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ElonMusk_2017-_我们创造的未来……和无聊公司_
Chris Anderson: Elon , hey, welcome back to TED. Chris Anderson: 伊隆,欢迎回到TED来。
Elon:n.埃伦(可溶性显影剂粉末);
It's great to have you here. 很高兴你能来。
Elon Musk : Thanks for having me. 伊隆: 感谢邀请。
Musk:n.麝香;麝香鹿;麝香香味;
CA: So, in the next half hour or so, we're going to spend some time exploring your vision for what an exciting future might look like, which I guess makes the first question a little ironic : CA:嗯,在接下来的半个小时, 我们会花点时间 来探索一下你所构想的 激动人心的未来, 这可能会让我的第一个问题 听起来有点讽刺:
exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; ironic:adj.讽刺的;反话的;
Why are you boring ? 为什么你觉得无聊？
boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词)
EM: Yeah. EM: 是呀。
I ask myself that frequently . 我经常这么问自己。
frequently:adv.频繁地,经常地;时常,屡次;
We're trying to dig a hole under LA, and this is to create the beginning of what will hopefully be a 3D network of tunnels to alleviate congestion . 我们打算挖一条隧道穿过洛杉矶, 这是我们计划的开始 我们有希望打造一个 地下三维管道 来缓解交通阻塞。
tunnels:n.[交]隧道; v.凿隧道; alleviate:v.减轻,缓和; congestion:n.拥挤;拥塞;充血;
So right now, one of the most soul-destroying things is traffic. 目前来看,最让人精神疲惫的 事情之一就是堵车。
soul-destroying:adj.毁灭灵魂的;十分单调的;
It affects people in every part of the world. 这影响世界上每个角落的人。
It takes away so much of your life. 它从你生命中拿走了太多时间。
It's horrible . 太可怕了。
horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的,
It's particularly horrible in LA. 在洛杉矶尤其可怕。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: I think you've brought with you the first visualization that's been shown of this. CA: 我想你带来了 这项工程演示视频的 首次公开展示。
visualization:n.形象化;清楚地呈现在心;
Can I show this? 我能播放么？
EM: Yeah, absolutely . So this is the first time -- EM: 可以,当然可以。 这是第一次——
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
Just to show what we're talking about. 就展示下我们正在聊的。
So a couple of key things that are important in having a 3D tunnel network. 有几个关键的点 对于构建3D隧道特别重要。
First of all , you have to be able to integrate the entrance and exit of the tunnel seamlessly into the fabric of the city. 首先,你必须能够 整合隧道的入口和出口 无缝的整合到城市交通里。
First of all:adv.首先; integrate:v.成为一体;(使)加入;adj.完全的; seamlessly:adv.无缝地; fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构;
So by having an elevator , sort of a car skate, that's on an elevator , you can integrate the entrance and exits to the tunnel network just by using two parking spaces. 通过利用电梯, 一个给汽车用的滑板, 滑板放在电梯里, 我们就可以将隧道的入口 和出口跟公路对接起来 代价仅仅是两个停车位的面积。
elevator:n.电梯;升降机;升降舵;起卸机;
And then the car gets on a skate. 然后汽车就在滑板上,
There's no speed limit here, so we're designing this to be able to operate at 200 kilometers an hour. 隧道里没有限速, 所以我们设计时速是 每小时200公里。
speed limit:n.(道路的)最高车速限制;
CA: How much? CA:多少？
EM: 200 kilometers an hour, or about 130 miles per hour. EM:每小时200公里, 也就是每小时130英里。
So you should be able to get from, say, Westwood to LAX in six minutes -- five, six minutes. 所以打个比方,如果你从 Westwood到洛杉矶机场 只需要五到六分钟。
LAX:n.松元音;泻肚;adj.松的;松懈的;腹泻的;
(Applause) （掌声）
CA: So possibly, initially done, it's like on a sort of toll road-type basis. CA:所以有可能,完工之后, 有点类似收费高速路的模式。
initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; toll:n.伤亡人数; v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟); (尤指)鸣(丧钟);
EM: Yeah. EM:对的。
CA: Which, I guess, alleviates some traffic from the surface streets as well. CA:我猜这将也会缓解 地面交通的压力。
alleviates:v.减轻(痛苦等);(alleviates是alleviate的第三人称单数);
EM: So, I don't know if people noticed it in the video, but there's no real limit to how many levels of tunnel you can have. EM:嗯,我不知道大家是否 注意到视频中的一个细节, 实际上我们可以继续增加 隧道的层数。
You can go much further deep than you can go up. 往下挖比往上开拓要容易得多。
The deepest mines are much deeper than the tallest buildings are tall, so you can alleviate any arbitrary level of urban congestion with a 3D tunnel network. 实际上最深的矿井比最高的 摩天大楼要长多了, 所以我们可以利用这种 立体隧道网 解决任意级别的交通拥堵问题。
arbitrary:adj.[数]任意的;武断的;专制的; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
This is a very important point. 这是个非常重要的点。
So a key rebuttal to the tunnels is that if you add one layer of tunnels, that will simply alleviate congestion, it will get used up, and then you'll be back where you started, back with congestion. 所以这种隧道的一个争论点是 如果我们加了一层隧道, 那么可以轻微缓解交通拥堵, 但是很快拥堵又起来了, 这个时候大家又回到原点, 又开始拥堵。
rebuttal:n.反驳;辩驳;反证; layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次;
But you can go to any arbitrary number of tunnels, any number of levels. 但是现在我们可以增加 任意数量的隧道, 没有层数限制。
CA: But people -- seen traditionally , it's incredibly expensive to dig, and that would block this idea. CA:但是人们——传统上看到的是, 隧道挖起来特别烧钱, 这回导致这个想法搁浅。
traditionally:adv.传统上;习惯上;传说上; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
EM: Yeah. EM:对的。
Well, they're right. 嗯,他们是对的。
To give you an example, the LA subway extension , which is -- I think it's a two-and-a-half mile extension that was just completed for two billion dollars. 我来举一个例子, 洛杉矶地铁线扩建, 大概——我想大概是扩建了 2.5英里那么长 工程花费达到了20亿美元。
extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机;
So it's roughly a billion dollars a mile to do the subway extension in LA. 所以在洛杉矶地区建立隧道 成本大概10亿一英里。
roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地;
And this is not the highest utility subway in the world. 而且这还不是世界上最昂贵的 通勤地铁线路。
utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的;
So yeah, it's quite difficult to dig tunnels normally . 所以是的,通常情况下 挖隧道很难。
normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地;
I think we need to have at least a tenfold improvement in the cost per mile of tunneling . 我想我们必须能够至少 将隧道的建设成本 降低十倍以上才行。
tenfold:adj.十倍的;十重的;adv.十倍地;成十倍;n.十倍; improvement:n.改进,改善; tunneling:n.隧道效应;开挖隧道;v.挖隧道(tunnel的现在分词);
CA: And how could you achieve that? CA:那么你怎么做到呢？
EM: Actually, if you just do two things, you can get to approximately an order of magnitude improvement, and I think you can go beyond that. EM:实际上,如果你做两件事情, 就已经可以得到接近 一个数量级的改进, 而且我觉得可以做到更多。
approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; order of magnitude:n.数量级(量度物理量大小的标准,用以10为底的指数表达);
So the first thing to do is to cut the tunnel diameter by a factor of two or more. 第一件事是减少隧道的直径 缩减到正常的二分之一。
diameter:n.直径;对径;放大率;放大倍数; factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入;
So a single road lane tunnel according to regulations has to be 26 feet, maybe 28 feet in diameter to allow for crashes and emergency vehicles and sufficient ventilation for combustion engine cars. 法律规定一条隧的宽度 至少26英尺, 可能是28英尺 来避免车辆剐蹭到隧道, 允许救护车通过 同时为内燃机车的发动机 留足充分的通风机制。
lane:n.车道;小巷;泳道;胡同; according to:根据,据说; regulations:n.章程;规则;法规;管理,控制;(regulation的复数) emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的; ventilation:n.通风设备;空气流通; combustion:n.燃烧,氧化;骚动;
But if you shrink that diameter to what we're attempting , which is 12 feet, which is plenty to get an electric skate through, you drop the diameter by a factor of two and the cross-sectional area by a factor of four, and the tunneling cost scales with the cross-sectional area. 但是如果你将直径缩减到 我们目前尝试的那样, 只有12英尺,这个宽度已经 足够一个汽车滑板通过, 这样你就将直径减少了两倍 这样纵切面就减少了四倍, 而隧道建设成本跟隧道的 纵切面积有直接关系。
shrink:v.收缩;减少;退缩;畏缩;n.精神病学家;心理学家; attempting:v.努力;尝试;试图;(attempt的现在分词) electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; cross-sectional:adj.代表性的; scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数)
So that's roughly a half-order of magnitude improvement right there. 所以这一条就缩减了 大概半个数量级的成本。
Then tunneling machines currently tunnel for half the time, then they stop, and then the rest of the time is putting in reinforcements for the tunnel wall. 目前我们在挖隧道的流程是, 挖掘机挖一段时间就停下来, 等着隧道的阻隔墙加固完成, 再继续。
