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EricLiu_2013Z-_为何普通民众需要懂得权力_
I'm a teacher and a practitioner of civics in America. 他们甘愿退出, 也是公民教育的践行者。
practitioner:n.开业者,从业者,执业医生; civics:n.公民;公民学;
Now, I will kindly ask those of you who have just fallen asleep to please wake up. (Laughter) 现在,请那些刚才睡着的人打起精神。（笑声）
Why is it that the very word "civics" 为什么人们一听到“公民教育”这个词
has such a soporific , even a narcoleptic effect on us? 就昏昏欲睡,甚至如患了发作性睡病一般？
soporific:n.催眠剂;安眠药;adj.催眠的;想睡的; narcoleptic:adj.发作性睡病的;
I think it's because the very word signifies something exceedingly virtuous , exceedingly important, and exceedingly boring . 我想是因为这个词 蕴含崇高的道德,具有重要的意义, 却那么的无聊。
signifies:v.表示;说明;预示;表达;要紧;(signify的第三人称单数) exceedingly:adv.非常;极其;极度地;极端; virtuous:adj.善良的;有道德的;贞洁的;正直的;有效力的; boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词)
Well, I think it's the responsibility of people like us, people who show up for gatherings like this in person or online, in any way we can, to make civics sexy again, as sexy as it was during the American Revolution , as sexy as it was during the Civil Rights Movement . 我认为,我们,聚在这里的, 以及在网上观看的人,有责任以力所能及的任何方式, 让公民教育再度焕发生机, 正如美国革命 或美国民权运动时期那样生机勃勃。 或美国民权运动时期那样生机勃勃。
gatherings:n.聚会;集会;收集;采集;(gathering的复数) Revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环; Civil Rights Movement:n.(美国)民权运动(20世纪50年代和60年代非裔美国人争取平等权利的运动);
And I believe the way we make civics sexy again is to make explicitly about the teaching of power. 而且,我相信让公民教育再度焕发生机的途径是 阐清权力的教育。
explicitly:adv.明确地;明白地;
The way we do that, I believe, is at the level of the city. 要实现它,我认为, 关键是从城市这一层面入手。
This is what I want to talk about today, and I want to start by defining some terms and then I want to describe the scale of the problem I think we face and then suggest the ways that I believe cities can be the seat of the solution . 这就是今天我想跟大家谈论的主题。 我想从解释一些概念开始, 然后我会阐述我们目前 面临的问题, 进而给出解决办法,即城市是 解决问题的根本。
defining:v.解释(词语)的含义;给(词语)下定义;阐明;界定;(define的现在分词) describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
So let me start with some definitions . 那么,由一些定义开始吧。
definitions:n.[数]定义(definition的复数形式);
By civics, I simply mean the art of being a pro-social, problem-solving contributor in a self-governing community . 所谓公民教育,是一种艺术, 是在一个自主管辖的社区,身为一名关爱社会、 为解决问题做贡献的公民的艺术。
problem-solving:adj.问题解决的;n.解决问题;找出问题的答案; contributor:n.贡献者;投稿者;捐助者; self-governing:adj.自治的;自己管理自己的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
Civics is the art of citizenship , what Bill Gates Sr. calls simply showing up for life, and it encompasses three things: a foundation of values, an understanding of the systems that make the world go round, and a set of skills 公民教育是身为一个公民的艺术, 这正是比尔?盖茨之父所谓的 “展现生命”, 它包含三个方面内容: 价值观的基础、 对于让世界正常运转的体系的理解、 以及一套
citizenship:n.[法]公民身份,公民资格;国籍;公民权; encompasses:vt.包含;包围,环绕;完成; foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立;
that allow you to pursue goals and to have others join in that pursuit 让你追寻目标并让他人跟随你的愿景的技能。
pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠; pursuit:n.追求;追赶;追捕;跟踪;
And that brings me to my definition of power, which is simply this: the capacity to make others do what you would have them do. 这就引到了我对权力的定义, 一个简单的定义如下: 让他人按照你的意愿 去做事情的能力。
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
It sounds menacing , doesn't it? 这听起来有些邪恶,不是吗？
menacing:adj.威胁的;危险的;恐吓的;v.威胁;对…构成危险;危及;(menace的现在分词)
We don't like to talk about power. 我们从来都不喜欢谈论权力,
