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FangRuan_2019S-_中国商业和古中国哲学的商业管理课程_-
I love dumplings . 我爱吃饺子。
dumplings:n.小面团;汤团;饺子;水果布丁;(dumpling的复数)
But I seldom have dumplings in a restaurant, because my mom's cooking is the best. 但我很少在餐馆点饺子。 因为我妈妈做的饺子是世界上最棒的！
One day, I happened to take a bite of Dumpling Xi's dish. 一天,我偶然吃了一口 喜家德水饺。
To my surprise, they had a flavor of going home. 让我惊喜的是, 它们有一种家乡的味道——
flavor:n.情味,风味;香料;滋味;v.加味于;
Fresh, chewy and unexpected . 很新鲜,有嚼劲,出乎想象。
chewy:adj.需要多嚼的;不易嚼烂的; unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的;
In addition to being a dumpling lover , 除了是一个饺子吃货,
In addition to:除…之外; lover:n.爱好者;情侣;热爱者;
I actually have a full-time job. 我还有一份全职工作:
full-time:adj.专职的;全日制的;全部时间的;
I am a management consultant , so naturally , I was keen to understand the reasons behind those delicious dumplings. 管理咨询顾问。 出于职业习惯, 我非常渴望理解 是什么让喜家德水饺如此美味。
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; consultant:n.顾问;高级顾问医师;会诊医师; naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; keen:adj.敏锐的,敏捷的;渴望的;强烈的;热心的;锐利的;n.痛哭,挽歌;
What I didn't expect is that this dumpling triggered my exploration of new ways of management in China. 出乎我意料的是, 这些饺子触发了我对 中国新商业管理方式的探索。
triggered:v.发动;引起;触发;开动;起动;(trigger的过去分词和过去式) exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术;
A change that is deeply rooted in ancient Chinese philosophies . 一种源于中国古代哲学理念的 管理理念的转变。
philosophies:n.哲学;思想体系;人生哲学;(philosophy的复数)
But first, let's go back to the dumplings. 不过书归正传, 咱们还是说说这饺子。
Today, the company enjoys 500 stores with 8,000 employees. 距今为止,该公司拥有 500 家门店, 8000 多名员工。
But it wasn't always the case. 但喜家德的发展不是一直顺风顺水的。
Three years ago, the demand for his dumplings was soaring due to consumers ' craving for healthy food. 三年前, 由于对健康食品的高诉求, 消费者对高端水饺的需求量猛增。
soaring:adj.翱翔的;高耸的;猛增的;v.高耸;高飞;猛增;(soar的现在分词形式) consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) craving:n.渴望;热望;v.渴望;恳求;(crave的现在分词);
But the strong growth of online food delivery services had pulled the consumers away from store visits, causing a huge concern for Gāo. 但是网上送餐服务的强劲增长劲头 把他们的门店客户拉走了。 给高德福造成很大困扰。
delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事;
If I were to advise Gāo back then, 如果当时我去给高德福提建议,
advise:v.建议;通知;劝告;忠告;
I would go directly with the classical approach , hiring venture managers, providing training on how to integrate online-offline sales, or having some high potentials fully dedicated to the new job, such as a Chief Digital Officer. 我会直接建议用传统的方式: 聘用资深职业经理, 提供线上线下融合培训, 或者给新岗位配备 具有拼搏精神的高潜能人才, 比如首席数字官。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; classical:adj.古典的;经典的;传统的;第一流的;n.古典音乐; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; venture:v.敢于;冒险;投机;n.企业;风险;冒险; integrate:v.成为一体;(使)加入;adj.完全的; potentials:n.[电]电位;潜能(potential的复数); dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式) Digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
But Gāo did something totally different. 但高德福的做法完全不同。
He invented a two-hat model. 他发明了一个 “双头衔” 模式。
Instead of recruiting new executives , he invited five successful original heads to take on a second role at headquarters . 他并没有招募新的主管, 而是邀请了五个成功的大区长, 在集团平台兼职。
recruiting:v.吸收(新成员);征募(新兵);动员;(recruit的现在分词) executives:n.经理,主管领导,管理人员;领导层;行政部门(executive的复数) original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; headquarters:n.总部;指挥部;司令部;