currently:adv.当前;一般地; reinforcements:n.援军;增援警力;加强,强化;(reinforcement的复数)
So if you design the machine instead to do continuous tunneling and reinforcing , that will give you a factor of two improvement. 所以如果你能够重新设计机器, 能够同步进行挖掘和加固, 那么能得到两倍的改进。
continuous:adj.连续的,持续的;继续的;连绵不断的; reinforcing:vt.加强(reinforce的ing形式);
Combine that and that's a factor of eight. 加起来就是8倍的改进了。
Also these machines are far from being at their power or thermal limits, so you can jack up the power to the machine substantially . 而且这些机器还远远没有 达到热力学定律的极限, 所以你可以加大机器的马力。
thermal:adj.热的;热量的;保热的;n.上升的热气流; substantially:adv.实质上;大体上;充分地;
I think you can get at least a factor of two, maybe a factor of four or five improvement on top of that. 我觉得至少能够再提高一倍。 或许能够在之前的基础上 再提高四五倍。
So I think there's a fairly straightforward series of steps to get somewhere in excess of an order of magnitude improvement in the cost per mile, and our target actually is -- we've got a pet snail called Gary, this is from Gary the snail from "South Park," 所以我觉得现在已经有了 比较明确的步骤 在缩减单位长度成本上能够做到 一个数量级的改进, 而我们的目标实际上是—— 我们做了一个玩具蜗牛叫Gary, 名字来自《南方公园》,
fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; straightforward:adj.简单的;坦率的;明确的;径直的;adv.直截了当地;坦率地; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; excess:n.超过,超额;过度,过量;无节制;adj.额外的,过量的;附加的; snail:n.蜗牛;迟钝的人;vi.缓慢移动;vt.缓慢移动;
I mean, sorry, " SpongeBob SquarePants." 我是说,抱歉,来自《海绵宝宝》。
SpongeBob:n.海绵宝宝(动画片名);
(Laughter) （笑声）
So Gary is capable of -- currently he's capable of going 14 times faster than a tunnel-boring machine. 现在Gary能够做到—— 现在它能够做到比现在 慢吞吞的隧道机器 快14倍以上。
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: You want to beat Gary. CA:你希望超过Gary。
EM: We want to beat Gary. EM:“我们”想要超过Gary。
(Laughter) （笑声）
He's not a patient little fellow, and that will be victory. 他不是一个安静的小随从, 会迎来胜利的。
patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者;
Victory is beating the snail. 胜利就是打败这个蜗牛。
CA: But a lot of people imagining, dreaming about future cities, they imagine that actually the solution is flying cars, drones , etc. CA:但是很多人梦想着, 在构想未来城市的时候, 他们想的实际上是飞行汽车, 无人机,等等。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数)
You go aboveground . 人们在地面上活动。
aboveground:v.在地面上; adj.未葬的; n.合法天地;
Why isn't that a better solution? 为什么那不是更好的方法？
You save all that tunneling cost. 这样就完全没有挖隧道的开销了。
EM: Right. I'm in favor of flying things. EM:对。我很喜欢会飞的东西。
Obviously, I do rockets, so I like things that fly. 很显然的,我研究火箭, 我喜欢会飞的东西。
This is not some inherent bias against flying things, but there is a challenge with flying cars in that they'll be quite noisy, the wind force generated will be very high. 虽然我没有任何对于 飞行物的偏见, 但是飞行汽车这个概念有个问题 就是一定会很吵, 产生的风也会非常大。
inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的; bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的; generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
Let's just say that if something's flying over your head, a whole bunch of flying cars going all over the place, that is not an anxiety-reducing situation. 就简单想象一下如果有什么东西 飞过你的头顶, 很多飞行汽车 从你头上穿过, 这可不是能让你减少焦虑的场面。
bunch:n.群;串;突出物;vi.隆起;打褶;形成一串;vt.使成一串;使打褶;
(Laughter) （笑声）
You don't think to yourself, "Well, I feel better about today." 你肯定不会想, “嗯,我今天感觉不错。”
You're thinking, "Did they service their hubcap , or is it going to come off and guillotine me?" 你会想,“这些车轮胎都拧紧了么” “会不会掉下来砸烂我的头？”
hubcap:n.毂盖;轮毂罩; guillotine:n.断头台; vt.于断头台斩首;
Things like that. 类似这样。
CA: So you've got this vision of future cities with these rich, 3D networks of tunnels underneath . CA:所以你对未来的构想 就是城市地下布满这样的 立体交通隧道。
underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的;
Is there a tie-in here with Hyperloop ? 这跟Hyperloop有关联么？
tie-in:n.(管道的)接头;关系;搭卖的广告;adj.(美)搭卖的; Hyperloop:n.超回路列车;
Could you apply these tunnels to use for this Hyperloop idea you released a few years ago. 你是不是可以将隧道用在 几年前你公开出来的 Hyperloop的想法上。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式)
EM: Yeah, so we've been sort of puttering around with the Hyperloop stuff for a while . EM:对,我们在Hyperloop 这件事情上 已经游手好闲了一段时间。
puttering:n.推棒; vt.混过; vi.闲荡; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时;
We built a Hyperloop test track adjacent to SpaceX, just for a student competition , to encourage innovative ideas in transport . 我们在SpaceX旁边建立了 一个Hyperloop实验轨道 用来做学生竞赛用, 用来激励在交通上的创新想法。
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; adjacent:adj.邻近的,毗连的; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; transport:n.运输;输送;运送;运输机;v.输送;传播;使产生身临其境的感觉;(旧时)流放;
And it actually ends up being the biggest vacuum chamber in the world after the Large Hadron Collider , by volume . 实际上,我们最后做出来了 世界上最大的真空管道 仅次于LHC对撞机, 从规模上说。
vacuum:n.真空; adj.真空的; v.用真空吸尘器清扫; chamber:n.(身体或器官内的)室,膛; adj.室内的; vt.把…关在室内; Hadron:n.[高能]强子(参与强相互作用的基本粒子); Collider:n.对撞机;碰撞机; volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
So it was quite fun to do that, but it was kind of a hobby thing, and then we think we might -- so we've built a little pusher car to push the student pods , 这件事情特别有意思, 不过只算是业余爱好, 后来我们想或许—— 所以我们建造了一个推进器 来推进学生做的胶囊仓,
pusher:n.推进器;推进式飞机;推销员;非法销售者; pods:abbr.资料库系统规则(PrinciplesofDatabaseSystems);
but we're going to try seeing how fast we can make the pusher go if it's not pushing something. 而我们打算试试看推进器 如果没有载重 自己能够推进多快。
So we're cautiously optimistic we'll be able to be faster than the world's fastest bullet train even in a .8-mile stretch . 我们谨慎乐观的认为 我们将会比目前世界上 最快的子弹头列车更快 即使在0.8英里的长度上。
cautiously:adv.慎重地,谨慎地; optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的; bullet train:n.[交]子弹头列车;高速火车; stretch:v.伸展;延伸;伸出;舒展;n.伸展;弹性;舒展;一片;adj.有弹力的;
CA: Whoa. Good brakes. CA:哇,刹车不错嘛。
EM: Yeah, I mean, it's -- yeah. EM:对,我是说,它 —— 对。
It's either going to smash into tiny pieces or go quite fast. 它没有直接撞成碎片,但是 速度已经非常快了。
smash:v.粉碎; n.破碎; adj.了不起的;
CA: But you can picture, then, a Hyperloop in a tunnel running quite long distances. CA:但是你已经可以构想 以后,Hyperloop在隧道里, 做长距离运输。
EM: Exactly. EM:千真万确。
And looking at tunneling technology , it turns out that in order to make a tunnel, you have to -- 看看现在的隧道构造技术, 事实上为了挖一条隧道, 你必须 ——
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
In order to seal against the water table , you've got to typically design a tunnel wall to be good to about five or six atmospheres . 为了能够隔绝地下水渗透, 你通常需要将隧道壁 设计足够硬 能够承受五到六个大气压。
water table:n.地下水位; typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; atmospheres:n.[心理]气氛(atmosphere的复数形式); v.使有…的氛围(atmosphere的单三形式);
So to go to vacuum is only one atmosphere, or near-vacuum. 而真空状态只需要承受一个大气压, 或者近似真空。
So actually, it sort of turns out that automatically , if you build a tunnel that is good enough to resist the water table, it is automatically capable of holding vacuum. 所以实际上,基本上是自然而然地, 如果你构造一条隧道足够 承受地下水的压力, 保持真空就变成自然而然的事情。
automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的; resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂;
CA: Huh. CA:呃。
EM: So, yeah. EM:所以,对。
CA: And so you could actually picture, what kind of length tunnel is in Elon's future to running Hyperloop? CA:所以你实际上可以构想, 在你构想的未来里,Hyperloop隧道 可以长到什么规模？
EM: I think there's no real length limit. EM:我觉得没有任何长度的限制。
You could dig as much as you want. 你可以想要挖多远就挖多远。
I think if you were to do something like a DC-to-New York Hyperloop, 我觉得如果你想要造Hyperloop, 比如从华盛顿到纽约,
I think you'd probably want to go underground the entire way because it's a high-density area. 我觉得你可能更愿意全程都 从地下穿过 因为地面建筑太密集了。
