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EmilyLevine_2002-_一个古灵精怪有关一切的理论_
I am going to talk about myself, which I rarely do, because I -- well for one thing , I prefer to talk about things I know nothing about. 我准备谈一下我自己, 我很少这么做,有很多原因。 其一是我更喜欢谈论一些我不知道的事情。
I am going to:我将要做什么事情 rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地; for one thing:首先;一则; prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升;
And secondly, I'm a recovering narcissist . 另外,我正从自恋中恢复过来。
narcissist:n.自我陶醉者;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I didn't know I was a narcissist actually. 我原本并不知道自己是一个自恋狂。
I thought narcissism meant you loved yourself. 我认为自恋狂意味着你爱你自己。
narcissism:n.[心理]自恋,自我陶醉;
And then someone told me there is a flip side to it. 后来别人告诉我,完全不爱自己也是自恋。
flip side:反面;
So it's actually drearier than self-love . 这比爱自己更令人沮丧。
self-love:n.自爱;自恋;利己主义;
It's unrequited self-love. 这是没有回报的自爱。
unrequited:adj.无回报的;无报酬的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I don't feel I can afford a relapse . 我大概无法承受旧病复发。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; relapse:vi.故态复萌;旧病复发;再度堕落;再陷邪道;n.复发,再发;故态复萌;回复原状;
But I want to, though, explain how I came to design my own particular brand of comedy because I've been through so many different forms of it. 但我还是想来解释一下 我是如何设计自己与众不同的喜剧品牌的, 因为我曾经用过很多不同的方式。
brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印; comedy:n.喜剧;喜剧性;有趣的事情;
I started with improvisation . 我起步于即兴创作。
improvisation:n.即兴创作;即兴演奏;
In a particular form of improvisation called theater games, which had one rule, which I always thought was a great rule for an ethic for a society. 采用一种特别的即兴创作形式,叫做剧场游戏。 它有一条规则, 我认为那是一条对社会道德来说非常伟大的规则。
ethic:n.伦理;道德规范;adj.伦理的;道德的(等于ethical);
And the rule was, you couldn't deny the other person's reality, you could only build on it. 它规定不可以否认其他人的现实存在, 你的创作必须在其之上。
deny:v.否定,否认;拒绝给予;拒绝…的要求;
And of course we live in a society that's all about contradicting other peoples' reality. 当然,我们生活在一个 充满与他人现实生活矛盾的社会里。
contradicting:n.矛盾;v.矛盾(contradict的ing形式);反驳;顶触;
It's all about contradiction , which I think is why I'm so sensitive to contradiction in general . 一切都和矛盾有关, 这也是我认为我为何对矛盾如此敏感的原因。
contradiction:n.矛盾;反驳;驳斥; sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; in general:总之,通常;一般而言;
I see it everywhere. 我能到处看到它。
Like polls . You know, it's always curious to me that in public opinion polls the percentage of Americans who don't know the answer to any given question is always two percent. 比如投票。有件事情让我一直很好奇, 在公众意见投票中, 对任何问题都不知道如何应答的美国人 总是占到2%。
polls:n.民意调查; v.对…进行民意测验,使投票(poll的单三形式); curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; public opinion:n.舆论;民意; percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成;
75 percent of Americans think Alaska is part of Canada. 75%的美国人 认为阿拉斯加是加拿大的一部分。
But only two percent don't know the effect that the debacle in Argentina will have on the IMF's monetary policy -- 但只有2%的人不知道 阿根廷政府瓦解将对国家货币基金组织的货币政策带来什么影响。
debacle:n.崩溃;灾害;解冻; Argentina:n.阿根廷(位于拉丁美洲); monetary:adj.货币的;财政的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
(Laughter) （笑声）
seems a contradiction. 这多么具有矛盾意味啊。
Or this ad that I read in the New York Times: "Wearing a fine watch speaks loudly of your rank in society. 再比如我在《纽约时报》上读到的: ”佩戴一块精致的手表体现你的社会阶层。
Buying it from us screams good taste." 购买我们的手表突显卓越的品味。“
(Laughter) （笑声）
Or this that I found in a magazine called California Lawyer, in an article that is surely meant for the lawyers at Enron. 还有我在《加州律师》杂志上看到 一篇对安然公司律师们颇具意义的文章。
'"Surviving the Slammer : Do's and Don'ts." ”监狱求生:该做的和不该做的“
Slammer:n.监狱;
(Laughter) （笑声）
'"Don't use big words." ”不要使用空洞夸张的词汇。“
(Laughter) （笑声）
'"Learn the lingua franca ." ”学习大家都会的通用语言。“
lingua franca:n.(母语不同的人共用的)通用语;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Yeah. Lingua this Frankie . 耶！通用这个语言吧。
Frankie:n.弗兰基(姓名);
(Laughter) （笑声）
And I suppose it's a contradiction that I talk about science when I don't know math. 我想如果我谈论科学却不懂数学 这也是一种矛盾。
suppose:v.推断:假定:假设:设想:
You know, because -- and by the way to I was so grateful to Dean Kamen for pointing out that one of the reasons, that there are cultural reasons that women and minorities don't enter the fields of science and technology -- 要知道,因为,噢顺便我要感谢一下卡门主任, 他指出原因之一 存在于文化之中 那就是妇女和少数民族并没有跨入科学和技术领域
by the way:顺便说一下; Dean:n.院长;系主任;教务长;主持牧师; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; minorities:n.少数(minority的复数形式);少数民族;少数族裔; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
because for instance , the reason I don't do math is, 比方说我不从事数学领域的原因是
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
I was taught to do math and read at the same time . 我同时学习数学和阅读。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
So you're six years old, you're reading Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . 因此当你6岁时,你在阅读《白雪公主和7个小矮人》。
Dwarfs:矮子;侏儒(dwarf的复数);
It becomes rapidly obvious that there are only two kinds of men in the world, dwarfs and Prince Charmings. 一切立刻变得明朗起来, 世界上只存在两种男人, 侏儒和白马王子。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
And the odds are seven to one against your finding the prince. 找到王子的几率是1比7.
