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EthanNadelmann_2014G-_为什么我们需要结束禁毒战争_
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| What has the War on Drugs done to the world? |
禁毒战争对世界带来了什么影响? |
| Look at the murder and mayhem in Mexico, |
看看在墨西哥、中美州和 |
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mayhem:n.故意的伤害罪;重伤罪;蓄意的破坏;
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| Central America , so many other parts of the planet, the global black market estimated at 300 billion dollars a year, prisons packed in the United States and elsewhere , police and military drawn into an unwinnable war that violates basic rights, and ordinary citizens just hope they don't get caught in the crossfire , and meanwhile , more people using more drugs than ever. |
世界各地的谋杀和打斗; 看看全球每年总值 约三千亿的黑市; 看看美国和其他地方那些人满为患的监狱; 警察和军队被牵扯进入一场打不赢、 并且侵犯基本人权的战争, 还有一班无辜的平民祈求着不要被卷入搏火中。 但与此同时, 吸毒的人 却是前所未有的多。 |
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Central America:n.中美洲(包括危地马拉、伯利兹、洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多、尼加拉瓜、哥斯达黎加以及巴拿马); global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; black market:在黑市卖;做黑市交易; estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; unwinnable:adj.攻不破的;不能取胜的;不能赢得的; violates:违反;亵渎;侵犯; caught in the crossfire:陷入困境; meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时;
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| It's my country's history with alcohol prohibition and Al Capone, times 50. |
这像是我的国家的禁酒令 和打黑的五十倍。 |
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alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料; prohibition:n.禁止;禁令;禁酒;诉讼中止令;
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| Which is why it's particularly galling to me as an American that we've been the driving force behind this global drug war. |
令我感到很难堪的是, 我们美国人正正就是这个 环球反毒战背后的推手。 |
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particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; galling:adj.难堪的;使烦恼的;擦伤人的;
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| Ask why so many countries criminalize drugs they'd never heard of, why the U.N. drug treaties emphasize criminalization over health, even why most of the money worldwide for dealing with drug abuse goes not to helping agencies but those that punish, and you'll find the good old U.S. of A. |
问问那些国家为什么把 他们连听都没听过的药物列为违法? 为什么联合国的药物条约会注重 刑事定罪多于人民的健康? 甚至为什么全世界大部分对付滥用药物的资金 都去了惩治滥药的机构而不是 幫助改善滥药的机构? 你会发现美利坚大国就是背后的答案。 |
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criminalize:vt.宣告…为犯法行为;判定…为非法事件; treaties:n.条约;协定问题(treaty的复数); emphasize:v.强调;重视;着重;使突出; criminalization:刑事定罪; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数);
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| Why did we do this? |
我们为什么要这样做? |
| Some people, especially in Latin America , think it's not really about drugs. |
有些人,特别是在拉丁美洲的人, 认为这并非真正关乎毒品 |
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especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区);
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| It's just a subterfuge for advancing the realpolitik interests of the U.S. |
事实上, 这只不过是一个推进 美国政治利益的托词。 |
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subterfuge:n.托词;借口;诡计; realpolitik:n.现实政治;权力政治;实力政策;
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| But by and large , that's not it. |
但总的来说,又不仅如此。 |
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by and large:大体上,总的来说;
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| We don't want gangsters and guerrillas funded with illegal drug money terrorizing and taking over other nations. |
我们不想黑幫和游击队 有来自非法毒品的资金支持 去恐吓和接管其他国家。 |
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gangsters:n.匪徒;黑帮;诈骗犯(gangster的复数); guerrillas:n.游击队(guerrilla的复数);游击队员;游击战; funded:adj.提供资金的;v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息;(fund的过去式); illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工; terrorizing:v.恐吓;恫吓;威胁;(terrorize的现在分词)
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| No, the fact is, America really is crazy when it comes to drugs. |
不,事实是,当涉及到毒品, 美国真是疯的。 |
| I mean, don't forget, we're the ones who thought that we could prohibit alcohol. |
我的意思是,不要忘了,我们就是那些认为自己 可以禁酒的人。 |
| So think about our global drug war not as any sort of rational policy , but as the international projection of a domestic psychosis . |
所以,不要把全球反毒品战争想成 任何一种理性的政策, 要把它想成一个国家精神病 延伸到了国际。 |
