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EricSannerud_2018X-_有农民才能有饭吃、有衣穿、有酒喝_
So what do people usually say when you're about to give a public talk? 要上台演讲前, 人们通常怎么说来着？
It's to imagine that your audience is naked . 想象你的观众都是没穿衣服的。
naked:adj.裸体的;无装饰的;无证据的;直率的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Well, I'm doing a different trick tonight, and I'm going to imagine all of us without farmers, and well, it's not so much different. 我今天换个别的技巧, 我要想象的是,如何没有农民, 大家的生活会是什么样, 其实,也没太大区别。
[Without farmers you'd be hungry, naked and sober] 【没有农民,你没饭吃、 没衣服穿、没酒喝】
(Laughter) （笑声）
And our farmers do so much more for us than simply feed and clothe and provide us excellent things to drink. 农民为我们做了太多事, 不仅是食物、衣服和美酒。
Our farmers are an important part of all of our communities , particularly our rural communities. 农民是我们所有社区里 非常重要的部分, 特别是在农村。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
And more than that, they're a strong driver of resilient economics. 不仅如此, 农民还是弹性经济 强劲的推动力。
resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
Think about it this way: 举个例子:
When a brewer buys hops from me, grown here in Minnesota , 90 percent of that dollar stays in our state, compared to just 10 percent when they buy it from somewhere else. 如果酿酒厂从我这里购买 明尼苏达州本地种植的酒花, 90% 的钱会留在我们州, 相反,如果从其他地方买酒花, 留在明州的只有 10%。
hops:n.啤酒花; Minnesota:n.明尼苏达州(美国中北部洲); compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词)
What that means is a lot. 这件事意味着很多东西。
That 90 percent means local jobs. 这 90% 意味着本地工作岗位;
It means tax revenue for better schools and roads. 意味着这些税收可以用来 修建更好的学校和道路;
revenue:n.收益;营业额;税务署;
It means support for the co-ops , the mechanics , all the support staff that are needed for a farm to thrive . 意味着能支持合作社、机械工, 支持农场所需要的 一切从业人员。
co-ops:消费合作社(co-op的复数); mechanics:n.机械师;机械修理工;技工;力学;机械学;(mechanic的复数) thrive:v.繁荣;茁壮成长;蓬勃发展;兴旺发达;
And they're our best stewards of the land. 他们是土地的最佳管理者。
stewards:n.干事; v.管理;
This quote , I think, exemplifies what our family farmers do for us in stewarding our shared natural resources . 我认为,这句话道出了 在管理自然资源方面 家庭农场的贡献。
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; exemplifies:v.是…的典型(或典范、榜样); (exemplify的第三人称单数) stewarding:n.管家; v.当服务员; (steward的现在分词) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
'"That land is a community is the basic concept of ecology, but that land is to be loved and respected as an extension of ethics ." “土地是一个社区, 这是生态学基本概念, 但对土地的爱和尊重 是伦理道德的延伸。”
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机; ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准;
Now, they sure do a lot of good stuff for us. 当然,土地肯定会 带给我们很多好处。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
And our family farmers are great, we'd all agree. 家庭农场也很棒,大家都同意。
However, the trends in agriculture today are dire . 但是, 如今农业的发展趋势很可怕。
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) dire:adj.可怕的;悲惨的;极端的;
The average age of a farmer in America, according to the latest agricultural census -- 58.3. 最新的农业人口普查结果显示: 美国农民的平均年龄是 58.3 岁。
according to:根据,据说; agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; census:vt.实施统计调查;n.人口普查,人口调查;
Of all the farmers, 33 percent are 65 plus. 所有农民中, 33% 在 65 岁以上。
That's a little caricature of my grandpa. 这漫画头像是我爷爷。
caricature:n.漫画;讽刺画;漫画手法;vt.画成漫画讽刺;
(Laughter) （笑声）
He's still farming, and he's much older than 65. 他还在“干农活”, 他早就过了 65 岁。
But to put that in perspective , another important public service job, teaching, average age of teachers is 42. 与之相比, 另一个重要的公共服务岗位:教师, 从业者的平均年龄是 42 岁。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; public service:n.公共事业;公营事业;公益事业(或服务);政府;
Our farmers are pretty old in this country. 这个国家的农民真的很老了。
And unfortunately , when they retire, if they retire, we're not really replacing them. 不幸的是, 他们退休时——如果他们退休了—— 没有新人来补充。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
Of all the farmers that we added in this country between 2008 and 2012, across the entire United States -- see if you can catch this difference -- we added 2,000 under the age of 30. 在 2008 到 2012 年间, 整个美国范围内 新增的农民—— 试下能不能看出区别—— 增加了 2000 名 30 岁以下的农民。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) under the age of:在年龄之下;16岁以下;
I'm one of those. 我就是其中一个。
I'll be around to autograph some photos later, if you'd like. 待会儿我会留下跟大家合影的。
autograph:n.亲笔,手稿;亲笔签名;vt.亲笔签名于…;亲笔书写;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But, you know, our farmers are getting older and we're not replacing them -- what's going on here? 但是,农民越来越老, 却没有新人补充, 到底怎么回事？
What are we going to do? 我们该怎么办？
And I think there's a reason folks aren't coming into it, and that's prices. 我认为没人来做农民的原因, 就是低收入。
We're going to go through a couple of slides like this. 来看几张图吧。
Milk: This is the average retail price of a gallon of milk in the United States.