odds:n.几率;胜算;不平等;差别;
(Laughter) （笑声）
That's why little girls don't do math. It's too depressing . 这就是为什么小女孩们不爱数学的原因。它令人太沮丧了。
depressing:adj.令人抑郁的; v.使沮丧; (depress的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
Of course, by talking about science 当然,说到科学
I also may, as I did the other night, incur the violent wrath of some scientists who were very upset with me. 我可能会像几天前那个晚上一样 使一些对我的演讲感到不安的科学家, 非常愤慨。
incur:vt.招致,引发;蒙受; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; wrath:n.愤怒;激怒; upset:adj.沮丧; v.打乱; n.苦恼; (意外的)混乱;
I used the word postmodern as if it were OK. 我以为使用后现代这个词不会有什么问题。
postmodern:adj.后现代的;
And they got very upset. 然而他们变得非常焦虑。
One of them, to his credit, I think just really wanted to engage me in a serious argument. 其中一位,我想他真的很想 同我认真地辩论一番。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
But I don't engage in serious arguments. 而我不喜欢正儿八经的辩论。
I don't approve of them because arguments, of course, are all about contradiction. 我不赞成辩论, 因为辩论都和矛盾、对立有关,
approve:v.批准;赞成;同意;核准;
And they're shaped by the values. 而且是由各自不同的价值观引发的。
I have questions with the values of Newtonian science. 我质疑牛顿科学的价值体系。
Like rationality , you're supposed to be rational in an argument. 比方说理性,你应当在一场辩论中保持理性。
rationality:n.合理性;合理的行动; supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
Well rationality is constructed by what Christie Hefner was talking about today, that mind-body split . You know? 而理性是建立在 如今克里斯蒂·海夫纳（花花公子首席执行官）所说的 头脑和身体分离的基础上的。你们知道吗？
constructed:v.修建;建造;组成;编制,绘制;(construct的过去分词和过去式) split:v.分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解;n.劈开;裂缝;adj.劈开的;
The head is good, body bad. 头脑是好的,身体是不好的。
Head is ego , body id. 头脑是自我,身体是本能。
ego:n.自我;自负;自我意识;
When we say "I," -- as when Rene Descartes said, "I think therefore I am," -- we mean the head. 当我说“我”的时候,正如勒奈·笛卡尔说的那样, “我思故我在” —— 我们指的是头脑。
Descartes:n.笛卡尔(法国哲学家,数学家);
And as David Lee Roth sang in "Just a Gigolo ," 而正如大卫·李·罗斯在《我只是个牛郎》中所唱的,
Gigolo:n.舞男;小白脸;靠妓女生活的男人;
'"I ain't got no body." “我没有好身材。”
That's how you get rationality. 你正是那样获得理性的。
And that's why so much of humor is the body asserting itself against the head. 那就是为什么许多幽默 都是身体在反驳头脑
humor:n.幽默;心情;情绪;脾气;v.迎合;迁就; asserting:v.明确肯定;断言;坚持自己的主张;(assert的现在分词)
That's why you have toilet humor and sexual humor. 这就是为什么你能有关于上厕所的和性的幽默
sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的;
That's why you have the Raspyni Brothers whacking Richard in the genital area. 这就是为什么拉斯皮尼兄弟, 在性器官方面打败了理查德。
whacking:adj.巨大的; v.非常; n.失败; v.猛打; (whack的现在分词); genital:adj.生殖的;生殖器的;n.生殖器;外阴部;
And we're laughing doubly then because he's the body, but it's also -- 然而我们笑是因为, 他不仅是身体,但也是——
doubly:adv.双重地;加倍地;双摺地;
Voice offstage : Richard. 观众席:理查德
offstage:n.舞台后面;舞台内部;adj.舞台内部的;adv.在舞台内部;私生活里;
Emily Levine: Richard. What did I say? 理查德,我说什么来着？
(Laughter) （笑声）
Richard. Yes but it's also the head, the head of the conference . 理查德。当然,但是也是头儿。 是TED的头儿。
conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
That's the other way that humor -- like Art Buchwald takes shots at the heads of state. 这是另一种幽默方式—— 像阿特·包可华（著名幽默家）开美国头头们的玩笑,
Doesn't make quite as much money as body humor I'm sure -- 但我确定他没身体幽默挣那么多钱
(Laughter) （笑声）
but nevertheless , what makes us treasure you and adore you. 然而,这让我们珍惜你又崇拜你。
nevertheless:adv.然而,不过;虽然如此;conj.然而,不过;
There's also a contradiction in rationality in this country though, which is, as much as we revere the head, we are very anti-intellectual. 还有一种矛盾存在于这个国家的理性当中。 那便是,我们尊重头脑的同时, 我们也十分反精英。
revere:vt.敬畏;尊敬;崇敬;
I know this because I read in the New York Times, the Ayn Rand foundation took out a full page ad after September 11, in which they said, "The problem is not Iraq or Iran, the problem in this country, facing this country is the university professors and their spawn ." 我知道是因为我读了纽约时报 安.兰登基金会在911之后, 发了一整页广告 他们说:“这个国家要面对的问题, 不在于伊拉克或者伊朗 而是大学教授和他们的爪牙”
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; spawn:n.卵;菌丝;产物;vt.产卵;酿成,造成;大量生产;vi.产卵;大量生产;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So I went back and re-read "The Fountainhead ." 所以我又回过头去读《源泉》
