返回首页

EricTopol_2009P-_未来医疗的无线化_
Does anybody know when the stethoscope was invented? 有人知道听诊器是什么时候发明的吗？
stethoscope:vt.用听诊器诊断;n.[临床]听诊器;
Any guesses? 1816. 大家试着猜一猜,有人说是1816年。
And what I can say is in 2016, doctors aren't going to be walking around with stethoscopes . 而我认为是在2016年。 那个时候医生就不需要拿着听诊器跑来跑去了
stethoscopes:[临床]听诊器;
There is a whole lot better technology coming. 更好的医疗技术已经呈现在我们面前
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
And that is part of the change in medicine. 而这也是医疗革命的一部分。
What has changed our society has been wireless devices . 已经改变我们人类社会的 是那些无线设备
wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
But the future are digital medical wireless devices. Okay? 但我们的未来是数字化的医用无线设备,OK？
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
So, let me give you some examples of this to kind of make this much more concrete . 因此,让我来通过一些例子 更具体地描述这个概念。
concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
This is the first one. This is an electrocardiogram . 这是第一个,这是一组心电图
electrocardiogram:n.[内科]心电图;
And, as a cardiologist , to think that you could see in real time a patient , an individual , anywhere in the world on your smartphone , watching your rhythm , that's incredible . 作为一名心脏病专家, 无论在世界的哪一个角落, 都能用智能手机及时诊断病人,观察他们的心电图, 这是不可思议的。
cardiologist:n.心脏病学家;心脏病科医师; real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; smartphone:n.智能手机; rhythm:n.节奏;韵律; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
And it's with us today. 然而今天,这种不可思议已经成为现实
But that's just the beginning. 但这仅仅是个开始
You check your email while you're sitting here. 今天你可以坐在这里查收邮件
In the future you're going to be checking all your vital signs, all your vital signs, your heart rhythm, your blood pressure , your oxygen, your temperature, etc. 不久的将来你就可以坐在这里查询你的生命体征 你所有的生命体征,像心律、 血压、体内的含氧量以及体温等等
vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的; blood pressure:n.[医]血压;
This is already available today. 其实这些今天都已经实现了
This is AirStrip Technologies . 那就是AirStrip Technologies公司的技术。
AirStrip:n.飞机跑道; Technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
It's now wired, or I should say wireless by taking the aggregate of these signals in the hospital, in the intensive care unit, and putting it on a smartphone for physicians . 现在它是有线的, 如果我将医院、重症监护室的数据信息进行汇总, 输入到我的智能手机里发送给医生, 这个意义上可以说是无线的。
aggregate:vi.集合; vt.集合; n.合计; adj.聚合的; intensive care:n.(医院里的)特别护理病房;重症监护; physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数);
If you're an expectant parent, what about the ability to monitor, continuously , fetal heart rate, or intrauterine contractions , and not having to worry so much that things are fine as the pregnancy , and moving over into the time of delivery . 如果你是一位准爸爸或者准妈妈 如果你可以随时持续获知胎儿的心率、你的宫缩确保临产时各项指标都正常 如果你可以随时持续获知胎儿的心率、你的宫缩确保临产时各项指标都正常 如果你可以随时持续获知胎儿的心率、你的宫缩确保临产时各项指标都正常 如果你可以随时持续获知胎儿的心率、你的宫缩确保临产时各项指标都正常 并及时送往医院生产,将会怎样？
expectant:adj.期待的;怀孕的;预期中的;n.期待者;候选人; continuously:adv.连续不断地; fetal:adj.胎的,胎儿的; intrauterine:adj.子宫内的; contractions:n.收缩;缩略形式(contraction的复数); pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送;
And then as we go further, today we have continuous glucose sensors . 进一步讲 今天在我们的皮肤下
glucose:n.葡萄糖;葡糖(等于dextrose); sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数);
Right now they are under the skin. 可以安装葡萄糖检测器,
But in the future they won't have to be implanted . 但在不久的将来这些将无需植入体内。
implanted:植入的;
And of course, the desired range, trying to keep glucose between 75 and less than 200, checking it every five minutes in a continuous glucose sensor. 当然,我们需要每隔5分钟查一下葡萄糖传感器, 确认我们的葡萄糖是否保持在75-200之间 确认我们的葡萄糖是否保持在75-200之间
You'll see how that can impact diabetes . 大家可以看到这一变革将怎样影响糖尿病人的生活。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症;
And what about sleep? 那么我们的睡眠是否也可以如上所述呢？
We're going to zoom in on that a little bit. 在这里,我们花一点时间稍作解释