retail:vt.零售;转述;vi.零售;n.零售;adv.以零售方式;adj.零售的; gallon:n.加仑
Four dollars forty-nine cents. 4.49 美元。
How much do you think the farmer gets? 你觉得农民能拿到多少？
Dollar thirty-two. 1.32 美元。
We'll try again with bread. 再看看面包。
Average retail price of bread in America, three forty-nine. 美国的面包平均零售价, 3.49 美元。
Farmer gets ... 农民能拿到
Twelve cents. 0.12 美元。
Audience: Oh! 观众:啊？！
And so how are we supposed to have strong local farms in this scenario ? 那在这种情况下,怎么可能 发展本地农场？
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本;
What are we supposed to do if there aren't any local farmers left? 如果本地没有农场了, 我们怎么办？
And this isn't just a farmer problem, it's not just something for the few of us farmers to sort out. 这不只是农民的问题, 不仅仅是我们几个农民要解决的事。
This is an all-of-us problem. 这是关乎每一个人的问题。
This is rural and it's urban and it's statewide and it's nationwide. 是农村、城市、全州、全国的问题。
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; statewide:adj.遍及全州的;遍及全州地;
So what do we do about it? 那么我们要做些什么？
I'll tell you that. 我会告诉你们答案。
But first, a story. 但首先,我要讲个故事。
The green movement, we're all kind of familiar , started in the '60s, planting trees. 绿色运动,我们都比较熟悉, 60 年代开始的全民种树运动。
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
And now we've come such a long way. 现在已经发展得非常好。
Green is part of our day-to-day lives. 绿色变成日常生活的一部分。
day-to-day:adj.日常的;逐日的;
It's part of the day-to-day lives of Fortune 500 businesses. 也是世界五百强的日常。
Fortune:n.财富;命运;运气;v.给予财富,偶然发生
It's the subject of international treaties , the subject of presidential debates . 它是国际条约的主题, 总统辩论的主题。
treaties:n.条约;协定问题(treaty的复数); presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; debates:n.[法]辩论;讨论(debate的复数);v.[法]辩论;讨论(debate的三单形式);
You and I, we switch our light bulbs , we use reusable bags. 至于你我,我们换节能灯泡, 不用塑料袋。
bulbs:n.[电]灯泡;[植]鳞茎;大浇斗(bulb的复数);
We participate in the green movement each and every day. 我们每一天都在参与绿色运动。
participate:v.参加;参与;
Yet ... 那么,
and this is how we get to the idea -- the food movement, relatively younger, but also somewhat familiar, I imagine. 我们借此想到—— 食品运动, 时间比较短, 但我猜大家多少也是了解的。
relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地; somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微;
You go to the grocery store, you see a sign that says "Buy local," 你到杂货店买东西时, 能看到“买本地产品”的牌子,
grocery:n.食品杂货店;食品杂货;
you go to the farmers market, you go to the co-op, you read books by prominent authors. 大家到农贸市场、合作社买东西, 优秀作家也为此出书。
prominent:adj.突出的,显著的;杰出的;卓越的;
The food movement to date could be summarized as voting with your fork. 食品运动发展到今天 可以总结为“用饭勺投票”。
summarized:v.总结,概括;概述(summarize的过去式及过去分词形式);
The idea is: you pull a dollar out of your wallet -- how you spend that dollar affects the food system. 它的理念是:掏出一美元时, 把它花在哪里,影响着食品系统。
It supports farmers close to home . 它能支持你家附近的农民。
close to home:触及痛处;
And that's all well and good, but where are we going? 这个想法很好, 但我们的目标是什么呢？
How do we get to our renewable-energy moment like the green movement did? 怎样把我们的再生能源运动 发展得像绿色运动一样成功？
And this, I think, is what we need to do. 而这些就是我认为我们需要做的。
Just voting with our fork is not solving the issues that our farmers are facing. 仅仅用饭勺投票,并不能解决 农民所面对的问题。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
And so we need to do more than that. 我们要做的不止这些。