Fountainhead:n.源;水源;本源;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I don't know how many of you have read it. 我不知道你们中的多少人读过,
And I'm not an expert on sadomasochism . 而我可不是一个虐恋的专家
sadomasochism:n.被虐待性变态;施虐受虐狂;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But let me just read you a couple of random passages from page 217. 不过也请允许我随意给你们阅读第217页中的一段
random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地;
'"The act of a master taking painful contemptuous possession of her, was the kind of rapture she wanted. 那个主人的方式, 享受着她那痛苦又轻蔑的迷恋 是她所希望的那种着迷。
painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的; contemptuous:adj.轻蔑的;侮辱的; possession:n.拥有;具有;属地;个人财产; rapture:n.兴高采烈;vt.使…狂喜;
When they lay together in bed it was, as it had to be, as the nature of the act demanded, an act of violence . 当他们在床上躺在一起的时候, 那是,就好像那必须是,这种方式所需要的自然状态, 一种暴力的方式。
violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
It was an act of clenched teeth and hatred . It was the unendurable . 是一种恨得咬牙切齿的方式。它是那么不堪忍受。
clenched:v.捏紧,攥紧(拳头等),咬紧(牙齿等);(clench的过去分词和过去式) hatred:n.仇恨;憎恨;厌恶; unendurable:adj.无法忍受的;不能持久的;
Not a caress , but a wave of pain. 不是一种呵护,而且一股痛楚。
caress:vt.爱抚,抚抱;n.爱抚,拥抱;接吻;
The agony as an act of passion ." 痛苦是一种激情的行为。
agony:n.苦恼;极大的痛苦;临死的挣扎; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
So you can imagine my surprise on reading in The New Yorker that Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the Federal Reserve , claims Ayn Rand as his intellectual mentor . 所以你们就能想象, 我读纽约客的时候有多吃惊了, 里面提到（前任）联邦储备署主席阿兰.格林斯潘 把安.兰德称为自己的精神导师。
Federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; Reserve:n.储备,储存; vt.储备; vi.预订; claims:v.宣称; n.声明; (claim的第三人称单数和复数) intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的; mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导;
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's like finding out your nanny is a dominatrix . 这就好像发现你的外婆是个施虐狂。
nanny:n.保姆;母山羊; dominatrix:n.女性施虐狂;专横的女人;假装规矩而实际上提供性服务的女人;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Bad enough we had to see J. Edgar Hoover in a dress. 我们不得不看约翰·埃德加·胡佛（原联邦调查局局长）穿裙子,就已经够糟糕了。
Hoover:vi.胡佛电动吸尘;n.胡佛电动吸尘器;
Now we have to picture Alan Greenspan in a black leather corset , with a butt tattoo that says, " Whip inflation now." 现在我们还要去想象阿兰.格林斯潘 穿着皮衣,屁股上纹着 “现在鞭打通货膨胀！”
leather:n.皮革;皮革制品;v.用皮革包盖;抽打;adj.皮的;皮革制的; corset:n.(妇女用的)束腹,紧身褡; vt.给…穿上束腹; butt:n.屁股;烟头;笑柄;靶垛;粗大的一端;v.以头抵撞;碰撞; tattoo:n.文身;连续急促的敲击;(尤指军事上的)击鼓号;v.将花纹刺在…上;给…文身; Whip:n.鞭子; v.鞭打; inflation:n.膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张;自命不凡;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And Ayn Rand of course, Ayn Rand is famous for a philosophy called Objectivism, which reflects another value of Newtonian physics, which is objectivity . 当然安.兰德,安.兰德 是以一种名为“客观主义”的哲学著称的。 反映出了另一种牛顿物理的价值观: 那就是客观存在。
philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观; reflects:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;(reflect的第三人称单数) objectivity:n.客观;客观性;
Objectivity basically is constructed in that same S and M way. “客观存在”基本上, 是由和S和M一样的方式构成的。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
It's the subject subjugating the object. 就是主观征服客观。
subjugating:vt.征服;使服从;克制;
That's how you assert yourself. 这就你证实自己的方法。
You make yourself the active voice. 你让你成为了那个主动的发声者。
And the object is the passive no-voice. 而客观是那个被动的沉默者
passive:adj.被动的,消极的;被动语态的;n.被动语态;
I was so fascinated by that Oxygen commercial . 我真的被那个氧气的广告迷住了。
commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
I don't know if you know this but -- maybe it's different now, or maybe you were making a statement -- but in many hospital nurseries across the country, 我不知道你们是否知道这个, 可能现在也不是这样了吧,但是 在我们国家许多的护理站里,
statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; nurseries:n.托儿所(nursery的复数);
until very recently anyway, according to a book by Jessica Benjamin, the signs over the little boys cribs read, "I'm a boy." 根据杰西卡.本杰明的书里说,一直到最近, 男孩儿们的摇篮边,都写着 “我是一个男孩儿。”