We're supposed to spend a third of our life in sleep. 我们的一生大约有三分之一的时间用于睡眠
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
What if , on your phone, which will be available in the next few weeks, you had every minute of your sleep displayed . 假如在几个星期后, 你的手机可以显示你每一分钟的睡眠情况, 会怎么样？
What if:如果…怎么办? displayed:v.陈列;展出;展示;显露(display的过去分词和过去式)
And this is, of course, as you can see , the awake is the orange. 大家请看,当你醒着的时候,这里的显示为橙色,
as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的;
The REM sleep, rapid eye movement, dream state is in light green. 当你处于快速眼动睡眠（REM=rapid eye movement sleep睡眠中眼睛迅速转动） 状态时,显示为绿色
REM:n.[物]雷姆;
And light is gray, light sleep. 当你处于轻度睡眠状态时,显示为灰色
and deep sleep, the best restorative sleep is that dark green. 当你处于深度睡眠（恢复体力的睡眠）状态时 呈现的是深绿色
restorative:n.[药]恢复药,滋补剂;adj.滋补的,有助于复元的;恢复健康的;
How about counting every calorie ? 那么,如何计算你消耗和吸收的卡路里呢？
calorie:n.卡;大卡;
And this is ability, in real time, to actually take measurements of caloric intake as well as expenditure , through a band-aid . 这里可以通过这个类似创可贴的东西 来实时计算出你卡路里的摄入和支出 来实时计算出你卡路里的摄入和支出
measurements:n.测量值,尺寸(measurement的复数); caloric:adj.热量的;卡的;n.热量; intake:n.摄取量;通风口;引入口;引入的量; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; expenditure:n.支出,花费;经费,消费额; band-aid:n.创可贴;adj.补缀的;
Now, what I've talked about are physiologic metrics . 好,我刚才给大家讲述的是生理上的度量标准体系
physiologic:adj.生理的;生理学的; metrics:n.度量;作诗法;韵律学;
But what I want to get to, the next frontier, very quickly, and why the stethoscope is on its way out, is because we can transcend listening to the valve sounds, and the breath sounds, because now, introduced by G.E. is a handheld ultra-sound. 但我接下来想很快地, 为大家介绍的是另一项前沿科技。 为什么说听诊器快落伍了呢？ 因为通过GE引进的手持超声装置, 我们的可听域超出了肠蠕动音、呼吸音的范围 我们的可听域超出了肠蠕动音、呼吸音的范围
transcend:v.超出,超越(通常的界限); valve:n.阀;[解剖]瓣膜;真空管;活门;v.装阀于;以活门调节; handheld:adj.掌上型;手持型;
Why is this important? Because this is so much more sensitive . 为什么这是一项重要的技术？因为它更为灵敏。
sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人;
Here is an example of an abdominal ultrasound . 这里有三个范例,一个是关于腹部超声的
abdominal:adj.腹部的;有腹鳍的; ultrasound:n.超声;超音波;
And also a cardiac echo , which can be sent wireless. 第二个可以通过无线传输心脏超声
cardiac:n.强心剂;强胃剂;adj.心脏的;心脏病的;贲门的; echo:vt.反射;重复;vi.随声附和;发出回声;n.回音;效仿;
And then there is an example of fetal monitoring on your smartphone. 第三个可以用你的智能手机进行胎儿监控
So, we're not just talking about physiologic metrics, the key measurements of vital signs, and all those things in physiology , but also all the imaging that one could look at in your smartphone. 在这里,我们所讨论的不仅仅是生理指标 或者是关键的生命体征值 以及生理学的其他指标, 还包括可以通过智能手机看到的所有成像结果。
physiology:n.生理学;生理机能; imaging:n.[物]成像;造像;v.反映;想像;作…的像;象征;(image的现在分词形式)
Now, this is an example of another obsolete technology, soon to be buried, the Holter Monitor. 现在,我给大家展示另一项即将过时的技术 霍尔行氏心电动态监控仪
obsolete:adj.废弃的;老式的;n.废词;陈腐的人;vt.淘汰;废弃; Holter:n.动态心电图;
24 hour recording, lots of wires. 它可以24小时监控,大家可以看到有好多线连着
This is now a little tiny patch . 现在改进为一个小贴片
patch:n.补丁;小片;眼罩;色斑;v.修补;打补丁;缝补;
You can put it on for two weeks and send it in the mail. 你可以将这个放在身上长达2个星期 并且可以通过邮件传输
Now, how does this work? Well, there is these smart band-aids or these sensors that one would put on, on a shoe or on the wrist . 那么这是如何实现的呢？ 测试者可以把这些类似创可贴的小贴片和传感器 戴在手腕上或者放在鞋子里面
band-aids:n.创可贴;护创膏布(Band-Aid的复数); wrist:n.手腕;腕关节;v.用腕力移动[送出,抛掷等];
And this sends a signal. 这个装置就可以发送信号
It creates a body area network to a gateway. 从而建立通往网关的一个人体局域网
Gateway could be a smartphone or it could be a dedicated gateway, as today many of these things are dedicated gateways, because they are not so well-integrated. 网关可以是你的智能手机或者是专用网关 我们现在使用的网关大多是专用网关 因为他们还没有很好地兼容
dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式)
That signal goes to the web, the cloud, and then it can be processed and sent anywhere, to a caregiver , to a physician, back to the patient, etc. 信号被传到网络,经过云计算 这样信号就可以被处理并传输到任何地方 比如说给护士、医生 或者病人自己等等
