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EmilyFRothman_2018P-_色情如何改变青少年对于性的想法_
[This talk contains mature content] 〔本演说含有成人内容〕
mature:v.成熟; adj.明白事理的;
Six years ago, 六年前,
I discovered something that scientists have been wanting to know for years. 我发现了某件科学家多年来 一直想要知道的事。
How do you capture the attention of a roomful of extremely bored teenagers? 你如何吸引满屋子中 无聊透顶的青少年们的注意力？
capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 roomful:n.满房间;全屋的人; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; bored:adj.无聊的;厌倦的;烦闷的;v.使厌烦;钻,凿,挖;(bore的过去分词和过去式)
It turns out all you have to do is mention the word pornography . 结果发现,你只要做一件事, 就是提到「色情」这个词。
pornography:n.淫秽作品;色情书刊(或音像制品等)
(Laughter) （笑声）
Let me tell you how I first learned this. 让我告诉你最初我是怎么发现的。
In 2012, I was sitting in a crowded room full of high school students who were attending an after-school program in Boston . 2012 年,我坐在一间 满是高中生的拥挤房间中, 他们是去参加个课后活动, 地点在波士顿。
after-school:放学后 Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市);
And my job, as guest speaker for the day, was to inspire them to think about how exciting it would be to have a career in public health. 身为当天的客座讲者,我的工作 就是要鼓励他们去思考 投入公共卫生的职涯 是多么让人兴奋。
inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
The problem was, as I looked at their faces, 问题是, 当我看着他们的脸,
I could see that their eyes were glazing over, and they were just tuning out. 我看得出来他们目光呆滞, 他们已经充耳不闻。
glazing:n.上釉;玻璃装配业;v.上釉(glaze的ing形式); tuning:n.调谐;收听;调音;v.(为乐器)调音;调节(发动机);调频道;(tune的现在分词)
It didn't even matter that I wore what I thought was my cool outfit that day. 即使那天我穿着自认为很酷的服装, 也没有任何幫助。
outfit:n.全套服装;团队;小组;分队;v.装备;配置设备;供给服装;
I was just losing my audience. 我就要失去我的听众了。
So, then one of the two adults who worked for the program said, "Aren't you doing some research about pornography? 于是,成年活动工作人员的 「你不是有做一些关于色情的研究吗？
Maybe tell them about that." 也许可以跟他们谈那些。」
All of a sudden , that room full of high school students exploded into laughter, high fives. 突然,那间满是高中生的房间 欢声雷动,大家互相击掌。
All of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地; exploded:adj.分解的; v.爆炸; (explode的过去分词和过去式)
I think there were some loud hooting noises. 我认为还有一些很大的嘘叫声。
hooting:v.喊叫;鸣响;摄制(hoot的ing形式);
And all anyone had done was say that one word -- pornography. 一切都只是因为有人说了 「色情」这个词。
That moment would prove to be an important turning point for me and my professional mission of finding solutions to end dating and sexual violence . 事实证明,那一刻 是个重要的转捩点, 改变了我和我专業使命: 找出终结约会暴力 和性暴力的解决方案。
turning point:转折点; professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
At that point, I'd been working for more than a decade on this seemingly intractable problem of dating violence. 那时,我已经投入十多年的时间 在处理看似很棘手的约会暴力问题。
seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来; intractable:adj.棘手的;难治的;倔强的;不听话的;
Data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrate that one in five high school-attending youth experience physical and/or sexual abuse by a dating partner each year in the US. 美国疾病管制与预防中心的资料显示, 每年在美国,每五位高中生就有一位 会遭到约会对象 施以身体及／或性虐待。
Disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; Prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍; demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂;
That makes dating violence more prevalent than being bullied on school property, seriously considering suicide , or even vaping, in that same population. 在同样的年轻族群中, 约会暴力比在校内的霸凌还更普遍, 也多过慎重思考想要自杀 或甚至抽电子香烟的人数比例。
