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EdithWidder_2013-_我们是如何发现巨型乌贼的_
The Kraken , a beast so terrifying it was said to devour men and ships and whales, and so enormous it could be mistaken for an island. 北海巨妖,一只恐怖的野兽, 据说它吞食活人、船只和鲸鱼, 并且它是如此巨大以至于会被误认为是一座小岛。
Kraken:n.相传在挪威海中出现的怪物;挪威传说中的北海巨妖; terrifying:adj.令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的;v.使害怕,使恐怖;(terrify的现在分词) devour:v.狼吞虎咽地吃光;津津有味地看;吞没;毁灭; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; mistaken:adj.错误;不正确;被误解的;v.弄错;误解;误会;(mistake的过去分词)
In assessing the merits of such tales, it's probably wise to keep in mind that old sailor's saw that the only difference between a fairytale and a sea story is a fairytale begins, " Once upon a time ," 在评估这样的故事的真实性时, 聪明的做法也许是谨记着老水手 对童话和海洋传说的区别的看法 是童话往往这样开始:“很久以前……”
assessing:v.评估,评定(性质、质量);估算,估定;(assess的现在分词) merits:n.优点(merit的复数);功绩;是非曲直; keep in mind:记住; fairytale:adj.童话式的;童话中才有的;优美无比的; Once upon a time:从前(常用于故事的开头)
and a sea story begins, "This ain't no shit." (Laughter) 而一个海洋传说会这样开始:“这不是胡扯。”（笑）
Every fish that gets away grows with every telling of the tale. 每次讲一个关于跑掉的鱼的故事时, 这条鱼都会随着故事讲的次数而变大。
Nevertheless , there are giants in the ocean, and we now have video proof , as those of you that saw the Discovery Channel documentary are no doubt aware. 然而大海中也有巨人, 并且现在我们有了视频为证, 如果你们看过探索频道的纪录片,那肯定知道这个。
Nevertheless:adv.然而,不过;虽然如此;conj.然而,不过; giants:n.巨人;大汉;巨兽;巨树;(giant的复数) proof:n.证据;证实;adj.能抵御;可防护;
I was one of the three scientists on this expedition that took place last summer off Japan. 我是参与探索旅程的三位科学家之一, 这次旅程于去年夏天在日本开展。
expedition:n.远征;探险队;迅速;
I'm the short one. 我是照片里最矮的那个。
The other two are Dr. Tsunemi Kubodera and Dr. Steve O'Shea. 其他两位是窪寺恒己博士和史蒂夫·欧谢伊博士。
I owe my participation in this now-historic event to TED. 我能参与到这个历史性的事件中来 这还要感谢 TED。
owe:v.归功于;欠(债);欠(账);欠(情) participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
In 2010, there was a TED event called Mission Blue held aboard the Lindblad Explorer in the Galapagos as part of the fulfillment of Sylvia Earle's TED wish. 2010年有一场TED活动叫做“蓝色使命” 这场活动在停靠于加拉帕戈斯群岛的林德布拉德探险者号上进行 作为西尔维亚·厄尔的“TED愿望”的一部分。
Mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; aboard:adv.在飞机上;[船]在船上;在火车上;prep.在…上; Explorer:n.探险者;勘探者;考察者; fulfillment:n.履行;实行;
I spoke about a new way of exploring the ocean, one that focuses on attracting animals instead of scaring them away. 我讲了探索海洋的新途径, 其中一个重点是要吸引动物而不是将它们吓跑。
exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词)
Mike deGruy was also invited, and he spoke with great passion about his love of the ocean, and he also talked to me about applying my approach to something he's been involved with for a very long time, which is the hunt for the giant squid . 麦克· 德葛鲁也被邀请了, 他很有激情的讲了他对大海的热爱 并且他还讲到了应用我的方法 到一些他参与很久的项目中来, 那就是寻找巨型乌贼。
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词) approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) squid:n.鱿鱼;乌贼;枪乌贼;
It was Mike that got me invited to the squid summit , a gathering of squid experts at the Discovery Channel that summer during Shark Week. (Laughter) 是迈克让我能受邀参加乌贼研讨峰会, 那是在那个夏天的鲨鱼周中 在探索频道开展的一次乌贼专家聚会。（笑声）
summit:n.峰会;山顶;顶点;最高点;
I gave a talk on unobtrusive viewing and optical luring of deep sea squid in which I emphasized the importance of using quiet, unobtrusive platforms for exploration . 我发表了一个关于非介入观察 和使用光诱饵吸引深海乌贼的演讲。 我强调了探索应采用 无声、非介入的平台。
unobtrusive:adj.不唐突的;谦虚的;不引人注目的; optical:adj.光学的;眼睛的,视觉的; luring:n.诱惑;饵;诱惑物;vt.诱惑;引诱; emphasized:v.强调,着重(emphasize的过去式); platforms:n.平台; v.把…放在台上; exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术;