We find it scary. We find it somehow evil . 我们觉得这个词可怕,而且有些邪恶。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸;
We feel uncomfortable naming it. 试图去定义它会让我们感觉不自在。
In the culture and mythology of democracy , power resides with the people. 在民主的文化背景下, 权力掌握在人的手里。
mythology:n.神话;神话学;神话集; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; resides:居住;存在;
Period. End of story. 句号。到此为止。
Any further inquiry not necessary and not really that welcome. 没有必要进一步探讨权力, 因为它不那么受欢迎。
inquiry:n.询问;查询;打听;调查;
Power has a negative moral valence . 权力违背道德价值观,
negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; valence:n.[化学]价;[化学]原子价;[化学]化合价;效价;
It sounds Machiavellian inherently . 而且它本质上就有些权谋术的味道,
Machiavellian:adj.不择手段的;狡猾的;马基雅弗利的;n.权谋政治家; inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地;
It seems inherently evil. 似乎本质上就是邪恶的。
But in fact power is no more inherently good or evil than fire or physics. 但是,事实上,权力在本质上不分好坏对错, 就像自然界的火、物理原理那样,
It just is. 权力只是权力,仅此而已。
And power governs how any form of government operates, whether a democracy or a dictatorship . 权力支配着 任何政府的运作, 或民主的政府,或独裁的政府。
dictatorship:n.专政;独裁权;独裁者职位;
And the problem we face today, here in America in particular , but all around the world, is that far too many people are profoundly illiterate what it is, who has it, how it operates, how it flows, 我们今天面临的问题,在美国尤甚, 但是个全球性的问题, 即太多太多的人对权力 权力是什么,谁拥有权力, 它如何运作,如何流转,
in particular:尤其,特别; profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; illiterate:adj.文盲的;不识字的;没受教育的;n.文盲;
what part of it is visible , what part of it is not, why some people have it, why that's compounded . 权力的哪部分为人所知,哪部分鲜为人知, 为何有些人拥有权力,为何权力总是交错繁杂。
visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目; compounded:adj.[生物]复合的,化合的;v.混合;组成(compound的过去式和过去分词);
And as a result of this illiteracy , those few who do understand how power operates in civic life, those who understand how a bill becomes a law, yes, but also how a friendship becomes a subsidy , or how a bias becomes a policy , or how a slogan becomes a movement, the people who understand those things wield disproportionate influence , and they're perfectly happy to fill the vacuum created by the ignorance of the great majority . 这种一无所知的结果就是, 那些极少数了解 权力是如何在公民生活中运作的人, 那些了解 如何让一个法案变成一个法律条文, 如何将友谊转化为财富, 如何让一个偏见变成一项政策, 或如何让一个口号发展成一场运动的人, 正是了解这些事情的人 对广大民众施加不同程度的影响力, 而且他们及其乐于 填补民众的无知造成的空洞。
as a result:结果; illiteracy:n.文盲;无知; subsidy:n.补贴;津贴;补助金; bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; slogan:n.口号;标语; wield:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等); disproportionate:adj.不成比例的;不成比例地; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; vacuum:n.真空; adj.真空的; v.用真空吸尘器清扫; ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂; majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
This is why it is so fundamental for us right now to grab hold of this idea of power and to democratize it. 这就是为什么 以这种方式来理解权力并将其大众化 对当下的我们这么重要。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; grab:v.攫取;霸占;将…深深吸引;n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物; democratize:vt.使民主化;使大众化;vi.民主化;大众化;
One of the things that is so profoundly exciting and challenging about this moment is that as a result of this power illiteracy that is so pervasive , there is a concentration of knowledge, of understanding, of clout . 现在,有一件令人极度振奋 又极具挑战性的事情。 那就是广大民众对权力的一无所知 形成了知识、理解和影响力的聚集。
pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的; concentration:n.浓度;含量;集中;专心; clout:n.破布;敲打;影响力;势力;vt.给…打补钉;猛击;
