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ErinMarieSaltman_2016X-_年轻人如何加入极端主义团体──以及如何阻止他们_
So in 2011, I altered my name so that I could participate in Far Right youth camp in Hungary. 在 2011 年,我改了名字, 这样我才能参与 在匈牙利的极右派青年营。
altered:adj.改变了的:v.(使)改变,更改,改动:(alter的过去分词和过去式) participate:v.参加;参与;
I was doing a PhD looking at youth political socialization -- why young people were developing political ideologies in a post-communist setting, and I saw that a lot of young people I was talking to were joining the Far Right, and this was astounding to me. 我当时在攻读博士, 研究青年政治社会主义化── 为什么在后共产主义的背景下, 年轻人会发展出政治意识形态, 我和很多年轻人谈过,我看见他们 加入极右派, 这让我很吃惊。
socialization:n.社会化,社会主义化; ideologies:意识形态; astounding:adj.令人震惊的;使大吃一惊的;v.使震惊;使大惊;(astound的现在分词)
So I wanted to enroll in this youth camp to get a better understanding of why people were joining. 所以我想要参加这个青年营, 进一步了解为什么人们会加入。
enroll:vt.登记;使加入;把...记入名册;使入伍;vi.参加;登记;注册;记入名册;
So a colleague enrolled me, and my last name sounds a little bit too Jewish . 一位同事幫我加入了, 而我的姓氏听起来太有犹太味,
colleague:n.同事,同僚; enrolled:v.(使)加入;注册;登记;(enroll的过去分词和过去式) last name:n.姓;姓氏; Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的;
So Erin got turned into Iréna, and Saltman got turned into Sós, which means "salty" in Hungarian. 所以艾琳被换成艾琳娜, 沙特曼被换成沙许, 它在匈牙利语的意思是「咸的」。
Erin:n.爱尔兰;
And in Hungarian, your last name goes first, so my James Bond name turned into "Salty Irena," 匈牙利语会把姓氏放在前面, 所以我的詹姆士庞德（情报员） 假名就成了「咸的艾琳娜」,
which is not something I would have naturally chosen for myself. 这不是个我会幫自己选的名字。
naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
But going to this camp, 但,参加这个青年营,
I was further shocked to realize that it was actually really fun. 让我进一步感到震惊, 因为我发现它其实很好玩。
They talked very little about politics . 他们很少谈政治。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
It was mostly learning how to ride horses, shooting a bow and arrow, live music at night, free food and alcohol , also some air-gun target practice using mainstream politicians' faces as targets. 主要是在学如何骑马、 如何射箭, 晚上有现场音乐表演, 食物和酒精饮料都免费, 还有空气枪的打靶练习, 用主流政治人物的脸当目标。
alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料; mainstream:n.主流;
And this seemed like a very, actually, friendly, inclusive group until you started talking or mentioning anything to do with the Roma population, 这其实感觉就像是个 非常友善、包容的团体, 但当你开始谈到或提到和吉普赛人口、 犹太人、或移民相关的事时,
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的;
Jewish people or immigrants , and then the discourse would become very hate-based very quickly. 就不是这样好玩了, 交谈接着就马上会变成 以恨意为基础。
immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数); discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲;vi.演说;谈论;讲述;vt.说出;演奏出;
So it led me into my work now, where we pose the question, "Why do people join violent extremist movements, and how do we effectively counter these processes ?" 它导致我开始做现在的这个研究, 在这研究中我们提出一个问题: 「为什么人们要加入 暴力极端主义运动、 以及我们如何有效地 对抗这些过程？」
pose:v.引起; n.装腔作势; (为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; extremist:n.极端主义者,过激分子; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
In the aftermath of horrible atrocities and attacks in places like Belgium, France, but all over the world, sometimes it's easier for us to think, "Well, these must be sociopaths , these must be naturally violent individuals . 在发生在比利时、法国、全世界的 恐怖暴行和攻击的余波中, 有时我们这样想会比较容易: 「这些人一定是反社会者, 这些人一定天性就很暴力。
aftermath:n.后果;余波; horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, atrocities:n.暴行(atrocity的复数);残忍; sociopaths:n.反社会的人;不爱社交的人; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
