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EloraHardy_2015-_精美的竹制魔法屋_
When I was nine years old, my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like, and I drew this fairy mushroom. 在我九岁的时候, 我妈妈问我将来想要一个什么样子的房子, 然后我画了这个童话大蘑菇。
fairy:n.仙子;adj.美丽的;优雅的;妖精(一样)的;
And then she actually built it. 然后......她真的造了一个这样的房子。
(Laughter) （笑）
I don't think I realized this was so unusual at the time, and maybe I still haven't, because I'm still designing houses. 我当时并没意识到这个有多与众不同, 或许我现在也没有, 因为我还在设计房子。
This is a six-story bespoke home on the island of Bali. 这是一个在巴厘岛的六层定制房。
bespoke:adj.定做的;预定的;vt.预约,显示出;
It's built almost entirely from bamboo. 它几乎完全是由竹子打造的,
The living room overlooks the valley from the fourth floor. 在四楼的客厅可以俯视整个山谷。
living room:n.客厅;起居室; overlooks:vt.忽略;俯瞰;远眺;检查;高耸于…之上;n.忽视;眺望;
You enter the house by a bridge. 房子的入口是一座桥。
It can get hot in the tropics , so we make big curving roofs to catch the breezes . 热带会很热, 所以我们造了巨大的弧形屋顶来让凉风进入房子。
tropics:n.热带地区; curving:adj.弯曲的;n.弯曲;曲线;变形;v.使弯曲;弯成弧形(curve的ing形式); breezes:n.[气象]微风(breeze的复数); v.吹微风(breeze的第三人称单数形式);
But some rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in and the bugs out. 但是一些房间有很高的窗户,为了能够使用空调, 同时阻隔蚊虫。
air conditioning:n.空调系统;空气调节; bugs:n.缺陷;虫子;窃听器;(bug的复数)v.窃听;使烦恼;(bug的第三人称单数)
This room we left open. 这个房间是开放式的。
We made an air-conditioned , tented bed. 我们做了一个帐篷式的床,并配备了空调。
air-conditioned:adj.备有空调装置的; v.给…装上空调器;
And one client wanted a TV room in the corner of her living room. 一个顾客想要在客厅的一角建一个电视间。
client:n.[经]客户;顾客;委托人;
Boxing off an area with tall walls just didn't feel right, so instead, we made this giant woven pod. 将一个角落用高墙围起来总是不太美观, 所以我们做了这个巨大的竹编隔间。
giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 woven:v.编织;交织(weave的过去分词);编造;adj.织物的;n.机织织物;
Now, we do have all the necessary luxuries , like bathrooms. 我们还配齐了所有必须的设施,比如卫生间。
luxuries:n.奢侈的享受;奢华;奢侈品;(luxury的复数)
This one is a basket in the corner of the living room, and I've got tell you, some people actually hesitate to use it. 这是一个在客厅角落里的篮子, 说实话,一些人从来不愿意去用它。
hesitate:v.(对某事)犹豫,迟疑不决;顾虑;疑虑;
We have not quite figured out our acoustic insulation . 因为我们还没有解决隔音的问题。
acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的;n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器; insulation:n.绝缘;隔离,孤立;
(Laughter) （笑）
So there are lots of things that we're still working on, but one thing I have learned is that bamboo will treat you well if you use it right. 所以我们还在努力解决一些类似问题, 但是我学到了一样东西, 那就是竹子的好处多多,如果你能正确的使用它。
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
It's actually a wild grass. 它其实是一种野草。
It grows on otherwise unproductive land -- deep ravines , mountainsides . 它生长在一些不毛之地—— 例如峭壁和深壑中。
unproductive:adj.非生产性的;徒劳的;不毛的;不生产的; ravines:n.峡谷;<诗>劫掠;赃物;大嚼;(ravine的复数) mountainsides:n.山腰;山坡;
It lives off of rainwater , spring water, sunlight , and of the 1,450 species of bamboo that grow across the world, we use just seven of them. 它们可以靠雨水,泉水和阳光生长, 全世界有1450种竹子, 我们只用了其中的七种。
rainwater:n.雨水;软水; sunlight:n.日光; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
That's my dad. 这是我父亲。
He's the one who got me building with bamboo, and he is standing in a clump of Dendrocalamus asper niger that he planted just seven years ago. 是他启发了我用竹子造房子, 这张照片中, 他正站在自己七年前种下的马来甜龙竹林里。