I mean, think about it: 我的意思是,考虑一下:
How does a friendship become a subsidy? 如何将友谊转化为财富？
Seamlessly , when a senior government official decides to leave government and become a lobbyist for a private interest and convert his or her relationships into capital for their new masters. 很自然地, 一个政府高级官员 辞掉政府的工作,成为一名谋取私利的说客, 将其人脉资源转化为 新利益集团的财富。
Seamlessly:adv.无缝地; senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人; official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员; lobbyist:n.说客;活动议案通过者; convert:v.转换; n.改变宗教(或信仰、观点)的人;
How does a bias become a policy? 偏见如何转变为一项政策？
Insidiously , just the way that stop-and-frisk, for instance , became over time a bureaucratic numbers game. 比如,不知不觉地,拦截盘查 变成官僚的数字游戏, 从这转变的方式便可见一斑。
Insidiously:adv.阴险地;隐伏地;暗中为害地; instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; bureaucratic:adj.官僚的;官僚政治的;
How does a slogan become a movement? 一个口号如何变成一场运动？
Virally , in the way that the Tea Party , for instance, was able to take the "Don't Tread on Me" flag from the American Revolution, or how, on the other side , 举个例子来说, 从在美国革命中扛起“不要践踏我”的旗帜的茶党身上 就能知道答案。 或者,另一方面,
Virally:adj.[医学](滤过性)病毒的;(滤过性)病毒引起的; in the way:妨碍;挡道; Tea Party:n.茶话会;(下午)茶会;在美国各地抗议高额税收; Tread:n.踏;胎面;步态;鞋底;踏板;梯级;v.踏;踩;践踏;跳;踩出; on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
a band of activists could take a magazine headline, " Occupy Wall Street ," 一群激进分子从刊在杂志上的头条, “占领华尔街”开始,
band:n.带;波段;频带;箍;v.加彩条(或嵌条等);(将价格、收入等)划分档次; Occupy:v.占据,占领;居住;使忙碌; Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地);
and turn that into a global meme and movement. 发展成为一场全球性的运动。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; meme:n.大脑模仿病毒;文化基因;弥母;
The thing is, though, most people aren't looking for and don't want to see these realities. 事实上,大多数人 并不情愿,也不期望看到这些事实。
So much of this ignorance, this civic illiteracy, is willful . 所以,无知,对公民教育的无知, 很大程度上是有意的。
willful:adj.有意的;任性的;故意的;
There are some millennials , for instance, who think the whole business is just sordid . 例如,00后中新一代中, 很多人认为整个政界都是肮脏的,
millennials:n.千禧世代;千禧之子;千禧一代(millennial的复数); sordid:adj.肮脏的;卑鄙的;利欲熏心的;色彩暗淡的;
They don't want to have anything to do with politics . 他们不想与政治有任何交集,
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
They'd rather just opt out and engage in volunteerism . 他们甘愿退出, 而致力于社会志愿服务。
opt:vi.选择; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; volunteerism:n.志愿精神;志愿服务;
There are some techies out there who believe that the cure-all for any power imbalance or power abuse is simply more data, more transparency . 也有很多极客 认为解决一切权力失衡或权力滥用的万能良药, 在于更多的数据, 和更大的透明度。
techies:n.哥布林工程师(全称为GoblinTechies,游戏"魔兽"中的角色); cure-all:n.万灵药; imbalance:n.不平衡;不安定; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃;
There are some on the left who think power resides only with corporations , and some on the right who think power resides only with government, each side blinded by their selective outrage . 一方面有人认为权力 只掌控在企业手里, 另一方面有人认为权力 只掌控在政府手里。 他们都是被各自的选择性愤怒蒙蔽了双眼。
corporations:n.[贸易]公司,[经]企业(corporation的复数形式); selective:adj.选择性的;有选择的;认真挑选的;严格筛选的; outrage:n.愤怒,愤慨;暴行;侮辱;vt.凌辱,强奸;对…施暴行;激起愤怒;
There are the naive who believe that good things just happen and the cynical who believe that bad things just happen, the fortunate and unfortunate unlike 有些幼稚的人, 坐等美好的事情来临, 也有愤世嫉俗的人,相信糟糕的事情注定会发生。 还有那些幸运的或不幸运的人
naive:adj.天真的,幼稚的; cynical:adj.愤世嫉俗的;冷嘲的; fortunate:adj.幸运的;交好运的;吉利的;
who think that their lot is simply what they deserve rather than the eminently alterable result of a prior arrangement , an inherited allocation ,of power. 认为他们的命数已定, 而不是悬而未决的, 他们不知道权力的倾倚会左右命运。