high-density:adj.高密度的;
You're going under a lot of buildings and houses, and if you go deep enough, you cannot detect the tunnel. 你会从地下穿过很多大楼和房屋, 如果你挖的足够深, 在地表是探测不到隧道的。
detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测;
Sometimes people think, well, it's going to be pretty annoying to have a tunnel dug under my house. 有时候人们会想,嗯,那可够恼人的 如果在我房子下面挖隧道的话
annoying:adj.烦人的;使生气的;使烦恼的;v.使生气;打扰;骚扰;(annoy的现在分词)
Like, if that tunnel is dug more than about three or four tunnel diameters beneath your house, you will not be able to detect it being dug at all. 比如,如果一条隧道 是在你家地下三到四个隧道直径的 深度挖的话, 你就根本探测不出来了。
diameters:n.直径(diameter的名词复数);放大率; beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方;
In fact, if you're able to detect the tunnel being dug, whatever device you are using, you can get a lot of money for that device from the Israeli military , who is trying to detect tunnels from Hamas, and from the US Customs and Border patrol that try and detect drug tunnels. 实际上如果你能够探测到, 不管你用什么设备, 你都可以用这个设备从以色列 军方那里赚到一大笔钱, 他们一直在尝试探测哈马斯组织 挖的隧道, 美国海关和边防也都希望 探测毒贩的隧道。
device:n.装置;策略;图案; Israeli:adj.以色列的;以色列人的;n.以色列人; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; patrol:n.巡逻;巡逻队;侦察队;vt.巡逻;巡查;vi.巡逻;巡查;
So the reality is that earth is incredibly good at absorbing vibrations , and once the tunnel depth is below a certain level, it is undetectable . 所以实际上, 地球吸收震动的能力 非常的好, 一旦隧道建设达到一定深度, 就无法探测到了。
absorbing:adj.引人入胜的;精彩的;v.吸收;吞并;同化;理解;(absorb的现在分词) vibrations:n.[力]振动;共鸣;动摇(vibration的复数); undetectable:adj.发现不了的;无法觉察的;
Maybe if you have a very sensitive seismic instrument , you might be able to detect it. 或许你拿一个非常灵敏的地震探测仪, 可以有机会探测到。
sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; seismic:adj.地震的;因地震而引起的; instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械;
CA: So you've started a new company to do this called The Boring Company. CA:所以你开了一家新公司做这个 公司叫“无聊的公司”。
Very nice. Very funny. 非常棒,挺会玩。
(Laughter) （笑声）
EM: What's funny about that? EM:有什么好笑的？
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: How much of your time is this? CA:这个大概花费你多少时间？
EM: It's maybe ... EM:大概有……
two or three percent. 百分之二三的样子。
CA: You've bought a hobby. CA:你带来了一个业余爱好。
This is what an Elon Musk hobby looks like. 这就是Elon Musk的业余爱好的样子。
(Laughter) （笑声）
EM: I mean, it really is, like -- EM:我是说,实际上是——
This is basically interns and people doing it part time. 基本上是实习生和一些兼职职工在做。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; interns:n.实习生(intern的复数);同住者;v.做实习生;扣留;软禁(intern的三单形式);
We bought some second-hand machinery . 我们买了一些二手设备。
second-hand:adj.旧的,二手的;adv.间接地,第二手地; machinery:n.机械;机器;机构;机械装置;
It's kind of puttering along, but it's making good progress, so -- 这个一开始也差不多是随便玩玩, 但是没想到进度喜人,所以——
CA: So an even bigger part of your time is being spent on electrifying cars and transport through Tesla. CA:所以你的时间中大部分 投入到了电动汽车,也就是特斯拉上。
electrifying:adj.令人振奋的; n.毛绒电光整理; v.使充电;
Is one of the motivations for the tunneling project the realization that actually, in a world where cars are electric and where they're self-driving , there may end up being more cars on the roads on any given hour than there are now? 隧道项目的动机中有没有 服务于特斯拉的成分, 未来世界中汽车都是电动, 都是自动驾驶的, 最终可能是路面上有更多汽车 比现在的任何时刻都要多？
motivations:n.动机(motivation的复数);表明动机; realization:n.实现;领悟; self-driving:自驾;
EM: Yeah, exactly. EM:对,完全正确。
A lot of people think that when you make cars autonomous , they'll be able to go faster and that will alleviate congestion. 很多人认为当汽车开始自动驾驶, 他们能跑得更快,并缓解交通压力。
autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的;
And to some degree that will be true, but once you have shared autonomy where it's much cheaper to go by car and you can go point to point, the affordability of going in a car will be better than that of a bus. 在某种程度上是真的, 但是一旦我们开始共享汽车, 叫个计程车就会很便宜 于是你到哪儿都可以叫车, 叫得起出租车要比等公交好得多。
autonomy:n.自治,自治权; affordability:n.支付能力;负担能力;可购性;
Like, it will cost less than a bus ticket. 那时候,叫车估计比公交车还便宜。
So the amount of driving that will occur will be much greater with shared autonomy, and actually traffic will get far worse. 所以路面上汽车等到共享自动驾驶 汽车的时候就会更多, 那个时候交通会更拥挤。
occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;
CA: You started Tesla with the goal of persuading the world that electrification was the future of cars, and a few years ago, people were laughing at you. CA:你创办特斯拉的时候希望向世界证明 电动汽车是汽车行业的未来, 几年前,人们还嘲笑你。
persuading:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的现在分词) electrification:n.电气化;带电;充电;
Now, not so much. 现在,没有那么多人了。
EM: OK. EM:好。
(Laughter) （笑声）
I don't know. I don't know. 我不知道,我不知道。
CA: But isn't it true that pretty much every auto manufacturer has announced serious electrification plans for the short- to medium-term future? CA:但是现在差不多每个汽车厂商 都认真地宣布了短期或中期的 电动汽车计划？
manufacturer:n.生产商;生产者;制造者; medium-term:adj.中期的;
EM: Yeah. Yeah. EM:对,对。
I think almost every automaker has some electric vehicle program. 我想基本每一个汽车厂商都有电动车计划了。
automaker:n.汽车制造商;
They vary in seriousness . 但是对待的认真程度不同。
vary:vi.变化;变异;违反;vt.改变;使多样化;变奏; seriousness:n.严重性;严肃;认真;
Some are very serious about transitioning entirely to electric, and some are just dabbling in it. 有一些非常坚定,要全面电动化, 有一些仅仅是试水看看。
transitioning:v.经历转变过程;过渡;(transition的现在分词) dabbling:v.涉猎;涉足;浅尝;玩水;嬉水;(dabble的现在分词)
And some, amazingly, are still pursuing fuel cells, but I think that won't last much longer. 还有一些,挺有意思的还坚持化石燃料, 但是我觉得他们长久不了了。
pursuing:v.追求;致力于;贯彻;跟踪;追赶;(pursue的现在分词)
CA: But isn't there a sense, though, Elon, where you can now just declare victory and say, you know, "We did it." CA:但是Elon,现在不就已经是, 你可以宣布胜利,说,“我们做到了。”
Let the world electrify, and you go on and focus on other stuff? 让世界都开始转向汽车电动化, 你可以将重心转入其它行业了？
EM: Yeah. EM:对。
I intend to stay with Tesla as far into the future as I can imagine, and there are a lot of exciting things that we have coming. 我打算在可以预见的未来 继续主导特斯拉的发展, 也有很多激动人心的事情我们在做。
intend:v.打算;计划;想要;
Obviously the Model 3 is coming soon. 很显然,特斯拉Model 3就要发布了。
We'll be unveiling the Tesla Semi truck. 我们也要宣布特斯拉半挂卡车。
unveiling:n.揭幕;计划公布;v.为…揭幕;(首次)展示,介绍;(unveil的现在分词) Semi:n.半挂车;半独立式的住宅;
CA: OK, we're going to come to this. CA:好的,我们就要聊到这个了。
So Model 3, it's supposed to be coming in July-ish. 所以Model 3计划时在七月左右发布。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
EM: Yeah, it's looking quite good for starting production in July. EM:是,7月份发布新东西感觉很好。
CA: Wow. CA:哇哦。
One of the things that people are so excited about is the fact that it's got autopilot . 人们非常兴奋的一件事情 是它将能够自动驾驶。
autopilot:n.[航]自动驾驶仪(等于automaticpilot);
And you put out this video a while back showing what that technology would look like. 你在不久之前放出来这段视频 展示了这项技术看起来什么样子。
EM: Yeah. EM:对的。
There's obviously autopilot in Model S right now. CA:现在Model S已经有了自动驾驶。
What are we seeing here? 这段视频我们看出来什么？
EM: Yeah, so this is using only cameras and GPS. EM:对的,这段视频里只用了GPS和可见光摄像头。
So there's no LIDAR or radar being used here. 注意这里并没有使用激光雷达。
LIDAR:n.激光雷达;激光定位器; radar:n.雷达;
This is just using passive optical , which is essentially what a person uses. 这里仅仅是用了被动光学传感器, 跟我们人类使用的差不多。
passive:adj.被动的,消极的;被动语态的;n.被动语态; optical:adj.光学的;眼睛的,视觉的; essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
The whole road system is meant to be navigated with passive optical, or cameras, and so once you solve cameras or vision, then autonomy is solved. 整个道路系统的导航 仅仅使用被动光学,也就是摄像头 所以当你能够（仅仅）用摄像头 或者视觉, 那么自动驾驶的问题就解决了。
navigated:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空;
If you don't solve vision, it's not solved. 如果你没有解决视觉问题, 问题就没有解决。