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rational:n.理性;人类;合理的事物;[数]有理数;adj.合理的;理性的;明智的;理智的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; projection:n.投射;规划;突出;发射;推测; domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; psychosis:n.精神病;精神错乱;
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| (Applause) |
(掌声) |
| But here's the good news. |
但这里有个好消息。 |
| Now it's the Russians leading the Drug War and not us. |
现在是俄罗斯在领导反毒战争,而不是我们。 |
| Most politicians in my country want to roll back the Drug War now, put fewer people behind bars , not more, and I'm proud to say as an American that we now lead the world in reforming marijuana policies . |
大多数在我国政治家现在 想在反毒战争上退一步, 判更少的人入狱,而不是更多, 我可以很自豪地说,作为一个美国人 我们现在正领导世界 改革大麻政策。 |
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politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) roll back:n.重算;重新运行;滚回;反绕; behind bars:坐牢;在狱中;在监狱服刑;铁窗之后; reforming:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;(reform的现在分词) marijuana:n.大麻;大麻毒品; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
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| It's now legal for medical purposes in almost half our 50 states, millions of people can purchase their marijuana, their medicine, in government- licensed dispensaries , |
现在,只要是在合法的医疗目的下, 几在乎美国50个州中的一半, 数以百万计的人都可以从政府许可的药店购买 他们的大麻──他们的药物, |
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purchase:n.购买;采购;购买的东西;购买项目;v.购买;采购; licensed:adj.得到许可的;获准拥有的;v.批准;许可(license的过去分词和过去式) dispensaries:n.药房;(学校,兵营或工厂的)诊疗所;防治站;
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| and over half my fellow citizens now say it's time to legally regulate and tax marijuana more or less like alcohol. |
还有超过一半的同胞们说,现在是时候 立法规范大麻和收取税项, 就跟酒精一样。 |
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regulate:v.调节;控制; more or less:或多或少;
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| That's what Colorado and Washington are doing, and Uruguay, and others are sure to follow. |
这就是科罗拉多州和华盛顿正在做的, 还有乌拉圭,其他地方也肯定会跟随。 |
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Colorado:n.科罗拉多;[城]科罗拉多州;科罗拉多河;
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| So that's what I do: work to end the Drug War. |
所以,这就是我做的事: 致力结束反毒品战争。 |
| I think it all started growing up in a fairly religious , moral family, eldest son of a rabbi , going off to university where I smoked some marijuana and I liked it. (Laughter) |
我想这一切始于成长在 一个比较笃信宗教的和注重道德的家庭, 和作为一个犹太教教士的长子, 我去上大学时, 抽了一些大麻 而且很喜欢。 (笑声) |
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fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; eldest:adj.最年长的;年事最高的(old的最高级);n.最年长者; rabbi:n.拉比(犹太人的学者);法师;犹太教律法专家;先生;
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| And I liked drinking too, but it was obvious that alcohol was really the more dangerous of the two, but my friends and I could get busted for smoking a joint . |
我也很喜欢喝酒,但很明显 酒精在两者中真的比较危险, 可是我和我的朋友是有可能会 因为吸大麻而被抓的。 |
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obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; busted:adj.被当场逮住;v.打破;突击搜查;(使)降级;(bust的过去分词和过去式) joint:n.关节; adj.共同的; v.连接,贴合;
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| Now, that hypocrisy kept bugging me, so I wrote my Ph.D dissertation on international drug control. |
这个表里不一的概念不停地缠着我, 所以我写了有关国际药物管制的博士论文。 |
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hypocrisy:n.虚伪;伪善; bugging:v.装窃听器;窃听;使恼怒;(bug的现在分词) dissertation:n.论文,专题;学术演讲;
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| I talked my way into the State Department . |
我找方法进入了国务院。 |
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State Department:n.(美国)国务院;
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| I got a security clearance . |
我得到了安全许可。 |
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clearance:n.清除;空隙;
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| I interviewed hundreds of DEA and other law enforcement agents all around Europe and the Americas, and I'd ask them, "What do you think the answer is?" |
我采访了数百名在欧洲和美洲等地的 药品管制局(DEA)以及执法人员, 我会问他们, “你认为答案是什么？” |
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interviewed:v.对(某人)进行面试(或面谈); (媒体)采访(interview的过去分词和过去式) enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制; agents:n.代理人,经纪人;原动力;(agent的复数)
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| Well, in Latin America, they'd say to me, "You can't really cut off the supply. |
好吧,在拉丁美洲,他们会跟我说, 你真的没法切断供应。 |
| The answer lies back in the U.S., in cutting off the demand." |
答案在于美国, 在于切断需求。 |
| So then I go back home and I talk to people involved in anti-drug efforts there, and they'd say, "You know, Ethan, you can't really cut off the demand. |
