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EvePearlman_2019S-_如何让有分歧的人开展对话_-
So in the run-up to the 2016 election, 在2016年大选的准备阶段,
run-up:n.助跑;预备阶段;抬高;急剧增长;
I was, like most of us, watching the rise in discord and vitriol and nastiness in our public spaces. 我和大多数人一样,看到公众空间中 越来越多的不和,刻薄和肮脏。
discord:n.不和;不调和;嘈杂声;vi.不一致;刺耳; vitriol:n.硫酸,[无化]硫酸盐;尖刻的话;vt.用硫酸处理;用尖刻的话伤害; nastiness:n.不洁,污秽;
It was this crazy uptick in polarization . 这是两极分化的疯狂升级。
uptick:n.报升(股票成交价格比上一个交易的为高); polarization:n.极化;偏振;两极分化;
It was both disheartening and distressing . 既令人沮丧又让人苦恼。
disheartening:adj.令人灰心的;令人气馁的; distressing:adj.使人痛苦的;令人苦恼的;v.使忧虑;使悲伤;使苦恼(distress的现在分词)
And so I started thinking, with a fellow journalist , Jeremy Hay, about how we might practice our craft differently. 于是,我开始和一位名叫 杰里米·海伊的记者 一起思考如何用不同的方式 应用我们的技巧。
journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者; craft:n.工艺;船;手艺;飞行器;v.(尤指用手工)精心制作;
How we might go to the heart of divides, to places of conflict , like journalists always have, but then, once there, do something really different. 如何才能像记者们经常做的那样, 涉足分歧的中心, 到达冲突的地方。 而一旦到了那里, 做一些真正不同的事情。
conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数);
We knew we wanted to take the core tools of our craft -- careful vetting of information, diligent research, curiosity , a commitment to serving the public good -- to serving our democracy -- and do something new. 我们知道我们想要用核心技巧—— 认真审查资料,勤奋研究,充满好奇, 对公共利益的承诺—— 去服务我们的民主—— 去做新的事情。
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; vetting:v.审查;仔细检查,审查;(vet的现在分词) diligent:adj.勤勉的;用功的,费尽心血的; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
And so we mapped out this process , what we call dialogue journalism , for going to the heart of social and political divides, and then, once there, building journalism-supported conversations between people on opposite sides of polarizing issues . 于是我们想出了这个项目, 我们称之为对话新闻, 去触及社会和政治分歧的核心, 一旦到了那一步, 就可以在对立的两派之间 建立起由新闻业支持的的对话。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; journalism:n.新闻业,新闻工作;报章杂志; polarizing:v.(使)两极化,截然对立; (polarize的现在分词) issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
But how actually to do this in a world that's so divided, so deeply divided -- when we live in a world in which cousins and aunts and uncles can't talk to one another, 但如何在如此分裂, 裂痕如此之深的世界中 去做这样的事？ 当我们所处的世界 堂兄弟姐妹和他们的 父母不彼此交谈,
when we often live in separate and distinct news ecosystems , and when we reflexively and habitually malign and dismiss those with whom we disagree? 当我们常常生活在隔离 和不同的新闻生态系统中, 并且当我们反射性地、习惯性地诋毁 和排斥那些与我们意见相左的人？
distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的; ecosystems:n.生态系统(ecosystem的复数); reflexively:反身地; habitually:adv.习惯地;日常地; malign:vt.诽谤,污蔑;中伤,说坏话;adj.恶意的,恶性的;有害的; dismiss:v.不予考虑;摒弃;消除;解雇;
But we wanted to try. 但我们仍想要试试。
And so right after the 2016 election, in that time between the election and the inauguration , we partnered with the Alabama Media Group to do something really different. 于是在2016年大选后, 在选举和就职典礼之间那段时间, 我们和阿拉巴马媒体集团合作, 做了一些非常不同的事情。
inauguration:n.就职典礼;开始,开创;开幕式; Alabama:n.阿拉巴马州(美国州名); Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
We brought 25 Trump supporters from Alabama together in conversation with 25 Clinton supporters from California. 我们从阿拉巴马带来了 25位川普的支持者, 与来自加州的25位 希拉里·克林顿的支持者进行对话。
Trump:n.王牌;主牌花色;v.出王牌赢(牌);;赢;胜过;打败; supporters:n.拥护者;(运动队的)支持者;(supporter的复数)