clump:n.丛;笨重的脚步声;土块;v.形成一丛;以沉重的步子行走;
Each year, it sends up a new generation of shoots. 每年这里都会长出新的竹笋。
That shoot, we watched it grow a meter in three days just last week, so we're talking about sustainable timber in three years. 这根竹笋,上周我们看着它在三天之内长高了一米, 所以三年内这些竹子就可以成为取之不尽的有用之才。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; timber:n.木材;木料;
Now, we harvest from hundreds of family-owned clumps . 现在,我们能够从数百个自家所有的竹林中获得建筑材料。
clumps:块;
Betung, as we call it, it's really long, up to 18 meters of usable length. 勿洞竹, 我们这么称呼它,它非常的长。 可用的长度达到了18米。
Try getting that truck down the mountain. 可以想象一下用货车把它运下山的情景。
And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel, the compressive strength of concrete . 它也非常坚固:拉伸力与钢铁相当, 耐压程度与水泥不相上下。
tensile:adj.[力]拉力的;可伸长的;可拉长的; compressive:adj.压缩的;有压缩力的; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
Slam four tons straight down on a pole , and it can take it. 哪怕用四吨的力冲击一根竹子, 它也不会断裂。
Slam:v.(使…)砰地关上; n.猛关(或推,摔,撞等); pole:n.磁极;电极;柱子;杆子;v.用篙撑船;摆船;
Because it's hollow , it's lightweight , light enough to be lifted by just a few men, or, apparently , one woman. 因为它是中空的,所以很轻, 轻到几个男人就能抬起来, 或者,很明显,一个女人。
hollow:n.孔; v.挖; adj.中空的; v.彻底; lightweight:n.轻量级选手;无足轻重的人;adj.重量轻的;平均重量以下的; apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上;
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑）（掌声）
And when my father built Green School in Bali, he chose bamboo for all of the buildings on campus , because he saw it as a promise. 当我的父亲在建造巴厘岛的格林学校的时候, 他选择用竹子来建造校园建筑, 因为他认为这是一个承诺,
campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地;
It's a promise to the kids. 一个对孩子们的承诺。
It's one sustainable material that they will not run out of . 这是一种可持续使用的材料,取之不尽。
run out of:用完;
And when I first saw these structures under construction about six years ago, 六年前,当我第一次看到这些正在搭建的建筑的时候,
structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
I just thought, this makes perfect sense. 我就觉得,这个想法是完全可行的。
It is growing all around us. 竹子几乎无处不在。
It's strong. It's elegant . 它很有韧性,很优雅。
elegant:adj.高雅的,优雅的;讲究的;简炼的;简洁的;
It's earthquake-resistant . 它可以抵御地震。
earthquake-resistant:adj.抗震的;耐震的;
Why hasn't this happened sooner, and what can we do with it next? 为什么我们没有更早想到这点呢？下一步又该做什么？
So along with some of the original builders of Green School, 于是,和一些格林学校最初的建造者一起,
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; builders:n.[建]施工人员(builder的复数);生成器;
I founded Ibuku. 我创立了Ibuku。
Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine," so it represents my Mother Earth, and at Ibuku, we are a team of artisans , architects and designers, and what we're doing together is creating a new way of building. Ibu意思是“母亲”,而ku意思是“我的”,所以它的意思是“大地母亲”。 在Ibuku,我们有工匠,建筑师和设计师, 我们要创造一种新的建筑方式。
represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) artisans:n.[劳经]工匠;技工(artisan的复数形式); architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
Over the past five years together, we have built over 50 unique structures, most of them in Bali. 在过去的五年里, 我们总共建造了超过50幢独特的建筑,大部分在巴厘岛,
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