于是我回到家乡,我问在那里 参与禁毒工作的人,他们却说, 你知道吗,伊森,您真的无法切断需求。 |
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involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) anti-drug:adj.禁毒的;反毒品的;
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| The answer lies over there. You've got to cut off the supply." |
答案在那边。你一定要切断供应。 |
| Then I'd go and talk to the guys in customs trying to stop drugs at the borders, and they'd say, "You're not going to stop it here. |
然后,我去跟海关那边的家伙聊, 试图在边境阻止毒品进入。 他们说,“你不可能在这里把它停止堵住的。 |
| The answer lies over there, in cutting off supply and demand ." |
答案在于在那边, 在于切断供给和需求。 |
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supply and demand:n.供求关系;
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| And it hit me: |
在那一刻,我终于明白了。 |
| Everybody involved in this thought the answer lay in that area about which they knew the least. |
每个参与的人 都认为答案在另一个领域, 一个他们了解得最少的领域。 |
| So that's when I started reading everything I could about psychoactive drugs: the history, the science, the politics , all of it, and the more one read, the more it hit you how a thoughtful , |
于是我开始阅读一切关于 精神药品的资料: 它的历史、科学、 政治,所有的一切。 而读得越多, 你就会越明白到,一个周到、 |
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psychoactive:adj.影响心理状态的;作用于精神的; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) thoughtful:adj.深思的;体贴的;关切的;
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| enlightened , intelligent approach took you over here, whereas the politics and laws of my country were taking you over here. |
开明、聪明的方法会把你带到这里, 而我国的政治和法律 则会带你到这里。 |
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enlightened:adj.开明的; v.启发; (enlighten的过去分词和过去式) intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之;
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| And that disparity struck me as this incredible intellectual and moral puzzle . |
这个差异让我很吃惊,这实在是个令人难以置信的 智力和道德难题。 |
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disparity:n.不同;不一致;不等; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的; puzzle:n.谜;疑问;智力游戏;不解之谜;v.迷惑;使困惑;
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| There's probably never been a drug-free society. |
可能从来就没有过 一个没有毒品的社会。 |
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drug-free:没有吸毒现象的,不吸毒的;
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| Virtually every society has ingested psychoactive substances to deal with pain, increase our energy, socialize , even commune with God. |
几乎每一个社会 都有在用精神药物, 有的用来对付疼痛,增加精力,社交应酬, 有的甚至是用来与神沟通。 |
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Virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; ingested:v.摄入;食入;咽下(ingest的过去分词和过去式) substances:n.[物]物质;基本内容;物品药物(substance的复数); socialize:v.使社会化;使社会主义化;交际;参与社交; commune:vi.谈心,亲密交谈;密切联系;n.公社;
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| Our desire to alter our consciousness may be as fundamental as our desires for food, companionship and sex. |
我们追求改变自我意识的欲望, 可能是就追求温饱、 陪伴和性一样基本。 |
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alter:v.更改;修改(衣服使更合身); consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; companionship:n.友谊;陪伴;交谊;
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| So our true challenge is to learn how to live with drugs so they cause the least possible harm and in some cases the greatest possible benefit. |
因此,我们真正的挑战 是学习如何和药物共存, 使它引起尽可能少的危害, 并且在某些情况下带来最大的益处。 |
| I'll tell you something else I learned, that the reason some drugs are legal and others not has almost nothing to do with science or health or the relative risk of drugs, and almost everything to do with who uses and who is perceived to use particular drugs. |
让我告诉你们我所学到的另一件事, 之所以有些药物是合法,有些则不是的原因, 跟科学、健康或药物的相对风险 几乎没有任何关系; 而是跟谁在使用, 或是谁被认为在使用某种药物有关。 |
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relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物; perceived:v.注意到;意识到;将…视为;认为;(perceive的过去式和过去分词)
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| In the late 19th century, when most of the drugs that are now illegal were legal, the principal consumers of opiates in my country and others were middle-aged white women, using them to alleviate aches and pains when few other analgesics were available. |
在19世纪后期, 当大多数现在是非法药物还是合法的时候, 在我国和其他国家的鸦片的主要消费者 是中年的白人妇女, 她们用鸦片来缓解疼痛, 当时很少有其他的止痛药可用。 |
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principal:adj.主要的;资本的;n.首长;校长;资本;当事人; consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) opiates:n.[毒物][药]鸦片剂; v.用鸦片制剂治疗; middle-aged:adj.中年的;具有中年人特点的;适合于中年人的; alleviate:v.减轻,缓和; analgesics:n.[药]镇痛药;止痛剂(analgesic的复数形式);