processed:v.加工,处理;审核;列队行进;(process的过去式和过去分词) caregiver:n.照料者,护理者;
So, that's basically very simplistic technology of how this works. 这基本是这一技术工作原理的简单介绍。 这基本是这一技术工作原理的简单介绍。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; simplistic:adj.过分简单化的;过分单纯化的;
Now, I have this device on. 现在我的身上有一个类似的设备
I didn't want to take my shirt off to show you, but I can tell you it's on. 我不想把衬衫脱掉给各位看,但是可以告诉大家我的确戴着它
This is a device that not only measures cardiac rhythm, as you saw already, but it also goes well beyond that. 这项设备不仅能够测量你的心律—— 正如你已经看到的, 它能做的事情远比这个要多。
This is me now. And you can see the ECG. 我现在就站在这里,你可以看到我的心电图
Below that is the actual heart rate and the trend . 它的下面是我的实际心率和心脏跳动的趋势
trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向;
to the right of that is a bioconductant. 右边是一个生理参量,
That's the fluid status , fluid status , that's really important if you're monitoring somebody with heart failure . 这是动态的 这对于患有心力衰竭的病人非常重要 这对于患有心力衰竭的病人非常重要
fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体; status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份; heart failure:n.心力衰竭;
And below that is temperature, and respiration , and oxygen. 再下面是体温 呼吸强度以及体内含氧量
respiration:n.呼吸;呼吸作用;
And then the position activity. 这是我的位置活动
So, this is really striking, because this device measures seven things that are very much vital signs for monitoring someone with heart failure. Okay? 这些的确是振奋人心的,因为这项设备 能够监控心力衰竭患者7大项重要的生命体征 能够监控心力衰竭患者7大项重要的生命体征 能够监控心力衰竭患者7大项重要的生命体征
And why is this important? Well, this is the most expensive bed. 为什么说很重要呢？大家看 这是世界上最贵的一种床
What if we could reduce the need for hospital beds? 假如我们能减少人们对医院病床的需求,这将会产生什么影响？
Well, we can't. First of all , heart failure is the number one reason for hospital admissions and readmissions in this country. 遗憾的是,我们不能。首先, 在美国,入院的病人中, 心力衰竭患者所占的比例是最大的
First of all:adv.首先; admissions:n.许可;承认;入会费;入场券(admission的复数形式);
The cost of heart failure is 37 billion dollars a year, which is 80 percent related to hospitalization . 心力衰竭患者每年的花费将近370个亿 其中80%属于住院治疗的费用
hospitalization:n.住院治疗;医院收容;住院保险(等于hospitalizationinsurance);
And in the course of 30 days after a hospital stay for a Medicare , greater than 65 years or older, is 27 percent are readmitted in 30 days. 经过住院治疗30天后 65岁以上患者中会有27%的人30天内再次入院 65岁以上患者中会有27%的人30天内再次入院
in the course of:在…过程中;在…期间; Medicare:n.(美,加)医疗保险(等于medicare); readmitted:v.重新接纳;再次住入医院(readmit的过去式);
Otherwise, over six months, over 56 percent are readmitted. 否则,6个月后将会有56%的患者再次入院
So, can we improve that? Well the idea is we take this device that I'm wearing, and we put it on 600 patients with heart failure, randomly assigned , versus 600 patients who don't have active monitoring, and see whether we can reduce heart failure readmissions. 因此,我们能否改善一下这种情况呢？ 我们的想法是,把我现在戴的这个装置, 戴在600名随机抽取的心力衰竭患者身上, 同时,我们对比另外 600名没有佩戴这种装置的心力衰竭患者 以便查证对比一下,这个装置是否可以降低患者再次入院的比例
improve:v.改进;改善; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) randomly:adv.随便地,任意地;无目的,胡乱地;未加计划地; assigned:v.分配(某物);分派;指定;委派;(assign的过去分词和过去式) versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗;
And that's exciting. And we'll start that trial, and you'll hear more about how we're going to do that. 结果将会是令人惊叹的。我们即将开始这个试验 大家将会听到更多关于我们如何进行这项试验的消息
But that's a type of wireless device trial that could change medicine in the years ahead. 这是一项能在未来几年将改变医疗现状的无线设备试验 这是一项能在未来几年将改变医疗现状的无线设备试验
Why now? Why is this all of a sudden become a reality, an exciting direction in the future of medicine? 什么是现在？为什么这会突然变成现实, 成为未来医疗界令人振奋的方向？
all of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地;
What we have is, in a way, a perfect positive storm. 从某种程度上说,我们现在所经历的是一场积极变革
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