They must have something wrong with their upbringing ." 他们在养育过程中一定有出问题。」
upbringing:n.教养;养育;抚育;
And what's really tragic is that oftentimes there's no one profile . 很不幸的是, 通常,他们并非特定形象的人。
tragic:adj.悲剧的;悲痛的,不幸的; oftentimes:adv.时常地; profile:n.轮廓;简介;形象;外形;v.扼要介绍;概述;写简介;
Many people come from educated backgrounds, different socioeconomic backgrounds, men and women, different ages, some with families, some single. 许多人来自受过教育的背景, 来自不同的社会经济背景, 有男有女,年龄都不同, 有些人有家庭,有些人单身,
socioeconomic:adj.社会经济学的;
So why? What is this allure ? 所以……为什么？诱因是什么？
allure:v.引诱,诱惑;吸引;n.诱惑力;
And this is what I want to talk you through, as well as how do we challenge this in a modern era ? 我来这里就是想与大家谈这点、 以及在现代我们要如何挑战它？
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代;
We do know, through research, that there are quite a number of different things that affect somebody's process of radicalization , and we categorize these into push and pull factors . 透过研究,我们确实知道 有许多样不同的因素 会影响人的激进化过程, 我们把这些因素分类为 「推式」和「拉式」因素。
radicalization:n.激进,激进化; categorize:vt.分类; factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商;
And these are pretty much similar for Far Right, neo-Nazi groups all the way to Islamist extremist and terrorist groups. 从极右派、新纳粹团体、 一路到伊斯兰极端主义 及恐怖分子团体, 都是很类似的情况。
neo-Nazi:adj.新纳粹主义分子的;新纳粹主义的;n.新纳粹主义分子; Islamist:n.伊斯兰教主义者;回教教徒;
And push factors are basically what makes you vulnerable to a process of radicalization, to joining a violent extremist group. 推式因素基本上是指让你脆弱、 让你容易被激进化过程影响的因素, 因而会加入暴力极端主义团体。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
And these can be a lot of different things, but roughly , a sense of alienation , a sense of isolation, questioning your own identity , but also feeling that your in-group is under attack, 可能的因素有很多, 不过,大致上来说, 包括疏离感、孤立感、 执疑你自己的身份、 还有感觉到你的小团体受到攻击,
roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; alienation:n.异化;疏远;转让;[内科]精神错乱;间离效果(alienationeffect); identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; in-group:n.内集团;
and your in group might be based on a nationality or an ethnicity or a religion, and feeling that larger powers around you are doing nothing to help. 而你的小团体可能是指 同民族、同人种、 同宗教的人, 并觉得你周围比你更强大的 那些力量都没有出手幫忙。
ethnicity:n.种族划分;
Now, push factors alone do not make you a violent extremist, because if that were the fact, those same factors would go towards a group like the Roma population, and they're not a violently mobilized group. 单有推式因素并不会 让你变成暴力的极端主义者, 因为如果是那样的话, 像吉普赛人这类的团体 也应该会有这些因素, 而他们并不是个 有暴力行动倾向的团体。
violently:adv.猛烈地,激烈地;极端地; mobilized:v.组织;动员;调动;调用;(mobilize的过去式和过去分词)
So we have to look at the pull factors. 所以我们也得要看拉式因素。
What are these violent extremist organizations offering that other groups are not offering? 这些暴力极端主义组织提供了什么 是其他团体没有提供的？
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
And actually, this is usually very positive things, very seemingly empowering things, such as brotherhood and sisterhood and a sense of belonging, as well as giving somebody a spiritual purpose, a divine purpose to build a utopian society if their goals can be met, but also a sense of empowerment and adventure . 事实上,答案通常 是些很正面的事物, 似乎很能够赋权的事物, 比如兄弟情谊、姐妹情谊、 以及归属感, 以及给人一个灵性的目的, 一个神圣的目的, 如果这个目的能达成, 就能建立一个乌托邦社会, 另外也有赋权和冒险的感觉。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来; empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词) brotherhood:n.兄弟关系;手足情谊;四海之内皆兄弟的信念; sisterhood:n.姐妹关系;妇女团体; spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的; divine:adj.神圣的;非凡的;天赐的;极好的;v.占卜;预言;用占卜勘探;n.牧师;神学家; utopian:adj.乌托邦的;空想的;理想化的;n.空想家;乌托邦的居民; empowerment:n.许可,授权; adventure:n.冒险;奇遇;经历;冒险游戏;v.探险;以…冒险;大胆进行;闯;