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| And nobody thought about criminalizing it back then because nobody wanted to put Grandma behind bars. |
当时没有人想过把它定为刑事犯罪, 因为没有人希望把奶奶关在监牢里。 |
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criminalizing:vt.宣告…为犯法行为;判定…为非法事件;
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| But when hundreds of thousands of Chinese started showing up in my country, working hard on the railroads and the mines and then kicking back in the evening just like they had in the old country with a few puffs on that opium pipe, |
但是,当成千上万的中国人 开始出现在我的国家, 在铁路和矿山上打拼, 然后晚上放鬆一下, 就像他们在故乡时那样 吸上几口大烟的时候, |
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old country:n.祖国;故国; puffs:v.吸,抽;使喷出;气喘吁吁;n.少量;千层酥;泡芙;(puff的第三人称单数和复数) opium:n.鸦片;麻醉剂;adj.鸦片的;
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| that's when you saw the first drug prohibition laws in California and Nevada, driven by racist fears of Chinese transforming white women into opium-addicted sex slaves. |
你看到在加利福尼亚州和内华达州的 第一条禁毒法出现了。 因为那些有种族歧视的人担心 中国人会把白人妇女变成 鸦片成瘾的性奴隶。 |
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racist:n.种族主义者;种族主义的; transforming:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);使改观;(transform的现在分词)
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| The first cocaine prohibition laws, similarly prompted by racist fears of black men sniffing that white powder and forgetting their proper place in Southern society. |
而第一条禁止可卡因的法律,也是由那些有种族歧视 的人所提倡的,他们怕黑人嗅了那白色粉末以后, 会忘记自己在南方社会的 适当位置。 |
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cocaine:n.[药]可卡因; similarly:adv.同样地;类似于; prompted:v.促使;导致;提示;给(演员)提词;(prompt的过去分词和过去式) sniffing:v.抽鼻子;嗅,闻;抱怨;(sniff的现在分词) powder:n.粉末;细面;扑面粉;美容粉;v.傅粉;抹粉;
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| And the first marijuana prohibition laws, all about fears of Mexican migrants in the West and the Southwest. |
还有第一条禁止大麻的法律, 同样是和在西部和西南地区 对墨西哥移民的恐惧有关。 |
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migrants:n.移民;移居者;候鸟(migrant的复数形式);
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| And what was true in my country, is true in so many others as well, with both the origins of these laws and their implementation . |
而这些在我的国家的真相, 在别的地方也如是, 那些法律的起源和 执行都是这样的。 |
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origins:n.起源; (origin的复数) implementation:n.[计]实现;履行;安装启用;
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| Put it this way, and I exaggerate only slightly : |
这样说好了, 我就誇张一点说, |
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exaggerate:v.夸大;夸张;言过其实; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
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| If the principal smokers of cocaine were affluent older white men and the principal consumers of Viagra were poor young black men, then smokable cocaine would be easy to get with a prescription from your doctor and selling Viagra would get you five to 10 years behind bars. |
如果可卡因的主要吸食者, 都是一些有钱的白人老头, 而伟哥的主要消费者, 都是贫穷的年轻黑人男子, 那么, 拿到烟用可卡因将会比得到你医生的处方更容易 而出售伟哥将会让你坐5到10年的牢。 |
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affluent:adj.富裕的;丰富的;流畅的;n.支流;富人; Viagra:n.伟哥(一种治疗阳痿的药,壮阳药);万艾可; prescription:n.处方;药方;医生开的药;开处方;
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| I used to be a professor teaching about this. |
我曾经是一个教这方面的教授。 |
| Now I'm an activist , a human rights activist , and what drives me is my shame at living in an otherwise great nation that has less than five percent of the world's population but almost 25 percent of the world's incarcerated population. |
现在,我是一个积极分子,一名人权运动积极分子, 而背后驱使我的动力是惭愧, 我生活在一个原本很伟大的国家, 我国家的人口占不到世界人口的5%, 被关押的人口却几乎是全球被监禁人口的25%。 |
|
activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子; incarcerated:v.监禁;关押;禁闭;(incarcerate的过去式和过去分词)
|
| It's the people I meet who have lost someone they love to drug-related violence or prison or overdose or AIDS because our drug policies emphasize criminalization over health. |
我所遇到的人, 曾因为 与毒品有关的暴力事件、监禁、吸食过量或爱滋病 而失去了他们的所爱, 这都归咎于我们那重视刑责 多于健康的药物政策。 |
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violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; overdose:n.(一次用药)过量;v.一次用药过量;
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| It's good people who have lost their jobs, their homes, their freedom, even their children to the state, not because they hurt anyone but solely because they chose to use one drug instead of another. |
他们是好人, 他们失去工作、 房子、自由,甚至于孩子的原因, 不是因为他们伤害了谁, 而仅仅是因为他们选择了某一种药物, 而不是另一种。 |