The catch was, they had to do it while still being the frontline managers. 关键之处在于, 他们仍然继续一线的销售管理工作。
frontline:n.前线;锋线(包括大前锋,小前锋,中锋);
Keep in mind that these people had no formal training or related experience in this field. 请记住,这些人 在这个领域并没有接受过 正规的训练,也没有相关经验。
Keep in mind:记住; formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服;
What they did have, though, was natural strengths and a growth mindset . 但是他们拥有的是自己本身的长处 和一个成长型心态。
mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态;
When Gāo first told me the idea, I said, "Are you sure? 高德福第一次告诉我 这个想法时,我说, “你确定吗？
I have seldom seen companies as large as yours having part-time senior executives." 我没见过像你们这么大规模的公司 选择聘用兼职高管。”
senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人;
'"This is my dumpling way." “这是我喜家德的饺子范儿。”
Gāo's team was also puzzled . 他的团队也很疑惑。
puzzled:adj.困惑的;茫然的;搞糊涂的;
In the first three months, the sales fluctuated , some even dropped by 20 percent. 头三个月,销量大幅波动。 有时甚至下降了 20%。
fluctuated:波动;
But Gāo didn't blink . 但高德福眉头都没皱一下。
blink:vt.眨眼;使…闪烁;vi.眨眼;闪烁;n.眨眼;瞬间;闪光;
The regional heads had to learn new skills while still doing their job. 在做好本职销售工作的同时, 这些大区经理还必须学习新的技能。
regional:adj.地区的;局部的;整个地区的;
Things like what kinds of dumplings can be sold online, how to digitalize their supply chain . 比如说,发掘适合线上销售的饺子品类, 如何把供应链数字化,等等。
digitalize:v.用毛地黄治疗(心脏病); supply chain:n.供应链;
After the transition period, something magical happened. 过了转型期后, 神奇的事情发生了。
transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡;
The sales came back. 销量开始回升。
One year later, the company began to launch its fresh and spicy dumplings online. 一年后, 喜家德开始在线上出售新鲜水饺。
launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; spicy:adj.辛辣的;加有香料的;刺激的;
Two years later, more talents with start-up dreams were attracted. 两年后, 更多带着创业梦想的人才 慕名前来。
start-up:n.启动;adj.起动阶段的;开始阶段的(异体字startup);
More importantly, the company began to translate these individual new capabilities into company policies , and roll them out. 更关键的是, 公司开始把这些个人的新技能 带入公司制度, 并开始在内部大规模推行。
translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
A true differentiator compared with his peers . 这一步,令他们与同行相比, 遥遥领先。
differentiator:n.[自]微分器;微分电路;区分者; compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式);
Because most Chinese entrepreneurs are very good at growth strategies . 大部分中国企业家 都十分擅长增长型的公司战略
entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数) strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
expanding territories , converting individual best practices into company policies for the long run. 意思是开辟领土, 就是从长远上, 个体的最佳实践固化到公司制度里 旨在公司的长治久安。
expanding:v.扩大,增加,增强细谈;详述;(expand的现在分词) territories:n.地区;领土;边疆区(territory的复数); converting:v.(使)转变,转换,转化;可转变为;归附;(convert的现在分词)
The nature of Gāo's approach, such as having tolerance for frontline managers to make mistakes, or having some new ideas not coming from the top, is not common in China. 高德福这个方法的核心理念包含: 允许前线管理人员 犯错; 听取一些不是来自高层的新想法。 这些在中国都不寻常。
tolerance:n.公差;耐量;宽容;容忍;
Because they go against our traditions. 因为它们有悖中国的传统。
go against:不利于;违反;反对;
In the past 2,000 years, 在过去的 2000 多年里,
Confucianism has been dominant in China, which values seniority and authority . 儒家思想主导着中国社会。 它主张论资排辈,尊从权威。
dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性; seniority:n.长辈;老资格;前任者的特权; authority:n.权威;权力;当局;
For a nation, this is a time-tested formula to ensure order and harmony . 从国家角度来看, 这是个久经考验的准则, 保证了国家的稳定与和谐。