recently:adv.最近;新近; according to:根据,据说; cribs:n.婴儿床;栅栏;食槽;v.剽窃;拘禁,关入栅栏;抄袭;
And the signs over the little girls cribs read, "It's a girl." Yeah. 而在女孩摇篮边的标记则写, “这是一个女孩儿”,耶~
So the passivity was culturally projected onto the little girls. 所以“被动”是在文化上, 就已经映射到女孩儿们身上的。
passivity:n.被动性;被动结构;无抵抗; culturally:adv.从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面;
And this still goes on as I think I told you last year. 而这种情况,像我去年说的那样,仍在继续
There's a poll that proves -- there was a poll that was given by Time magazine, in which only men were asked, "Have you ever had sex with a woman you actively disliked?" 有一个调查证实了—— 这个调查来自时代周刊, 只有男人被问到,“你是否曾经, 和你不喜欢的女人发生过关系？”
And well, yeah. 好吧,是这样的。
Well, 58 percent said yes, which I think is overinflated though because so many men if you just say, "Have you ever had sex ... " "Yes!" 那么,其中58% 我觉得这个数字有点水份, 因为好多男人,只要听见你问, “你曾经发生过性行为……” “是的！”
overinflated:adj.过于膨胀的;特大的;
They don't even wait for the rest of it. 他们甚至都不听完剩下的半句话。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And of course two percent did not know whether they'd had -- 当然,他们其中还有2%不知道他们是不是有过……
(Laughter) （笑声）
That's the first callback , of my attempted quadruple . 这是我尝试四个“回笼”笑话 的第一个。
callback:n.回收;回叫信号; attempted:adj.未遂的;v.努力;尝试;试图;(attempt的过去分词和过去式) quadruple:v.(使)变为四倍;adj.四方面的;四倍的;n.四倍
(Laughter) （笑声）
So this subject-object thing, is part of something I'm very interested in because this is why, frankly, I believe in political correctness . 而这个主体--客体的问题, 是我很感兴趣的一部分内容。 因为这就是,坦率的说,我相信政治正确性的原因。
political correctness:n.政治正确性;
I do. I think it can go too far. 我真的信。而且我觉得它的影响力可能会过大。
I think Ringling Brothers may have gone too far with an ad they took out in the New York Times Magazine. 我想铃灵兄弟（历史上著名马戏团）可能有点儿过火了, 当他们在《纽约时报》上的广告里说,
'"We have a lifelong emotional and financial commitment to our Asian Elephant partners." “我们对我们亚洲的大象同伴们, 在感情上和物质上,都有终身的承诺。”
emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Maybe too far. But you know -- 可能是过了。但是你知道——
I don't think that a person of color making fun of white people is the same thing as a white person making fun of people of color. 我不认为, 一个有色人种取笑白种人, 和一个白人取笑有色人种是一回事。
Or women making fun of men is the same as men making fun of ... 或者女人取笑男人和男人取笑女人一样……
Or poor people making fun of rich people, the same as rich people. 又或者是穷人开富人的玩笑,和反过来……
I think you can make fun of the have but not the have-nots , which is why you don't see me making fun of 我觉得我们可以开富人的玩笑,但是不能取笑穷人。 这就是为什么我没有取笑
make fun of:取笑; have-nots:n.穷国;贫民(等于thehavenots);
Kenneth Lay and his charming wife. 肯尼思·莱（安然丑闻主角）和他那美丽的太太。
charming:adj.令人着迷的;吸引人的;v.吸引;迷住;控制,保护;(charm的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
What's funny about being down to four houses? 同时被四个法院判罪有意思吗？
(Laughter) （笑声）
And I really learned this lesson during the sex scandals of the Clinton administration. 而我真的从克林顿的性丑闻里, 吸取了教训。
scandals:n.丑闻; v.(英)诋毁;
Or as I call them, the good old days. 或者我喜欢叫它,“美好的旧时光”。
(Laughter) （笑声）
When people I knew, you know, people who considered themselves liberal , and everything else, were making fun of Jennifer Flowers and Paula Jones. 当我认识的人,他们认为自己是自由主义者, 或者其它的政治信仰, 当他们取笑珍妮弗.花和波拉.琼斯的时候
liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人;
Basically, they were making fun of them for being trailer trash or white trash. 其实,他们也是在取笑自己, 说自己是拖车废物或者是白色废物。
trailer trash:n.住活动房屋的废物(指地位低下的贫困白人);
It seems, I suppose, a harmless prejudice and that you're not really hurting anybody. 这好象是,我认为,一种无伤大雅的偏见, 人们也不会因此受伤。
prejudice:n.偏见;侵害;vt.损害;使有偏见;
Until you read, as I did, an ad in the Los Angeles Times. 直到人们像我一样读到一个《洛杉矶时报》的广告,
'"For sale: White trash compactor ." “出售:白色废物压缩机。”
compactor:n.压土机;垃圾捣碎机;夯土机;[建]压实器;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So this whole subject-object thing has relevance to humor in this way. 所以这个客体——主体的问题, 是这样和幽默联系上的。
relevance:n.关联;适当;中肯;
I read a book by a woman named Amy Richlin, who is the chair of the Classics department at USC. 我读过一个叫艾米.里希林的女人写的一本书, 她是加州大学古典学院的院长。
