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EssamDaod_2018U-_我们如何为难民提供心理健康援助_
For the last two and a half years, 在过去两年半的时间里,
I'm one of the few, if not the only, child psychiatrist operating in refugee camps, shorelines and rescue boats in Greece and the Mediterranean Sea. 我是为数不多的,如果不是唯一 在希腊和地中海的难民营,海岸线 和救援船中工作的儿童精神病学家。
psychiatrist:n.精神病学家,精神病医生; refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的; shorelines:n.海岸线;海岸线地带; rescue:n.救援;抢救;营救;获救;v.抢救;营救;援救; Mediterranean:n.地中海;adj.地中海的;
And I can say, with great confidence , that we are witnessing a mental-health catastrophe that will affect most of us, and it will change our world. 我可以确信地说 我们正在目睹的这场心理健康灾难 将会影响我们大多数人,并改变我们的世界。
confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; witnessing:v.当场看到,目击;是发生…的地点;见证;(witness的现在分词) mental-health:n.心理健康;心理卫生; catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败;
I live in Haifa, but nowadays, I spend most of my time abroad . 我住在海法,但现在我大部分时间都在海外。
abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国;
During my time on the Greek island of Lesbos and on the rescue boats in the Mediterranean, thousands of refugee boats arrived to the shoreline, crowded with more than 1.5 million refugees . 在希腊莱斯博斯岛的那段时间 以及在地中海的救援船上, 数千艘难民船抵达海岸线, 挤满多达150万的难民。
Lesbos:n.莱斯博斯岛(即希腊的米蒂利尼岛); refugees:n.避难者;逃亡者;难民;(refugee的复数)
One-fourth of them are children, fleeing war and hardship . 其中1/4是儿童, 他们逃离战争和苦难。
fleeing:v.迅速离开;逃避,逃跑;(flee的现在分词) hardship:n.艰难;困苦;拮据;
Each boat carries different sufferings and traumas from Syria , Iraq, Afganistan and different countries in Africa. 每艘船都装载着不同的痛苦和创伤, 来自叙利亚、伊拉克、阿富汗和非洲的不同国家。
traumas:n.外伤;精神创伤(trauma的复数); Syria:n.叙利亚共和国;
In the last three years alone, more than 12,000 refugees lost their lives. 仅在过去三年, 就有超过12,000位难民死去。
And hundreds of thousands lost their souls and their mental health due to this cruel and traumatic experience. 成千上万的人则失去了灵魂和精神健康, 因为这些残酷而痛苦的经历。
I want to tell you about Omar, a five-year-old Syrian refugee boy who arrived to the shore on Lesbos on a crowded rubber boat. 我想告诉你们奥马尔的故事, 一位5岁的叙利亚难民 乘坐一艘拥挤的橡皮艇抵达莱斯博斯岛的海岸。
Syrian:adj.叙利亚的;叙利亚人的;叙利亚语的;n.叙利亚人;叙利亚语; rubber:n.橡胶;橡皮;v.涂橡胶于…;
Crying, frightened , unable to understand what's happening to him, he was right on the verge of developing a new trauma. 哭泣,害怕,无法理解发生了什么, 他正处于产生新创伤的边缘。
frightened:adj.害怕的;受惊的;惊吓的;v.使惊吓;使惊恐;(frighten的过去分词和过去式) on the verge of:濒临于;接近于;
I knew right away that this was a golden hour, a short period of time in which I could change his story, 我清楚知道这是黄金时间, 这段短短的时间可以改变他的故事。
right away:立刻;
I could change the story that he would tell himself for the rest of his life. 我能够改变这个 余生他会告诉自己的故事。
I could reframe his memories. 我可以重塑他的记忆。
reframe:v.再构造,再组织;重新制订;给…装上新框架;
I quickly held out my hands and said to his shaking mother in Arabic, 我马上伸出双手,用阿拉伯语对他颤抖的母亲说:
(Arabic) "Ateeni elwalad o khudi nafas." (阿拉伯语) Ateeni elwalad o khudi nafas.
'"Give me the boy, and take a breath." “把孩子给我,放松呼吸下”。
His mother gave him to me. 他妈妈把他抱给我。
Omar looked at me with scared, tearful eyes and said, 奥马尔用惧怕的泪眼看着我说:
tearful:adj.含泪的;令人伤心的;
(Arabic) " Ammo (uncle in Arabic), shu hada?" (阿拉伯语) Ammo (uncle in Arabic), shu hada?
Ammo:n.弹药;军火;
'"What is this?" “那是什么？”
as he pointed out to the police helicopter hovering above us. 他指着正在我们上方盘旋的直升机问。
hovering:v.翱翔;盘旋;踌躇;靠近(某事物);处于不稳定状态(hover的现在分词)
'"It's a helicopter! “那是直升机！
It's here to photograph you with big cameras, because only the great and the powerful heroes, like you, Omar, can cross the sea." 他正用大相机给你拍照呢, 因为只有最伟大和强大的英雄, 比如你,奥马尔,才能穿越大海。“
Omar looked at me, stopped crying and asked me, 奥马尔看着我,停止了哭泣问我:
(Arabic) "Ana batal?" (阿拉伯语) Ana batal?