Nine of them are at Green Village -- you've just seen inside some of these homes -- and we fill them with bespoke furniture , we surround them with veggie gardens, we would love to invite you all to come visit someday. 九个在格林村—— 你们刚刚看到的就是这些房子内部的一些照片, 里面都是定制家具, 我们在周围开辟了菜园, 我们诚邀所有在座的人将来有机会来参观。
furniture:n.家具;设备;储藏物; veggie:n.蔬菜;素食主义者
And while you're there, you can also see Green School -- we keep building classrooms there each year -- as well as an updated fairy mushroom house. 当你到了那里,你也可以看到格林学校　—— 我们每年都在建造更多的教室　—— 还有一个升级版的童话蘑菇屋。
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; updated:adj.更新的;现代化的;v.使现代化;更新;(update的过去分词和过去式)
We're also working on a little house for export . 这是我们造的一种供出口的小房子。
export:n.出口;[无线电]呼叫;出口货;输出额;v.出口;排出;adj.输出的;
This is a traditional Sumbanese home that we replicated , right down to the details and textiles . 这是一个传统的松巴屋, 是个从细节到软装潢都非常精致的复制房。
traditional:传统的,惯例的, replicated:重复的; textiles:n.纺织品;纺织业;(textile的复数)
A restaurant with an open-air kitchen. 这是一个有开放厨房的餐馆。
open-air:adj.露天的;户外的,野外的;
It looks a lot like a kitchen, right? 他看起来就像一个厨房,不是吗？
And a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river. 还有一座跨度达22米的竹桥。
spans:n.[建]跨度;一段时间(span的复数);v.跨越;持续;贯穿(span的第三人称单数);
Now, what we're doing, it's not entirely new. 事实上我们在做的事情早有先例。
From little huts to elaborate bridges like this one in Java, bamboo has been in use across the tropical regions of the world for literally tens of thousands of years. 从小房子到复杂的大桥,比如这个在Java的桥, 在过去的千万年之间, 竹子在热带区域早就得到了广泛应用。
huts:n.小屋;临时营房;vt.使住在小屋中;驻扎;vi.住在小屋中;驻扎; elaborate:adj.精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的;v.精心制作;详细描述;变复杂; tropical:adj.热带的;热情的;酷热的; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
There are islands and even continents that were first reached by bamboo rafts . 有一些小岛,甚至是大洲,就是人们乘坐竹筏发现的。
continents:n.[地理]大陆,大洲(continent复数); rafts:n.救生艇(raft的复数形式);皮筏;竹排;v.乘筏;划筏(raft的三单形式);
But until recently , it was almost impossible to reliably protect bamboo from insects, and so, just about everything that was ever built out of bamboo is gone. 但是直到最近, 人们才实现了竹子防虫的工艺, 所以,过去那些用竹子搭建的东西,已经全都没了。
recently:adv.最近;新近; reliably:adv.可靠地;确实地;
Unprotected bamboo weathers. 没有保护的竹子会被侵蚀。
Unprotected:adj.无保护的;未设防的;v.无保护;(unprotect的过去式和过去分词);
Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust. 没有做防虫处理的竹子会遭到虫蛀,最终化为尘土。
Untreated:adj.未经处理的;未经治疗的;
And so that's why most people, especially in Asia, think that you couldn't be poor enough or rural enough to actually want to live in a bamboo house. 所以这就是为什么大部分人,尤其是亚洲人, 即使到了山穷水尽的地步, 也没有人愿意住竹子房。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
And so we thought, what will it take to change their minds, to convince people that bamboo is worth building with, much less worth aspiring to? 所以我们一直在思考, 要怎样让人们改变主意, 怎样说服人们与其对着竹子幻想, 不如将之用于建筑。
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; aspiring:adj.渴望从事…的; v.渴望(成就); (aspire的现在分词)
First, we needed safe treatment solutions. 首先,我们需要一个安全的防虫手段。
treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
Borax is a natural salt. 硼砂是一种天然的盐。
Borax:n.硼砂;
It turns bamboo into a viable building material. 它能将竹子加工成可用的建筑材料。
viable:adj.可行的;能养活的;能生育的;