time-tested:adj.久经试验的;经受时间考验的; formula:n.公式; adj.(赛车)方程式的(指赛车要符合规定的体积,重量及汽缸容量等); ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全; harmony:n.协调;和睦;融洽;调和;
For a company, this ensures precise execution at a large scale . 从公司角度来看, 这一举措可以保证 政策的大规模精准执行。
ensures:v.保证,确定(原形为ensure); precise:adj.准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的; execution:n.执行,实行;完成;死刑; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
But with business environments constantly changing, internet disrupting traditional industries, new millennials becoming a major workforce , new ways of management emerge . 但是随着商业环境不断变化, 互联网颠覆传统行业。 新千禧一代渐变成职场主力军, 新的管理方式出现了。
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; disrupting:v.扰乱;使中断;打乱;(disrupt的现在分词) traditional:传统的,惯例的, millennials:n.千禧世代;千禧之子;千禧一代(millennial的复数); workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工; emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相;
I feel so lucky to study this in such a dynamic age, while at the same time to satisfy my stomach with delicious dumplings. 我十分庆幸自己能在 这个活力澎湃的时代学习企业管理, 同时, 还有美味的饺子满足我的胃。
dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; satisfy:vt.满足(要求,需要等):使满意:使确信:
Gāo's two-hat approach is just one example. 高德福的 “双头衔” 项目 只是新型管理方式的一个例子。
Another example comes from Miranda Qu, the founder of Xiaohongshu. 另一个例子来自瞿芳, 小红书创始人。
Miranda:[美国法律]米兰达原则; founder:vi.失败;沉没;倒塌;变跛;vt.破坏;使摔倒;垮掉;n.创始人;建立者;翻沙工;
Xiaohongshu is a thriving internet company with 300 million users. 小红书是一家蓬勃发展的互联网公司, 拥有 3 亿用户。
thriving:v.兴旺发达;繁荣;旺盛;茁壮成长;(thrive的现在分词)
It is an online community where young fans can get together to talk about their favorite soap opera , "Go Go Squid !" 它是一个线上社区,供年轻粉丝聚集, 谈论他们最喜欢的连续剧, 比如《亲爱的,热爱的》;
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; get together:聚会 soap opera:n.(美)肥皂剧; Squid:n.鱿鱼;乌贼;枪乌贼;
Or buy the cool shoes that the lead actress wears in a running scene. 或在平台上购买女主角在戏中 穿着跑步的炫酷的鞋子。
From the early days , 在公司创办的早期,
early days:初期;为时尚早;前期;
Qu wanted the whole organization to be ready to spot things that need to change and challenge the authority. 瞿芳提倡任何员工 随时可以发现问题, 解决问题, 倡导大家挑战权威。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
But one day, she noticed her interns were calling senior staff "teachers." 但是有一天, 她注意到她的实习生 管资深职员叫 “老师”。
interns:n.实习生(intern的复数);同住者;v.做实习生;扣留;软禁(intern的三单形式);
This may sound innocent , but it signaled a problem to Qu. 说者无心, 听者有意。
innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋; signaled:v.以动作向…示意;用信号发出,用信号通知;向…发信号(signal的过去分词);
Because if the teacher phenomenon becomes a norm , it will encourage hierarchy and discourage ownership. 因为如果这个 “老师现象” 变成了一个惯例, 它会鼓励阶层制度的蔓延, 阻碍主人翁精神。
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); norm:n.规范;标准;定额;常态;v.规范;规定; hierarchy:n.层级;等级制度; discourage:v.阻止;劝阻;阻拦;使灰心;
This is also something related to Confucian thinking. 这种现象也可以追溯到儒家思想。
Confucian:adj.孔子的,儒家的;儒家学说的;n.儒家,儒家学者;孔子的门徒;
In Chinese, we call it "benfen." 在中国, 我们管它叫 “本份”。
'"Ben" means me, myself. “本” 代表我,我自己。
'" Fen " means the share of the job. “份” 代表,我的份内事。
Fen:n.沼地,沼泽;沼泽地区;
'"I will just focus on my job and not cross any lines," 教导人们要 “只专心做 我的份内事,不越界一步,”
which is totally the opposite to Qu's thinking. 这个理念跟瞿芳的思维完全相反。
So Qu created a unique initiative called " Signature Program." 所以她创建了一个独特的“薯名文化”。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的; Signature:n.署名;签名;信号;