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solely:adv.单独地,唯一地;
|
| So is legalization the answer? |
所以合法化是我们要找的答案吗？ |
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legalization:n.[法]合法化;法律认可;
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| On that, I'm torn: three days a week I think yes, three days a week I think no, and on Sundays I'm agnostic . |
关于这一点, 我实在左右为难; 一个星期中有三天我认为是这样的,有三天我又认为不是, 然后在周日我是个不可知论者。 |
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agnostic:n.不可知论者;adj.不可知论的;
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| But since today is Tuesday, let me just say that legally regulating and taxing most of the drugs that are now criminalized would radically reduce the crime, violence, corruption and black markets, |
由于今天是星期二, 就让我说:合法地管制和征税 大多数现在被列为非法的药物 会大大减少犯罪、暴力、 贪污、黑市、 |
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regulating:vt.调节;校正(regulate的现在分词); criminalized:vt.宣告…为犯法行为;判定…为非法事件; radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落;
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| and the problems of adulterated and unregulated drugs, and improve public safety, and allow taxpayer resources to be developed to more useful purposes. |
以及掺假和不受管制药物的问题, 并提高公众的安全, 允许纳税人的资源 用来开发更有用的目的。 |
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adulterated:adj.掺入次级品的;v.在…中掺入杂质(adulterate的过去分词); unregulated:adj.未经调节的;[仪]未校准的; improve:v.改进;改善; taxpayer:n.纳税人;所收租金只够支付地产税的建筑物; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
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| I mean, look, the markets in marijuana, cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine are global commodities markets just like the global markets in alcohol, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and so many other things. |
我的意思是,你看,大麻、可卡因、 海洛因和甲基苯丙胺的市场, 是全球性的商品市场, 就像跟全球的酒精、烟草、 咖啡、糖和许多其他的市场一样。 |
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heroin:n.[药][毒物]海洛因,吗啡; methamphetamine:n.甲基苯丙胺;脱氧麻黄碱; commodities:n.商品(commodity的复数);日用品;商品期货;
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| Where there is a demand, there will be a supply. |
哪里有需求, 哪里就有供应。 |
| Knock out one source and another inevitably emerges . |
赶绝了一个源头, 另一个源头 还是会不可避免地出现。 |
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Knock out:n.淘汰赛;引人注目的人或物;将对方击倒而获胜的一击; inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地; emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露;
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| People tend to think of prohibition as the ultimate form of regulation when in fact it represents the abdication of regulation with criminals filling the void . |
人们往往认为,禁止 是最终极的规管方法, 而事实上,它代表的是规管退位, 并由罪犯去填补这个空缺。 |
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ultimate:adj.最终的;极限的;根本的;n.终极;根本;基本原则; regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的; represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) abdication:n.辞职;退位; void:adj.空的;无效的;无人的;n.空虚;空间;空隙;v.使无效;排放;
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| Which is why putting criminal laws and police front and center in trying to control a dynamic global commodities market is a recipe for disaster . |
这就是为什么把刑法和警察 放在前线和中心来试图控制 一个瞬息万变的全球性商品市场 是一个灾难。 |
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dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; recipe:n.食谱;方法;诀窍;烹饪法; disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸;
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| And what we really need to do is to bring the underground drug markets as much as possible aboveground and regulate them as intelligently as we can to minimize both the harms of drugs and the harms of prohibitionist policies. |
而我们真正需要做的 是把地下的毒品交易市场 尽可能带上地面, 尽我们所能明智地规范它, 以减少药物以及 禁制政策带来的危害。 |
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aboveground:v.在地面上; adj.未葬的; n.合法天地; intelligently:adv.聪明地,明智地; minimize:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要; prohibitionist:n.禁酒主义者;
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| Now, with marijuana, that obviously means legally regulating and taxing it like alcohol. |
现在,大麻显然意味着 像酒精般依法规范和征税。 |
| The benefits of doing so are enormous , the risks minimal . |
这样做的好处很大,风险极小。 |
|
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; minimal:adj.最低的;最小限度的;
|
| Will more people use marijuana? |
会有更多的人使用大麻吗？ |
| Maybe, but it's not going to be young people, because it's not going to be legalized for them, and quite frankly, they already have the best access to marijuana. |