Classics:n.经典;名著;杰作;(classic的复数)
And the book is called "The Garden of Priapus." 书名叫“普里阿普斯的花园”。
And she says that Roman humor mirrors the construction of Roman society. 她说到罗马式幽默, 反映了罗马社会的结构。
Roman:n.罗马人;古罗马语;adj.罗马的;罗马人的; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
So that Roman society was very top bottom, as ours is to some degree. 罗马社会当时是非常严格地至上而下的, 和我们（现在的社会）在某种程度上很像。
And so was humor. 所以幽默也相像。
There always had to the butt of a joke. 我们总有个关于屁股的笑话。
So it was always the satirist , like Juvenal or Marshall, represented the audience, and he was going to make fun of the outsider , the person who didn't share that subject status . 说所以总是像 朱文利和马歇尔这样的讽刺作家, 代表着听众, 而他们会取笑一个不相干的人, 这个人没有那种主观的身份
satirist:n.讽刺作家;爱挖苦的人; represented:v.代表; (represent的过去式和过去分词) outsider:n.外人;无取胜希望者; status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份;
And in stand-up of course, the stand-up comedian is supposed to dominate the audience. 而相声当然, 相声演员应该控制观众。
stand-up:起立 comedian:n.滑稽演员;喜剧演员; dominate:vt.控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位;vi.占优势;处于支配地位;
A lot of heckling is the tension of trying to make sure that the comedian is going to be able to dominate, and overcome the heckler . 多次大声的质疑是一种, 尝试去确定 演员有能力控制观众, 和克服质疑的张力。
heckling:vt.诘问;激烈质问;以麻梳梳理;n.麻梳; tension:n.张力;拉伸;矛盾;紧张局势(或关系,状况);v.绷紧; overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; heckler:n.激烈质问者;
And I got good at that when I was in stand up. 当我是相声演员的时候,我擅长这个。
But I always hated it because they were dictating the terms of the interaction . 但我一直都不喜欢它, 因为它控制了交流的时间。
dictating:n.口述;v.听写;命令(dictate的现在分词); interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;
In the same way that engaging in a serious argument determines the content , to some degree, of what you're talking about. 同样地,参与一个严肃的讨论, 某种程度上,也决定了讨论的内容, 决定了你要说什么。
engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) determines:v.查明;测定;准确算出;决定;裁决;安排;(determine的第三人称单数) content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
And I was looking for a form that didn't have that. 我就在找一个, 没有这种东西的形式。
And so I wanted something that was more interactive . 我想要有一种更多互动的方式。
interactive:adj.合作的;相互影响的;互相配合的;交互式的;n.交互式视频设备;
I know that word is so debased now by the use of it by Internet marketers . 我知道现在这词已经被 网络营销者给滥用了。
debased:adj.低质量的;v.贬低(debase的过去分词); marketers:n.卖主;市场营销者(marketer的复数);
I really miss the old telemarketers now, I'll tell you that. 我告诉你们,我现在真是很怀念以前的电话促销员。
telemarketers:n.电话销售员;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I do. Because at least there you stood a chance. You know? 是真的。因为你至少还有一点机会,你知道吗？
I used to actually hang up on them. 事实上,我以前总挂他们电话。
hang up on:因;挂断电话;
But then I read in Dear Abby that that was rude. 但是我在《亲爱的艾比》那读到,那太粗鲁了。
So the next time that one called 所以下一次有人打电话来,
I let him get halfway through his spiel and then I said, "You sound sexy." 我让他自圆其说到一半,我就说, “您的声音真性感。”
spiel:vi.演奏音乐; n.流利夸张的讲话; vt.演奏音乐;
(Laughter) （笑声）
He hung up on me! 结果他挂了我的电话！
(Laughter) （笑声）
But the interactivity allows the audience to shape what you're going to do as much as you shape their experience of the world. 但是互动使得观众, 能够改变你要表演的东西, 而也也能改造他们对世界的想法。
interactivity:n.交互性;互动性;
And that's really what I'm looking for. 这个就是我真正在找的。
And I was sort of, as I was starting to analyze what exactly it is that I do, 我就某种程度上,开始分析, 我在做的到底是什么。
analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse);
I read a book called " Trickster Makes This World," by Lewis Hyde. 我读到一本“变戏法的人创造了这个世界”,作者刘易斯.海德
Trickster:n.骗子;魔术师;
And it was like being psychoanalyzed . 感觉像是被精神分析了。
psychoanalyzed:vt.用精神分析疗法治疗分析;
I mean he had laid it all out. 他把什么都阐述明白了。
And then coming to this conference, 来到这个会上,
I realized that most everybody here shared those same qualities because really what trickster is is an agent of change. 我意识到这里大多数的人 都有着这些共同的特质。 因为变戏法的人, 其实是一个转变的催化剂。
agent:n.代理人,代理商;药剂;特工;v由…作中介;由…代理;adj.代理的;
Trickster is a change agent. 变戏法的人是转变的动因。