In the program, each employee chooses an avatar character that pops up alongside digital communication channels. “薯名”文化中, 每个员工选择一个虚拟角色, 作为自己在日常沟通的用户名。
avatar:n.电影《阿凡达》;
Some common ideas include Captain Hook , Harry Potter and many well-known characters in Chinese literature . 有些是常见的角色, 包括库克船长,哈利·波特, 还有很多中国文学里 众所周知的角色。
Hook:n.钩;挂钩;鱼钩;钓钩;v.挂住;箍住;钓(鱼);打曲线球; well-known:adj.著名的;众所周知的;清楚明白的; literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作;
The way these characters interact proved to be the answer to Qu's problem. 这些角色之间的互动解决了瞿芳的问题。
interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
Avatars from the same story would get together to talk about their favorite characters. 来自同一个故事的虚拟角色 会不定期的举行聚会, 讨论他们最喜欢的角色。
Avatars:n.神使;头像;形象化符号;(avatar的复数)
In the community called " Slam Dunk ," 在 “灌篮高手” 社区里,
Slam Dunk:n.(篮球)扣篮;作大投入;大笔回报;
people from different cities, different departments, different levels of the organization, they would talk about how these characters inspired them at work. 来自不同城市,不同部门, 不同层级的员工 会讨论这些角色 如何在工作中鼓舞他们。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
An employee with a signature called Coach Anzai was facing some difficulty in leading a very young team. 其中一个叫 “安西教练” 的员工。 在领导一个十分年轻的团队时 遇到了一些困惑,
Other Dunk fans will share the best practices on how to motivate a diversified team and inspire them to work to their full potential. 其他的灌篮高手迷就会分享一些 激发多元化团队的最佳实践, 帮助员工发挥潜能。
motivate:v.激励;激发;成为…的动机;是…的原因; diversified:adj.多样化的; v.增加…的品种; (diversify的过去式和过去分词)
The signature program plays a pivotal role in fostering a collaborative environment at Xiaohongshu. 小红书的“薯名”文化在促进协作中 扮演着十分重要的角色。
pivotal:adj.关键的;中枢的;枢轴的;n.关键事物;中心事物; fostering:v.促进;助长;培养;鼓励;抚育;(foster的现在分词) collaborative:adj.合作的,协作的;
Not only the teacher issue has disappeared , the company has been ranked as one of the most innovative Chinese companies by Forbes in the past two years. 不仅那个 “老师现象” 消失了, 在过去两年里, 该公司还被福布斯评选为 中国最具创新力的 企业之一。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词) innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; Forbes:n.福布斯(美国著名财经杂志);福布斯(美国出版及媒体集团);福布斯(姓氏);
Gāo's two-hat approach and Qu's signature program are just two examples of empowering the frontline staff. 高德福的 “双头衔” 项目 和瞿芳的 “薯名文化” 是两个充分为一线员工赋能的例子
empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
But these methods may not always be right. 但是这些方法也许并不是万能的。
Let's take Ping An, for example. 我们就拿平安公司举个例子。
Ping:发出撞击声
Very successful insurance company. 这是一个很成功的保险公司。
insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的;
The company couldn't adopt such an approach for the whole organization, because, one, the company has 400,000 employees, and the line between innovative chaos and chaotic chaos is very thin. 该公司没办法在整个公司内部 这种自下而上的方式的原因是 一,这家公司有 40 万个员工, 创新性混乱和一团糟的混乱 之间的界限非常模糊。
adopt:v.采取;接受;收养;正式通过; chaos:n.混沌,混乱; chaotic:adj.混沌的;混乱的,无秩序的;
Two, the company has five ecosystems and 10-plus sectors -- health care , insurance, real estate , smart city. 二,该公司覆盖五个生态系统 和十个以上的部门—— 医疗保健,保险业务, 房地产,智能城市等。
ecosystems:n.生态系统(ecosystem的复数); sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形; health care:n.卫生保健; real estate:n.房地产;不动产;
Very difficult to apply a bottom-up innovation to all. 很难让一个自下而上的 创意覆盖到所有人。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; bottom-up:adj.[计]自底向上的;从细节到总体的; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