This came out of hundreds of dives I have made, farting around in the dark using these platforms, and my impression that I saw more animals working from the submersible than I did with either of the remote-operated vehicles . 这个结论源自我几百次的潜水活动, 使用这些平台 在黑暗中四处观察 给我的印象是从潜水器中观察 比我使用远程遥控潜艇 能够看到更多的动物。
dives:n.富豪; farting:v.放屁;(尤指)放响屁;(fart的现在分词) impression:n.印象;影响;效果;感想; submersible:adj.能潜水的;能沉入水中的; remote-operated:[自]遥控的; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数)
But that could just be because the submersible has a wider field of view. 但这可能只是因为潜水器具有更广阔的视角。
But I also felt like I saw more animals working with the Tiburon than the Ventana, two vehicles with the same field of view but different propulsion systems. 另外我还发觉使用蒂伯龙潜艇比温塔娜潜艇 我观察到了更多的动物, 两种潜艇的视野相同 但采用了不同的推进系统。
propulsion:n.推进;推进力;
So my suspicion was that it might have something to do with the amount of noise they make. 所以我怀疑这可能跟他们产生的噪音大小有关。
suspicion:n.怀疑;嫌疑;疑心;一点儿;v.怀疑; have something to do with:有点关系;与...有关系;
So I set up a hydrophone on the bottom of the ocean, and I had each of these fly by at the same speed and distance and recorded the sound they made. 因此我在海底安置了一个水听器, 然后我让每一个潜艇以同样的速度和距离经过 并记录它们发出的声音。
hydrophone:n.水诊器;检漏器;水中听音器;
The Johnson Sea-Link -- (whirring noise) -- which you can probably just barely hear here, uses electric thrusters -- very, very quiet. 约翰逊深海链接潜艇 ---（呼呼声噪音） 的声音可能只能被勉强听到, 它使用的是电动推进器 --- 非常、 非常安静。
barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地; electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; thrusters:n.[航]推进器(thruster复数);
The Tiburon also uses electric powered thrusters. 蒂伯龙潜艇使用的也是电动推进器。
It's also pretty quiet, but a bit noisier. (Louder whirring noise) 它也相当安静,但是噪音要稍大一点。（稍大的呼呼声噪音）
whirring:vi.作呼呼声,呼呼作声地飞;n.呼呼声,飕飕声;vt.使呼呼响,使呼呼地飞;
But most deep-diving ROVs these days use hydraulics and they sound like the Ventana. (Loud beeping noise) 但目前能潜到最深的那些远程遥控潜艇大多使用的是液压驱动系统 它们的声音与温塔娜潜艇的一样。（大声蜂鸣音噪音）
hydraulics:n.水力学; beeping:v.发出哔哔声;(使汽车喇叭等)发出嘟嘟声;(beep的现在分词)
I think that's got to be scaring a lot of animals away. 我认为它的声音会吓跑很多的动物。
So for the deep sea squid hunt, 所以对于深海乌贼的探索,
I proposed using an optical lure attached to a camera platform with no thrusters, no motors, just a battery-powered camera, and the only illumination coming from red light that's invisible to most deep-sea animals that are adapted to see primarily blue. 我建议使用光诱饵, 将光源安装到一个没有推进器、没有发动机 的相机平台上, 只有一个电池驱动的相机, 并且唯一的光源来自红光 红光是大部分的深海生物无法看到的 它们适应了只能主要看到蓝色光。
proposed:adj.建议的;推荐的;v.提议;建议;计划;求婚;(propose的过去分词和过去式) lure:n.诱惑;饵;诱惑物;v诱惑;引诱; attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式) battery-powered:adj.[电]靠电池供电的; illumination:n.照明;[光]照度;启发;灯饰(需用复数);阐明; invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; deep-sea:adj.深海的; adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上;
That's visible to our eye, but it's the equivalent of infrared in the deep sea. 这对我们是可见的, 但它相当于深海中的红外线。
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; infrared:n.红外线;adj.红外线的;
So this camera platform, which we called the Medusa , could just be thrown off the back of the ship, attached to a float at the surface with over 2,000 feet of line, 所以这个我们称之为美杜沙的相机平台 可以直接从船后方扔到水中, 平台用长于610米的绳索连在船上,
Medusa:n.水母;水母体;
it would just float around passively carried by the currents, and the only light visible to the animals in the deep would be the blue light of the optical lure, 它会被动地由洋流驱使在周围漂流, 深海中动物们唯一可看见的光 是光诱饵所发出的蓝色光,