deserve:vi.应受,应得; eminently:adv.突出地;显著地; prior:adj.先前的; n.(小隐修院)院长; v.居先; arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲; inherited:v.继承(金钱、财产等);接替(责任等);继任;(inherit的过去式和过去分词) allocation:n.分配,配置;安置;
As a result of all of this creeping fatalism in public life, we here, particularly in America today, have depressingly low levels of civic knowledge, civic engagement , participation , awareness . 社会上这种无可救药的宿命论的结果就是, 尤其在当今的美国, 我们,对公民教育、 公民参与以及公民意识,知之甚少。
creeping:adj.爬行的; n.爬行; v.爬行; (creep的现在分词); fatalism:n.宿命论; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; depressingly:adv.郁闷地;抑压地; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; participation:n.参与;分享;参股; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道;
The whole business of politics has been effectively subcontracted out to a band of professionals , money people, outreach people, message people, research people. 政界里里外外都已 “分包”给一群专家、 富豪、圈外人、 掌握信息的人、研究人员。
subcontracted:n.分包合同;[经]转包合同;vi.转包;分包;vt.转包; professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数); outreach:vt.超越,伸出; vi.拓广,延伸; n.延伸,拓广; adj.扩大服务的;
The rest of us are meant to feel like amateurs in the sense of suckers . 剩下的人注定感觉如外行一般, 是不折不扣的失败者。
amateurs:n.业余爱好者;业余运动员;生手;外行;(amateur的复数) suckers:n.吸咀(sucker复数);
We become demotivated to learn more about how things work. 我们变得没有动力去探究 事情怎样运作,
We begin to opt out. 我们开始被排除在外了。
Well, this problem, this challenge, is a thing that we must now confront , and I believe that when you have this kind of disengagement , this willful ignorance, it becomes both a cause and a consequence of this concentration of opportunity 那么,这个问题,这个挑战, 我们必须直面。 如果你一直 冷漠下去,一直有意地视而不见, 这种冷漠就会促成我刚才所说的 财富、势力的聚集,
confront:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗; disengagement:n.脱离;分开; consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论;
of wealth and clout that I was describing a moment ago, this profound civic inequality. 这种聚集又会加深你的冷漠的态度。 这是深刻的公民权力不平等。
wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; describing:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的现在分词)
This is why it is so important in our time right now to reimagine civics as the teaching of power. 这就是为什么,以权力的教育来理解公民教育 是如此得重要,如此得迫在眉睫。
reimagine:重新想象;再回味
Perhaps it's never been more important at any time in our lifetimes. 也许从没有像在今天 这么重要过。
If people don't learn power, if people don't wake up, and if they don't wake up, they get left out. 如果人们不懂得权力, 如果人们不觉醒, 如果人们不觉醒, 就会被遗弃。
Now, part of the art of practicing power means being awake and having a voice, but it also is about having an arena where you can plausibly practice deciding. 施展权力的艺术,部分在于 保持警醒,并有自己的见解, 也在于拥有一个可以 施展决断力的舞台。
arena:n.舞台;竞技场; plausibly:adv.似真地;
All of civics boils down to the simple question of who decides, and you have to play that out in a place, in an arena. 所有公民教育的问题都可归结为这一简单问题: 谁来决策？ 因此,你必须有一个地方,有一个舞台来施展。
And this brings me to the third point that I want to make today, which is simply that there is no better arena in our time for the practicing of power than the city. 这就引到了我今天想强调的第三点, 当今而言,没有比城市 更适合作为施展权力的舞台。
Think about the city where you live, where you're from. 想一下你生活的城市, 你来自的城市,
Think about a problem in the common life of your city. 想一个你的城市里日常生活中的问题,