And the qualities that I'm about to describe are the qualities that make it possible to make change happen. 而我将要描述的特质, 是让转变有可能发生 的特质。
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
And one of these is boundary crossing. 而其中一种就是跨越界限。
boundary:n.边界;范围;分界线;
I think this is what so, in fact, infuriated the scientists. 我想,这事实上是个激怒科学家们的东西。
infuriated:adj.激怒的;感到愤怒的;v.激怒(infuriate的过去分词);
But I like to cross boundaries . 不过我喜欢跨过界限。
boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数)
I like to, as I said , talk about things I know nothing about. 我说过的,我喜欢谈论些自己一窍不通的东西。
as I said:正如我所说的
(Phone Ringing) （电话铃响）
I hope that's my agent, because you aren't paying me anything. 我希望那个是我经理人, 因为你都没付钱给我。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And I think it's good to talk about things I know nothing about because I bring a fresh viewpoint to it, you know? 而我觉得,谈论些我不知道的事情是好事儿, 你知道吗？因为我会给它带来一种全新的观点,
viewpoint:n.观点;角度;看法;
I'm able to see the contradiction that you may not be able to see. 我能看到的矛盾, 未必你也能看到。
Like for instance a mime once -- or a meme as he called himself. 就拿哑剧来做例子, 或者是他把自己叫做哑剧演员。
mime:n.哑剧;小丑;滑稽戏;v.摸拟表演; meme:n.大脑模仿病毒;文化基因;弥母;
He was a very selfish meme. 他是个自私的哑剧演员。
And he said that I had to show more respect because it took up to 18 years to learn how to do mime properly. 他就说我必须对他表示尊敬, 因为他花了将近18年, 学习怎么去演好哑剧。
And I said, "Well, that's how you know only stupid people go into it." 我就说,“哦,所以你知道,只有笨人才会去学。”
(Laughter) （笑声）
It only takes two years to learn how to talk. 学说话才花两三年。
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）
And you know people, this is the problem with quote, objectivity, unquote . 就像你们知道的,这就是, 引号,客观存在,引号,的问题了。
unquote:vi.(句,文等)结束(引文);vt.(句,文等)结束(引文);
When you're only surrounded by people who speak the same vocabulary as you, or share the same set of assumptions as you, you start to think that that's reality. 当你周围的人, 都跟你用同样的词汇说话, 或者和你的使用同样的假设。 你就开始认为那是真实的世界。
assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数)
Like economists, you know, their definition of rational, that we all act out of our own economic self-interest . 就像经济学家,你知道,他们对“理性”下的定义是, “我们的一切行为是为了自己的经济利益。”
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; self-interest:n.私利;利己主义;
Well, look at Michael Hawley, or look at Dean Kamen, or look at my grandmother. 那么,看看迈克尔.哈雷, 或者丁.卡门, 又或者我的祖母,
My grandmother always acted in other people's interests, whether they wanted her to or not. 她做事总是为了别人的利益, 无论那些人希不希望她这么做。
(Laughter) （笑声）
If they had had an Olympics in martyrdom , my grandmother would have lost on purpose . 而如果真有殉难的“奥林匹克”竞赛, 我祖母又会故意输掉比赛。
martyrdom:n.殉难,牺牲;受苦,受难; on purpose:有目的地,故意地;
(Laughter) （笑声）
'"No, you take the prize. “不不,你把奖杯拿走吧。
You're young. I'm old. Who's going to see it? 你还年轻,我老了,谁还会看到啊？
Where am I going? I'm going to die soon." 而我呢？我很快就要死了”
(Laughter) （笑声）
So that's one -- this boundary crossing, this go-between which -- 所以,这是其中一个——跨越界限。 那个中间人,
go-between:n.媒人;中间人;媒介者;
Fritz Lanting, is that his name, actually said that he was a go-between. 弗里茨·朗,他是叫这个名字吗？ 他也说过他是个中间人。
Fritz:n.德国人;德国佬;
That's an actual quality of the trickster. 这恰恰是变戏法的特质。
And another is, non-oppositional strategies . 而另外一个是,不对立策略
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
And this is instead of contradiction. 而这不是矛盾,
Where you deny the other person's reality, you have paradox where you allow more than one reality to coexist , 你不会否认别人的现实世界, 你会发现悖论, 你会让不同的现实世界同时存在。
paradox:n.悖论,反论;似非而是的论点;自相矛盾的人或事; coexist:vi.共存;和平共处;
I think there's another philosophical construction. 我想这就是另一种哲学架构了。
philosophical:adj.哲学的(等于philosophic);冷静的;
I'm not sure what it's called. 我不确定这叫什么。
But my example of it is a sign that I saw in a jewelry store. 我举的例子是我在一个珠宝店看到的牌子,
It said, "Ears pierced while you wait." 上面说,“您在等的时候,耳洞就已经扎好了。”
pierced:v.扎;刺破;穿透;穿过;透入;冲破;突破;(pierce的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
There the alternative just boggles the imagination . 另外的情况都让人胆战心惊。
alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; boggles:v.犹豫,退缩;惊恐;n.犹豫,退缩;惊奇; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
(Laughter) （笑声）
'"Oh no. Thanks though, I'll leave them here. Thanks very much. “噢,不,谢谢您了。我让它们好好呆着。谢谢了。
I have some errands to run. So I'll be back to pick them up around five, if that's OK with you. 我还有事儿呢,我会大概5点左右来取, 可以吗？
errands:n.差使;差事;(errand的复数)
Huh? Huh? What? Can't hear you." 啊？啊？什么？我听不见啦。”
(Laughter) （笑声）
And another attribute of the trickster is smart luck. 这又是另一个变戏法的特质: 聪明的运气。
attribute:n.属性;象征;v.把…归因于;认为…属于;认为某人(某物)具有某种特性;
That accidents, that Louis Kahn, who talked about accidents, this is another quality of the trickster. 路易斯·卡恩（著名建筑师）说意外的方式, 是一种变戏法的素质。
The trickster has a mind that is prepared for the unprepared . 变戏法的人有一种以不变应万变的头脑。
unprepared:adj.无准备的;即席的;尚未准备好的;
That, and I will say this to the scientists, that the trickster has the ability to hold his ideas lightly so that he can let room in for new ideas or to see the contradictions or the hidden problems with his ideas. 我将会对科学家们说,那就是, 他们能够轻松地看待 他们原有的想法, 所以他们能留给新想法以空间。 或者能看到矛盾,隐藏的问题 等等。
lightly:adv.轻轻地;轻松地;容易地;不费力地; contradictions:n.不一致,矛盾,对立;反驳;驳斥;(contradiction的复数)
I had no joke for that. 我不是开玩笑的。
I just wanted to put the scientists in their place. 我只是把科学家放到他们的位置上。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But here's how I think I like to make change, and that is in making connections. 不过这就是我想我喜欢做出改变的原因, 在于建立联系。
This is what I tend to see almost more than contradictions. 相比起矛盾, （联系）是我更愿意看到的。
Like the, what do you call those toes of the gecko ? 就像,你们把壁虎的脚趾叫什么？
toes:n.脚趾;足尖部;有…脚趾的;v.用脚尖走;(toe的第三人称单数和复数) gecko:n.[脊椎]壁虎;
You know, the toes of the gecko, curling and uncurling like the fingers of Michael Moschen. 你知道的,那些壁虎的脚趾, 蜷缩和直的,像迈克尔.莫舜的手指。
curling:n.冰壶,冰上溜石游戏;v.卷;(使)拳曲,鬈曲;(使)成拳曲状;(curl的现在分词)
I love connections. 我爱这些联系。
Like I'll read that one of the two attributes of matter in the Newtonian universe -- there are two attributes of matter in the Newtonian universe -- one is space occupancy . Matter takes up space. 就像我会读到牛顿宇宙学里面的, 物体的两大特性, 牛顿的宇宙学里面物体都有俩特性—— 一个是空间占有。物质占有空间。
attributes:v.把…归因于; n.属性; (attribute的第三人称单数和复数) occupancy:n.居住;占有;占用;
I guess the more you matter the more space you take up, which explains the whole SUV phenomenon . 我想,你越重要,你占的空间就越大, 这就解释了SUV的现象。
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
(Laughter) （笑声）
And the other one though is impenetrability. 另一特性就是“不可渗透性”。
Well, in ancient Rome, impenetrability was the criterion of masculinity . 好,在古罗马时期,不可渗透性, 是“雄性,男子气概”的标准。
criterion:n.(批评判断的)标准;准则;规范;准据; masculinity:n.男性;男子气;刚毅;
Masculinity depended on you being the active penetrator. “男子气概”需要, 你是一个积极主动的穿入者。
And then, in economics, there's an active producer and a passive consumer , which explains why business always has to penetrate new markets. 而在经济学里,有一个积极的生产者, 和一个消极的消费者。 这就解释了为什么生意上 老是要“渗透”新市场。
consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; penetrate:v.渗透;进入;穿过;看透;
Well yeah, I mean why we forced China to open her markets. 是啊,我的意思是我们强迫中国, 开放她的市场。
And didn't that feel good? 这种感觉爽吧？
(Laughter) （笑声）
And now we're being penetrated . 而现在我们反而被“渗透”了。
penetrated:v.穿过;进入;渗透,打入(组织、团体等);看透(penetrate的过去分词和过去式)
You know the biotech companies are actually going inside us and planting their little flags on our genes . 你知道那些生物技术的公司真的进入我们体内, 在我们的基因上插上了小旗。
biotech:abbr.生物技术;生物科技(biotechnology); genes:n.基因;(gene的复数)
You know we're being penetrated. 你知道我们被他们入侵了。
And I suspect , by someone who actively dislikes us. 我怀疑,那是讨厌我们的人干的。
suspect:n.犯罪嫌疑人;v.怀疑;不信任;adj.可疑的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
That's the second of the quadruple. 这是第二个回笼的笑话。
Yes of course you got that. Thank you very much. 当然你们明白了,非常感谢你们！
I still have a way to go. 我还有好多要说呢。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And what I hope to do, when I make these connections, is short circuit people's thinking. 而我希望,当我建立联系的时候, 能使人们的思维走捷径。
short circuit:vt.使短路;缩短;使…不工作;使简短;vi.发生短路;