prevalent:adj.流行的;普遍的,广传的; bullied:v.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;(bully的过去分词和过去式) suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀;
But solutions were proving elusive . 但已证明很难找到解决方案。
elusive:adj.难懂的;易忘的;逃避的;难捉摸的;
And I was working with a research team that was hunting for novel answers to the question: 我和一个研究团队合作, 该团队的宗旨是在为 这个问题找出新颖的答案:
novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说;
What's causing dating abuse, and how do we stop it? 造成约会暴力的原因为何 以及我们要如何阻止它？
One of the research studies that we were working on at the time happened to include a few questions about pornography. 当时我们所进行的一个研究项目 刚好涵盖了几个和色情有关的问题。
And something unexpected was emerging from our findings . 从我们的研究结果中, 发现了未预期的现象。
unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的; emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) findings:n.调查发现;判决;裁决;(finding的复数)
Eleven percent of the teen girls in our sample reported that they had been forced or threatened to do sexual things that the perpetrator saw in pornography. 我们的样本中有 11% 的青少女 据报说她们曾经被强迫或遭威胁 去做犯罪者在色情产品中 看过的性行为。
perpetrator:n.犯罪者;作恶者;行凶者;
That got me curious . 那激起了我的好奇心。
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
Was pornography to blame for any percentage of dating violence? 约会暴力要归咎于色情产品吗？
percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成;
Or was it more like a coincidence that the pornography users also happen to be more likely to be in unhealthy relationships? 还是恰巧色情产品的使用者 更可能是处于不健康关系的那些人？
coincidence:n.巧合,巧事;同时存在;并存;相同; unhealthy:不健康的
I investigated by reading everything that I could from the peer-reviewed literature , and by conducting my own research. 我藉着阅读同侪审查的文献, 和自己所进行的研究, 来调查、探讨这些问题。
investigated:v.侦查;调查;研究;(investigate的过去分词和过去式) peer-reviewed:n.同行评议;同行审阅; literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作; conducting:v.组织;安排;实施;指挥;引导;导游(conduct的现在分词)
I wanted to know what kinds of sexually explicit media youth were watching, and how often and why, and see if I could piece together if it was part of the reason that for so many of them dating relationships were apparently unhealthy. 我想知道,年轻人看的 是哪种露骨的色情媒体、 观看的次数、原因, 想知道我能不能拼凑出色情是否是 这么多年轻人的约会关系 显然不健康的原因之一。
sexually:adv.性,性欲 explicit:adj.明确的;清楚的;直率的;详述的; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; piece together:拼凑; apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上;
As I read, I tried to keep an open mind, even though there were plenty of members of the public who'd already made up their mind about the issue . 我在阅读时,尽量保持开放心态, 即使有很多社会大众 对于这个议题已经自有定见。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
Why would I keep an open mind about pornography? 我为什么要对色情保持开放心态？
Well, I'm a trained social scientist , so it's my job to be objective . 我是位训练有素的社会科学家, 所以我的工作就是要保持客观。
social scientist:n.社会科学家; objective:n.目标; adj.客观的;
But I'm also what people call sex-positive. 但,我也有所谓积极正面的性态度。
That means that I fully support people's right to enjoy whatever kind of sex life and sexuality they find fulfilling , no matter what it involves , as long as it includes the enthusiastic consent of all parties involved . 意思就是,我完全支持人们有权 享受他们自己觉得很满足的 那种性生活和性行为, 不论是怎样的, 只要得到参与各方的热情同意即可。
sexuality:n.[胚]性别;性欲;性征;性方面的事情(比如性行为或性能力); fulfilling:adj.让人感觉有意义的; v.实现; (fulfill的现在分词) no matter what:不管什么…; involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数) as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; enthusiastic:adj.热情的;热心的;狂热的; consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