passively:adv.被动地;顺从地;
which we called the electronic jellyfish , or e-jelly, because it was designed to imitate the bioluminescent display of the common deep sea jellyfish Atolla. 我们将其称之为电子水母, 因为它的设计是模仿 常见的深海棕色水母 所发出的生物光。
electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; jellyfish:n.水母;[无脊椎]海蜇;软弱无能的人; imitate:v.模仿;仿效;模仿(某人的讲话、举止);作滑稽模仿; bioluminescent:adj.生物性发光的; display:n.显示;炫耀;vt.显示;表现;陈列;vi.[动]作炫耀行为;adj.展览的;陈列用的;
Now, this pinwheel of light that the Atolla produces is known as a bioluminescent burglar alarm and is a form of defense. 棕色水母所发出的这种旋转光 被认为是一种生物光报警 和一种防御形式。
pinwheel:n.纸风车;轮转焰火; burglar alarm:n.防盗铃;
The reason that the electronic jellyfish worked as a lure is not because giant squid eat jellyfish, but it's because this jellyfish only resorts to producing this light when it's being chewed on by a predator and its only hope for escape 电子水母能成为诱饵的原因 不是因为巨型乌贼捕食水母, 而是因为这种水母只会在它被捕食者咀嚼的时候 发出这种光, 水母唯一可以逃生的希望
resorts:n.度假村;度假胜地(resort复数);v.诉诸(resort的第三人称单数); predator:n.[动]捕食者;[动]食肉动物;掠夺者;
may be to attract the attention of a larger predator that will attack its attacker and thereby afford it an opportunity for escape. 是吸引到更大型捕食者的注意, 这样它就会攻击水母的捕食者 从而让水母有机会逃跑。
attacker:n.攻击者;进攻者; thereby:adv.从而,因此;在那附近;在那方面; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
It's a scream for help, a last-ditch attempt for escape, and a common form of defense in the deep sea. 这是呼唤帮助的尖叫,逃跑的最后希望, 也是深海中一种常见的防御形式。
last-ditch:adj.坚持到最后的;最后防线的; attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试;
The approach worked. 这个方法是有效的。
Whereas all previous expeditions had failed to garner a single video glimpse of the giant, we managed six, and the first triggered wild excitement . 之前所有的探索活动都没能成功获得 巨型乌贼的影像资料, 而我们成功录了六段视频,第一次拍到巨型乌贼的视频时我们兴奋极了。
Whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前; expeditions:n.探险(expedition的复数);远征; garner:vt.获得;储存;把…储入谷仓;n.谷仓; glimpse:v.瞥见;[诗]闪现;n.领悟;概况;见识;一睹; triggered:v.发动;引起;触发;开动;起动;(trigger的过去分词和过去式) excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物;
Edith Widder (on video): Oh my God. Oh my God! Are you kidding me?Other scientists: Oh ho ho! That's just hanging there. （视频中） 伊迪丝 · 维达: 哦,我的上帝。哦,我的上帝！你在跟我开玩笑吗？其他科学家: 哦呵呵！就在那里。
EW: It was like it was teasing us, doing a kind of fan dance -- now you see me, now you don't -- and we had four such teasing appearances , and then on the fifth, it came in and totally wowed us. 就像它在戏弄我们,跳着一种有趣的舞蹈 --- 现在你看到我,现在你又看不到我了 --- 我们先看到了四次这样的“戏弄”, 然后第五次时,它靠近了并完全震撼了我们。”
teasing:adj.开玩笑的;n.取笑;挑逗;v.取笑;戏弄;招惹;(tease的现在分词) appearances:n.露面;外观;出现;表面的迹象[征兆];(appearance的复数)
(Music) Narrator : (Speaking in Japanese) （音乐）讲述人:（日语）
Narrator:n.讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员;旁白员;
Scientists: Ooh. Bang ! Oh my God! Whoa! 科学家们: “哦,砰 ！哦,我的上帝！哇噻 ！”
Bang:n.猛敲; v.猛敲; v.正好;
(Applause) （掌声）
EW: The full monty . 完全的震撼。
monty:n.(澳新口)必定的事物(尤指赛马时必赢的马);
What really wowed me about that was the way it came in up over the e-jelly and then attacked the enormous thing next to it, which I think it mistook for the predator on the e-jelly. 让我真正震撼的是 它来到电子水母上来的方式 然后攻击电子水母旁边的巨大东西, 我认为它误认为电子水母上面的是水母的捕食者。
mistook:v.弄错(mistake的过去式);
But even more incredible was the footage shot from the Triton submersible. 但更令人难以置信的是 从特里顿潜水器里拍摄的镜头。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; footage:n.英尺长度;连续镜头;以尺计算长度; Triton:n.[核]氚核;法螺;