When we look at foreign terrorist fighters, we see young men with the wind in their hair out in the desert and women going to join them to have nuptials out in the sunset . 当我们去看外国的恐怖份子斗士, 我们看到的是沙漠上 自由自在的年轻人, 且女人也去加入他们, 在日落时分举行婚礼。
nuptials:n.婚礼(nuptial的复数); sunset:adj.霞红色的; n.日落(时分); v.(使)定期届满废止;
It's very romantic , and you become a hero. 那很浪漫,你变成了英雄。
romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人;
For both men and women, that's the propaganda being given. 对男人和女人用的宣传都一样。
propaganda:n.宣传;传道总会;
So what extremist groups are very good at is taking a very complicated , confusing , nuanced world and simplifying that world into black and white , good and evil . 所以极端主义团体非常擅长的是 把一个非常复杂、困惑、微妙的世界 简化成只有黑与白、 正与邪。
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) confusing:adj.令人困惑; v.使糊涂; (confuse的现在分词) nuanced:adj.微妙的; v.精确细腻地表演; simplifying:v.简约,简化(simplify进行时形式); black and white:adj.印刷的;黑白混合的;用笔写的; evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸;
And you become what is good, challenging what is evil. 你会在好人的一方, 挑战邪恶的一方。
So I want to talk a little bit about ISIS, Daesh, because they have been a game changer in how we look at these processes, and through a lot of the material and their tactics . 我想要谈一下 ISIS、伊斯兰国, 因为针对我们如何看待这些过程, 他们算是改变游戏规则的人, 他们透过很多素材和战术来做到。
changer:n.转换开关装置;改变者(change的名词形式); tactics:n.战术:策略:手段:兵法(tactic的复数)
They're very much a modern movement. 他们可说是个现代的运动。
One of the aspects is the internet and the usage of social media , as we've all seen in headlines tweeting and videos of beheadings. 其中一个面向是网际网路, 社交媒体的运用, 我们已经在关于斩首的推特头条 以及影片中看过这现象了。
aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数); usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; tweeting:吱吱地叫(小鸟鸣叫);在社交网站Twitter上发微博(tweet的现在分词);
But the internet alone does not radicalize you. 但光只有网际网路 并不会让你变激进。
radicalize:vt.使…激进;使…偏激;vi.激进化;成为过激论者;
The internet is a tool. 网际网路只是工具。
You don't go online shopping for shoes and accidentally become a jihadist . 你不会上网买了鞋子之后 就突然变成圣战士。
accidentally:adv.意外地:偶然,偶然地; jihadist:n.圣战主义者;
However, what the Internet does do is it is a catalyst . 然而,网际网路的确是种催化剂。
catalyst:n.[物化]催化剂;刺激因素;
It provides tools and scale and rapidity that doesn't exist elsewhere . 它提供工具、规模、迅速性, 而这些都是其他地方没有的。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; rapidity:n.迅速,急速;速度;险峻; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
And with ISIS, all of a sudden , this idea of a cloaked , dark figure of a jihadist changed for us. 在 ISIS 的例子中则是, 对我们来说,圣战士的这个 披斗篷黑暗形象突然改变了。
all of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地; cloaked:vt.遮掩;隐匿;(cloaked是cloak的过去式)
All of a sudden, we were in their kitchens. 突然间,我们在他们的厨房里,
We saw what they were eating for dinner. 我们看见他们晚餐吃些什么。
They were tweeting. 他们会用推特。
We had foreign terrorist fighters tweeting in their own languages. 我们会看到外国恐怖份子斗士 用他们自己的语言在推特。
We had women going out there talking about their wedding day, about the births of their children. 有女人在那里谈论她们的结婚日, 谈论她们孩子的出生。
We had gaming culture, all of a sudden, and references to Grand Theft Auto being made. 突然间还有游戏文化, 还会提及到侠盗猎车手系列。
references:n.提到; v.查阅; (reference的第三人称单数和复数) Auto:n.汽车;v.坐汽车;
So all of a sudden, they were homey . 所以,突然间,他们就成了自己人。
homey:adj.舒适的;家庭似的;自在的;
They became human. 他们变成了人类。
And the problem is that trying to counter it, lots of governments and social media companies just tried to censor . 问题是,许多社交媒体公司 和政府试图对抗它的方式, 就只是做审查。
censor:v.审查;删剪;n.审查员;
How do we get rid of terrorist content ? 我们要如何除去恐怖主义的内容？
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