And we brought them together in a closed, moderated Facebook group that we kept open for a month. 我们把他们放到一个封闭的 有管理员的Facebook群组上, 观察了一个月。
moderated:adj.慢化的,适中的; v.缓和,节制(moderate的过去分词); n.指该讨论区设有信件区管理人;
What we wanted to do was to give them a place to engage with genuine curiosity and openness . 我们想要做的是 给他们一个场所, 保持真诚的好奇和开放态度。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; genuine:adj.真实的,真正的;诚恳的; openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真;
And we wanted to support them in building relationships, not just with each other but with us as journalists. 并且我们想要帮助他们建立关系, 不仅在他们之间,并且和我们记者之间。
And then we wanted to supply facts and information -- facts and information that they could actually receive and process and use to undergird their conversations. 然后我们想要提供事实和信息, 让他们可以节接受和思考, 并可以用来增强他们的谈资。
undergird:vt.加强;从底层加固;
And so as a prelude to this conversation, the first step in what we call dialogue journalism, we asked what they thought the other side thought of them. 作为这次对话的引子, 这个我们称之为对话新闻的第一步, 我们询问他们认为对方会如何看待他们。
prelude:n.前奏; vt.成为…的序幕; vi.作为序曲;
So when we asked the Trump supporters from Alabama what they thought the Clinton supporters in California thought of them, this is some of what they said. 当我们问阿拉巴马的川普支持者 加州的希拉里支持者如何看待他们时, 他们是这样说的:
'"They think we are religious Bible thumpers." “他们认为我们是狂热的宗教信徒。”
religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; Bible:n.有权威的书;
'"That we're backwards and hickish, and stupid." “我们是落后愚蠢的乡巴佬。”
'"They think that we all have Confederate flags in our yards, that we're racist and sexist and uneducated ." “他们认为我们的院子里 都是南方联盟的旗帜, 我们是种族主义者, 性别歧视者,没受过教育。”
Confederate:n.同盟国,同盟者; adj.同盟的,联合的; vt.使联盟; vi.同盟; racist:n.种族主义者;种族主义的; sexist:n.性别歧视者;男性至上主义者;adj.性别主义者的;性别歧视者的; uneducated:adj.无知的;未受教育的;v.未受教育(uneducate的过去式和过去分词);
'"They think we're barefoot and pregnant , with dirt driveways ." “他们觉得在尘土飞扬的马路上 经常能看到赤脚和怀孕的人。”
barefoot:adj.赤脚的;adv.赤着脚地; pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的; dirt:n.污垢;尘土;下流话; driveways:n.私家车道;(driveway的复数)
'"And they think we're all prissy butts and that we walk around in hoop skirts with cotton fields in the background." “他们认为我们都是乡巴佬, 穿着箍裙在棉花田中四处走动。”
prissy:adj.为小事挂虑的;谨小慎微的;神经质的; butts:n.短硬黄麻根纤维; v.踩熄或捻熄香烟等; hoop:n.箍;环;圈;(篮球)篮圈,篮框;
And then we asked that same question of the Californians: "What do you think the Alabamians think about you?" 然后我们对加州的人问了同样的问题: “你们认为阿拉巴马的人会怎么看你们？
'"And they said this: "That we're crazy, liberal Californians." ” 他们是这么说的: “我们是疯狂的,自由的加州人。”
liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人;
'"That we're not patriotic ." ”我们不爱国。”
patriotic:adj.爱国的;
'"We're snobby and we're elitist ." ”我们势利,我们是所谓的精英。”
snobby:adj.势利的(等于snobbish); elitist:n.优秀人才;杰出人物;adj.优秀人才的;杰出人才的;
'"We're godless and we're permissive with our children." ” 我们不信神, 我们对孩子放任自由。”
godless:adj.不信神的,无神论者的;不敬神的; permissive:adj.许可的;自由的;宽容的;(两性关系)放纵的;
'"And that we're focused on our careers , not our family." ” 我们关注工作,而不是家庭。”
careers:n.职业(career的复数);事业;职业生涯;v.全速前进(career的三单形式);
'"That we're elitist, pie-in-the-sky intellectuals , rich people, Whole Foods-eating, very out of touch ." ” 我们是精英主义者、空想家、 有钱人、全食主义者, 非常脱节。”
intellectuals:n.[劳经]知识分子(intellectual的复数); out of touch:失去联系;不来往的;