Treat it properly, design it carefully, and a bamboo structure can last a lifetime. 只要采用正确的处理方法,加上仔细的设计 竹制建筑就可以长年不朽。
Second, build something extraordinary out of it. 第二,用竹子建造一些独特的建筑物。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
Inspire people. 我们要启发人们。
Inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
Fortunately , 幸运的是,
Fortunately:adv.幸运地;
Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship . 巴厘岛的文化为手工业发展提供了良好的土壤。
Balinese:adj.巴厘岛的;巴里岛人的;巴厘语的;n.巴厘人;巴厘语; fosters:v.培养;促进(foster的第三人称单数); craftsmanship:n.技术;技艺;
It values the artisan. 工匠很受尊重。
So combine those with the adventurous outliers from new generations of locally trained architects and designers and engineers, and always remember that you are designing for curving, tapering , hollow poles . 于是,能工巧匠与特立独行的设计相结合, 采用当地新生代专业建筑师, 设计师和工程师的理念, 请记住你的设计材料 是一些弯曲的,尖细的,空心的竹竿。
adventurous:adj.爱冒险的;大胆的;充满危险的; outliers:n.[分化]异常值;离群值;离开本体的东西;局外人(outlier的复数); locally:adv.在本地;局部地;在地方上; tapering:adj.尖端细的;渐渐减少的;v.逐渐变尖细;逐渐减少(taper的ing形式); poles:n.极点(pole的复数形式);雪杖;杆位次数;
No two poles alike, no straight lines, no two-by-fours here. 没有两根是一模一样的,没有直线边角, 忘记那些方方正正的木料吧。
two-by-fours:adj.不大的,小的;长宽为二寸与四寸的;n.宽四寸厚二尺的木材;
The tried-and-true , well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture do not apply here. 那些建筑学里精心设计,行之有效的公式术语 在这里通通不适用。
tried-and-true:adj.经过检验而可靠的;靠得住的; formulas:n.[数]公式;配方;规则(formula的复数); architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
We have had to invent our own rules. 我们要创建自己的规则。
We ask the bamboo what it's good at, what it wants to become, and what it says is: respect it, design for its strengths, protect it from water, and to make the most of its curves . 我们倾听竹子的心声:它们能做什么,想做什么, 它们的回答是:尊重它们,发挥它们的长处, 做好防水,尽量利用它们自身的曲线。
make the most of:尽量利用;十分重视; curves:n.曲线; v.(使)沿曲线运动; (curve的第三人称单数和复数)
So we design in real 3D, making scale structural models out of the same material that we'll later use to build the house. 因此我们采用真实的三维设计, 按比例制作结构模型, 模型的材料与实际建筑材料一致。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; structural:adj.结构的;建筑的;
And bamboo model-making, it's an art, as well as some hardcore engineering . 制作竹子模型是一门艺术, 也是一项工程学的硬技能。
hardcore:adj.赤裸裸描写性行为的;n.硬核;硬底层;碎砖垫层; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
So that's the blueprint of the house. 这就是房子的设计模型。
blueprint:vt.计划;制成蓝图;n.蓝图,设计图;计划;
(Laughter) （笑）
And we bring it to site , and with tiny rulers, we measure each pole, and consider each curve, and we choose a piece of bamboo from the pile to replicate that house on site. 我们把它带到施工现场, 用很小的尺测量每一根竹子, 根据每根曲线,选取相对应的竹材 来现场复制这幢房屋。
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置;
When it comes down to the details, we consider everything. 在处理细节的时候,我们会考虑到方方面面。
Why are doors so often rectangular ? 门为什么非要是矩形的呢？
rectangular:adj.矩形的;成直角的;
Why not round? 为什么不能用圆形？
How could you make a door better? 怎样能把门做的更好？
Well, its hinges battle with gravity, and gravity will always win in the end, so why not have it pivot on the center where it can stay balanced? 通常它被合页固定,以对抗重力, 不过最终总是重力获胜, 那么为什么不把枢轴装在中间, 使它自身能够处于平衡状态？
hinges:n.铰链;合叶;v.给(某物)装铰链;(hinge的第三人称单数和复数) pivot:n.枢轴; vt.以…为中心旋转; vi.在枢轴上转动; adj.枢轴的;
And while you're at it, why not doors shaped like teardrops ? 既然做了圆形的门,那为什么不能有泪滴形的门呢？