And it became a cat-and-mouse game where we would see accounts taken down and they'd just come back up, and an arrogance around somebody having a 25th account and material that was disseminated everywhere. 它变成了猫捉老鼠的游戏, 在游戏中,我们看到帐号 被关闭但又马上东山再起, 也看到有人对开了 第 25 个帐号沾沾自喜, 也会看到素材被到处传播。
cat-and-mouse:adj.一捕一放之捉弄人的;折磨人的; arrogance:n.自大;傲慢态度; disseminated:adj.浸染的;散播性的;v.散布(disseminate的过去分词);撒播;
But we also saw a dangerous trend -- violent extremists know the rules and regulations of social media, too. 但我们也看到一个危险的趋势── 暴力极端主义者也知道 社交媒体的规则和规定。
trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; extremists:n.极端主义者;极端分子;过激分子;(extremist的复数) regulations:n.章程;规则;法规;管理,控制;(regulation的复数)
So we would see a banal conversation with a recruiter start on a mainstream platform , and at the point at which that conversation was going to become illegal , they would jump to a smaller, less regulated , more encrypted platform. 所以我们可以看见与 招聘人员的平凡对话, 就直接在主流平台上开始进行, 在某个时点,这个对话就会 变成非法的, 他们就会跳到一个较小、较没管理、 较多加密的平台。
banal:adj.陈腐的;平庸的;老一套的; recruiter:n.招聘人员,征兵人员; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工; regulated:v.约束,控制,管理;(regulate的过去式和过去分词) encrypted:v.把…加密(或编码);(encrypt的过去式和过去分词)
So all of a sudden, we couldn't track where that conversation went. 突然间,我们就无法 追纵那对话到哪去了。
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;
So this is a problem with censorship , which is why we need to develop alternatives to censorship. 这就是审查制度的问题, 也是为何我们需要发展 审查制度以外的替代方案。
censorship:n.审查制度;审查机构; alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数)
ISIS is also a game-changer because it's state-building . ISIS 之所以能改变游戏规则, 也是因为它在建立国家。
state-building:国家建设;
It's not just recruiting combatants; it's trying to build a state. 它不只是在征召战士; 它是在试图建立一个国家。
recruiting:v.吸收(新成员);征募(新兵);动员;(recruit的现在分词)
And what that means is all of a sudden, your recruitment model is much more broad. 那意味着,突然间, 你的征召模型就广泛许多。
recruitment:n.补充;征募新兵;
You're not just trying to get fighters -- now you need architects , engineers, accountants , hackers and women. 你并不只需要战士── 你还需要建筑师、工程师、 会计、骇客、女人。
architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); accountants:n.会计;会计师;(accountant的复数) hackers:n.黑客,骇客;电脑黑客(hacker的复数);
We've actually seen a huge increase of women going in the last 24, but especially 12 months. 我们确实看到,在过去 24 个月, 特别是过去 12 个月, 加入的女性人数大增。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
Some countries, one in four of the people going over to join are now women. 在某些国家,去加入的人当中, 四个就有一个是女性。
And so, this really changes who we're trying to counter this process with. 这真的改变了 我们在对抗这个过程时所涉及的人。
Now, not all doom and gloom . 并非完全没希望。
doom:n.厄运;毁灭;劫数;死亡;v.使…注定失败(或遭殃、死亡等); gloom:n.忧郁;阴暗;v.变阴暗;变忧沉;使黑暗;使忧郁;
So the rest I'd like to talk about some of the positive things and the new innovation in trying to prevent and counter violent extremism . 所以在剩下的时间中, 我想谈些正面的东西、 以及在试着预防和对抗 暴力极端主义方面的创新。
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; extremism:n.极端主义(尤指政治上的极右或极左);极端性;过激主义;
Preventing is very different than countering, and actually, you can think of it in medical terms. 预防和对抗是非常不同的, 其实,各位可以用医学用语来看它。
different than:不同于;
So preventative medicine is, how do we make it so you are naturally resilient to this process of radicalization, whereas that is going to be different if somebody is already showing a symptom or a sign of belonging to a violent extremist ideology . 预防性的药是 我们要如何做,才能让你从 激进化的过程当中自然恢复, 这就不同于 已经出现暴力极端主义 意识形态的症状或征兆的人。
preventative:n.预防法;预防物;adj.预防性的;防止的; resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的; whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; symptom:n.症状;征候;征兆; ideology:n.意识形态;思想意识;观念学;