This sets up consumer driven healthcare . 它引起了以消费者为导向的医疗革命
consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健;
That's where this is all starting. 而这就是一切的根源
Let me just give you specifics about why this is a big movement if you're not aware of it. 如果你还没有意识到这一点,让我给大家举个例子来解释为什么这是一项重大举动 如果你还没有意识到这一点,让我给大家举个例子来解释为什么这是一项重大举动
specifics:n.细节;特性(specific的复数);详情;
1.2 million Americans have gotten a Nike shoe, which is a body area network that connects the shoe, the sole of the shoe to the iPhone, or an iPod. 120万美国人 都有一双耐克鞋,通过人体局域网链接了他们的Iphone、Ipod以及鞋子 都有一双耐克鞋,通过人体局域网链接了他们的iPhone、iPod以及鞋子
And this Wired Magazine cover article really captured a lot of this. It talked a lot about the Nike shoe and how quickly that's been adopted to monitor exercise physiology and energy expenditure. 这本《连线》的封面文章集合了很多这样的应用。 它提到了耐克鞋如何迅速监控人们的生理运动和能量消耗 它提到了耐克鞋如何迅速监控人们的生理运动 和能量消耗
captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词) adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词);
Here is some things, the principles that are guiding principles to keep in mind : "A data-driven health revolution promises to make us all better, faster, and stronger. Living by numbers." 这些是需要我们牢记于心的指导原则 这些是需要我们牢记于心的指导原则 以数字技术为导向的医疗卫生革命, 将会让我们生活地更好、更快、更强 将会让我们生活地更好、更快、更强
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) keep in mind:记住; data-driven:adj.依照数据处理的; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
And this one, which was really telling, 看一下这个,这的确很有说服力
This was from July, this cover article. 这是7月的封面文章
'"The personal metrics movement goes way beyond diet and exercise. It's about tracking every facet of life, from sleep to mood to pain, 24/7/365." 个人的监控远不止日常饮食和运动, 它涉及到生活的方方面面, 从睡眠到情绪到疼痛感, 贯穿一天24小时,一周7天,一年365天。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词) facet:n.面;方面;小平面;vt.在…上琢面; mood:n.情绪,语气;心境;气氛;
Well, I tried this device. 因此,我尝试使用这种设备。
A lot of you have gotten that Phillips Direct Life. 我知道你们中的很多人使用飞利浦的Direct Life
I didn't have one of those, but I got the Fitbit . 我没有那个东西 不过我有个Fitbit
Fitbit:n.一家美国科技公司;
That looks like this. 就是这个
It's like a wireless accelerometer , pedometer . 它看起来就像是一个无线加速器或计步器
accelerometer:n.[航][物]加速计; pedometer:n.步程计,步数计;
And I want to just give you the results of that testing, because I wanted to understand about the consumer movement. 在这里,我只想给大家展示这个东西监控的结果 因为我想知道消费者的运动情况
I hope the, by the way , the Phillips Direct Life works better. 我希望Phillips Direct Life会更好用一些
by the way:顺便说一下;
I hope so. 希望如此
But this monitors food. It monitors activity and tracks weight. 但这个还监控饮食,运动和体重
tracks:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;(track的第三人称单数和复数)
However you have to put in most of this stuff . 然而,你需要输入大部分信息到这个设备中
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
The only thing it really tracks by itself is activity. 它能够独立监控的只有运动
And even then, it's not complete. 即便是这样,它还不是完整的。
So, you exercise and it picks up the exercise. 因此,当你运动的时候,这个装置就会记录你运动的情况。
You put in your height and weight, it calculates BMI. 你输入你的身高和体重,它就会计算出你的体质指数。
And of course it tells you how many calories you're expending from the exercise, and how many you took in, if you go in and enter all the foods. 当然,它还会告诉你在运动过程中你消耗了多少卡路里, 吃东西吸收了多少卡路里, 不过,前提是你必须先输入有关食物的信息。
calories:n.[物]卡路里(热量单位,calorie的复数); expending:花费;支出(expend的现在分词);
But it really wants you to enter all your activity. 使用这个装置,你必须要输入所有有关你运动的信息。
And so I went to this, and of course I was gratified that it picked up the 42 minutes of exercise, elliptical exercise I did. 我一直使用这个, 我很高兴Fitbit监控了我42分钟的运动 我所做的42分钟椭圆机运动
gratified:v.使满足;使高兴(gratify的过去式及过去分词形式);adj.称心的; elliptical:adj.椭圆的;省略的;
But then it wants more information. 但是它还需要更多的信息
So, it says, "You want to log sexual activity. 因此,它显示:“请录入性爱活动”
sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的;
How long did you do it for?" 你和你的爱人做爱多长时间