It can be something small, like where a street lamp should go, or something medium like which library should have its hours extended or cut, or maybe something bigger, like whether a dilapidated waterfront should be turned into a highway or a greenway , or whether all the businesses in your town should be required to pay a living wage . 可以是小事情, 比如路灯应安装在何处; 或是稍微大一点的事情, 比如某个图书馆开放时间该延长还是缩短; 或是更大的事情, 比如废弃的海滨是否应 改建为高速路或绿化带, 或者当地所有的公司 是否需支付生活工资。
lamp:n.灯;台灯;(理疗用的)发热灯; medium:n.(传播信息的)媒介;手段;工具;方法;adj.中等的;中号的; extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词) dilapidated:adj.荒废的,要塌似的;破坏的;v.变得荒废(dilapidate的过去分词); waterfront:n.滩,海滨;水边;adj.滨水区的; greenway:n.园林路;林荫道路; living wage:n.基本生活工资;仅能维持生活的工资;
Think about the change that you want in your city, and then think about how you would get it, how you would make it happen. 考虑一下你希望你的城市要做出的改变, 并且考虑你如何实现它, 如何让它成为现实。
Take an inventory of all the forms of power that are at play in your city's situation: money, of course, people, yes, ideas, information, misinformation , the threat of force, the force of norms . 列出你所在的城市里 全部形式的权力: 金钱？当然了。人？是的。 理念、信息、错误的信息、 武力的威胁、规范的力量,
inventory:n.存货,存货清单;详细目录;财产清册; misinformation:n.误报;错误的消息; norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式);
All of these form of power are at play. 所有形式的权力都在发挥着作用。
Now think about how you would activate or perhaps neutralize these various forms of power. 现在考虑一下你如何激发 或调和这些不同形式的权力。
activate:vt.刺激;使活动;使活泼;使产生放射性;vi.激活;有活力; neutralize:vt.抵销;使…中和;使…无效;使…中立;vi.中和;中立化;变无效;
This is not some Game of Thrones empire-level set of questions. 这不是《权力的游戏》中 帝国层面的问题,
Thrones:n.座天使(圣经故事中天使名);
These are questions that play out in every single place on the planet. 这是地球上任何地方都 在上演的问题。
I'll just tell you quickly about two stories drawn from recent headlines. 下面我快速地讲两个故事, 这两个故事都来自于近期头条新闻。
In Boulder , Colorado , voters not too long ago approved a process to replace the private power company, literally the power company, the electric company Xcel, with a publicly owned utility that would forego profits and attend far more to climate change. 在科罗拉多州的博尔德, 选民在不久前通过了一项决议, 将一个私有的电力公司, 即艾克赛尔能源公司, 转变为公有制, 不谋利润, 而会更多关注气候变化。
Boulder:n.卵石,大圆石;巨砾; Colorado:n.科罗拉多;[城]科罗拉多州;科罗拉多河; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的; forego:vt.放弃;居先;在…之前; profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数)
Well, Xcel fought back, and Xcel has now put in play a ballot measure that would undermine or undo this municipalization. 艾克赛尔公司回击抵抗, 目前,它在通过一种投票的方式, 试图干扰或驳回 这次公有化运动。
ballot:n.投票;投票用纸;投票总数;vi.投票;抽签决定;vt.使投票表决;拉选票; undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基;
And so the citizen activists in Boulder who have been pushing this now literally have to fight the power in order to fight for power. 因此推动这项运动的博尔德的积极人士, 现在不得不对抗电力公司 来争取权力。
In Tuscaloosa, at the University of Alabama , there's an organization on campus called, kind of menacingly , the Machine, and it draws from largely white sororities and fraternities on campus, and for decades, the Machine has dominated student government elections. 在塔斯卡卢萨,阿拉巴马大学, 校园里有个组织 听起来有些邪恶,叫“机器”。 其成员多大来自学校白人姐妹会和兄弟会。 数十年来,“机器”控制了 学生的政府选票。
Alabama:n.阿拉巴马州(美国州名); organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地; menacingly:adv.胁迫地;险恶地; largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; sororities:n.妇女联谊会;女学生联谊会; fraternities:兄弟会; dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词)
Well now, recently , the Machine has started to get involved in actual city politics, and they've engineered the election of a former Machine member, a young, pro-business recent graduate to the Tuscaloosa city school board. 最近,“机器” 开始参与到真正的城市政治中。 他们主导了 一个前“机器”成员的参选, 让这位近期毕业的年轻的成员 进入塔斯卡卢萨市教育局。