teardrops:n.泪滴(teardrop复数);
To reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints of this material, we have really had to push ourselves, and within that constraint, we have found space for something new. 为了在材料性能的限制下 做到物尽其用, 我们必须不断尝试,自我超越, 在有限的条件内不断创新。
reap:vt.收获,获得;收割;vi.收割,收获; selective:adj.选择性的;有选择的;认真挑选的;严格筛选的; constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式);
It's a challenge: how do you make a ceiling if you don't have any flat boards to work with? 在没有一块平板的条件下 怎样建屋顶？这不能不算是一个挑战。
Let me tell you, sometimes I dream of sheet rock and plywood . 实话实说,有时候我会梦见石膏板和胶合板。
sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的; plywood:n.夹板,胶合板;
(Laughter) （笑）
But if what you've got is skilled craftsmen and itsy bitsy little splits, weave that ceiling together, stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it. 但如果你有能工巧匠 能把竹子片成细条, 就可以用竹片编织出屋顶, 上面铺上帆布,涂上油漆就大功告成了。
skilled:adj.熟练的;有技能的;需要技能的; craftsmen:n.工匠;手艺人(craftsman的复数形式); bitsy:adj.极小的;微小的; weave:v.编,织;(用…)编成;编造(故事等);n.织法;编法;编织式样; stretch:v.伸展;延伸;伸出;舒展;n.伸展;弹性;舒展;一片;adj.有弹力的; canvas:n.帆布;(帆布)画布;油画;vt.用帆布覆盖; lacquer:vt.涂漆;使表面光泽;n.漆;漆器;
How do you design durable kitchen countertops that do justice to this curving structure you've just built? 怎样设计耐用的厨房台面, 使之与这曲线优美的建筑物相得益彰呢？
durable:adj.耐用的;耐久的;长期的;长久的;n.耐久品; countertops:n.工作台面(countertop的复数形式);台板; do justice to:公平对待;使…的价值充分发挥;适当处理;
Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread, hand-carve each to fit the other, leave the crusts on, and what we're doing, it is almost entirely handmade . 将大石头像面包一样切片, 手工打磨使它们互相契合, 保留表层的石痂,做成台面, 我们的工程基本上是全手工完成。
Slice:n.片; v.切成片; (很容易地)切开; boulder:n.卵石,大圆石;巨砾; loaf:n.一条面包;一条(面包);v.游手好闲;无所事事;闲荡 crusts:n.面包皮;糕饼(尤指馅饼)酥皮;硬表面;(crust的第三人称单数和复数) handmade:adj.手工的;手制的;
The structural connections of our buildings are reinforced by steel joints , but we use a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins . 房屋的结构衔接采用了大量手工制做的竹销, 并采用钢制联接件加固。
reinforced:adj.加固的;加强的;加筋的;v.加强;增援;(reinforce的过去式和过去分词) joints:n.关节; v.接合,联合; (joint的第三人称单数和复数) pins:n.插脚,针;精确的综合导航系统;
There are thousands of pins in each floor. 每一个楼层都有上千个竹销。
This floor is made of glossy and durable bamboo skin. 地板是用光滑耐久的竹皮制成。
glossy:adj.光滑的;有光泽的;
You can feel the texture under bare feet. 赤脚就可以感觉到它的质地。
texture:n.质地;纹理;结构;本质,实质; bare:adj.空的;赤裸的,无遮蔽的;v.露出,使赤裸;
And the floor that you walk on, can it affect the way that you walk? 走在这样的地板上 你是否觉得步履更为轻盈？
Can it change the footprint that you'll ultimately leave on the world? 你是否觉得自己在这世界上的足迹都会产生变化呢？
footprint:n.足迹;脚印; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
I remember being nine years old and feeling wonder, and possibility, and a little bit of idealism . 记得我九岁的时候, 总是充满好奇心, 觉得万事皆有可能, 还有点完美主义。
idealism:n.唯心主义,理想主义;理念论;
And we've got a really long way to go, there's a lot left to learn, but one thing I know is that with creativity and commitment , you can create beauty and comfort and safety and even luxury out of a material that will grow back. 路漫漫其修远兮, 吾将上下而求索, 但只要有创造力并持之以恒, 你就能创造美好,舒适, 安全甚至奢侈的生活, 而使用的材料可以用之不竭。
commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺; luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）