(Laughter) （笑声）
And it says, "How hard was it?" 它又显示:“做爱的力度是怎样的？”
(Laughter) （笑声）
Furthermore it says, "Start time." 然后它又显示:“开始的时间是？”
Furthermore:adv.此外;而且;
Now, this doesn't appear ... now this just doesn't work. 但现在它什么也不显示了...它停止工作了
I mean this just doesn't work. 我的意思是说,这样是不行的
So, now I want to move to sleep. 好的,让我们转向下一个,睡眠
Who would ever have thought you could have your own EEG at your home, tagged to a very nice alarm clock , by the way. 顺便问一下,有谁想过在自己家里的闹钟上 就可以看到自己的心电图？
tagged:adj.标记的;示踪的;加标记的;v.附以签条(tag的过去分词); alarm clock:n.闹钟;
This is the headband that goes with this alarm clock. 这是和闹钟配套的头带
headband:n.头巾;头饰带;
It monitors your brainwaves continuously, when you're sleeping. 当你睡觉的时候,它能够监控你的脑电波
brainwaves:n.灵感;妙计;脑电波;(brainwave的复数)
So, I did this thing for seven days getting ready for TEDMed. 为了准备TEDMed的演讲,我拿自己做试验, 检测了我7天以来的睡眠状况。
This is an important part of our life, one third supposed to be sleeping. 睡眠是我们生命非常重要的一部分,我们三分之一的时间都用于睡觉。
Of course how many here have any problems with sleeping? 请问在座的各位 有哪些睡眠存在问题？
It's usually 90 percent. So, you tell me you sleep better than expected. 一般的比例高达90%,你们的情况比我想象得要好。
Okay, well this was a week of my life in sleeping. 好的,请看,这是我一个星期的睡眠情况 好的,请看,这是我一个星期的睡眠情况
And you get a Z.Q. score. Instead of an I.Q. score, you get a Z.Q. score when you wake up. 在这里我们用Z.Q.分数衡量睡眠质量,而不是I.Q. 当你起床的时候,就会有一个Z.Q.得分。
You say, "Oh, okay." And a Z.Q. score is adjusted to age. Z.Q.的标准会随着年龄不断调整。 Z.Q.的标准会随着年龄不断调整。
adjusted:adj.调整过的,调节了的;v.调整;校正(adjust的过去分词);
And you want to get as high as you possibly can. 你希望能够得到你的年龄范围内最高的分数。
And so this is the moment by moment, or minute by minute sleep. 它会记录你分分秒秒的睡眠情况。 它会记录你分分秒秒的睡眠情况。
And you see that Z.Q. there was 80-odd. 看一下,我的Z.Q.得分是80多
And the wake time is in orange. 醒着的时候显示为橙色
And this can be a problem, as I learned. 我发现了一个问题
Because it not only helps you with quantifying your sleep, but also tells others you're awake. 因为这不仅帮助你评估自己的睡眠质量 也同时告诉其他人你是醒着的 也同时告诉其他人你是醒着的
quantifying:n.定量法;v.量化(quantify的ing形式);定量;
So, when my wife came in and she could tell you're awake. 所以,我的妻子一进房门 就可以看出其实我是醒着的
'"Eric, I want to talk. I want to talk." “艾瑞克,我想聊天,我想聊天”
And I'm trying to play possum . 而我还在装睡
play possum:装病,装死;装睡;
This thing is very, very impressive . 这件事情让我印象非常非常深刻
impressive:adj.感人的;令人钦佩的;给人以深刻印象的;
Okay. So, that's the first night. 好的,这是第一个晚上
And this one is now 67. 这天晚上我得了67分
And that's not a good score. 这不是很好的分数
And this tells you, of course, how much you had in REM sleep, in deep sleep, and all this sort of thing. 这个还告诉你,你分别处于快速眼动睡眠、 深度睡眠或其他睡眠状态的时间
This was really fascinating because this gave that quantitation about all the different phases of sleep. 这的确很有趣 因为它为你睡眠的各个阶段进行定量分析 因为它为你睡眠的各个阶段进行定量分析
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) quantitation:n.定量; phases:n.阶段,时期(phase的复数形式);v.逐步实行(phase的三单形式);
So, it also then tells you how you do compared to your age group . 而且,Z.Q.也可以帮助你与你同龄组的人进行比较
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) age group:n.年龄组;年龄段;
It's like a managed competition of sleep. 这好像是一个睡眠竞争比赛
competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
And really interesting stuff. 非常有趣
Look at this thing and say, "Well, I didn't think I was a very good sleeper , but actually I did better than average in 50 to 60 year olds." Okay? 我看到这个结果,然后想:“虽然我的睡眠质量不算好, 但与50~60岁年龄组的平均水平相比还是很不错的。”
sleeper:n.卧车;卧铺;枕木;睡眠者;
And the key thing was, what I didn't know, was that I was a really good dreamer . 重要的是,我竟然不知道 我睡觉的时候经常做梦
dreamer:n.梦想家;做梦的人;不切实际的人;
Okay. Now let's move from sleep to diseases . 好的,让我们再从睡眠转向疾病
diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
80 percent of Americans have chronic disease, or 80 percent of age greater than 65 have two or more chronic disease. 80%的美国人都患有慢性疾病 高于65岁的美国人中 80%以上患有两种或多种慢性疾病
chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的;
140 million Americans have one or more chronic disease. 1.4亿美国人 有一种或多种慢性疾病
And 80 percent of our 1.5 whatever trillion expenditures are related to chronic disease. 我们的1.5万亿医疗开销中 80%与慢性疾病有关
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿; expenditures:n.开支,[会计]支出(expenditure复数形式);
Now, diabetes is one of the big ones. 糖尿病就是其中人数最多的一种
Almost 24 million people have diabetes. 在美国,几乎有2400万人患有糖尿病
And here is the latest map. It was published just a little more than a week ago in the New York Times. 这是纽约时报上星期发表的最新疾病地图 这是纽约时报一周多前发表的最新疾病地图
And it isn't looking good. 看起来情况不是很好
That is, for men, 29 percent in the country, over 60, have type II diabetes. 在美国,60岁以上的男性中 29%患有II型糖尿病
And women, although it's less, it's terribly high. 女性较男性人数虽少一些,但数目还是相当巨大
But of course we have a way to measure that now on a continuous basis, with a sensor that detects blood glucose. 当然现在我们已经有方法可以连续监控它了 当然现在我们已经有方法可以连续监控它了 方法是用一个传感器来连续检测血糖浓度
detects:发现;
I mean it's important because we could detect hyperglycemia that otherwise wouldn't be known, and also hypoglycemia . 这很重要,因为通过检测 可以确定我们自己不知道的高血糖症或低血糖症 可以确定我们自己不知道的高血糖症或低血糖症
hyperglycemia:n.[内科]高血糖症;多糖症; hypoglycemia:n.低血糖症;血糖过低;
And you can see the red dots in this particular patient's case were finger sticks, which would have missed both ends. 你可以看到,这个病例中的红点 是不连续数据,它遗漏了很多居于两端的数据
But by continuous monitoring, it captures all that vital information. 但是由于持续的监控 我们可以获得所有的重要信息
captures:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;争得;(capture的第三人称单数)
The future of this though, is being able to move this to a band-aid type phenomenon . 这一技术的未来 是要能把监控设备做得像创可贴一样简易
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
And that's not so far away. 而且这也即将得以实现
So, let me just give you, very quickly, 10 top targets for wireless medicine. 下面,让我来简略地介绍 无线医疗的十大目标
All these things are possible. 所有这些都是能够实现的
Some of them are very close, or already, as you heard, are available today. in some way or form. 有些已经非常接近了 或者如你所知 已经以某种形式或方式存在了
Alzheimer's disease, there is five million people affected. And you can check vital signs, activity, balance. 老年痴呆症 我们有500万人患有老年痴呆症,大家可以检查 生命体征、活动以及身体各项均衡来进行监测
Asthma , large number, you could detect things like pollen count , air quality , respiratory rate. Breast cancer -- 哮喘,患者众多,你也可以通过检测 花粉、空气质量、呼吸率来有效控制。乳腺癌——
Asthma:n.[内科][中医]哮喘,气喘; pollen count:n.花粉计数(用于警示花粉过敏者空气中花粉的含量); air quality:n.空气质量; respiratory:adj.呼吸的; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
I'll show you an example of that real quickly. 稍后我将给诸位展示一个例子
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 慢性阻塞性肺病
obstructive:adj.阻碍的;妨碍的;n.妨碍物;障碍物; pulmonary:adj.肺的;有肺的;肺状的;
Depression -- there's a great approach to that in mood disorders . 忧郁症——我们现在有了监控情绪是否异常的好方法
Depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; disorders:n.无秩序,混乱; v.[电子]扰乱(disorder的单三形式);
Diabetes I've just mentioned. Heart failure we already talked about. Hypertension -- 74 million people could have continuous blood-pressure monitoring to come up with much better management and prevention . 糖尿病、心力衰竭我刚才已提到;然后就是高血压 7400万的人可以通过持续监控来来很好的控制和预防高血压 7400万的人可以通过持续监控来来很好的控制和预防高血压
Hypertension:n.高血压;过度紧张; come up with:提出;想出;赶上; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍;
And obesity we already talked about, the ways to get to that. 肥胖症和睡眠异常
obesity:n.肥大,肥胖;
And sleep disorders. 也可以通过这样的方法来控制
This is effective around the world. The access to smartphones and cell phones today is extraordinary . 这在全球范围内都是非常有效的 智能手机和移动手机现在已经遍地都是
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; smartphones:智能手机(smartphone的复数); extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
And this article from The Economist summed it up beautifully about the opportunities in health across the developing world. 这篇经济学人的文章很好地总结了 发展中国家健康卫生的机遇