也许吧,但不会是年轻人, 因为对他们来说大麻不会被合法化, 而且坦白的说,他们已经有 拿到大麻的最佳途径了。 |
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legalized:合法的;
|
| I think it's going to be older people. |
我认为这将会是上了年纪的人。 |
| It's going to be people in their 40s and 60s and 80s who find they prefer a little marijuana to that drink in the evening or the sleeping pill or that it helps with their arthritis or diabetes |
会是40多岁、60多岁 和80多岁的人发现自己宁愿吸点大麻 来代替在晚上喝一杯或吃安眠药, 或者是用它来舒缓他们的关节炎或糖尿病, |
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prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升; sleeping pill:n.[医]安眠药; arthritis:n.[外科]关节炎; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症;
|
| or maybe helps spice up a long-term marriage. (Laughter) |
又或者用来为老夫老妻的婚姻生活增添点情趣。 （笑声） |
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spice:v.在…中加香料; n.(调味)香料; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
|
| And that just might be a net public health benefit. |
这对公众健康也将会有莫大的益处。 |
| As for the other drugs, look at Portugal, where nobody goes to jail for possessing drugs, and the government's made a serious commitment to treating addiction as a health issue . |
至于其他药物, 看葡萄牙,在那里,没有人会因为 藏有毒品被抓去坐牢, 政府作出了郑重承诺, 会把上瘾是看作一个健康问题来治疗。 |
|
jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱; possessing:占有;支配(possess的现在分词); commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺; treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
|
| Look at Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, |
再看看瑞士、德国、荷兰、 |
| Denmark, England, where people who have been addicted to heroin for many years and repeatedly tried to quit and failed can get pharmaceutical heroin and helping services in medical clinics , and the results are in: |
丹麦和英国,在这些地方, 那些对海洛因上瘾多年, 多次试图戒毒但失败的人, 可以在医疗诊所获得药用海洛因和缓助, 而成果是: |
|
addicted:adj.上瘾的;上瘾;成瘾;有瘾;入迷; repeatedly:adv.反复地;再三地;屡次地; quit:v.离开;放弃;停止;使…解除;n.离开;[计]退出;adj.摆脱了…的;已经了结的; pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的;n.药物; clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式);
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| Illegal drug abuse and disease and overdoses and crime and arrests all go down, health and well-being improve, taxpayers benefit, and many drug users even put their addictions behind them. |
非法滥用药物、疾病、 药物过量、犯罪和拘捕统统下降, 健康和福祉有所提高, 纳税人受益, 许多吸毒者甚至放下了毒瘾。 |
|
disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; overdoses:vt.配药过量; n.药量过多(等于overdosage); vi.服药过量; well-being:n.幸福;康乐; taxpayers:n.纳税人(taxpayer的复数); addictions:成瘾;
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| Look at New Zealand , which recently enacted a law allowing certain recreational drugs to be sold legally provided their safety had been established . |
新西兰最近颁布了一项法律, 允许某些软性毒品被合法销售, 前提是已确认其安全性。 |
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Zealand:西兰岛(丹麦最大的岛) recently:adv.最近;新近; enacted:n.制定,颁布; recreational:adj.娱乐的,消遣的;休养的; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式)
|
| Look here in Brazil , and some other countries, where a remarkable psychoactive substance, ayahuasca , can be legally bought and consumed provided it's done so within a religious context . |
看看巴西这里和一些其他国家, 死藤水 这个值得注意的精神药物, 可以合法购买和服用。 只要是在宗教背景下使用。 |
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Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的; ayahuasca:n.死藤水(用南美一种藤本植物的根泡制而成有致幻作用的饮料); consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式) context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
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| Look in Bolivia and Peru, where all sorts of products made from the coca leaf, the source of cocaine, are sold legally over the counter with no apparent harm to people's public health. |
再看在玻利维亚和秘鲁, 各种由古柯叶制成产品, 可卡因的来源, 都可在无需处方的商店合法销售, 而这样做并没有对人民的公众健康带来明显的危害。 |
|
apparent:adj.显然的;表面上的;
|
| I mean, don't forget, Coca-Cola had cocaine in it until 1900, and so far as we know was no more addictive than Coca-Cola is today. |
我的意思是,不要忘记,可口可乐直到1900年都还含有可卡因, 但到目前为止,没有人觉得它比今时今日的 可口可乐更容易令人上瘾。 |
|
Coca-Cola:n.可口可乐(美国饮料公司); so far as:只要;就…而言;在…范围内; addictive:adj.使人上瘾的;使人入迷的;
|
| Conversely , think about cigarettes: |
相反地,想想香烟: |
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Conversely:adv.相反地;
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| Nothing can both hook you and kill you like cigarettes. |
没有东西比香烟更能令你上瘾和将你置诸死地的了。 |
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hook:n.钩;挂钩;鱼钩;钓钩;v.挂住;箍住;钓(鱼);打曲线球;
|
| When researchers ask heroin addicts what's the toughest drug to quit, most say cigarettes. |
当研究人员问海洛因成瘾者 什么是最难戒掉的药物时,大多数人说是香烟。 |