And so in preventative measures, we're talking more about really broad groups of people and exposure to ideas to make them resilient. 所以,在预防措施上, 我们会更考量更广泛的族群, 及对想法更广泛的接触, 来让他们能够恢复。
exposure:n.暴露;显露;揭露;面临;
Whereas it's very different if somebody is starting to question and agree with certain things online, and it's also very different if somebody already has a swastika tattoo and is very much embedded within a group. 这非常不同于 有人开始在线上执疑 并同意某些东西的情况, 也非常不同于有人身上 已经有「卍」字刺青的情况, 及已深植在一个团体中的情况。
swastika:纳粹党所用的十字记号(45度°倾斜;代表毁灭的力量); tattoo:n.文身;连续急促的敲击;(尤指军事上的)击鼓号;v.将花纹刺在…上;给…文身; embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
How do you reach them? 要如何触及到这些人？
So I'd like to go through three examples of each one of those levels and talk you through what some of the new ways of engaging with people are becoming. 针对这三个层级, 我会各举一个例子。 带大家了解 跟这些人互动的一些 新方式变成什么样子。
engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
One is " Extreme Dialogue," 其一是「极端对话」,
Extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物;
and it's an educational program that we helped develop. 它是一个我们协助 发展出来的教育专案。
educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
This one is from Canada, and it's meant to create dialogues within a classroom setting, using storytelling , because violent extremism can be very hard to try to explain, especially to younger individuals. 这个是来自加拿大, 目的是要在教室的环境中创造对话, 用说故事的方式, 因为试着解释暴力 极端主义可能是很困难的, 特别是对年轻人解释。
storytelling:n.讲故事;说谎话;adj.讲故事的;说谎的;
So we have a network of former extremists and survivors of extremism that tell their stories through video and create question-giving to classrooms, to start a conversation about the topic. 所以我们有一个前极端主义者 与极端主义存活者的网路, 透过影片来说他们的故事, 创造提出问题的教室, 来开启和这个主题有关的对话。
These two examples show Christianne, who lost her son, who radicalized and died fighting for ISIS, and Daniel is a former neo-Nazi who was an extremely violent neo-Nazi, 这两个例子中的是克莉斯坦, 她失去了儿子, 她儿子激进化并为 ISIS 战死, 还有前新纳粹主义者丹尼尔, 他以前是极暴力的新纳粹主义者,
radicalized:vt.使…激进;使…偏激;vi.激进化;成为过激论者; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地;
and they pose questions about their lives and where they're at and regret, and force a classroom to have a dialogue around it. 他们提出关于他们人生的问题, 以及他们有什么样的悔恨, 迫使教室中的人 针对此事来进行对话。
Now, looking at that middle range of individuals, actually, we need a lot of civil society voices. 看看中间范围的个人, 其实,我们需要 很多公民社会的声音。
civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的;
How do you interact with people that are looking for information online, that are starting to toy with an ideology, that are doing those searching identity questions? 你要如何和在线上找资讯的人、 开始半假半真地考虑 一种意识形态的人、 及提出关于寻找身份 相关问题的人互动？
interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
How do we provide alternatives for that? 我们要如何对此提供替代方案？
And that's when we combine large groups of civil society voices with creatives , techies , app developers , artists, comedians , and we can create really specified content and actually, online, disseminate it to very strategic audiences. 所以我们需要结合代表 公民社会声音的大型团体, 结合创意者、技术专家、应用程式 开发者、艺术家、喜剧演员, 我们能创造出非常明确的内容, 放在线上,传播给 非常关键的观众群,
creatives:n.创意人员(creative的复数); techies:n.哥布林工程师(全称为GoblinTechies,游戏"魔兽"中的角色); developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); comedians:n.滑稽演员;喜剧演员;(comedian的复数) specified:v.指定;具体说明;逐一登记;列入清单;(specified是specify的过去分词) strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的;
So one example would be creating a satirical video which makes fun of Islamophobia, and targeting it to 15- to 20-year-olds online that have an interest in white power music and live specifically in Manchester. 一个例子是制作讽刺影片, 拿伊斯兰恐惧症来开玩笑, 目标为 15 到 20 岁的观众, 对于白人至上音乐感兴趣, 且很明确是住在曼彻斯特的。