recently:adv.最近;新近; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) pro-business:n.亲企业;利商;
Now, as I say, these are just two examples drawn almost at random from the headlines. 如前所述,这只是从近期新闻头条中 随意摘取的两个故事。
random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地;
Every day, there are thousands more like them. 每天都有类似的数以千计的例子。
And you may like or dislike the efforts I'm describing here in Boulder or in Tuscaloosa, but you cannot help but admire the power literacy of the players involved, their skill. 无论你喜不喜欢我刚刚描述的 发生在博尔德和塔斯卡卢萨的事情, 你都不得不欣赏 他们的施展权力的素养 和能力。
cannot help but:无奈的;
You cannot help but reckon with and recognize the command they have of the elemental questions of civic power — what objective , what strategy , what tactics , what is the terrain , who are your enemies,who are your allies ? 你也不得不考虑到并且意识到 他们掌握公民权力的一些最基本的问题—— 目的是什么,策略是什么,战术是什么, 战场是什么,谁是敌人,谁是战友？
reckon:v.认为;想;估计;计算; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; elemental:adj.基本的;主要的;自然力的;四大要素的(土,水,气,火); objective:n.目标; adj.客观的; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; tactics:n.战术:策略:手段:兵法(tactic的复数) terrain:n.[地理]地形,地势;领域;地带; allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数)
Now I want you to return to thinking about that problem or that opportunity or that challenge in your city, and the thing it was that you want to fix or create in your city, and ask yourself, do you have command of these elemental questions of power? 现在,让我们回过头, 考虑你的城市中的问题、机会、挑战, 还有你期望在你的城市中解决的事情 或创造的事物。 问问你自己, 你是否熟稔这些问题,这些权力的最基本的问题？
Could you put into practice effectively what it is that you know? 你能有效地将你知道的东西付诸实践, 达到你的目的吗？
put into practice:实行,实施;落实;
This is the challenge and the opportunity for us. 这对于我们是挑战,也是机遇。
We live in a time right now where in spite of globalization or perhaps because of globalization, all citizenship is ever more resonantly, powerfully local. 在我们如今生活的年代, 即便朝着全球化发展, 也许正因为全球化进程, 市民交互影响的程度更深,无一例外, 尤其在本地。
in spite of:尽管;不管,不顾; globalization:n.全球化;
Indeed, power in our time is flowing ever faster to the city. 确实,当今的权力正以更快的速度 汇聚到城市。
Here in the United States, the national government has tied itself up in partisan knots . 在美国,中央政府囿于党派,
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) partisan:adj.党派的;效忠的;偏袒的;盲目推崇的;n.游击队;虔诚信徒;党羽; knots:n.发髻:节子:节疤:v.把…打成结(knot的第三人称单数和复数)
Civic imagination and innovation and creativity are emerging from local ecosystems now and radiating outward , and this great innovation, this great wave of localism that's now arriving, and you see it in how people eat and work and share and buy and move and live their everyday lives, this isn't some precious par ochialis m , this isn't some retreat into insularity, no. 公民的设想、创新力、创造力 正在当地的圈子中产生,并向外辐射, 而且这股本地化的伟大创造力 和伟大浪潮,正汹涌而来。 你会从人们吃饭、 工作、社交、购物、交通等 日常生活点滴中看到。 这不是矫揉造作的偏狭, 这不是退却到狭隘,不是的。
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) ecosystems:n.生态系统(ecosystem的复数); radiating:adj. v.发射出(光,热等)(radiate的现在分词); outward:n.外表; adj.表面的; v.同"outwards.outwardandhomeward";
This is emergent . 这是自然发生的。
emergent:adj.紧急的;浮现的;意外的;自然发生的;
The localism of our time is networked powerfully. 当今的时代,本地化正强有力地进行。
And so, for instance, consider the ways that strategies for making cities more bike-friendly have spread so rapidly from Copenhagen to New York to Austin to Boston to Seattle . 比如说, 看看那些致力于让城市 更适于自行车通行的理念吧, 这些理念扩散得如此迅速,从哥本哈根, 到纽约,到奥斯丁,到波士顿,到西雅图。