What was not mentioned in the Discovery documentary was that the bait squid that Dr. Kubodera used, a one-meter long diamondback squid had a light attached to it, a squid jig of the type that longline fishermen use, and I think it was this light that brought the giant in. 探索频道纪录片里没有提到的是 窪寺恒己博士使用的诱饵乌贼: 一只一米长的菱鳍乌贼 用延绳捕鱼的渔夫使用的乌贼挂钩 将光源附到它身上, 我认为正是这个光 吸引到了巨型乌贼。
bait:v.引诱;在…中放诱饵;折磨;n.饵;诱饵;vi.中途休息; diamondback:adj.有菱形斑纹的;n.菱形斑纹; longline:n.多钩长线;
Now, what you're seeing is the intensified camera's view under red light, and that's all Dr. Kubodera could see when the giant comes in here. 现在你们看到的是 高敏感相机使用红色光录下的影像, 这是窪寺恒己博士在巨型乌贼出现在这里时所看到的全部。
intensified:加强的;
And then he got so excited, he turned on his flashlight because he wanted to see better, and the giant didn't run away, so he risked turning on the white lights on the submersible, bringing a creature of legend from the misty history into high-resolution video. 然后他变得如此兴奋 他打开了他的手电想看的更清楚些, 并且巨型乌贼没有逃跑, 因此他冒着风险打开了潜水器上的所有白色光, 把一种传说中的生物 从朦胧的历史变成了高清晰视频。
creature:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人; legend:n.传奇;说明;图例;刻印文字; misty:adj.模糊的;有雾的; high-resolution:n.高分辨率;
It was absolutely breathtaking , and had this animal had its feeding tentacles intact and fully extended , it would have been as tall as a two-story house. 它是如此的惊人, 如果这个生物将它的捕食触手 完全伸展开的话, 它会有两层楼那样高。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; breathtaking:adj.惊险的;惊人的;激动人心的 tentacles:n.[动]触手;[动]触须(tentacle的复数); intact:adj.完整的;原封不动的;未受损伤的; extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词) two-story:两层(楼)的;
How could something that big live in our ocean and yet remain unfilmed until now? 为什么如此巨大的东西 生活在我们的海洋但直到现在才被拍摄到呢？
We've only explored about five percent of our ocean. 我们目前只探索了海洋的大约5%。
explored:v.探索;勘探;考察;探险;(explore的过去式和过去分词)
There are great discoveries yet to be made down there, fantastic creatures representing millions of years of evolution and possibly bioactive compounds that could benefit us in ways that we can't even yet imagine. 很多伟大的发现将会出现在水下, 代表数百万年的进化过程的伟大生物们 和很可能发现的生物活性化合物 这些发现可能会带给我们无法想象的好处。
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数) representing:v.代表;维护…的利益;等于;相当于;(represent的现在分词) evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; bioactive:adj.生物活性的,对活质起作用的; compounds:n.混合物,化合物;大院(compound的复数形式);
Yet we have spent only a tiny fraction of the money on ocean exploration that we've spent on space exploration. 然而相较于宇宙探索 我们只花了一小部分钱 用于海洋探索。
fraction:n.分数;小部分;小数;少量;
We need a NASA-like organization for ocean exploration, because we need to be exploring and protecting our life support systems here on Earth. 我们需要一个类似美国国家航空航天局的组织来探索海洋, 因为我们需要探索和保护 地球上的我们的生命支持系统。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; life support:adj.保障生命的,维持生命的;
We need ?? thank you. (Applause) 我们需要 --- 谢谢。（掌声）
Exploration is the engine that drives innovation . 探索是推动创新的引擎。
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
Innovation drives economic growth. 创新驱动着经济增长。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
So let's all go exploring, but let's do it in a way that doesn't scare the animals away, or, as Mike deGruy once said, "If you want to get away from it all and see something you've never seen, 所以让我们一起去探索吧, 但是让我们要用一种不会吓跑动物们的方式, 或者如麦克· 德葛鲁曾经说过的: “如果你想要摆脱一切 并且看到一些你从未见过的东西,
or have an excellent chance of seeing something that no one's ever seen, get in a sub." 或有绝佳的机会看到一些前所未见的东西, 那么下到潜水艇里吧。“
He should have been with us for this adventure . 他本应和我们一起进行这次冒险。
adventure:n.冒险;奇遇;经历;冒险游戏;v.探险;以…冒险;大胆进行;闯;
We miss him. 我们缅怀他。
(Applause) （掌声）