You know, make you not follow your usual train of association , but make you rewire . 你知道, 使人们不按照惯例去联想, 使人们重新建立联系。
association:n.协会;关联;联想;交往; rewire:vt.给…再打电报;给…换新电线;vi.再发电报;重装电线;
It literally -- when people say about the shock of recognition , it's literally re-cognition, rewiring how you think -- 它实际上,当人们提到对认可的冲击, 它实际上是重新认可,重新联系你所想的。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可; rewiring:v.重新布线;重新接线(rewire的ing形式);
I had a joke to go with this and I forgot it. 我本来有个笑话的,我忘了,
I'm so sorry. I'm getting like the woman in that joke about -- have you heard this joke about the woman driving with her mother? 不好意思,快想起来了, 这是个关于一个女人的笑话—— 你们听过一个关于女人和她妈妈一起开车的笑话吗？
And the mother is elderly . 她的妈妈年纪比较大了。
elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的;
And the mother goes right through a red light. 她妈妈完全无视红灯,冲了过去
And the daughter doesn't want to say anything. 她女儿不想说什么。
She doesn't want to be like, "You're too old to drive." 她不想说,“你太老了,不适合开车。”
And the mother goes through a second red light. 她妈妈又冲了第二个红灯。
And the daughter says, as tactfully as possible, "Mom, are you aware that you just went through two red lights?" 她女儿就尽量巧妙地说, “妈妈,你意识到你冲了两个红灯了吗？”
tactfully:adv.巧妙地;机智地;
And the mother says, "Oh! Am I driving?" 那个妈妈说,“噢！我在开车吗？”
(Laughter) （笑声）
And that's the shock of recognition at the shock of recognition. 而这就是对认识的冲击里, 对认识的冲击。
That completes the quadruple. 这就完成了4个回笼笑话。
(Laughter) （笑声）
I just want to say two more things. 我只是想再说两件事情。
One is, another characteristic of trickster is that the trickster has to walk this fine line. 一个是,变戏法的人的另一种个性—— 就是他们必须学会面对, 这种艰难的困境。
characteristic:n.特征;特点;品质;adj.典型的;独特的;特有的;
He has to have poise . 他必须泰然自若。
poise:n.平衡;姿势;镇静;v.使平衡;保持...姿势;准备好;悬着;
And you know the biggest hurdle for me, in doing what I do, is constructing my performance so that it's prepared and unprepared. 你知道对我来说, 最大的障碍是—— 组织我的表演, 让它可以是有准备的也可以是即兴的。
hurdle:n.障碍;栏;跳栏;vt.克服;vi.克服;跳过; constructing:n.构造;v.构造(construct的现在分词); performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
Finding the balance between those things is always dangerous because you might tip off too much in the direction of unprepared. 在这些因素中间寻找平衡, 总是危险的。 因为你可能在即兴的时候,暗示得太多
tip:n.小窍门,小费;v.给…小费;使倾斜;
But being too prepared doesn't leave room for the accidents to happen. 但是太有准备了,又不能给意外的发生, 留下空间。
I was thinking about what Moshe Safdie said yesterday about beauty because in his book, Hyde says that sometimes trickster can tip over into beauty. 我在想昨天莫什.萨夫迪 关于“美丽”所说的。 因为在海德的书里,他说, 有时候变戏法的人可能会倒向美丽的一边。
But to do that you have to lose all the other qualities because once you're into beauty you're into a finished thing. 不过,要做到的话, 你必须先丧失其他的特质, 因为一旦你追求的是美, 那你就已经在追求一个完成了的东西。
You're into something that occupies space and inhabits time. 你就在追求, 占有空间和时间的东西。
occupies:v.使用,占用;使用(房屋、建筑);居住;侵占;占据;(occupy的第三人称单数) inhabits:v.居住在;栖居于;(inhabit的第三人称单数)
It's an actual thing. 它是一个真实的物体。
And it is always extraordinary to see a thing of beauty. 能看到美的东西总是很棒的。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
But if you don't do that, if you allow for the accident to keep on happening, you have the possibility of getting on a wavelength . 但是如果你不这么做, 如果你一直让意外发生着, 那你就有可能得到一个波长。
wavelength:n.[物]波长;
I like to think of what I do as a probability wave. 我总喜欢把我做的事情看做一个概率波。
probability:n.可能性;机率;[数]或然率;
When you go into beauty the probability wave collapses into one possibility. 当你去追求美的时候,这段概率的波, 就会变成一种可能性。
collapses:v.(突然)倒塌,坍塌;昏倒;坐下;(collapse的第三人称单数)
And I like to explore all the possibilities in the hope that you'll be on the wavelength of your audience. 而我却喜欢探索所有这些可能性, 并希望你可以在你的听众的波长上。
explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
And the one final quality I want to say about trickster is that he doesn't have a home. 最后一个关于变戏法的人的特质, 就是他没有一个家
He's always on the road. 他一直都在路上。
I want to say to you Richard, in closing, that in TED you've created a home. 我想在最后对你说,理查德, 在TED你创造了一个家。
And thank you for inviting me into it. 谢谢你邀请我加入。
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
(Applause) （掌声）