But the company still needs to be innovating . 但是他们也是需要创新的。
innovating:n.创新;v.革新(innovate的现在分词);创立;
Ma Mingzhe, the founder, positions the headquarters as the steering wheel . 创始人马明哲 把公司总部比喻作方向盘,
steering wheel:n.方向盘;(操)舵轮;
Steering innovations and new ideas, cascading them down to its subsidiaries . 引领创新, 并将其传达给各个子公司。
innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; cascading:v.倾泻;流注;大量落下;(cascade的现在分词) subsidiaries:n.子公司;下属公司(subsidiary的复数);
One of the ideas that headquarters came up with is AI-enabled loss assessment . 来自总部的一个创意 是“智能闪赔”。
assessment:n.评定;估价;
For a not-so-complicated case, the car owner can take a picture of the damaged car, upload it online. 我们举个没那么复杂的案例。 车主可以给损坏的车身拍照, 上传到网上,
upload:v.上传;
The insurance center can decide a claim amount right away by AI-enabled loss assessment. 理赔中心通过人工智能 做损失评估,并即刻算出 赔偿金额。
claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得; right away:立刻;
Facial recognition , ID verification . 车主在完成了人脸识别,身份验证后
Facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可; verification:n.确认,查证;核实;
The car owner can get a payment in a few minutes, which could have taken a few days. 就能在几分钟内收到赔款。 这个过程在以前要花上好几天。
payment:n.付款;支付;收款;款项;报答;
So, for companies that [find it] difficult to conduct grassroots innovation, a centralized approach is also an option . 所以,对那些很难采用 底层创意的企业来说, 集中化方法也是一个选项。
conduct:v.实施;执行;表现;引导;n.举止;管理方法;经营方式;实施办法; grassroots:adj.基层的;草根的;乡村的;n.草根;基础; centralized:adj.集中的;中央集权的;v.集中(centralize的过去分词); option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
The more I see these unconventional management mechanisms -- 看到了越多像这样的 非传统管理机制——
unconventional:adj.非常规的;非传统的;不依惯例的; mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
Qu with the signature program and Ma with the steering wheel -- the more I ponder where do these mechanisms come from. 瞿芳的 “薯名“ 文化, 马明哲的“总部方向盘”—— 我越想知道这些方法 是哪里冒出来的。
ponder:vt.仔细考虑;衡量;vi.考虑;沉思;
They're definitely not Confucian. 它们肯定不来自儒家学说,
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
They are very similar to another Asian school of thought, 却类似于另一派古老的亚洲哲学
Taoism. 道家学说。
Confucianism believes the way to achieve perfection is to organize and regulate things. 儒家认为获得完美 需强调“规”和“矩”,
perfection:n.完善;完美; organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理; regulate:v.调节;控制;
But Taoism believes in letting things work to their perfection naturally, to support their natural state and to let them transform spontaneously . 但是道家却追求“无为而治”, 让事物自然优化, 自发地变革。
transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; spontaneously:adv.自发地;自然地;不由自主地;
In other words, leaders should not impose their will. 简单说就是, 领导人不应把意志强加于民。
impose:v.推行;迫使;强制实行;把…强加于;
Leaders should act by shaping the context rather than control. 领导人应该塑造环境, 而不是强加管控。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
Confucianism works best in winning a stable context, whereas Taoism, with its power to shape the context, is more effective in dealing with uncertainty . 儒家思想更适合 确定性高的场景, 而道家学说强调的“改变环境” 可以更好地应对不确定性。
stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房; whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; uncertainty:n.不确定,不可靠;
A leader is best when people barely know he exists. “太上,不知有之…...
barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地;
When work is done, people say, "We did it ourselves." 功成事遂, 百姓皆谓‘我自然’。“
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）