So that's why our focus is so heavily on having a vision neural net that's very effective for road conditions. 这也是为什么我们非常重视 训练视觉神经网络, 这东西在公路环境下很有效。
neural:adj.神经的;神经系统的;背的;神经中枢的; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
CA: Right. Many other people are going the LIDAR route . CA:对的。很多人都打算使用激光雷达模块。
route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送;
You want cameras plus radar is most of it. 你希望用摄像头和雷达搞定。
EM: You can absolutely be superhuman with just cameras. EM:使用摄像头就足够让你变成超人了。
superhuman:adj.超人的;人类能力所不能及的;属于神仙的;n.超人;
Like, you can probably do it ten times better than humans would, just cameras. 例如你可能比人类的反应快十倍以上, 仅使用摄像头。
CA: So the new cars being sold right now have eight cameras in them. CA:所以新款特斯拉上有八个摄像头。
They can't yet do what that showed. 它们还不能做刚才展示的那样。
When will they be able to? 什么时候可以？
EM: I think we're still on track for being able to go cross-country from LA to New York by the end of the year, fully autonomous. EM:我想我们还在按预定计划推进 到今年年底的时候 能够完全自主的从洛杉矶开到纽约。
cross-country:adj.越野的,横过田野的;横越全国的;n.越野赛跑;
CA: OK, so by the end of the year, you're saying, someone's going to sit in a Tesla without touching the steering wheel , tap in "New York," off it goes. CA:OK,所以到了今年底,你是说 人们只要坐进特斯拉 不需要碰方向盘, 输入“纽约”,车就开起来了。
steering wheel:n.方向盘;(操)舵轮;
EM: Yeah. EM:对的。
CA: Won't ever have to touch the wheel -- by the end of 2017. CA:不再需要摸方向盘——2017年底。
EM: Yeah. Essentially, November or December of this year, we should be able to go all the way from a parking lot in California to a parking lot in New York, no controls touched at any point during the entire journey . EM:对,基本上,11月份或者12月份, 我们应该能够完全地 从加州某个停车场, 开到纽约的某个停车场, 全程不需要碰方向盘。
parking lot:n.停车场; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
(Applause) （掌声）
CA: Amazing. CA:厉害了。
But part of that is possible because you've already got a fleet of Teslas driving all these roads. 但是这里成功的前提之一 是因为你已经有了一个特斯拉车队 在路上到处行驶。
fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的; Teslas:n.特斯拉(磁通量单位);
You're accumulating a huge amount of data of that national road system. 你已经积累了海量的公路数据。
accumulating:n.[数]累加;v.积累(accumulate的ing形式);
EM: Yes, but the thing that will be interesting is that I'm actually fairly confident it will be able to do that route even if you change the route dynamically . EM:但是这里好玩的事情是 我实际上非常自信 即使道路临时改了, 我们也能够正常行驶到目的地。
confident:adj.自信的;确信的; dynamically:adv.动态地;充满活力地;不断变化地;
So, it's fairly easy -- 所以,相对来说容易的是 ——
If you say I'm going to be really good at one specific route, that's one thing, but it should be able to go, really be very good, certainly once you enter a highway, to go anywhere on the highway system in a given country. 如果你说我在特定的道路上有 很好的表现,这是一回事, 当然这样它能够做到, 但是更好的是, 当你输入一条高速路, 能够去一个国家的 任何一条高速路。
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
So it's not sort of limited to LA to New York. 所以这并不是只能从洛杉矶到纽约。
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
We could change it and make it Seattle-Florida, that day, in real time . 我们可以改成从西雅图到弗罗里达, 那天,实时地调整。
real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的;
So you were going from LA to New York. 所以你假设从洛杉矶到纽约。
Now go from LA to Toronto . 现在从洛杉矶到多伦多。
Toronto:n.多伦多(加拿大城市);
CA: So leaving aside regulation for a second, in terms of the technology alone, the time when someone will be able to buy one of your cars and literally just take the hands off the wheel and go to sleep and wake up and find that they've arrived, how far away is that, to do that safely? CA:现在先不管监管的问题, 仅仅考虑技术本身, 大概什么时候,我们能够买一辆你的车 并且真的双手离开方向盘睡一觉 醒来之后就到了目的地, 要能够安全的实现这点还需要多久？
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
EM: I think that's about two years. EM:我想大概两年时间。
So the real trick of it is not how do you make it work say 99.9 percent of the time, because, like, if a car crashes one in a thousand times, then you're probably still not going to be comfortable falling asleep. 这个问题的点不在于 你能够以 99.9%的概率不出错, 因为,如果一辆汽车一千次出行 会出一次车祸, 那么你可能还是不会睡的舒服。
car crashes:n.车祸; one in a thousand:杰出的;稀有的;百里挑一;
You shouldn't be, certainly. 你不会的,当然啦。
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's never going to be perfect. 这个永远都不是完美的。
No system is going to be perfect, but if you say it's perhaps -- the car is unlikely to crash in a hundred lifetimes, or a thousand lifetimes, then people are like, OK, wow, if I were to live a thousand lives, 没有系统能做到完美, 但是如果你说它可能—— 这辆车在一百个人那里 在一千个人那里 都不会出车祸 那么人们可能会想,哇哦, 如果我有一千条命,
unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的;
I would still most likely never experience a crash, then that's probably OK. 我还是基本上不会遇到车祸, 那么可能就是OK的。
CA: To sleep. CA:关于睡觉。
I guess the big concern of yours is that people may actually get seduced too early to think that this is safe, and that you'll have some horrible incident happen that puts things back. 我猜测你的一大担心 是人们可能实际上 过早的觉得这项技术是安全的, 然后一些可怕的事故可能会发生, 将人们的预期拉回来。
concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事; seduced:v.诱奸;诱骗;唆使;(seduce的过去分词和过去式)
EM: Well, I think that the autonomy system is likely to at least mitigate the crash, except in rare circumstances . EM:嗯,实际上我觉得自动驾驶系统 可能至少能够减轻车祸, 除非在极罕见的情况下。
mitigate:vt.使缓和,使减轻;vi.减轻,缓和下来; circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数)
The thing to appreciate about vehicle safety is this is probabilistic . 谈及汽车安全需要注意的一点 是车祸是有随机性的。
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; probabilistic:adj.概率性的;或然说的,盖然论的;
I mean, there's some chance that any time a human driver gets in a car, that they will have an accident that is their fault. 我是说,有这样的可能性, 人类驾驶员坐在车里, 他们也有可能发生车祸, 那是驾驶员的失误。
It's never zero. 概率不可能是零。
So really the key threshold for autonomy is how much better does autonomy need to be than a person before you can rely on it? 所以关键的一个门槛实际上是 自动驾驶到底需要比 人类驾驶员好多少时, 你才会信任它？
threshold:n.入口;门槛;开始;极限;临界值; rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
CA: But once you get literally safe hands-off driving, the power to disrupt the whole industry seems massive , because at that point you've spoken of people being able to buy a car, drops you off at work, and then you let it go CA:但是一旦这种真正意义上的 无人驾驶开始实施, 对于整个行业的冲击是巨大的, 因为在那时你可以跟 买得起车的人说, 自己坐车上班之后, 让车辆自己去,
hands-off:adj.不干涉的;不插手的; disrupt:vt.破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱;adj.分裂的,中断的;分散的; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的;
and provide a sort of Uber-like service to other people, earn you money, maybe even cover the cost of your lease of that car, so you can kind of get a car for free. 提供类似优步叫车的服务 给其他人提供服务, 车主赚钱, 甚至可能足够你支付 买车的分期贷款, 所以你可能不花钱就能买辆车。
Is that really likely? 这有可能发生么？
EM: Yeah. Absolutely this is what will happen. ME:对的,这是绝对会发生的事情。
So there will be a shared autonomy fleet where you buy your car and you can choose to use that car exclusively , you could choose to have it be used only by friends and family, only by other drivers who are rated five star, you can choose to share it sometimes but not other times. 所以将来会有一个自动共享车队 你买一辆车, 你可以选择自己独享, 你可以选择跟家庭和朋友一起使用, 或者给评分五颗星的司机, 你可以在某些时间共享, 某些事件独占。
exclusively:adv.唯一地;专有地;排外地;
That's 100 percent what will occur. 这百分百会发生。
It's just a question of when. 只是时间问题。
CA: Wow. CA:哇哦。
So you mentioned the Semi and I think you're planning to announce this in September, but I'm curious whether there's anything you could show us today? 你刚才提到了半挂卡车 我想你可能9月份要发布, 但是我很好奇,有没有 今天可以透露的？
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
EM: I will show you a teaser shot of the truck. EM:我可以给你看一张海报风格的照片。