I believe we must move on from just voting with our fork to voting with our vote. 我相信必须要从 “用饭勺投票”再进一步, 做到“用投票权投票”。
We need to take our dollars and continue to spend them locally . 我们需要把自己的钱 继续花在本地产品上。
locally:adv.在本地;局部地;在地方上;
We also need to show up at the ballot box for our farmers. 我们也需要为了农民 去投票站投票。
ballot box:n.投票箱;投票选举制;
This is bigger than just buying local strawberries once a year at a pick-your-own . 与每年在附近采摘草莓相比, 投票更重要。
strawberries:n.草莓;(strawberry的复数) pick-your-own:由顾客自摘自采的(水果,蔬菜等);
This is a year-round effort that we must make together to make the change we need. 这是大家要全年一起努力 才能做出改变的事。
year-round:adj.(开放,使用或运转等)一年到头的;整年;全年;全年的;
Changes like fair pricing for farmers. 像公平定价这种改变
That's quotas , supply management , guaranteed prices. 需要配额、供应链管理、 价格担保。
quotas:n.配额(quota的复数);[经管]定额,[经]限额;v.分配(quota的第三人称单数); management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; guaranteed:adj.必然的; v.保证;
Changes like fair and open trade. 要实现公平贸易、开放贸易这些变化,
That means ending trade wars. 意味着要结束贸易战。
And yeah, of course it means voting. 当然,这也意味着投票。
Now we all knew that one already, though. 现在大家都已经知道了。
For example, it's working. 比如,投票是有用的。
Hey, who's that? 嘿,那是谁？ （演讲者本人）
(Laughter) （笑声）
Just this year in Minnesota, we've passed a historic , first-in-the-country tax credit. 今年,在明尼苏达州, 我们通过了历史性的 全国首创的税收减免政策。
historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的;
The Beginning Farmer Tax Credit. 新农民税收减免。
It incentivizes our transition of land from the existing generation to the next generation. 它鼓励我们把土地 从现在的一代传递到下一代。
incentivizes:以物质刺激鼓励; transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡;
That was done by a handful of us young farmers -- we certainly don't have money, you saw that earlier. 那是我们几个年轻农民促成的—— 我们当然没钱,前面已经看到了。
We don't have political experience. 我们也没有政治经验。
But we showed up, and we made our voices heard. 但我们站出来了, 人们听到了我们的声音。
And thanks to the support of farmers and non-farmers alike, we got something incredible done here in this state. 感谢大家的支持, 包括农民和非农民, 我们在这个州取得了重大进展。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
If we can do it, anybody can do it. 如果我们能做到,任何人都能。
Now, that was all light and fuzzy and feels pretty happy. 这些都是轻描淡写, 看起来让人挺开心。
fuzzy:adj.模糊的;失真的;有绒毛的;
Skeptics in the audience, you're here. 但观众中也有怀疑论者,
Skeptics:n.疑论者,怀疑主义者(skeptic的复数形式);
That would be me, if I were here. 如果我在观众席,我也会心存疑虑。
Skeptics are thinking, "Wow, what do we need to change about our food system?" 怀疑论者会想, “哇,食品系统有什么要改的吗？”
Farmers are great. 农民很棒啊。
We have unlimited food, and it's real cheap, too, isn't that great? 我们的食物不限量, 还很便宜, 不是很棒吗？
unlimited:adj.无限制的;无限量的;无条件的;
Well, unfortunately, in the '80s and the '90s in this country, we went down a path of policy that could be described as "get big or get out." 遗憾的是, 美国在 80 和 90 年代, 推出了一系列政策, 简单说就是“要么扩大规模, 要么退出市场”。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
And what "get big or get out" means is you maximize production while minimizing costs. 它的意思是,要把产量最大化, 同时把成本降到最低。
maximize:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值; minimizing:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要;(minimize的现在分词)
On its face value , that sounds pretty simple. 表面上看,好像挺简单。
face value:n.面值;
