, and mentioned to him that I was going to propose that, and he said, "Oh, if you're going to do a black cover, 我先生亚特．史匹格尔曼 是个漫画家,我跟他谈了这事, 跟他提到我的封面提案, 他说:「喔,如果你要 做黑白的封面,
propose:v.建议;提议;求婚;打算;
then why don't you do the silhouette of the Twin Towers, black on black?" 那你为什么不做 世贸双子星大楼的轮廓, 黑色加在黑色上面？」
silhouette:n.轮廓,剪影;v.使…照出影子来;使…仅仅显出轮廓;
And I sat down to draw this, and as soon as I saw it, a shiver ran down my spine and I realized that in this refusal to make an image, we had found a way to capture loss and mourning and absence . 我坐下来,画了这个, 当我看到它的那一刻, 我的脊椎起了一阵凉意, 我了解到, 在百般不愿意中, 我们找到了一种方式来 回忆我们的失去、 悲痛、 与离别。
as soon as:一…就; shiver:v.颤抖;哆嗦;n.颤抖;寒战; spine:n.脊柱,脊椎;刺;书脊; refusal:n.拒绝;回绝; mourning:n.伤逝;哀悼;丧服;v.哀悼,忧伤;(mourn的现在分词) absence:n.没有;缺乏;缺席;不注意;
And it's been a profound thing that I learned in the process -- that sometimes some of the images that say the most do it with the most spare means. 我在过程中学到的是 很深奥的东西── 有时,含有最多意涵的图像, 往往却是用最简单的方式表达。
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; spare:v.节约,吝惜;饶恕;分出,分让;adj.多余的;瘦的;少量的;n.剩余;备用零件;
And a simple image can speak volumes . 一张简单的图像 可以诉说出一大堆的道理。
volumes:n.卷;体积;容积;大量;(volumes是volume的复数)
So this is the image that we published by Bob Staake right after the election of Barack Obama, and captured a historic moment. 我们出版的这个图像是 巴伯．史达克的作品, 在欧巴马的选举之后出版的, 捕捉到了这个历史性的时刻。
historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的;
But we can't really plan for this, because in order to do this, we have to let the artist experience the emotions that we all feel when that is happening. 但我们无去计画这些, 因为为了做到这样, 我们得要让艺术家体验到 事件发生时我们所有人 感受到的情绪。
emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
So back in November 2016, during the election last year, the only image that we could publish was this, which was on the stand on the week that everybody voted. 所以,回到 2016 年 11 月, 去年,在选举时, 我们唯一能出版的图像就是这个, 在大家投票的那周,摆在报摊上。
publish:v.出版;发表;公布;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Because we knew somebody would feel this -- 因为我们知道有些人的 感受就是这样──
(Laughter) （笑声）
when the result of the election was announced. 当选举结果公布时。
And when we found out the result, we really were at a loss , and this is the image that was sent by Bob Staake again, and that really hit a chord . 当我们得知结果时, 我们真的不知如何是好, 这张图像同样也是 巴伯．史达克寄来的, 它真的有打中人心。
at a loss:亏本地;困惑不解; chord:n.弦;和弦;
And again, we can't really figure out what's going to come next, but here it felt like we didn't know how to move forward, but we did move forward, and this is the image that we published after Donald Trump 's election and at the time of the Women's March all over the US. 同样的, 我们真的无法知道 接下来会发生什么事, 当下感觉到,似乎 我们不知道如何向前进, 但我们确实向前进了, 这张图像是我们在 川普选举之后出版的, 那时正值全美各地的 女权大游行。
Trump:n.王牌;主牌花色;v.出王牌赢(牌);;赢;胜过;打败;
So over those 24 years, 所以在这 24 年间,
I have seen over 1,000 images come to life week after week, and I'm often asked which one is my favorite, but I can't pick one because what I'm most proud of is how different every image is, one from the other. 一周又一周,我看过了 一千多张活生生的图像, 我常被问,哪张是我的最爱, 但我无法选出一张, 因为我最骄傲的就是每张图像 都有自己的独特性,
And that's due to the talent and the diversity of all of the artists that contribute . 原因是所有的艺术家们都贡献出了 他们的才华和多样性。
diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: contribute:v.贡献,出力;投稿;捐献;
And now, well, now, we're owned by Russia, so -- 而现在, 现在我们是归俄国所有, 所以──
(Laughter) （笑声）
In a rendering by Barry Blitt here, 在巴瑞．比李特所设计的表现中,
rendering:n.演奏;扮演;表演;翻译作品;v.使成为;给予;提供;回报;(render的现在分词)
Eustace has become Eustace Vladimirovich Tilley. 尤斯特斯变成了俄式名字 尤斯特斯．弗拉基米洛维奇．特利,
And the butterfly is none other than a flabbergasted Donald Trump flapping his wings, trying to figure out how to control the butterfly effect , and the famed logo that was drawn by Rae Irvin in 1925 is now in Cyrillic . 而蝴蝶不是别人, 正是啞然失色的川普, 拍着他的翅膀, 试着想出要如何控制蝴蝶效应, 而瑞厄文在 1925 年 设计的着名商标, 现在改用西里尔字母来写。
flabbergasted:adj.大吃一惊; v.大吃一惊; flapping:n.拍动;摇摆运动;adj.摇摆运动的;挥动的;v.拍打,轻拍(flap的现在分词); butterfly effect:n.蝴蝶效应; famed:adj.著名的; logo:n.标志; Cyrillic:adj.古代斯拉夫语字母的;n.斯拉夫字母;
So, what makes me really excited about this moment is the way that ... 对于这个时刻,让我感到很兴奋的 是那方式……
You know, free press is essential to our democracy . 你知道的,自由媒体对于 我们的民主而言是很重要的,
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
And we can see from the sublime to the ridiculous that artists can capture what is going on in a way that an artist armed with just India ink and watercolor can capture and enter into the cultural dialogue. 从崇高的到可笑的,我们可以看见 艺术家能够捕捉到发生的事情, 这种方式是一个艺术家 即使只有墨水和水彩颜料, 也能捕捉并进入文化对话。
sublime:adj.庄严的; n.崇高; vt.使…纯化; vi.升华; ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的; watercolor:n.水彩画,水彩;水彩颜料;adj.水彩的,水彩画的; enter into:进入;讨论;成为…的一部分;研讨;分享;体谅; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
It puts those artists at the center of that culture, and that's exactly where I think they should be. 这会把艺术家放在那文化的中心, 那也是我认为他们该身处的地方。
Because the main thing we need right now is a good cartoon. 因为现在我们最需要的 就是好的漫画。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) （掌声）