So by asking questions like this at the start of every conversation and by identifying and sharing stereotypes , we find that people -- people on all sides -- begin to see the simplistic and often mean-spirited caricatures they carry. 所以通过在每次对话前 问这样的问题, 通过识别和分享刻板印象, 我们发现人们——两边的人—— 开始看到他们所携带的印象 往往是简单且刻薄的。
identifying:n.识别,标识;标识关系;v.识别;(identify的现在分词) stereotypes:n.模式化观念(或形象); v.对…形成模式化(或类型化)的看法; (stereotype的第三人称单数和复数) simplistic:adj.过分简单化的;过分单纯化的; mean-spirited:adj.气量小的;心胸狭窄的;卑鄙的; caricatures:n.漫画;讽刺画;漫画手法;vt.画成漫画讽刺;
And in that -- after that, we can move into a process of genuine conversation. 在这之后, 我们开始了真正的对话。
So in the two years since that launch -- California/Alabama Project -- we've gone on to host dialogues and partnerships with media organizations across the country. 在加州/阿拉巴马项目发起的两年后—— 我们继续与全国各地的媒体组织 举办对话和开展合作。
launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数) organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
And they've been about some of our most contentious issues: guns, immigration , race, education. 他们一直在讨论一些最有争议的话题: 枪支,移民,种族,教育。
contentious:adj.诉讼的;有异议的,引起争论的;爱争论的; immigration:n.外来移民;移居;
And what we found, remarkably , is that real dialogue is in fact possible. 我们发现, 很明显, 真正的对话实际上是可能的。
remarkably:adv.非常;极为;格外;出乎意料地
And that when given a chance and structure around doing so, many, not all, but many of our fellow citizens are eager to engage with the other. 当有机会按这样的组织结构去做时, 很多,虽然不是全部, 但我们的很多公民 非常渴望彼此互动。
structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
Too often journalists have sharpened divides in the name of drama or readership or in service to our own views. 记者常常激化分歧, 以因为戏剧化, 迎合读者口味 或做出一些主观臆断更吸引眼球。
sharpened:v.(使)变得锋利,变得清晰; (sharpen的过去分词和过去式) in the name of:以…的名义; drama:n.戏剧;戏剧艺术;戏剧文学;戏剧性事件; readership:n.读者人数;读者们;读者的身分;
And too often we've gone to each side quoting a partisan voice on one side and a partisan voice on the other with a telling anecdotal lead and a pithy final quote , all of which readers are keen to mine for bias . 我们常常站在两派的立场上, 一边引用一个党派的声音, 另一边引用另一个党派的声音, 并加上轶事式的开场和精辟的结束语, 所有的读者都热衷于挖掘偏见。
quoting:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;(quote的现在分词) partisan:adj.党派的;效忠的;偏袒的;盲目推崇的;n.游击队;虔诚信徒;党羽; anecdotal:adj.轶事的;轶事一样的;多轶事的; pithy:adj.有髓的,多髓的;精练的;简洁有力的; quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; keen:adj.敏锐的,敏捷的;渴望的;强烈的;热心的;锐利的;n.痛哭,挽歌; bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的;
But our dialogue-based process has a slower pace and a different center. 但是,我们基于对话的过程 节奏较慢,而且主题繁杂。
And our work is guided by the principle that dialogue across difference is essential to a functioning democracy, and that journalism and journalists have a multifaceted role to play in supporting that. 我们的工作是基于这个原则: 直面差异的对话对民主很关键, 新闻业和记者可以发挥多方面的作用 进行支持。
principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉; essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; multifaceted:adj.多层面的;
So how do we work? 那么我们究竟是如何运作的？
At every stage, we're as transparent as possible about our methods and our motives . 在每个环节,我们都尽可能地 公开我们的方法和我们的动机。
transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; motives:n.动机;目的;运动(motive的复数);v.使有动机;促动(motive的三单形式);
At every stage, we take time to answer people's questions -- explain why we're doing what we're doing. 在每个环节,我们都抽时间 回答人们的问题—— 解释我们为什么做,在做什么。
We tell people that it's not a trap : no one's there to tell you you're stupid, no one's there to tell you your experience doesn't matter. 我们告诉人们,不要担心: 这里没人会说你很蠢, 这里没人会说你的经历不重要。