summed:v.归纳;总计;总结,概括;(sum的过去分词和过去式)
'" Mobile phones made a bigger difference to the lives of more people, more quickly, than any previous technology." “手机比其他先前的技术更大、更快地影响了更多人的生活” “手机比其他先前的技术更大、更快地影响了更多人的生活”
Mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
And that's before we got going on the m-health world. 而这正是在我们步入移动医疗卫生世界的基础
Aging: the problem is enormous . 老龄化:问题非常严重
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
300,000 broken hips per year. 每年都有300000老人髋部骨折
hips:n.臀部;髋;臀部…的;野蔷薇果(hip的复数)
But the solutions are extraordinary, and they include so many different things. 然而解决问题的办法是非常多的 并且每一个办法又包含了很多不同的内容
One of the ones I just wanted to mention: 我想提到的一点就是:
The iShoe is another example of a sensor that improves proprioception among the elderly to prevent falling. iShoe就是一个很好的传感器的例子 它通过一个传感器来提高老年人的本体感受 从而降低摔倒的机率
improves:v.改进;改善;(improve的第三人称单数) proprioception:n.[生理]本体感受; elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的;
One of many different techniques using wireless sensors. 现在很多技术都是通过无线传感器实现的
techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
So, we can change medicine across the continuum of care, across the ages from premies or unborn children to seniors; the pharmaceutical arena changes; the full spectrum of disease -- I hope I've given you a sense of that -- across the globe. 因此我们可以在持续护理的过程中、 在不同的年龄组成中、 在变化的医药舞台上、 以及全疾病谱上,来改变医疗方法。我希望大家能意识到一件事—— 这个信念就是医疗改革的国际化
continuum:n.[数]连续统;[经]连续统一体;闭联集; unborn:adj.未来的;未诞生的; pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的;n.药物; arena:n.舞台;竞技场; spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
There are two things that can really accelerate this whole process. 能推动这个进程的有两件事
accelerate:v.加快;加速;n.接受速成教育的学生;
One of them -- we're very fortunate -- is to develop a dedicated institute and that's work that started with the work that Scripps with Qualcomm ... 其中一件——我们很幸运——就是建立一个专门的机构 高通公司和Scripps医疗公司已经开始了这个项目
fortunate:adj.幸运的;交好运的;吉利的; institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院;
and then the great fortune of meeting up with Gary and Mary West, to get behind this wireless health institute. 我非常幸运的遇见了Gary和Mary West 他们正在着手建立一个无线化的健康机构
fortune:n.财富;命运;运气;v.给予财富,偶然发生 get behind:支持;落后;识破;
San Diego is an extraordinary place for this. 圣地亚哥是一个非常适合做研究地方
There's over 650 wireless companies, 100 of which or more are working in wireless health. 那里有650个无线公司 其中100多个主攻无线医疗
It's the number one source of commerce , and interestingly it dovetails beautifully with over 500 life science companies. 这是该商业领域最大的资源,比较有趣的是 他们还和500多个生命科学研究公司完美地结合在一起
source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; commerce:n.商业;(尤指国际间的)贸易;商务; interestingly:adv.有趣地; dovetails:vt.用鸠尾榫接合;与…吻合;vi.吻合;n.楔形榫头;
The wireless institute, the West Wireless Health Institute, is really the outgrowth of two extraordinary people who are here this evening: 该无线研究所 西方无线医疗研究所 是两位杰出的人所创立的 他们今晚也来到了会议现场
outgrowth:n.结果;副产物;自然的发展;分枝;
Gary and Mary West. And I'd like to give it up to them for getting behind this. Gary和MaryWest。让我们将掌声送给台下这两位
(Applause) 掌声
Their fantastic philanthropic investment made this possible, and this is really a nonprofit education center which is just about to open. It looks like this. 他们的慈善投资让这个项目成为可能 这个研究所完全是非盈利性教育中心 而这个研究院也即将开放。它看起来是这个样子的
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 philanthropic:adj.博爱的;仁慈的; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的;
This whole building dedicated. 这栋建筑都是专用于研究所的研究的。
And what it's trying to do is accelerate this era: to take unmet medical needs, to work and innovate ... 我们努力要做的就是推动这个时代向前发展 以实现未满足的医疗需求,进行不断创新
unmet:adj.未满足的;未应付的;未相遇的; innovate:vi.创新;改革;革新;vt.改变;创立;创始;引人;
And we just appointed the chief engineer, Mehran Mehregany. 我们不久前刚刚任命了首席工程师,并在本周一宣布了结果