satirical:adj.讽刺性的;讥讽的;爱挖苦人的; specifically:adv.特别地;明确地;
We can use these marketing tools to be very specific, so that we know when somebody's viewing, watching and engaging with that content, it's not just the average person, it's not me or you -- it's a very specific audience that we are looking to engage with. 我们可以用这些行销工具 来针对非常明确的目标, 让我们知道何时 有人在浏览、在观看, 和内容有所连结, 并不只是一般人,不是我或你── 是非常明确的观众, 我们想要接触到的特定观众。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
Even more downstream , we developed a pilot program called "One to One," 即使在较下流处,我们也开发了 一个前导专案「一个对一个」,
downstream:adv.下游地;顺流而下;adj.下游的;顺流的;
where we took former extremists and we had them reach out directly to a group of labeled neofascists as well as Islamist extremists, and put direct messages through Facebook Messenger into their inbox , saying, "Hey, I see where you're going. I've been there. 我们找来前极端主义者, 并让他们直接去接触被标签为 新法西斯主义以及伊斯兰 极端份子的团体, 用脸书简讯直接 发送讯息给他们,说: 「嘿,我知道你打算做什么, 我有这样的经验。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; labeled:adj.有标签的; v.示踪; (label的过去分词和过去式) Messenger:n.报信者,送信者;先驱; inbox:n.收件箱;收文篮;
If you want to talk, I'm here." 如果你想谈谈,我在这里。」
Now, we kind of expected death threats from this sort of interaction . 我们也预期这类互动 会带来死亡威胁。
interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;
It's a little alarming to have a former neo-Nazi say, "Hey, how are you?" 听到一位前新纳粹对你说 「嘿,你好吗？」
But actually, we found that around 60 percent of the people reached out to responded , and of that, around another 60 percent had sustained engagement , meaning that they were having conversations 但其实我们发现, 这些人当中,又有 60% 有持续接触下去, 也就是说他们继续和 最难接触到的人进行交谈,
responded:v.回答,回应;作出反应;响应;反应灵敏;(respond的过去式和过去分词) sustained:adj.持续的; v.维持; (sustain的过去分词和过去式) engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度;
with the hardest people to reach about what they were going through, planting seeds of doubt and giving them alternatives for talking about these subjects, and that's really important. 种下怀疑的种子, 提供他们可以谈论 这些主题的替代方案, 那是非常重要的。
So what we're trying to do is actually bring unlikely sectors to the table. 所以我们试图做的, 其实是去幫助不太可能的部门。
unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的; sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形;
We have amazing activists all over the world, but oftentimes, their messages are not strategic or they don't actually reach the audiences they want to reach. 在全世界,我们有很棒的活跃份子, 但通常,他们的讯息不是策略性的, 或者他们其实不会接触到 他们想要接触的观众,
So we work with networks of former extremists. 所以我们和前极端份子的网路合作。
We work with networks of young people in different parts of the world. 我们与世界不同区域的 年轻人的网路合作。
And we work with them to bring the tech sector to the table with artists and creatives and marketing expertise so that we can actually have a more robust and challenging of extremism that works together. 我们和他们合作来提供技术部门, 配合艺术家、创意者、行销专家, 这样我们就能有比较强大 且有挑战性的极端主义, 能够一同合作。
expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; robust:adj.强健的;健康的;粗野的;粗鲁的;
So I would say that if you are in the audience and you happen to be a graphic designer, a poet, a marketing expert, somebody that works in PR, a comedian -- you might not think that this is your sector, but actually, the skills that you have right now might be exactly what is needed to help challenge extremism effectively. 我会说,如果你是观众之一, 且你刚好是平面设计师、 诗人、行销专家、 在公关部门工作的人、 喜剧演员── 你可能不觉得这是你的部门, 但事实上,你现在拥有的技能 可能就是协助有效地挑战 极端主义所需要的技能。
graphic:adj.形象的;图表的;绘画似的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）