That said, I personally wasn't inclined towards watching pornography. 即使如此,我个人 并不倾向去看色情片。
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; inclined:adj.有…倾向; v.(使)倾向于,有…的趋势; (incline的过去分词和过去式)
I'd seen some, didn't really do anything for me. 我看过一些,对我没起什么作用。
And as a mom of two soon-to-be teenage children, 身为两个即将踏入青少年小孩的妈,
soon-to-be:即将成为…的;
I had my own concerns about what seeing pornography could do to them. 我有我个人的担忧, 担心看色情产品 会对他们造成什么影响。
concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式);
I noticed that while there were a lot of people who were denouncing pornography, there were also people who were staunch defenders of it for a variety of reasons. 我注意到,虽然 有很多人会谴责色情产品, 但也有出于各种理由 而非常坚定捍卫着它的守护者。
denouncing:v.谴责;指责;斥责;告发;(denounce的现在分词) staunch:adj.坚定的;忠诚的;坚固的;vt.止住;止血; defenders:n.后卫;防御者(defender的复数); variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化;
So in my scholarly exploration , 在我的学术探索中,
scholarly:adj.博学的;学者风度的;学者派头的; exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术;
I genuinely tried to understand: 我真的想要了解:
genuinely:adv.真诚地;诚实地;
Was pornography bad for you or was it good for you? 色情对你是有好处还是坏处？
Was it misogynist or was it empowering ? 它是在仇视女性, 还是能赋权给女性？
misogynist:n.厌恶女人的人; empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
And there was not one singular answer that emerged clearly. 没有单一个答案清楚浮现。
singular:adj.单数的;单一的;非凡的;异常的;n.单数; emerged:v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现;暴露;露出真相;显现;(emerge的过去分词和过去式)
There was one longitudinal study that had me really worried, that showed that teenagers who saw pornography were subsequently more likely to perpetrate sexual violence. 有一项纵贯性研究真的让我很担心, 该研究显示,看了色情片的青少年 之后更有可能犯下性暴力的罪行。
longitudinal:adj.长度的,纵向的;经线的; subsequently:adv.随后,其后;后来; perpetrate:vt.犯(罪);做(恶);
But the design of the study didn't allow for definitive causal conclusions . 但该研究的设计并没有办法 导出明确因果关系的结论。
definitive:n.限定词;adj.决定性的;最后的;限定的; causal:adj.因果关系的;有原因的;n.表示原因的连词; conclusions:n.结论,总结;决定;(conclusion的复数)
And there were other studies that did not find that adolescent pornography use was associated with certain negative outcomes . 还有其他研究,并没有发现 青春期接触色情产品 会和某种负面的结果有关。
adolescent:adj.青春期的;未成熟的;n.青少年; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
Even though there were other studies that did find that. 即便如此,还是有其他研究 发现它和负面结果有关。
But as I spoke to other experts, 但我和其他专家谈过,
I felt tremendous pressure to pick a side about pornography. 要我针对色情选边站, 我感到很大的压力。
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的;
Join one team or the other. 加入这队或另一队。
I was even told that it was weak-minded of me not to be able to pick out the one correct answer about pornography. 甚至有人告诉我,我心智薄弱 才会无法针对色情选出一个正确答案。
weak-minded:adj.优柔寡断的;低能的;懦怯的;
And it was complicated , because there is an industry that is capitalizing off of audience's fascination with seeing women, in particular , not just having sex, but being chocked , gagged , slapped , spit upon, ejaculated upon, called degrading names over and over during sex, and not always clearly with their consent. 这很复杂, 因为有一个产業 是靠着观众对女性的迷恋 与幻想来赚大钱, 特别的是,不仅仅只是性行为, 还有被掐住、被塞住嘴巴、 被赏巴掌、被吐口水、被射精, 在性行为过程中不断地 用卑劣的用语辱骂女性, 且不见得都有明确得到她们的同意。
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) capitalizing:资本化; fascination:n.魅力;魔力;入迷; in particular:尤其,特别; chocked:v.楔住;用楔子垫阻(chock的过去分词); gagged:n.塞口;vt.塞住,堵住;呕吐(gag的过去式,过去分词); slapped:v.(用手掌)打,拍,掴;随意扔放;(slap的过去分词和过去式) ejaculated:vt.突然说出;射出;vi.射精;射出液体;n.一次射出的精液; degrading:adj.降低身份的; v.降低…身份; (degrade的现在分词) over and over:反复;再三;