'"I'm a hero?" “我是英雄？”
I talked to Omar for 15 minutes. 我跟奥马尔谈了15分钟,
And I gave his parents some guidance to follow. 并给他父母一些后续的指导意见。
This short psychological intervention decreases the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health issues in the future, preparing Omar to get an education, join the workforce , raise a family and beyond. 这个简短的精神干预 可以减少创伤后应激障碍的患病率 以及未来的其他心理健康问题, 为奥马尔接受教育, 工作和抚养家庭等做好准备。
psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍; decreases:减少(decrease的复数); prevalence:n.流行;普遍;广泛; post-traumatic stress disorder:n.创伤后精神紧张性障碍; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工;
How? “怎么做？”
By stimulating the good memories that will be stored in the amygdala , the emotional storage of the human brain. 通过刺激储存在杏仁核中的美好记忆, 存储在人类大脑的情感,
stimulating:adj.激励人的; v.促进; (stimulate的现在分词) amygdala:n.[解剖]杏仁核;扁桃腺;苦巴旦杏; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
These memories will fight the traumatic ones, if they are reactivated in the future. 这些记忆会与创伤性的记忆斗争, 如果它们在将来被重新激活。
reactivated:adj.再活化的;v.再活化;再生(reactivate的过去式);
To Omar, the smell of the sea will not just remind him of his traumatic journey from Syria. 对奥马尔来说,大海的气息不只会让他想起 他从叙利亚过来的痛苦旅程。
remind:v.提醒;使想起; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
Because to Omar, this story is now a story of bravery . 因为对奥马尔而言,这个经历现在已经变成了勇敢的故事。
bravery:n.勇敢;勇气;
This is the power of the golden hour, which can reframe the trauma and establish a new narrative . 这就是黄金时间的力量, 它可以重塑创伤并建立一个新的叙述。
establish:v.创立;设立;建立;确立;使立足;查实; narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的;
But Omar is only one out of more than 350,000 children without the proper mental health support in this crisis alone. 但奥马尔只是其中一个,这场危机中没有获得 合适心理健康支援的超过35万儿童。
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
Three hundred and fifty thousand children and me. 35万儿童和我。
We need mental health professionals to join rescue teams during times of active crisis. 我们需要心理健康专家 在危机期间加入救援队伍。
professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数);
This is why my wife and I and friends co-founded " Humanity Crew." 这就是我和我的妻子和朋友 共同创立“人性救护队”的原因。
Humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
One of the few aid organizations in the world that specializes in providing psychosocial aid and first-response mental health interventions to refugees and displaced populations. 这个世界上少数几个 专门提供心理援助, 并第一时间给难民和流离失所的人们 提供心理健康干预的组织。
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; specializes:v.专门研究(或从事);专攻;(specialize的第三人称单数) psychosocial:adj.社会心理的;心理社会学的; interventions:n.[法]干预,干涉;处置(intervention的复数); displaced:v.取代;替代;置换;迫使(某人)离开家园;转移;(displace的过去式和过去分词)
To provide them with a suitable intervention, we create the four-step approach , a psychosocial work plan that follows the refugees on each step of their journey. 为给他们提供适当的干预, 我们创建了四步方法,一个跟随难民旅途 每一个环节的心理工作计划。
suitable:adj.合适的;适宜的;适当的;适用的; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
Starting inside the sea, on the rescue boats, as mental health lifeguards . 从海上的救援船开始 扮演心理健康救生员的角色。
lifeguards:n.救生员;警卫;vt.护卫,保护;vi.当救生员;
Later in the camps, hospitals and through our online clinic that breaks down borders and overcomes languages. 随后到难民营,医院和我们的在线诊所 去打破国界和克服语言障碍,
clinic:n.诊所;临床实习;(医院的)门诊部;门诊时间; overcomes:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
And ending in the asylum countries, helping them integrate . 最终到庇护国,帮助他们融入社会。
asylum:n.庇护;收容所,救济院; integrate:v.成为一体;(使)加入;adj.完全的;
Since our first mission in 2015, "Humanity Crew" had 194 delegations of qualified , trained volunteers and therapists . 自2015年首次任务以来, “人性救护队”一共派出194个 受过专业训练的志愿者和治疗师组成的代表团。
mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; delegations:委托;代表团; qualified:adj.有资格的; v.合格; (qualify的过去分词和过去式) volunteers:n.志愿者; v.自愿做; (volunteer的第三人称单数和复数) therapists:n.治疗专家(therapist的复数);
We have provided 26,000 hours of mental health support to over 10,000 refugees. 我们提供的心理健康支持时长超过26,000小时, 服务超过10,000名难民。
provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
We can all do something to prevent this mental health catastrophe. 我们都可以做点什么来防止这种精神疾病的灾难。
We need to acknowledge that first aid is not just needed for the body, but it has also to include the mind, the soul. 我们得承认,需要急救的不仅仅是身体, 心理和灵魂也应该包括在内。
first aid:adj.急救的;急救用的;
The impact on the soul is hardly visible , but the damage can be there for life. 对灵魂的影响是看不见的, 但对生活的损害是存在的。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目;
Let's not forget that what distinguishes us humans from machines is the beautiful and the delicate soul within us. 让我们不要忘记人类与机器的区别在于 我们内在的美丽和脆弱的灵魂。
distinguishes:vt.区分;辨别;使杰出,使表现突出;vi.区别,区分;辨别; delicate:adj.精致的,微妙的,脆弱的,熟练的,柔和的;
Let's try harder to save more Omars. 让我们更努力去拯救更多的奥马尔。
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （鼓掌）
(Cheers) （欢呼）
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