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数) Copenhagen:n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都); Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市); Seattle:n.西雅图(美国一港市);
Think about how experiments in participatory budgeting , where everyday citizens get a chance to allocate and decide upon the allocation of city funds . 再想想“参与式预算”的实践, 每天市民都有机会 分配和决定 市政资金的流向。
participatory:adj.供人分享的;吸引参与的; budgeting:n.编制预算;v.做预算(budget的ing形式); allocate:vt.分配;拨出;使坐落于;vi.分配;指定; decide upon:vt.考虑后决定;对…作出决定; funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金;
Those experiments have spread from Porto Alegre, Brazil to here in New York City, to the wards of Chicago. 这些实践已经从巴西的阿雷格里港 推广到纽约和芝加哥。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); wards:n.[医]病房(ward的复数); v.守卫;
Migrant workers from Rome to Los Angeles and many cities between are now organizing to stage strikes to remind the people who live in their cities what a day without immigrants would look like. 从罗马到洛杉矶,还有其间的其他城市的移民工人, 正组织罢工, 来提醒那些在其城市居住的人们设想一下 在没有移民的城市里,一天的生活会是什么样。
organizing:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;(organize的现在分词) remind:v.提醒;使想起; immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数);
In China, all across that country, members of the New Citizens' Movement are beginning to activate and organize to fight official corruption and graft , and they're drawing the ire of officials there, but they're also drawing the attention of anti-corruption activists all around the world. 在中国,全国范围内, 中国新公民运动的成员 正在组织行动, 反对政府官员贪污腐败。 他们激怒了官员, 但他们也吸引了 全世界的反腐败组织的目光。
organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理; graft:vi.移植; vt.移植; n.移植; n.(非正式)脚踏实地地埋头苦干; anti-corruption:n.反腐败;反贪腐;廉政风暴;
In Seattle, where I'm from, we've become part of a great global array of cities that are now working together bypassing government altogether, national government altogether, in order to try to meet the carbon reduction goals of the Kyoto Protocol . 在我来自的地方——西雅图, 我们成为了全球一系列城市中的一员。 这一系列城市团结在一起, 绕开政府, 绕开中央政府, 努力实现京都议定书规定的 减少碳排放量的目标。
array:n.数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服;v.排列,部署;打扮; bypassing:v.绕过;避开;不顾(规章制度);不请示;(bypass的现在分词) carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图; Kyoto:n.京都(日本城市); Protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定;
All of these citizens, united, are forming a web, a great archipelago of power that allows us to bypass brokenness and monopolies of control. 所有这些市民,联合在一起, 形成一个网络, 虽地域分散,力量却集中, 让我们可以绕开 垄断权力的控制。
archipelago:n.群岛,列岛;多岛的海区; brokenness:破碎;破碎感; monopolies:n.[经]垄断(monopoly的复数);垄断部门;
And our task now is to accelerate this work. 我们现在的任务是加速这一进程,
accelerate:v.加快;加速;n.接受速成教育的学生;
Our task now is to bring more and more people into the fold of this work. 我们现在的任务是吸引越来越多的人 加入到我们的行动中。
fold:v.折叠;包;可叠平(以便贮存或携带);裹;n.褶;褶层;折叠部分;褶痕;
That's why my organization, Citizen University, has undertaken a project now to create an everyman's curriculum in civic power. 这也是我的组织——公民大学 在进行的一个项目的原因。 这个项目致力于为所有人提供 公民权力的课程。
undertaken:v.从事;开始进行(undertake的过去分词); curriculum:n.课程;总课程;
And this curriculum starts with this triad that I described earlier of values,systems and skills. 这个课程以我刚才所述的三方面为起点, 即价值观、系统和能力。
triad:n.三和音;三个一组;三价元素; described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
And what I'd like to do is to invite all of you to help create this curriculum with the stories and the experiences and the challenges that each of you lives and faces, to create something powerfully collective . 我想邀请你们所有人, 帮助我建立这个课程, 请你们分享故事和经历, 以及生活中的挑战, 来汇聚成强大的智慧的结晶。