Most people would agree that we have a serious problem with misogyny , sexual violence and rape in this country, and pornography probably isn't helping with any of that. 大部分人会认同, 我们在这个国家中 有仇视女性、性暴力, 和强暴的严重问题, 而色情产品可能一点忙也没幫到。
misogyny:n.厌恶女人;[医]厌女症; rape:n.强奸罪;强奸案;v.强奸;强暴;
And a critically important problem to me was that for more than a century, the anti-pornography position had been used as a pretext for discriminating against gays and lesbians or people who have kinks or have fetishes . 对我来说,有个非常重要的问题, 超过一世纪之久, 反色情的立场都一直被用来当作 歧视男同志和女同志, 或有怪癖或恋物倾向的人的藉口。
critically:adv.精密地;危急地;批评性地;用钻研眼光地; pretext:n.借口;托辞;vt.以…为借口; discriminating:adj.有识别力的; v.区别; lesbians:n.女同性恋者;(lesbian的复数) kinks:n.奇想乐队(乐队名); fetishes:盲目崇拜(fetish的复数);
So I could see why, on the one hand , we might be very worried about the messages that pornography is sending, and on the other hand , why we might be really worried about going overboard indicting it. 一方面,我能理解为什么 我们会非常担心色情产品传递的讯息, 另一方面, 也能理解为什么 我们会担心过分控诉它。
on the one hand:一方面; on the other hand:另一方面; overboard:adv.自船上落下;向船外;adj.极其热心的;全身心投入的; indicting:v.控告;起诉;(indict的现在分词)
For the next two years, 在接下来两年,
I looked into every scary, horrifying claim that I could find about the average age at which people first see pornography, or what it does to their brains or their sexuality. 我去研究了我所能找到的 各种可怕、吓人的主张, 都是关于大家第一次 接触到色情产品的平均年龄, 或者它对他们的大脑 或性行为造成什么影响。
horrifying:adj.令人极其震惊的;v.惊吓;使厌恶;(horrify的现在分词) claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得;
Here's what I have to report back. 我所得到的资讯如下。
The free, online, mainstream pornography, that's the kind that teenagers are most likely to see, is a completely terrible form of sex education. 免费、线上的主流色情产品, 那是青少年最可能会看见的类型, 它是一种最糟糕的性教育形式。
mainstream:n.主流;
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）
But that's not what it was intended for. 但它原本的目就不是要教导性教育。
intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式)
And it probably is not instantly poisoning their minds or turning them into compulsive users, the way that some ideologues would have you believe. 它可能也不会马上毒害他们的大脑, 或者将他们变成强迫型使用者, 有些倡导家会试图 用上述这些说词来说服各位。
compulsive:adj.强制的;强迫的; ideologues:n.思想家,理论家,空想家;
It's a rare person who doesn't see some pornography in their youth. 只有很少数的人在年轻时 没有看过色情作品。
By the time they're 18 years old, 93 percent of first year college males and 62 percent of females have seen pornography at least once. 到了十八岁时, 大学新鲜人中, 93% 男性和 62% 女性 都至少看过一次色情作品。
And though people like to say that the internet has made pornography ubiquitous , or basically guarantees that any young child who's handed a smartphone is definitely going to see pornography, data don't really support that. 虽然大家会说 网路让色情无所不在, 或基本上保证任何一个孩子 只要有智慧手机 就一定会看到色情片, 资料并不支持这种说法。
ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的;无所不在的; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; guarantees:v.保证(guarantee的第三人称单数); n.保证,[法]担保; smartphone:n.智能手机; definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
A nationally representative study found that in the year 2000 16 percent of 10-to-13-year-old youth reported that they'd seen pornography in the past year. 一项有全国代表性的研究 发现,在 2000 年, 十到十三岁的孩子中,有 16% 说他们在去年有看过色情作品。
nationally:adv.全国性地;以国民立场地;举国一致地; representative:n.代表; adj.典型的;
And by 2010, that figure had increased. 到了 2010 年,那个数字增加了。
But only to 30 percent. 但只增加到 30%。