teaser:n.戏弄者;强求者;
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's alive. 这是真的。
CA: OK. CA:好吧。
EM: That's definitely a case where we want to be cautious about the autonomy features. EM:这绝对是我们希望 关于自动驾驶特性, 保持谨慎的一种情形。
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
Yeah. 耶。
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: We can't see that much of it, but it doesn't look like just a little friendly neighborhood truck. CA:我们看不到太多细节, 但是这个看起来并不像是那种 小巧友善的零家卡车。
neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
It looks kind of badass . 看起来很霸道。
badass:n.坏蛋;adj.到处惹是生非的;
What sort of semi is this? 这是个什么类型的卡车？
EM: So this is a heavy duty, long-range semitruck. EM:这是一个重型长途半挂卡车。
long-range:adj.(飞机,火箭等)远程的;长期的;远大的;
So it's the highest weight capability and with long range. 它的载重是最大的 并且用于长途。
capability:n.才能,能力;性能,容量;
So essentially it's meant to alleviate the heavy-duty trucking loads. 所以基本上这是用来减轻 长途重型卡车的负载的。
heavy-duty:adj.耐用的;重型的,重负荷的;
And this is something which people do not today think is possible. 这是今天的人们觉得不太可能的事情。
They think the truck doesn't have enough power or it doesn't have enough range, and then with the Tesla Semi we want to show that no, an electric truck actually can out-torque any diesel semi. 他们认为这个卡车没有足够动力, 也跑不了那么远, 于是通过特斯拉半挂卡车, 我们希望证明,一辆电动卡车 实际上能够驱动任何柴油动力卡车。
diesel:n.柴油机;柴油;柴油车;内燃机车
And if you had a tug-of-war competition, the Tesla Semi will tug the diesel semi uphill . 而且如果我们来一场拔河比赛, 特斯拉电动半挂能够把 柴油动力车拽上坡。
tug-of-war:n.拔河;激烈竞争; uphill:adj.上坡的,向上的;adv.向上地;往上坡;n.上升;登高;
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）
CA: That's pretty cool. And short term, these aren't driverless . CA:这太酷了。简单说,还不是无人驾驶。
driverless:无人驾驶的;
These are going to be trucks that truck drivers want to drive. 这些是需要卡车司机驾驶的卡车。
EM: Yes. So what will be really fun about this is you have a flat torque RPM curve with an electric motor, whereas with a diesel motor or any kind of internal combustion engine car, you've got a torque RPM curve that looks like a hill. EM:是的。真正好玩的地方在于 电动引擎的的转矩扭力曲线是平坦的, 而柴油动力或者任何内燃机车引擎, 你看到的转矩扭力曲线都是山峰状的。
torque:n.转矩,[力]扭矩;项圈,金属领圈; curve:n.曲线;弯曲;曲面;弧线;v.(使)沿曲线移动;呈曲线形; whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的;
So this will be a very spry truck. 所以这车动力澎湃。
spry:adj.活泼的;敏捷的;精神好的;
You can drive this around like a sports car . 驾驶这车的就像驾驶运动型轿车。
sports car:n.跑车;
There's no gears . It's, like, single speed. 没有齿轮。它就像是单一速度。
gears:n.[机]齿轮,[机]传动装置(gear的复数形式); v.以齿轮连起,安排(gear的三单形式);
CA: There's a great movie to be made here somewhere. CA:有一部很不错的电影在这里拍摄。
I don't know what it is and I don't know that it ends well, but it's a great movie. 我不知道这是什么,不知道结局如何, 不过这是个好电影。
(Laughter) （笑声）
EM: It's quite bizarre test-driving . EM:试驾的感觉非常的奇怪。
bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等); test-driving:v.试车;试验;(test-drive的现在分词)
When I was driving the test prototype for the first truck. 当我第一次驾驶这样卡车的原型车时。
prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态;
It's really weird , because you're driving around and you're just so nimble , and you're in this giant truck. 真的很古怪,因为你开来开去 你感觉非常灵活, 你又是坐在这种大卡车里。
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神; nimble:adj.敏捷的;聪明的;敏感的; giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的
CA: Wait, you've already driven a prototype? CA:等等,你已经开过了？
EM: Yeah, I drove it around the parking lot, and I was like, this is crazy. EM:对,我在一个停车场开了下, 我当时感觉,太疯狂了。
CA: Wow. This is no vaporware . CA:哇哦,这不是幻想。
vaporware:n.雾件,气化件;
EM: It's just like, driving this giant truck and making these mad maneuvers . EM:就像这样,驾驶这个庞然大物, 机动性又让人觉得疯狂。
maneuvers:n.军事演习(maneuver的复数);
CA: This is cool. OK, from a really badass picture to a kind of less badass picture. CA:太酷了。好,从一张很霸道的图片, 到这张不那么霸道的照片。
This is just a cute house from " Desperate Housewives " or something. 这是从《绝望的主妇》剧照里抠出来的房子。
Desperate:adj.不顾一切的;令人绝望的;极度渴望的; Housewives:n.家庭主妇;(housewife的复数)
What on earth is going on here? 这到底要说明什么？
EM: Well, this illustrates the picture of the future that I think is how things will evolve . EM:嗯,这张图片展示了未来, 我觉得事情会如何演化。
illustrates:v.阐明;举例说明(illustrate的三单形式);给…加插图; evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;
You've got an electric car in the driveway . 你在路上看到一辆电动汽车。
driveway:n.(从建筑物,住房,车库等通往大路的)私人车道;
If you look in between the electric car and the house, there are actually three Powerwalls stacked up against the side of the house, and then that house roof is a solar roof. 如果你留心车和房屋之间, 实际上在房屋的周围有三面Powerwall, 同时房屋的屋顶是太阳能屋顶。
stacked:adj.放有大量…的; v.(使)放成整齐的一叠(或一摞、一堆); (stack的过去分词和过去式)
So that's an actual solar glass roof. 所以那实际上是一个太阳能玻璃屋顶。
CA: OK. CA:OK。
EM: That's a picture of a real -- well, admittedly , it's a real fake house. EM:这张图片是真的 —— 嗯,公认的,真的样板房。
admittedly:adv.公认地;无可否认地;明白地; fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的;
That's a real fake house. 这是个真的样板房。
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: So these roof tiles , some of them have in them basically solar power, the ability to -- CA:所以这些屋顶的瓦片, 其中有一些有能力进行太阳能发电 ——
tiles:n.[建]瓷砖(tile的复数形式);v.铺砖(tile的第三人称单数形式);
EM: Yeah. Solar glass tiles where you can adjust the texture and the color to a very fine-grained level, and then there's sort of microlouvers in the glass, EM:对的。太阳能玻璃瓦片 你可以调整纹理和颜色, 可以在很精细的粒度上调整, 而且这些玻璃上有种类似 百叶窗的微型结构,
adjust:v.调整;调节;适应;习惯; texture:n.质地;纹理;结构;本质,实质; fine-grained:adj.细粒的;有细密纹理的;
such that when you're looking at the roof from street level or close to street level, all the tiles look the same whether there is a solar cell behind it or not. 所以当你从街道那么远的距离 看这个屋顶 或者靠近马路的位置, 所有的瓦片看起来都一样了, 无法区分里面是不是有太阳能板。
solar cell:光电管;
So you have an even color from the ground level. 所以从地面上看, 你看到的是均匀的色彩。
If you were to look at it from a helicopter, you would be actually able to look through and see that some of the glass tiles have a solar cell behind them and some do not. 如果你坐在直升机上往下看, 你就能穿透玻璃看到后面 有一些玻璃后面有太阳能电池板, 有一些没有。
look through:浏览,温习;看穿,识破;从…中显露;
You can't tell from street level. 从街道上无法看出来。
CA: You put them in the ones that are likely to see a lot of sun, and that makes these roofs super affordable , right? CA:你把它们放在阳光尽可能 多照射到的地方, 是的这些屋顶更容易负担得起,对么？
affordable:adj.负担得起的;
They're not that much more expensive than just tiling the roof. 这相对于完全用太阳能电池板负载屋顶 要经济得多。
tiling:n.瓷砖;盖瓦;铺瓷砖;瓦类;v.铺瓦于;铺以瓷砖(tile的ing形式);
EM: Yeah. EM:对。
We're very confident that the cost of the roof plus the cost of electricity -- 我们很有自信,屋顶的成本 加上电力节约的成本 ——
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
A solar glass roof will be less than the cost of a normal roof plus the cost of electricity. 一个太阳能玻璃屋顶的成本 将会比一个普通屋顶 加上电力成本来的低。
So in other words, this will be economically a no-brainer , we think it will look great, and it will last -- 所以换句话说, 这将是在经济上的必然选择, 我们觉得看起来很棒, 而且它可以持续 ——
economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地; no-brainer:不需对其动脑筋的事物;
We thought about having the warranty be infinity , but then people thought, well, that might sound like were just talking rubbish, but actually this is toughened glass. 我们有考虑过无限期质保, 但是人们会想, 嗯,这可能听起来像是胡说八道, 但是实际上这些都是钢化玻璃。
warranty:n.保证;担保;授权;(正当)理由; infinity:n.无穷;无限大;无限距; toughened:adj.坚韧的;v.变坚韧;变顽强;变困难(toughen的过去分词);
Well after the house has collapsed and there's nothing there, the glass tiles will still be there. 甚至房屋都倒塌了 成了一片废墟, 这些玻璃瓦片还会完好无损的。
collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式)
(Applause) （掌声）
CA: I mean, this is cool. CA:我觉得这很酷。