trap:v.使陷入困境;卡住;夹住;收集;吸收;n.陷阱;圈套;捕捉器;诡计;
And we always ask for a really different sort of behavior, a repatterning away from the reflexive name-calling , so entrenched in our discourse that most of us, on all sides, don't even notice it anymore. 我们总是要求一种完全不同的行为, 避开习惯性的反身谩骂, 这我们的语境中是如此根深蒂固, 以至于所有阵营中的 大多数人甚至都没有注意到它。
name-calling:n.骂人,中伤; entrenched:adj.根深蒂固的;v.使处于牢固地位;牢固确立;(entrench的过去式和过去分词) discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲;vi.演说;谈论;讲述;vt.说出;演奏出;
So people often come into our conversations a bit angrily . 人们参与我们的对话时 往往都有些气愤。
angrily:adv.愤怒地;
They say things like, "How can you believe X?" 他们往往带着这样的口吻: “你怎么会相信张三？”
and "How can you read Y?" 和“你怎么会相信那种鬼话？”
and "Can you believe that this happened? 以及“太让人难以置信了！
'" But generally , in this miracle that delights us every time, people begin to introduce themselves. ” 但总的来说,在这个每次 都让我们兴奋不已的奇迹中, 人们开始介绍他们自己。
generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地; miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例; delights:n.高兴; v.使高兴; (delight的第三人称单数和复数)
And they begin to explain who they are and where they come from, and they begin to ask questions of one another. 他们开始解释自己是谁,来自哪里, 并且开始相互问问题。
And slowly, over time, people circle back again and again to difficult topics, each time with a little more empathy , a little more nuance , a little more curiosity. 慢慢的,随着时间推移, 人们循环参与不同的话题, 每次都会更富有同理心, 抓住更多的细微差异, 更好奇。
again and again:adv.再三地,反复地; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; nuance:n.细微差别;
And our journalists and moderators work really hard to support this because it's not a debate , it's not a battle, it's not a Sunday morning talk show . 我们的记者和主持人在努力提供支持, 因为这不是辩论, 不是战争, 这不是周日早间脱口秀。
moderators:n.调解人;调停人;仲裁人;(moderator的复数) debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; talk show:n.脱口秀;
It's not the flinging of talking points. 不是卖弄词藻,
flinging:v.(尤指生气地)扔,掷,抛,丢;气势汹汹地(对某人)说;(fling的现在分词)
It's not the stacking of memes and gifs or articles with headlines that prove a point. 更不应该用堆满表情包和动图 或者带标题的文章来证明自己的观点。
stacking:n.[交]堆垛;v.堆叠,堆积(stack的现在分词); memes:模因(meme的复数);
And it's not about scoring political victories with question traps . 这不是用问题陷阱 赢得政治胜利的套路。
traps:n.陷阱,捕捉器; v.使落入险境; (trap的第三人称单数和复数)
So what we've learned is that our state of discord is bad for everyone. 所以我们了解到,不和谐状态 对所有人都是坏事。
It is a deeply unhappy state of being. 这种状态让所有人都感到沮丧。
And people tell us this again and again. 人们一再告诉我们这点。
They say they appreciate the chance to engage respectfully , with curiosity and with openness, and that they're glad and relieved for a chance to put down their arms. 他们说,他们很感激有机会以尊重、 好奇和开放的态度参与进来, 他们为有机会放下戒备 而感到高兴和宽慰。
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; respectfully:adv.尊敬地; relieved:adj.释然的; v.缓解;
And so we do our work in direct challenge to the political climate in our country right now, and we do it knowing that it is difficult, challenging work to hold and support people in opposing backgrounds in conversation. 因此,我们的工作是直接挑战 我国内目前的政治气候, 我们知道去举办和支持不同背景的人对话 这是一项困难而有挑战性的工作。
opposing:adj.对立的; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的现在分词)
And we do it knowing democracy depends on our ability to address our shared problems together. 我们知道民主取决于我们 一起解决共同问题的能力。