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
And I want to invite you in particular to try a simple exercise drawn from the early frameworks of this curriculum. 我想请你们参与一项实践练习, 这是一个简单的实践, 来自这项课程的初步框架。
I want you to write a narrative , a narrative from the future of your city, and you can date it, set it out one year from now, five years from now, a decade from now, a generation from now, and write it as a case study looking back, looking back at the change that you wanted in your city, 我想请你写下一段故事, 一段来自你的未来城市的故事。 你来决定这个城市来自多远的未来, 可以是一年后,五年后,十年后, 也可以是一代人之后, 以那时的视角回过头来看现在, 看现在的你希望 你的城市做出怎样的改变,
narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; case study:n.个案研究;专题研究;案例研究;
looking back at the cause that you were championing, and describing the ways that that change and that cause came, in fact, to succeed. 看现在的你在鼎力支持着什么事业, 并描述一下你期望的改变和你从事的事业 如何走向成功;
Describe the values of your fellow citizens that you activated , and the sense of moral purpose that you were able to stir . 描绘一下 你所鼓舞的市民们拥有的价值观, 以及你所激发出的人们的品行道德;
activated:v.使活动;激活;使活化;(activate的过去式和过去分词) stir:v.搅拌;搅动;激发;搅和;n.搅拌;搅动;震动;搅和;
Recount all the different ways that you engaged the systems of government, of the marketplace , of social institutions , of faith organizations , of the media . 叙述一下 你参与到政府体制、 经济市场、 社会机构、组织信仰、 媒体的不同的方式;
Recount:v.叙述;重新计算;n.重算; engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式) marketplace:n.市场;集市; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
Catalog all the skills you had to deploy , how to negotiate , how to advocate , how to frame issues , how to navigate diversity in conflict , all those skills that enabled you to bring folks on board and to overcome resistance . 将你要施展的技能分门别类, 如何协商,如何鼓舞, 如何分析问题, 如何在矛盾中调和不同的意见, 正是这些技能让你 带领人们踏上正轨, 克服困难。
Catalog:n.目录册;产品样本;学校便览;一览表;v.(为…)编目录;(把…)按目录分类; deploy:v.部署;利用;[军事]展开;(使)张开; negotiate:v.谈判,商议;转让;越过; advocate:v.拥护;支持;提倡;n.支持者;提倡者;辩护律师;出庭辩护人; frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; resistance:n.电阻;抵抗;阻力;抗力;
What you'll be doing when you write that narrative is you'll be discovering how to read power, and in the process, how to write power. 你写下这段故事,与此同时, 你会发现如何解读权力, 如何用书面的形式表达权力。
So share what you write, do you what you write, and then share what you do. 请分享你写下的故事, 并将你的故事付诸实践, 进而分享你的所作所为。
I invite you to literally share the narratives that you create on our Facebook page for Citizen University. 我请你们把你们的故事 以文字的形式分享到 到公民大学的脸谱网站上。
narratives:n.叙述,故事;叙述的手法(narrative复数);
But even beyond that, it's in the conversations that we have today all around the world in the simultaneous gatherings that are happening on this topic at this moment, and to think about how we can become one another's teachers and students in power. 不仅于此,此时此刻 世界各地正在进行的 同我们一样的集会中, 在谈论公民教育这个话题。 考虑一下我们如何学习权力, 做彼此的老师和学生。
simultaneous:adj.同时的;联立的;同时发生的;n.同时译员;
If we do that, then together we can make civics sexy again. 如果我们齐心协力, 就能让公民教育再度焕发生机。
Together, we can democratize democracy and make it safe again for amateurs. 我们一起,能让民主思想大众化, 让人人都享有民主的丰硕果实。
Together, we can create a great network of city that will be the most powerful collective laboratory for self-government this planet has ever seen. 我们一起,能创造出 一个地球上前所未有的自主管辖的城市, 这个城市将充满强有力的合作。
laboratory:n.实验室,研究室; self-government:n.自治;自制;克己;
We have the power to do that. 我们有能力实现它。
Thank you very much. 非常感谢你们。
(Applause)