So you're rolling this out in a couple week's time, I think, with four different roofing types. 所以我想你可能会在几周内 开始推广, 共有四种不同的屋顶样式。
EM: Yeah, we're starting off with two, two initially, and the second two will be introduced early next year. EM:对,我们开始的时候推广两种, 一开始有两种, 另外两种会在明年初开始。
CA: And what's the scale of ambition here? CA:那么在规模上你有多大的野心？
ambition:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负;
How many houses do you believe could end up having this type of roofing? 你觉得大概有多少屋顶会被 替换成这种屋顶？
EM: I think eventually almost all houses will have a solar roof. EM:我觉得最终的话 基本上所有的屋子都会有太阳能屋顶。
eventually:adv.最后,终于;
The thing is to consider the time scale here to be probably on the order of 40 or 50 years. 问题是需要考虑大概需要多久 我觉得大概是需要 40到50年的样子。
So on average, a roof is replaced every 20 to 25 years. 所以一般而言,屋顶20-25年换一次。
But you don't start replacing all roofs immediately. 但是你不会一开始就替换所有的屋顶。
But eventually, if you say were to fast-forward to say 15 years from now, it will be unusual to have a roof that does not have solar. 但是最终,如果你快速地从现在 推广到15年之后, 那时候没有太阳能的屋顶将会是很少见的。
fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进;
CA: Is there a mental model thing that people don't get here that because of the shift in the cost, the economics of solar power, most houses actually have enough sunlight on their roof pretty much to power all of their needs. CA:这里会不会因为人们的思维模式 还没有到这个程度, 并不是因为成本的变化, 太阳能的经济效应, 大部分房屋的屋顶实际上 有充足的光照, 足够提供他们所需的所有电能。
mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; sunlight:n.日光;
If you could capture the power, it could pretty much power all their needs. 如果你能够利用这种能源, 这基本上满足了他们所有的需要。
capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获
You could go off-grid , kind of. 你可以某种程度上不需要电网了。
off-grid:adj.离网的;
EM: It depends on where you are and what the house size is relative to the roof area, but it's a fair statement to say that most houses in the US have enough roof area to power all the needs of the house. EM:这取决于你的位置 以及屋顶面积和房屋面积的比例, 但是一般而言可以说 美国的大部分房屋有足够大的屋顶 产生足够全家使用的电能。
relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
CA: So the key to the economics of the cars, the Semi, of these houses is the falling price of lithium-ion batteries , which you've made a huge bet on as Tesla. CA:所以这项经济活动的关键 包括汽车、半挂卡车、这些房屋 是锂电池的价格需要足够低, 这是你在特斯拉上的豪赌。
lithium-ion:n.锂离子; batteries:n.电池;炮组;炮列;[法]殴打;(batteries是battery的复数) bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿;
In many ways, that's almost the core competency . 从很多方面讲,这都算是核心能力。
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; competency:n.能力(等于competence);资格;
And you've decided that to really, like, own that competency, you just have to build the world's largest manufacturing plant to double the world's supply of lithium-ion batteries, with this guy. What is this? 所以你决定 为了能够真正的拥有这项核心能力, 你需要建造世界上最大的生产厂房 将世界锂电池供应量翻倍, 用这个家伙。这是什么？
manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
EM: Yeah, so that's the Gigafactory, progress so far on the Gigafactory. EM:对,这是超级工厂, 超级工厂目前的进展。
Eventually, you can sort of roughly see that there's sort of a diamond shape overall , and when it's fully done, it'll look like a giant diamond, or that's the idea behind it, and it's aligned on true north . 最终,你大概能够看到 一个类似钻石形状的轮廓, 等到完全竣工,它会像一个巨型钻石, 这也是这个背后的点子, 这指向正北方。
overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的; aligned:adj.对齐的;均衡的;v.结盟(align的过去式);使成一直线; true north:n.真北(以地轴北极为正北);
It's a small detail. 这是个小细节。
CA: And capable of producing, eventually, like a hundred gigawatt hours of batteries a year. CA:最终将有能力生产, 每年生产几百兆瓦时的电源。
gigawatt:n.千兆瓦;十亿瓦特;
EM: A hundred gigawatt hours. We think probably more, but yeah. EM:一百兆瓦时。我们觉得可能 会更多一些,不过,是的。
CA: And they're actually being produced right now. CA:而且实际上他们已经投入生产了。
EM: They're in production already. CA: You guys put out this video. EM:他们已经在生产了。 CA:你的员工放了这段视频。
I mean, is that speeded up? 我想问,这是快进了么？
speeded:vbl.加速;
EM: That's the slowed down version. EM:这是慢速回放的版本。
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: How fast does it actually go? CA:那么它实际上会有多快？
EM: Well, when it's running at full speed, you can't actually see the cells without a strobe light. EM:嗯,当它全速运行的时候, 不用频闪灯你是看不到具体的电池的,
strobe:n.闸门;闪光灯;频闪观测器;vi.闪光;adj.频闪的(等于stroboscopic);
It's just blur . 是模糊的影子。
blur:v.涂污;使…模糊不清;使暗淡;玷污;n.污迹;模糊不清的事物;
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: One of your core ideas, Elon, about what makes an exciting future is a future where we no longer feel guilty about energy. CA:你的一个核心观念,伊隆, 创在一个令人兴奋的未来 这个未来人们在使用能源上 不用再有罪恶感。
guilty:adj.有罪的;内疚的;
Help us picture this. 帮我们描绘一下。
How many Gigafactories, if you like, does it take to get us there? 需要多少超级工厂,按你的设想, 才能帮助我们达到目标？
EM: It's about a hundred, roughly. EM:大概需要一百座,基本上。
It's not 10, it's not a thousand. 不是10座,不是1000座。
Most likely a hundred. 最有可能是一百座。
CA: See, I find this amazing. CA:看,我觉得很神奇。
You can picture what it would take to move the world off this vast fossil fuel thing. 你可以描绘出为了让世界 抛弃化石燃料需要的具体步骤。
fossil fuel:n.化石燃料(如煤或石油);
It's like you're building one, it costs five billion dollars, or whatever, five to 10 billion dollars. 好像你建造这一座工厂, 造价是五十亿美元, 或者可能是,五十亿到一百亿美元。
Like, it's kind of cool that you can picture that project. 你能描绘出那样的场景相当的酷。
And you're planning to do, at Tesla -- announce another two this year. 而且你的特斯拉公司还计划 —— 今年再建设两座超级工厂。
EM: I think we'll announce locations for somewhere between two and four Gigafactories later this year. EM:我觉得我们会在今年晚些时候 公开二到四座超级工厂的选址。
locations:n.地方;地点;位置;定位(location的复数)
Yeah, probably four. 对,可能是四座。
CA: Whoa. CA:哇。
(Applause) （掌声）
No more teasing from you for here? 这里能透露更多信息么？
teasing:adj.开玩笑的;n.取笑;挑逗;v.取笑;戏弄;招惹;(tease的现在分词)
Like -- where, continent ? 例如 —— 哪个大陆？
continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
You can say no. 你可以说不。
EM: We need to address a global market. EM:我们需要考虑全球市场。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
CA: OK. CA:好吧。
(Laughter) （笑声）
This is cool. 酷。
I think we should talk for -- 我想我们需要谈论一下 ——
Actually, double mark it. 实际上,加上双引号。
I'm going to ask you one question about politics , only one. 我接下来要问一个政治问题,就一个。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
I'm kind of sick of politics, but I do want to ask you this. 我是厌恶政治的,但是我想问你这个问题。
You're on a body now giving advice to a guy -- 你现在加入了一个委员会 为一个人提供建议 ——
EM: Who? EM:谁？
CA: Who has said he doesn't really believe in climate change, and there's a lot of people out there who think you shouldn't be doing that. CA:一个自称不相信全球变暖的人, 并且有很多人觉得你不应该参与其中。
They'd like you to walk away from that. 他们希望你远离这些。
What would you say to them? 你如何回应他们？
EM: Well, I think that first of all, EM:嗯,我想首先,
I'm just on two advisory councils where the format consists of going around the room and asking people's opinion on things, and so there's like a meeting every month or two. 我只是在两个咨询委员会里 形式上大概就是聚在一间屋子里 问人们关于一些议题的看法, 大概一两个月开一次会。
advisory:adj.咨询的;顾问的;劝告的;n.报告;公告; councils:n.委员会(council的复数);理事会; consists:v.由…构成;由…组成(consist的三单形式);
That's the sum total of my contribution . 这是我所有的贡献。
contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件;
But I think to the degree that there are people in the room who are arguing in favor of doing something about climate change, or social issues , 但是我想对在场的那些因为关心 气候变化而争论的朋友,或是争论 社会议题的朋友,
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
I've used the meetings I've had thus far to argue in favor of immigration and in favor of climate change. 我利用我参与这些会议的机会 为移民问题和气候变化问题发声。
immigration:n.外来移民;移居;
(Applause) （掌声）