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addicts:有瘾的人;对...入迷的人(addict的复数);
|
| Yet in my country and many others, half of all the people who were ever addicted to cigarettes have quit without anyone being arrested or put in jail or sent to a " treatment program" |
然而,在我的国家和许多其他国家, 半数曾对香烟上瘾 后来成功戒烟的人, 都没有被逮捕或入狱, 或被檢察官或法官 |
|
treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
|
| by a prosecutor or a judge. |
送到“治疗计划”中。 |
|
prosecutor:n.检察官;公诉人;[法]起诉人;实行者;
|
| What did it were higher taxes and time and place restrictions on sale and use and effective anti-smoking campaigns. |
使戒烟成功的原因是高税收, 还有对销售和使用的时间地点作出限制, 以及有效的反吸烟运动。 |
|
restrictions:n.限制规定;限制;约束;制约因素;(restriction的复数) effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
|
| Now, could we reduce smoking even more by making it totally illegal? Probably. |
现在,我们可以通过把吸烟列为非法 来进一步减少吸烟吗? 或许吧。 |
| But just imagine the drug war nightmare that would result. |
但试想将会导致的 禁毒战争噩梦。 |
|
nightmare:n.恶梦;梦魇般的经历;adj.可怕的;噩梦似的;
|
| So the challenges we face today are twofold . |
因此,我们今天面临的挑战 是有两方面的。 |
|
twofold:adj.双重的;两倍的;adv.双重地;两倍地;
|
| The first is the policy challenge of designing and implementing alternatives to ineffective prohibitionist policies, even as we need to get better at regulating and living with the drugs that are now legal. |
首先是政策上的挑战, 我们要制定和实施有效的替代方案 来取代禁止政策, 我们还要对这些现在合法的药物 作出更好的规范以及学会和它们共存。 |
|
implementing:n.实施,执行;实现;v.贯彻,执行(implement的现在分词); alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数) ineffective:adj.无效的,失效的;不起作用的;
|
| But the second challenge is tougher, because it's about us. |
第二个挑战更是艰难, 因为它是关于我们的。 |
| The obstacles to reform lie not just out there in the power of the prison industrial complex or other vested interests that want to keep things the way they are, but within each and every one of us. |
改革的障碍不只在于 监狱的工業的力量, 或其他想保住自己既得利益的人希望 一切保留本来的样子, 而是在于我们每一个人。 |
|
obstacles:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;(obstacle的复数形式) industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; vested:v.给予;授予某人某种权力;归属;(vest的过去式)adj.既定的;穿着祭服的
|
| It's our fears and our lack of knowledge and imagination that stands in the way of real reform. |
我们的恐惧、缺乏了解、 还有我们的想像力才是真正改革之路上的障碍。 |
|
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; in the way of:妨碍;关于…方面;
|
| And ultimately , I think that boils down to the kids, and to every parent's desire to put our baby in a bubble , and the fear that somehow drugs will pierce that bubble and put our young ones at risk. |
我认为这归根究底都是因为孩子, 因为每一位家长都希望把我们的宝贝放在一个泡泡裏受保护, 我们对毒品有种莫明的恐惧,害怕它会刺破这个泡泡, 把我们的年轻的一辈置身在危险之中。 |
|
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情); somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; pierce:v.穿透;扎;刺破;穿过;n.皮尔斯;
|
| In fact, sometimes it seems like the entire |
其实,有时候看来 |
| War on Drugs gets justified as one great big child protection act, which any young person can tell you it's not. |
整个反毒战争好像很合理, 因为它是个伟大的儿童保护法案, 但任何年轻的人都可以告诉你,事实并非如此。 |
|
justified:adj.正当的; v.证明…正确; (justify的过去式和过去分词) young person:n.(14至17岁的)青少年;
|
| So here's what I say to teenagers. |
因此,这是我对青少年说的。 |
| First, don't do drugs. |
第一,不要吸毒。 |
| Second, don't do drugs. |
第二,不要吸毒。 |
| Third, if you do do drugs, there's some things I want you to know, because my bottom line as your parent is, come home safely at the end of the night and grow up and lead a healthy and good adulthood . |
第三,如果你要吸毒, 有一些事情,我想让你知道, 因为,我作为你父母的底线是, 晚上平平安安回到家, 好好长大,过一个健康、美好的成年。 |
|
bottom line:n.底线;归根结底;账本底线,盈亏一览结算线; adulthood:n.成年;成人期;
|
| That's my drug education mantra : Safety first. |
这是我对药物教育的口头禅:安全第一。 |
|
mantra:n.咒语(尤指四吠陀经典内作为咒文或祷告唱念的);颂歌;
|
| So this is what I've dedicated my life to, to building an organization and a movement of people who believe we need to turn our backs on the failed prohibitions of the past |
所以,这就是我一生致力做的事: 建立一个组织和推动一个运动, 我们相信要放下 过去失败的禁令, |
|
dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式) organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; prohibitions:n.禁止;禁例(prohibition的复数);
|
| and embrace new drug policies grounded in science, compassion , health and human rights, where people who come from across the political spectrum and every other spectrum as well, where people who love our drugs, people who hate drugs, and people who don't give a damn about drugs, |
接受以科学、爱心、健康 和人权为本的新药物政策, 我们的人来自不同政治派别 和拥有各种不同的背景, 有喜欢毒品的人, 痛恨毒品的人, 还有也不在乎毒品问题的人, |
|
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括; compassion:n.同情;怜悯; spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象; damn:v.谴责;该死;n.诅咒;adj.可恶的;
|