So it wasn't everybody. 所以不是每个人都会。
Our problems with adolescents and sexual violence perpetration is not only because of pornography. 青少年和性暴力犯罪的问题 并不只是因为色情。
adolescents:n.[人类]青少年(adolescent复数); perpetration:n.做坏事;
In fact, a recent study found that adolescents are more likely to see sexualized images in other kinds of media besides pornography. 事实上,一项近期的研究发现 青少年更有可能 在色情产品以外的 其他类型媒体上看到色情图像。
sexualized:v.使性感;(sexualize的过去式和过去分词) images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外;
Think about all those sexualized video games, or TV shows, or music videos. 想想看那些含有性暗示的电玩游戏, 或者电视节目, 或者音乐影片（MV）。
And it could be exposure to a steady stream of violent media that instead of or in addition to the sexualized images is causing our problems. 它可能源源不断地在强势媒体中曝光, 而不是／不仅是色情图像, 造成我们的问题。
exposure:n.暴露;显露;揭露;面临; steady:adj.稳定的; v.使稳定; v.稳定地; n.关系固定的情侣; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; in addition to:除…之外;
By focusing on the potential harms of pornography alone, we may be distracting ourselves from bigger issues . 单单把焦点放在色情产品 会带来的潜在伤害, 可能让我们无法看到更大的议题。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; distracting:adj.令人分心的; v.转移(注意力); (distract的现在分词) issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Or missing root causes of dating and sexual violence, which are the true public health crises . 或者漏掉了约会暴力 及性暴力的根本原因, 这才是真正的公共卫生危机。
crises:n.危机,紧要关头;危险期(crisis的复数形式);
That said, even my own research demonstrates that adolescents are turning to pornography for education and information about sex. 也就是说,就连我自己的研究 也显示出青少年开始把色情作品 当作性教育和知识的来源。
demonstrates:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;演示;(demonstrate的第三人称单数)
And that's because they can't find reliable and factual information elsewhere . 那是因为他们无法在其他地方 找到可靠、真实的资讯。
reliable:adj.可信赖的;可依靠的;真实可信的;可靠的; factual:adj.事实的;真实的; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
Less than 50 percent of the states in the United States require that sex education be taught in schools, including how to prevent coerced sex. 美国只有不到一半的州 要求学校要教性教育, 包括如何预防强迫性行为。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) coerced:强制,强迫,胁迫,迫使(coerce的过去式和过去分词);
And less than half of those states require that the information presented be medically accurate . 在那些州当中,又只有不到一半的州 会要求呈现出来的资讯 具医学的准确性。
medically:adv.医学上地;医药上地; accurate:adj.精确的;
So in that Boston after-school program, those kids really wanted to talk about sex, and they really wanted to talk about pornography. 所以,在波士顿的 那个课后活动方案中, 那些孩子真的想要谈谈性, 他们真的想要谈谈色情。
And they wanted to talk about those things a whole lot more than they wanted to talk about dating or sexual violence. 比起约会暴力或性暴力, 他们更想要谈谈那些议题。
So we realized, we could cover all of the same topics that we might normally talk about under the guise of healthy relationships education, like, what's a definition of sexual consent? 所以,我们发现, 我们可以用上健康关系教育的名义, 来谈论所有那些相同的主题, 比如,性同意的定义是什么？
all of the same:仍旧; normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; guise:n.伪装;装束;外观;vt.使化装;vi.伪装; definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
Or, how do you know if you're hurting somebody during sex? 或你要如何知道在性行为 过程中你已经伤到对方了？
Or what are healthy boundaries to have when you're flirting ? 又或者在调情时的健康界线到哪里？
boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数) flirting:v.调情,打情骂俏;(flirt的现在分词)
All of these same things we could discuss by using pornography as the jumping-off point for our conversation. 我们要讨论上述所有这些主题时, 都可以用色情当作起始点, 开启我们的对话。