However, that shift turned our farmers from a venerated class and a valued class in our society into a cost to be minimized . 然而,这个变化是把 我们所尊敬的农民阶级, 有社会价值的农民阶级, 变成了需要削减的成本。
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; venerated:vt.崇敬,尊敬; minimized:adj.最小化的; v.使减少;
That shift made it so that my great-grandfather , who supported the family with six cows, that same dairy , trying to support their family, has to be 600 cows today. 这种转变的后果是, 以前,我曾祖父用 6 头牛 就能养活一家人, 而现在,同样的奶牛场, 需要 600 头牛 才能养活一家人。
great-grandfather:n.曾祖父; dairy:n.奶制品; adj.乳品的;
Six-thousand-cow dairies are not unheard of. 需要 6000 头牛的,也不是没听过。
dairies:牛奶场;乳品; unheard:adj.听不到的;未被倾听的;不予理睬的;
What happens when there's this one dairy farm in an entire county , where there used to be hundreds? 一个县区原本有数百家奶牛场, 如果现在只剩一家, 会怎样呢？
county:n.郡,县;
The same could be said with corn or beans or field crops. 玉米、大豆等大田作物 也是一样的状况。
What happens when it takes 10,000 acres for one person to support themselves? 如果一个人以前种 40 英亩地就能 养活自己,而现在要种一万英亩,
When it used to only take 40. 又会发生什么？
We know what happens, we read about it in the news. 我们知道发生了什么, 新闻上能看到,
Broadly determined , rural decline , but schools close, schools consolidate , post offices close, grocery stores close. 可以概括成农村衰落, 学校关闭或合并, 邮局关闭,杂货店关门。
Broadly:adv.明显地;宽广地;概括地;露骨地;粗鄙地; determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式) decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降; consolidate:vt.巩固,使固定;联合;vi.巩固,加强;
People leave, the community suffers and goes away. 人们离开家乡, 社区苦不堪言,最终消失。
I believe all of us in this audience with ties to rural Minnesota know this story well. 我相信在座各位,只要 与本州农村有点关系的, 都很清楚这个状况。
This is not a problem that we can solve with farmers markets and good intentions . 本地农贸市场和良好的意愿 是解决不了这个问题的。
intentions:n.目的,意向,意图;打算;(intention的复数)
We have to do more for our farmers. 我们必须做更多事。
Policy got us into this mess , and policy can get us out. 政策让我们陷入今天的困难, 政策也可以让我们脱身。
mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;
American farmers are only getting older, fewer and poorer, yet they are crucial to our state. 美国的农民只会 更老、更少、更穷, 然而他们对国家至关重要。
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的;
They're the vibrancy in our rural communities. 他们是农村的活力,
vibrancy:n.振动;活力;
They're the drivers of economic growth and stability , and they are our best protectors of our shared resources of land, water and air. 是经济增长和稳定的驱动力, 是我们共享的自然资源—— 土地、水和空气的 最佳保护伞。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; stability:n.稳定性;坚定,恒心; protectors:n.保护者;[电]保护装置(protector的复数);
So we have to do better for them. 所以我们必须更多的帮助农民。
So join me, would you? 跟我一起,好吗？
Let's fight for our farmers. 让我们为农民抗争。
You can see it, we're already doing it in Minnesota, having great success. 你们已经看到了, 我们在明尼苏达州 取得了巨大成功。
And together, we can do even more. 众人拾柴火焰高,
And we must. 而且我们必须这么做。
So we were voting with our fork before, and we want to keep doing that. 我们一直在支持本地农产品, 我们还要继续这样做。
But if I could have one idea for you to go home with today, it's vote with your vote. 但如果要我提供一个新的想法, 希望你们记住,那就是 用你的投票权去投票。
And so to that end, on the count of three, I'd like all of us to say it together. 最后, 我数到三,请所有人一起说出来。
Are you ready? 准备好了吗？
OK, one, two, three. 来,一、 二、 三。
Audience: Vote with your vote. 观众:用投票权投票。
Very nice, thank you. 真好,谢谢你们。
I think you got it. 我想大家都明白了。
(Applause) （掌声）