| but every one of us believes that this War on Drugs, this backward , heartless , disastrous War on Drugs, has got to end. |
但我们每个人都认为,这个落后的、 无情的、灾难性的禁毒战争 必须结束。 |
|
backward:adj.向后的;反向的;发展迟缓的;adv.向后地;相反地; heartless:adj.无情的;无勇气的; disastrous:adj.灾难性的;损失惨重的;悲伤的;
|
| Thank you. |
|
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Thank you. Thank you. |
谢谢。谢谢。 |
| Chris Anderson: Ethan, congrats — quite the reaction . |
克里斯·安德森:伊森, 恭喜 - 反应相当的热烈。 |
|
congrats:n.祝贺;祝贺词;(congratulations的缩略形式) reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
|
| That was a powerful talk. |
真是一个震撼的演讲, |
| Not quite a complete standing O, though, and I'm guessing that some people here and maybe a few watching online, maybe someone knows a teenager or a friend or whatever who got sick, maybe died from some drug overdose. |
快要都起立鼓掌了, 我猜在座的观众中 还有可能在线观看的人裏, 会有人认识身边的青少年或朋友 或其他人因为毒品而生病 甚至于因为滥药而去世的。 |
| I'm sure you've had these people approach you before. |
我敢肯定,之前有这些人找过你。 |
| What do you say to them? |
你怎样对他们说呢？ |
|
What do you say:你说…怎么样？;
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| Ethan Nadelmann: Chris, the most amazing thing that's happened of late is that I've met a growing number of people who have actually lost a sibling or a child to a drug overdose, |
伊森. Nadelmann:克里斯,最近所发生最让人惊喜的事 就是我碰到越来越多的的人, 那些有兄弟姐妹或子女 因为滥药而死的人, |
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sibling:n.兄弟姊妹;民族成员;
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| and 10 years ago, those people just wanted to say, let's line up all the drug dealers and shoot them and that will solve it. |
在10年前的话,那些人会告诉你, 把毒贩们排成一排拉去枪毙, 这就是解决问题的办法。 |
| And what they've come to understand is that the Drug War did nothing to protect their kids. |
而他们渐渐明白的是 禁毒战争并没有保护到他们的孩子。 |
| If anything, it made it more likely that those kids were put at risk. |
如果有做什么的话,它所做的是使 这些孩子们更容易处于危险之中。 |
| And so they're now becoming part of this drug policy reform movement. |
因此,他们现在成为了这个 药物政策改革运动的一份子。 |
| There's other people who have kids, one's addicted to alcohol, the other one's addicted to cocaine or heroin, and they ask themselves the question: |
有一些其他的家长, 一个孩子嗜酒, 另一个可卡因或海洛因上瘾, 他们问自己这样一个问题: |
| Why does this kid get to take one step at a time and try to get better and that one's got to deal with jail and police and criminals all the time? |
为什么一个孩子可以一步一步 努力变得更好, 而另一个则总要去面对入狱、 警察和罪犯呢? |
| So everybody's understanding, the Drug War's not protecting anybody. |
因此大家理解了, 禁毒战争其实没有在保护任何人。 |
| CA: Certainly in the U.S., you've got political gridlock on most issues . |
CA:无疑在美国,在大多数问题上 都有着政治僵局。 |
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gridlock:vi.交通阻塞;n.僵局;极端严重的全面交通壅塞; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Is there any realistic chance of anything actually shifting on this issue in the next five years? |
这议题在未来五年内有所进展 的实际机会大吗? |
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realistic:adj.现实的;现实主义的;逼真的;实在论的; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
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| EN: I'd say it's quite remarkable. I'm getting all these calls from journalists now who are saying to me, "Ethan, it seems like the only two issues advancing politically in America right now are marijuana law reform and gay marriage. |
EN:我会说这是十分显着的。我总会接一些电话, 记者会跟我说: 伊森, 似乎在美国政治上 唯一在前进的两个议题 就是大麻政策改革和同性恋婚姻了。 |
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journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数); politically:adv.政治上;
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| What are you doing right?" |
你在做什么吗？ |
| And then you're looking at bipartisanship breaking out with, actually, Republicans in the Congress and state legislatures allowing bills to be enacted with majority Democratic support, so we've gone from being sort of the third rail, the most fearful issue of American politics, to becoming one of the most successful. |
然后你看到两党打破隔阂合作, 事实上,是共和党在国会 和各州议会让法案颁布, 然后大多数民主党都支持, 毒品这个议题, 由一个不能踩的雷区, 美国政治中最可怕的问题, 变为了最成功的一项。 |
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bipartisanship:n.两党合作;两党制; Republicans:n.共和党,共和党员;(republican的复数形式) Congress:n.国会;代表大会;会议;社交; legislatures:n.立法机关(legislature的复数); majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: Democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的;
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| CA: Ethan, thank you so much for coming to TEDGlobal. EN: Chris, thanks so much. |
CA:伊森,非常感谢你前来TEDGlobal。EN:克里斯,非常感谢。 |
| CA: Thank you. EN: Thank you. (Applause) |
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