appointed:adj.(时间)指定的,约定的; v.任命; (appoint的过去分词和过去式)
It was announced on Monday. 他就是Mehran Mehregany
Then to move up with development, clinical trial validation , and then changing medical practice -- the most challenging thing of all, requiring attention to reimbursement , healthcare policy , healthcare economics. 我们需要不断与时俱进 发展临床试验,改善医疗实践 最具挑战性的一件事情是 这需要同时关注医疗赔偿、医疗卫生政策以及医疗经济学
clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; validation:n.确认;批准;生效; reimbursement:n.退还,偿还;赔偿; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
The other big thing, besides having this fantastic institute to catalyze this process is guidance, and that's of course relying on the fact that medicine goes digital. 除了有这个先进的研究院来推动这个领域的发展 另一件重要的事情 就是指引这个领域的发展方向 当然,这是建立在药物数字化基础之上的
besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外; catalyze:vt.催化;刺激,促进; relying:v.依赖;信任;指望(rely的现在分词);
If we understand biology from genomics and omics and wireless through physiologic phenotyping, that's big. 如果我们通过生理表现型,基因组学、生命组学以及 无线来理解生物学,这将是很震撼的事情
biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; genomics:n.基因组学;基因体学;
Because what it does is allow a convergence like we've never had before. 因为这将是我们从未达到过的知识的集合
convergence:n.[数]收敛;会聚,集合;
Over 80 major diseases have been cracked at the genomic level, but this is quite extraordinary: more has been learned about the underpinnings of disease in the last two and a half years than in the history of man. 80%的主要疾病已经在基因组层次上被破解了 这已经很了不起了 在过去的两年半里,在疾病的理论基础方面,人们的认识急剧增加 比人类历史中任何时候都多
cracked:adj.疯狂;破裂的;有裂纹的;v.破裂;裂开;断裂;(crack的过去分词和过去式) underpinnings:n.基础;[矿业]支柱(underpinning的复数形式);
And when you put that together with, for example, now an app for the iPhone with your genotype to guide drug therapy ... 当你把这些新旧知识放在一起,比如说 用iPhone上的一个关于你基因类型的应用程序 作为你的药物治疗指南
genotype:n.基因型;遗传型; therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
but, the future -- we can now tell who's going to get Type II Diabetes from all the common variants , and that's going to get filled in more with low-frequency variants in the future. 因此,不久的将来,我们就可以从所有的常见类型中 判断出谁将会得II型糖尿病 而且将来我们会发现更多的 低频类型
variants:n.[计]变体;变异型(variant的复数); low-frequency:adj.低频的;低周波的;
We can tell who's going to get breast cancer from the various genes . 我们可以通过多种遗传基因知道谁会患上乳腺癌 我们可以通过多种遗传基因知道谁会患上乳腺癌
genes:n.基因;(gene的复数)
We can also know who's likely to get atrial fibrillation . 我们也能够知道谁会患心房纤维性颤动
atrial:adj.心房的;门廊; fibrillation:n.[医]纤维性颤动,[生物]原纤维形成;
And finally , another example: sudden cardiac death. 此外,另一个实例就是心源性猝死
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
Each of these has a sensor. 在这些的背后就是传感器
We can give a glucose sensor for diabetes to prevent it. 我们可以给每个人一个葡萄糖传感器来预防糖尿病
We can prevent or have the earliest detection possible for breast cancer with an ultrasound device given to the patient. 给病人使用超声设备 我们可以第一时间发现并预防乳腺癌 我们可以第一时间发现并预防乳腺癌
detection:n.侦查,探测;发觉,发现;察觉;
An iRhythm for atrial fibrillation. 心房纤维性颤动则可以用iRhythm来监测
And vital-signs monitoring to prevent sudden cardiac death. 也可以通过监控生命体征来预防心脏性猝死
We lose 700,000 people a year in the U.S. from sudden cardiac death. 美国每年都会有700000人丧命于心脏性猝死
So, I hope I've convinced you of this -- of the impact on hospital clinic resources is profound and then the impact on diseases is equally impressive across all these different diseases and more. 今天,我希望自己所说的内容,能让大家达成共识—— 无线医疗设备对医院临床资源有着深远影响 同时,对各种疾病的诊断的影响也是极其深远的 同时,对各种疾病的诊断的影响也是极其深远的
convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
It's really taking individualized medicine to a new height and it's hyper-innovative. 我们将把个性化医疗推向一个新高度 这将是一项创新性极强的事情
individualized:adj.个人的; v.使…个性化;
And I think it represents the Black Swan of medicine. 我想这将成为医学界的一朵奇葩
represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) Swan:n.天鹅;天鹅星座;vi.游荡,闲荡;
Thanks for your attention. 谢谢大家
(Applause) 掌声