And we do this work by putting community at the heart of our journalistic process, by putting our egos to the side to listen first, to listen deeply, to listen around and through our own biases , our own habits of thought, and to support others in doing the same. 我们做这个工作是通过把社群 放在我们新闻过程的中心, 通过把自我先放在一边, 先倾听,认真倾听, 倾听周围的声音,通过我们的偏见, 我们自己的思维习惯, 并且支持别人也这样做。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; journalistic:adj.新闻业的,新闻工作者的; egos:n.自我(ego的复数); biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式);v.偏见(bias的三单形式);
And we do this work knowing that journalism as an institution is struggling, and that it has always had a role to play and will continue to have a role to play in supporting the exchange of ideas and views. 我们在行动的时候就知道 新闻业面对这个问题一直很挣扎, 它一直需要扮演, 并且要继续扮演 支持交换意见和观点的角色。
institution:n.制度;建立;(社会或宗教等)公共机构;习俗; exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换;
For many of the participants in our groups, there are lasting reverberations . 对我们队伍中的许多参与者而言, 这产生了持续的影响。
participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式); reverberations:n.反响,[声]混响;余韵,反射(reverberation的复数形式);
Many people have become Facebook friends and in-real-life friends too, across political lines. 很多人成为了Facebook的好友 和现实中的好友, 跨越了政治的边界。
After we closed that first Trump/Clinton project, about two-thirds of the women went on to form their own Facebook group and they chose a moderator from each state and they continue to talk about difficult and challenging issues. 在我们关掉第一个川普/希拉里项目后, 大约2/3的女性, 开设了 她们自己的Facebook群组, 并且她们从每个州选了个主持人 去继续讨论分歧和具有挑战的问题。
two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地;
People tell us again and again that they're grateful for the opportunity to be a part of this work, grateful to know that people on the other side aren't crazy, 人们一次又一次地告诉我们, 他们很感激有这个机会 成为这个项目中的一部分, 很庆幸知道另一边的人并非不可理喻,
on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
grateful that they've had a chance to connect with people they wouldn't have otherwise talked to. 很高兴他们有机会能够跟 可能永远都不会去交流的人建立联系。
A lot of what we've seen and learned, despite the fact that we call ourselves Spaceship Media, is not at all rocket science . 尽管我们称自己为宇宙飞船媒体, 但我们看到和学到的很多东西, 并不是什么高深的学问。
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; not at all:毫无;一点也不;不用谢; rocket science:复杂的事;航天器学;
If you call people names, if you label them, if you insult them, they are not inclined to listen to you. 如果你对人出言不逊,如果你给他们 贴上标签, 如果你侮辱他们, 他们就会倾向于对你置之不理。
label:n.标签;标记;谓;唱片公司;v.贴标签于;用标签标明; insult:v.侮辱;辱骂;损害;n.侮辱;凌辱;无礼; inclined:adj.有…倾向; v.(使)倾向于,有…的趋势; (incline的过去分词和过去式)
Snark doesn't help, shame doesn't help, condescension doesn't help. 恶声恶语帮不上忙,羞耻感没有用, 态度傲慢无更是雪上加霜。
Snark:n.蛇鲨; condescension:n.谦虚;屈尊;傲慢态度;纡尊降贵[表不满];
Genuine communication takes practice and effort and restraint and self-awareness . 真正的沟通需要练习、努力、 克制和自我觉悟。
restraint:n.约束;抑制;克制;限制; self-awareness:n.自我意识;
There isn't an algorithm to solve where we are. 没有一个算法可以解决我们现在的处境。
Because real human connection is in fact real human connection. 因为真正的人际关系就是人际关系。
So lead with curiosity, emphasize discussion not debate, get out of your silo , because real connection across difference ... 所以以好奇为指引, 强调讨论而非争执, 避免坐井观天, 因为跨越分歧的真正连接——
emphasize:v.强调;重视;着重;使突出; silo:n.筒仓;青贮窖;飞弹发射井;vt.把…存入青贮窖;把…储存在筒仓内;
this is a salve that our democracy sorely needs. 正是我们民主迫切需要的一剂强心针。
salve:n.药膏;软膏;油膏;vt.使良心得到宽慰;减轻内疚感 sorely:adv.疼痛地;非常;剧烈地;
Thank you. 谢谢。