And if I hadn't done that, that wasn't on the agenda before. 如果我没有这么做, 这些本来都不在议题上。
agenda:n.议事日程;
So maybe nothing will happen, but at least the words were said. 所以可能什么都不会发生, 但是该说的我都说了。
CA: OK. CA:OK。
(Applause) （掌声）
So let's talk SpaceX and Mars . 让我们聊聊SpaceX和火星。
Mars:n.火星
Last time you were here, you spoke about what seemed like a kind of incredibly ambitious dream to develop rockets that were actually reusable. 上一次你来这里, 你讲述了一个看起来充满野心 并且难以置信的梦想 创造一种可以回收利用的火箭。
ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的;
And you've only gone and done it. 现在你终于做到了。
EM: Finally . It took a long time. EM:终于。这花了很长时间。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
CA: Talk us through this. What are we looking at here? CA:跟我们说说这个。 我们现在看到了什么？
EM: So this is one of our rocket boosters coming back from very high and fast in space. EM:这是我们的一个火箭推进器 从很高的天空快速返回的视频。
boosters:n.支持者(booster的复数形式);拉拉队;
So just delivered the upper stage at high velocity . 它在火箭高速飞行的 前期阶段进行推动。
upper:adj.上面的;内陆的;n.靴面;兴奋剂; velocity:n.[物]速度;
I think this might have been at sort of Mach 7 or so, delivery of the upper stage. 我想这大概有7马赫左右, 运送上节火箭。
delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送;
(Applause) （掌声）
CA: So that was a sped-up -- CA:所以这是个快速 ——
EM: That was the slowed down version. EM:这是个慢速回放版本。
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: I thought that was the sped-up version. CA:我以为这是个快进版本。
But I mean, that's amazing, and several of these failed before you finally figured out how to do it, but now you've done this, what, five or six times? 但是我想说这太神奇了, 而且前几次都失败了 后来你终于发现了正确的方法, 现在你们已经做了,五到六次？
EM: We're at eight or nine. EM:我们成功了八九次了。
CA: And for the first time, you've actually reflown one of the rockets that landed. CA:这是历史上第一次, 你回收和再利用了着陆之后的火箭。
EM: Yeah, so we landed the rocket booster and then prepped it for flight again and flew it again, so it's the first reflight of an orbital booster where that reflight is relevant . EM:对,我们回收了火箭推进器 并且重新注入燃料继续使用, 继续回收, 所以这是第一次太空轨道推进器 的重复飞行, 注意这里再次飞行是有意义的。
prepped:v.把…准备好;预备;为(患者)做手术准备;(prep的过去分词和过去式) orbital:adj.轨道的;眼窝的; relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
So it's important to appreciate that reusability is only relevant if it is rapid and complete. 这里很重要的一点需要支持 就是可重用性只有在 快速和完备的时候才是有意义的。
reusability:n.可重用性;
So like an aircraft or a car, the reusability is rapid and complete. 就像是飞行器或者汽车, 它们的重复使用是快速且完备的。
aircraft:n.飞机,航空器;
You do not send your aircraft to Boeing in-between flights. 你不会在两次航空飞行之间 把飞机送回波音公司。
in-between:n.中间人;中间存在者;局中的物体;adj.中间的;
CA: Right. So this is allowing you to dream of this really ambitious idea of sending many, many, many people to Mars in, what, 10 or 20 years time, I guess. CA:对。所以这让你能够实现那个 野心勃勃的梦想 把很多很多人送上火星 在大概10年、20年之内,我猜。
EM: Yeah. EM:对。
CA: And you've designed this outrageous rocket to do it. CA:然后你设计了这样大胆的 火箭来实现这个目标。
outrageous:adj.粗暴的;可恶的;令人吃惊的;
Help us understand the scale of this thing. 跟我们解释一下这个事情的规模。
EM: Well, visually you can see that's a person. EM:好,你可以看到这里有一个人。
visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地;
Yeah, and that's the vehicle. 对,那是火箭。
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: So if that was a skyscraper , that's like, did I read that, a 40-story skyscraper? CA:所以如果那是个摩天大楼的话, 那么大概,如果没算错, 大概40层的摩天大楼？
skyscraper:n.摩天楼,超高层大楼;特别高的东西;
EM: Probably a little more, yeah. EM:可能稍微更高一些,对。
The thrust level of this is really -- 这个级别的推动力非常的 ——
thrust:v.刺;塞;冲;挤;n.刺;插;重点;猛推;
This configuration is about four times the thrust of the Saturn V moon rocket. 这个推动力大概是土星5型火箭的4倍。
configuration:n.配置;结构;外形; Saturn:n.[天]土星;农业之神(罗马神话中的一个形象);
CA: Four times the thrust of the biggest rocket humanity ever created before. CA:比人类创造的最大推进力的火箭 多四倍的推进力。
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
EM: Yeah. Yeah. EM:对,对。
CA: As one does. EM: Yeah. CA:这个能做到。 EM:对呀。
(Laughter) （笑声）
In units of 747, a 747 is only about a quarter of a million pounds of thrust, so for every 10 million pounds of thrust, there's 40 747s. 以波音747做比较,一架747的推动力 大概是25万磅的推动力, 所以一千万镑的推动力, 相当于40架747.
So this would be the thrust equivalent of 120 747s, with all engines blazing . 所以这相当于120架747的推动力, 如果引擎都打开的话。
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; blazing:adj.酷热的;极其愤怒的;v.熊熊燃烧;闪耀;发亮光;怒视;(blaze的现在分词)
CA: And so even with a machine designed to escape Earth's gravity, CA:所以用这台设计用来摆脱 地心引力的机器,
I think you told me last time this thing could actually take a fully loaded 747, people, cargo , everything, into orbit. 我想上次你告诉我说 这东西能够装载一架满载的747, 人,货物,所有东西, 送入轨道。
cargo:n.(船或飞机装载的)货物;
EM: Exactly. This can take a fully loaded 747 with maximum fuel, maximum passengers, maximum cargo on the 747 -- this can take it as cargo. EM:没错。这个可以装载一架 加满油的747, 747上乘客满员、货物满员 —— 可以整体当作货物。
maximum:n.最大限度;最大量;最高限度;adj.最高的;最多的;最大极限的;
CA: So based on this, you presented recently this Interplanetary Transport System which is visualized this way. CA:所以基于这个 你最近展示了这个星际传送系统 画出来是这个样子的。
recently:adv.最近;新近; Interplanetary:adj.太阳系内的;行星间的; visualized:adj.直观的;直视的;v.使形象化;想像(visualize的过去式和过去分词);
This is a scene you picture in, what, 30 years time? 20 years time? 这个场景你描述的是 30年后？20年后？
People walking into this rocket. 人们走进这个火箭。
EM: I'm hopeful it's sort of an eight- to 10-year time frame . EM:我希望这是8到10年之后的场景。
time frame:n.期间时限;
Aspirationally, that's our target. 这是我们的雄心壮志。
Our internal targets are more aggressive , but I think -- 我们内部的目标更加的激进,不过我想 ——
aggressive:adj.侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: OK. CA:好吧。
EM: While vehicle seems quite large and is large by comparison with other rockets, EM:虽然航空器看起来非常大 并且比其它火箭都要大,
by comparison:相比之下,比较起来;
I think the future spacecraft will make this look like a rowboat . 我想未来的宇宙飞船 会让这个看起来就像是小船一样。
spacecraft:n.[宇]宇宙飞船;航天器; rowboat:n.划艇;小船;
The future spaceships will be truly enormous . 未来的航天飞机将真的会很大。
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
CA: Why, Elon? CA:为什么,伊隆？
Why do we need to build a city on Mars with a million people on it in your lifetime, which I think is kind of what you've said you'd love to do? 为什么我们需要在火星上建造城市 在你的有生之年移民一百万人口, 这是我理解的你想要做的事情？
EM: I think it's important to have a future that is inspiring and appealing . EM:我觉得非常重要的是 有一个激动人心和向往的未来。
inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词) appealing:adj.吸引人的; v.呼吁; (appeal的现在分词)
I just think there have to be reasons that you get up in the morning and you want to live. 我就是觉得必须要有理由 让你每天早晨醒来的时候 有活下去的兴趣。
Like, why do you want to live? 像是,你为什么要活着？
What's the point? What inspires you? 意义是什么？有什么东西鼓舞着你？
inspires:激励;赋予灵感(inspire的第三人称单数);
What do you love about the future? 未来你有什么期许？
And if we're not out there, if the future does not include being out there among the stars and being a multiplanet species , 如果我们不能去火星, 如果我们的未来不包括 在多个行星上生活 并且成为跨行星的物种,
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
I find that it's incredibly depressing if that's not the future that we're going to have. 我发现这将会特别的令人失望, 如果这个不是我们即将 迎来的未来的话。
depressing:adj.令人抑郁的; v.使沮丧; (depress的现在分词)
(Applause) （掌声）
CA: People want to position this as an either or, that there are so many desperate things happening on the planet now from climate to poverty to, you know, you pick your issue. CA:人们可能将这个事情放在次要位置, 或者说这个星球上已经有那么多 叫人绝望的事情, 从气候问题到贫困问题,而你, 你挑了你关心的问题。
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
And this feels like a distraction . 这感觉像是有点偏离重点。
distraction:n.注意力分散;消遣;心烦意乱;
You shouldn't be thinking about this. 你不应该思考这些。