jumping-off point:n.出发点;起点;
It's sort of like when adults give kids a desert like brownies , but they secretly baked a zucchini or something healthy inside of it. 这有点像是成人会 给孩子像是布朗尼的点心, 但他们会偷偷把櫛瓜 或有益健康的东西放在里面。
brownies:n.巧克力方块蛋糕;幼女童军;(brownie的复数) baked:v.烘烤;焙;烤硬;灼热;(bake的过去分词和过去式) zucchini:n.绿皮西葫芦;
(Laughter) （笑声）
We could talk to the kids about the healthy stuff , the stuff that's good for you, but hide it inside a conversation that was about something that they thought they wanted to be talking about. 我们能和孩子们谈 健康、有助益的内容, 但把这些都包装在一个 他们会想要去谈论的对话当中。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
We also discovered something that we didn't necessarily set out to find, which is that there's a fantastic way to have a conversation with teenagers about pornography. 我们也有一个无预期的发现, 那就是有一种很棒的方法,
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; fantastic:奇异的,空想的
And that is, keep the conversation true to science. 那方法就是, 确保谈话都有科学根据。
Admit what we know and what we don't know about the impact of pornography. 承认对于色情所带来的影响 我们已知和不知道的部分。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
Talk about where there are mixed results or where there are weaknesses in the studies that have been conducted . 谈谈可能会有混杂的结果, 或已进行的研究中存在的缺失之处。
conducted:v.组织;安排;实施;执行;指挥;带领;引导;(conduct的过去分词和过去式)
Invite the adolescents to become critical consumers of the research literature on pornography, as well as the pornography itself. 邀请青少年成为色情研究文献 以及色情产品本身的重要消费者。
consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
That really fits with adolescent development. 那真的符合青春期的发展。
Adolescents like to question things and they like to be invited to think for themselves. 青少年喜欢质疑事物, 他们也喜欢受邀为他们自己思考。
And we realized by starting to experiment, teaching some classes in consent, respect and pornography, that trying to scare adolescents into a particular point of view 我们透过实验瞭解到, 在教导学生们同意、尊重和色情时, 试图用恫吓的方式 灌输青少年某种观点,
point of view:观点;见地;立场;
or jam a one-sided argument down their throat about pornography not only probably does not work, but really doesn't model the kind of respectful , consensual behavior that we want them to learn. 或强迫他们接受单一面向的色情论点, 不仅大概行不通, 同时也没有以身作责, 示范我们希望他们能学到 带着尊重且双方皆同意的态度行为。
one-sided:adj.片面的,单方面的;不公正的; respectful:adj.恭敬的;有礼貌的; consensual:adj.交感的;在双方同意下成立的;
So our approach , what we call pornography literacy , is about presenting the truth about pornography to the best of our knowledge, given that there is an ever-changing evidence base. 我们的方法称为色情产品知识, 它的重点在于, 在我们所知的范围内, 鉴于证据不断改变的基础下, 尽可能呈现出色情产品的背后真相。
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学; ever-changing:adj.千变万化的;常变的; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
When people hear that we teach a nine-session, 18-hour class in pornography literacy to teenagers, 当别人听到我们安排 十八小时共九堂课 来教导青少年分析色情产品的知识时,
I think that they either think that we're sitting kids down and trying to show them how to watch pornography, which is not what we do, or that we're part of an anti-pornography activist group 我想,他们若不是认为 我们是要孩子坐下来, 试图教他们如何看色情片, 其实我们不会这么做, 要不然就认为我们是 反色情活动团体的人,
activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子;
that's trying to convince them that if they ever saw pornography, it would be the number one worst thing for their health ever. 在试图说服青少年, 色情片是影响健康的头号敌人。
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说;
And that's not it, either. 我们也不会这样做。
Our secret ingredient is that we're nonjudgmental . 我们的秘密成份是: 我们不会评断。
ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分;adj.构成组成部分的; nonjudgmental:adj.非主观的;无偏见的;
We don't think that youth should be watching pornography. 我们不认为年轻人应该看色情片。
But, above all, we want them to become critical thinkers if and when they do see it. 但,我们希望他们如果 真的看到了色情片, 首先要能够做出批评性的思考。
And we've learned, from the number of requests for our curriculum and our training, from across the US and beyond, that there are a lot of parents and a lot of teachers who really do want to be having these more nuanced and realistic conversations with teenagers about pornography. 我们发现, 根据全美各地和其他地方 对课程和训练的需求量来看, 我们发现其实有很多父母和老师 都真的想要针对色情, 跟青少年做更细微、更真实的对谈。
curriculum:n.课程;总课程; nuanced:adj.微妙的; v.精确细腻地表演; realistic:adj.现实的;现实主义的;逼真的;实在论的;
We've had requests from Utah to Vermont , to Alabama , to Hawaii. 我们接到的请求, 从犹他州到佛蒙特州、 到阿拉巴马州、到夏威夷。
Utah:n.美国犹他州; Vermont:n.佛蒙特州(美国州名,略作VT); Alabama:n.阿拉巴马州(美国州名);
So in that after-school program, what I saw, is that from the minute we mentioned the word pornography, those kids were ready to jump in to a back-and-forth 所以,在那课后活动专案中, 我看到的是,从我们 提到「色情」一词开始, 那些孩子已经开始你来我往,
back-and-forth:前后移动的,来回的,反复的;
about what they did and didn't want to see in pornography, and what they did and didn't want to do during sex. 谈论他们想要和不想要 在色情片中看到什么, 以及在性爱的过程中 他们想要和不想要做什么。
And what was degrading to women or unfair to men or racist , all of it. 也谈到怎样是贬低女性, 或对男性不公平,或有种族主义, 所有这些都有谈到。
racist:n.种族主义者;种族主义的;
And they made some really sophisticated points. 他们还有一些很精湛的论点。
sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的;
Exactly the kinds of things that we would want them to be talking about as violence prevention activists. 这些正是身为预防暴力活动家的我们 希望他们能够去谈论的主题。
And as teachers, we might leave the class one day and think, "It is really sad that there's that one boy in our class who thinks that all women have orgasms from anal sex." 身为老师,可能有一天 我们离开教室时,会想: 「真悲哀,我们班上有一个男孩 认为所有的女性都是 从肛交产生高潮的。」
orgasms:n.[生理]性高潮;极度兴奋;v.达到性高潮;(orgasm的第三人称单数和复数) anal:adj.[解剖]肛门的,直肠的;肛门附近的;
And we might leave class the next week and think, "I'm really glad that there's that one kid in our class who's gay, who said that seeing his sexuality represented in pornography saved his life." 可能下周我们离开教室时,会想: 「我很高兴我们班上 有一个同性恋孩子说, 在色情中看到他的性向被描绘出来, 救了他一命。」
represented:v.代表; (represent的过去式和过去分词)
Or, "There's that one girl in our class who said that she's feeling a lot better about her body, because she saw someone shaped like her as the object of desire in some tame pornography." 或:「我们班上有一个女孩, 她说对自己身体的观感 觉得变好许多, 因为她在比较温和的色情片中 看到和她身材一样的人 被当成渴望的对象。」
tame:adj.养驯的;驯服的;平淡无奇的;枯燥乏味的;v.驯化;驯服;使易于控制;
So this is where I find myself as a violence prevention activist. 这是我发觉自己扮演 预防暴力的活动家的时候。
I find myself talking about and researching pornography. 我发现自己会去谈论、研究色情。
And though it would be easier if things in life were all one way or the other, what I've found in my conversations with teenagers about pornography is that they remain engaged in these conversations because we allow them to grapple with the complexities . 虽然,如果人生中凡事都 非黑即白就会容易许多, 我在和青少年探讨色情的对话中, 发现他们持续参与这些对谈, 因为我们让他们尽力解决 这些复杂的问题。
engaged in:从事于;忙于; grapple:v.扭打;搏斗;努力设法解决;n.格斗;紧握;抓机; complexities:n.复杂性(complexity的复数);错综复杂的事物;
And because we're honest about the science. 且因我们忠于科学的事证。
These adolescents may not be adults yet, but they are living in an adult world. 这些青少年还不是成人, 但他们生活在成人的世界里。
And they're ready for adult conversations. 他们已准备好做成人的对谈了。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）