You should be solving what's here and now . 你应该解决当前和当下的问题。
here and now:此时此地;立刻;
And to be fair, you've done a fair old bit to actually do that with your work on sustainable energy. 公平地讲,你已经做了一些 实质性的工作 比如你在可再生能源上的贡献。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
But why not just do that? 但是为什么不满足于此呢？
EM: I think there's -- EM:我觉得 ——
I look at the future from the standpoint of probabilities . 我是从概率的角度看待未来的。
standpoint:n.立场;观点; probabilities:可能性;[统计]概率(probability的复数);
It's like a branching stream of probabilities, and there are actions that we can take that affect those probabilities or that accelerate one thing or slow down another thing. 未来就像是不断在的分岔路上做选择, 有一些行为是我们可以做的 会改变可能性 或是加快一件事情, 或是减慢一件事情。
accelerate:v.加快;加速;n.接受速成教育的学生;
I may introduce something new to the probability stream. 我可能在这个可能性的洪流中 引入新的东西。
probability:n.可能性;机率;[数]或然率;
Sustainable energy will happen no matter what . 可再生能源一定会发生。
no matter what:不管什么…;
If there was no Tesla, if Tesla never existed, it would have to happen out of necessity . 如果没有特斯拉, 特斯拉从未存在, 它也会因为有存在的必要性而出现。
of necessity:必然地;不可避免地;
It's tautological . 这是赘述。
tautological:adj.赘述的;同义反复的;类语叠用的;
If you don't have sustainable energy, it means you have unsustainable energy. 如果你没有可再生能源, 意味着你有不可再生能源。
unsustainable:adj.无法支撑的;不可证实的;不能成立的;
Eventually you will run out, and the laws of economics will drive civilization towards sustainable energy, inevitably . 最终能源会耗尽, 经济定律会引导我们的文明 朝着可再生能源发展, 不可避免的。
civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明; inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地;
The fundamental value of a company like Tesla is the degree to which it accelerates the advent of sustainable energy, faster than it would otherwise occur. 像是特斯拉这样的企业的根本价值 在于一定程度上加速 可再生能源的到来, 会比没有特斯拉的时候来得更快。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; accelerates:vt.使…加快;使…增速;vi.加速;促进;增加; advent:n.到来;出现;基督降临;基督降临节;
So when I think, like, what is the fundamental good of a company like Tesla, 所以当我想着,比如, 像是特斯拉这样的企业的核心价值,
I would say, hopefully, if it accelerated that by a decade, potentially more than a decade, that would be quite a good thing to occur. 我会说,希望是, 如果它能够推动这个进程提前十年, 可能超过十年, 那么这将是非常好的事情。
accelerated:v.(使)加速;加速;加快(accelerate的过去分词和过去式) potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
That's what I consider to be the fundamental aspirational good of Tesla. 这是我所考虑的 特斯拉公司最核心的雄心壮志。
aspirational:adj.有雄心壮志的;(生活形态等)梦寐以求的;n.成功指南;处世自助手册;
Then there's becoming a multiplanet species and space-faring civilization. 然后我想到了跨星球的物种 和在宇宙中分型的文明。
This is not inevitable . 这并不是必然发生的。
inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的;
It's very important to appreciate this is not inevitable. 这件事情并不是必然发生, 这非常重要。
The sustainable energy future I think is largely inevitable, but being a space-faring civilization is definitely not inevitable. 可再生能源的未来,我觉得 很大程度上是必然发生的。 但是成为能够在宇宙间飞行的文明 显然不是必然要发生的未来。
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地;
If you look at the progress in space, in 1969 you were able to send somebody to the moon. 如果你看下太空技术的进步, 在1969年我们就可以把人送上月球。
1969. 1969.
Then we had the Space Shuttle . 后来我们有了航天飞机。
Space Shuttle:n.航天飞机;
The Space Shuttle could only take people to low Earth orbit. 航天飞机只能够把人送入低轨。
Then the Space Shuttle retired, and the United States could take no one to orbit. 然后航天飞机退休了, 然后美国就没有办法把人送入轨道了。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
So that's the trend . 所以这就是趋势。
trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向;
The trend is like down to nothing. 这个趋势是退化到什么都没有。
People are mistaken when they think that technology just automatically improves . 人们有时候会错误的理解 觉得技术肯定是自动的提升的。
mistaken:adj.错误;不正确;被误解的;v.弄错;误解;误会;(mistake的过去分词) improves:v.改进;改善;(improve的第三人称单数)
It does not automatically improve. 技术并不会自动的改进。
It only improves if a lot of people work very hard to make it better, and actually it will, I think, by itself degrade , actually. 只有当很多人投入大量精力 努力去改善的时候才有可能。 我想实际上,技术本身是会退化的。
degrade:v.降低…身份;使受屈辱;(使)退化,降解;分解;降低;
You look at great civilizations like Ancient Egypt, and they were able to make the pyramids, and they forgot how to do that. 你看看古埃及的伟大文明, 他们当时建造了金字塔, 他们现在忘记怎么建造的了。
civilizations:n.文明(civilization的复数形式);
And then the Romans, they built these incredible aqueducts . 还有罗马人,他们建造了难以置信的 沟渠系统。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; aqueducts:n.[水利]渡槽;导水管;沟渠;
They forgot how to do it. 他们也忘记怎么建造的了。
CA: Elon, it almost seems, listening to you and looking at the different things you've done, that you've got this unique double motivation on everything that I find so interesting. CA:伊隆,看起来,听你说的话 以及看着你做的这些不同的工作, 你的每件事情都有这独特的 双重动机, 我发现这很有意思。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
One is this desire to work for humanity's long-term good. 一个动机是渴望做人类长远福祉的事。
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
The other is the desire to do something exciting. 另一个是做激动人心的事。
And often it feels like you feel like you need the one to drive the other. 而且看起来你经常会觉得需要用 一个动机去主导另一个动机。
With Tesla, you want to have sustainable energy, so you made these super sexy, exciting cars to do it. 对特斯拉你希望有可再生能源, 所以你做出了这样炫酷的轿车 来达到这个目的。
Solar energy, we need to get there, so we need to make these beautiful roofs. 太阳能,我们需要实现它, 所以我们需要这些漂亮的屋顶。
We haven't even spoken about your newest thing, which we don't have time to do, but you want to save humanity from bad AI, and so you're going to create this really cool brain-machine interface to give us all infinite memory and telepathy and so forth. 我们还没有谈论到你最新的东西, 我们的时间有限, 但是你希望避免坏的AI毁灭人性, 所以你想要创建一个真的很酷的 人脑跟机器的接口 给我们无限的记忆和心灵感应等等。
interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接; infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限; telepathy:n.心灵感应;传心术;
And on Mars, it feels like what you're saying is, yeah, we need to save humanity and have a backup plan, but also we need to inspire humanity, and this is a way to inspire. 关于火星,感觉你说的是, 对,我们需要拯救人类, 需要有一个备份方案, 但是同时我们也需要激发人性, 这是激励我们的方式。
backup:n.后援;增援;(文件等的)备份;adj.后补的;支持性的;伴奏的;
EM: I think the value of beauty and inspiration is very much underrated , no question. EM:我认为美和激励人心的价值 被大大的低估了, 毫无疑问。
underrated:v.过低评价;低估;(underrate的过去式和过去分词)
But I want to be clear. 但是我想要澄清一点。
I'm not trying to be anyone's savior . 我不想成为谁的救世主。
savior:n.救世主;救星;救助者;
That is not the -- 那不是 ——
I'm just trying to think about the future and not be sad. 我只是想要想象未来 希望不要失望。
(Applause) （掌声）
CA: Beautiful statement. CA:完美的说辞。
I think everyone here would agree that it is not -- 我想每个人都会同意 那不是 ——
None of this is going to happen inevitably. 没有任何一件事情 是确定会发生的。
The fact that in your mind, you dream this stuff, you dream stuff that no one else would dare dream, or no one else would be capable of dreaming at the level of complexity that you do. 你脑海中的这些事实, 你梦想的东西, 你梦想的东西没有人敢这么做梦, 或者没有其他人能够将梦想 达到你这个能力和级别的复杂程度。
complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势
The fact that you do that, Elon Musk, is a really remarkable thing. 事实上你做的事情,伊隆·马斯克, 真的都很了不起。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
Thank you for helping us all to dream a bit bigger. 感谢你让我们的梦想都变大了一点。
EM: But you'll tell me if it ever starts getting genuinely insane , right? EM:但是当我开始变得有些疯狂的时候, 你们会提醒我的,对吧？
genuinely:adv.真诚地;诚实地; insane:adj.疯狂的;精神病的;极愚蠢的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: Thank you, Elon Musk. That was really, really fantastic . CA:谢谢你,伊隆·马斯克。 这真的非常、非常的棒。
fantastic:奇异的,空想的
That was really fantastic. 真的非常棒。
(Applause) （掌声）