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DickCarpenter_2019X-_“警察为盈利而执法”所导致的不公——以及如何结束它_-
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| Picture yourself driving down the road tomorrow, heading somewhere to buy an item you found on Craigslist , perhaps a nice mountain bike for 3,000 dollars. |
想象你明天沿着公路行驶, 前去购买 Craigslist 上 淘到的好东西, 那可能是一辆价值 3000 美元的 高级山地自行车。 |
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down the road:只要沿着这条路;将来;在路上; item:n.条款,项目;一则;一件商品(或物品);adj.又,同上; Craigslist:n.克雷格列表(网站名); mountain bike:n.山地自行车;越野单车;
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| At that price, it's probably one of those bikes with a little electric motor on it -- |
在这样高的价格下, 这可能是一辆 有着一台小型电动马达的自行车—— |
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electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| maybe some streamers from the handlebars . |
可能车把手上还挂着流苏飘带。 |
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streamers:n.装饰彩纸条;条幅;横幅;(streamer的复数) handlebars:n.车把(handlebar的复数);
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| The seller has declared this a cash-only deal, so you have, in the console of your car, 3,000 dollars. |
卖家声明,这次交易只能用现金, 所以你在车上的操作台里 放着 3000 美元现金。 |
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console:v.安慰;抚慰;慰藉;n.控制台,操纵台,仪表板;
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| Suddenly, you are pulled over. |
突然间,你被警察叫停到路边。 |
| During the stop, the officer asks, "Do you have any drugs, weapons or large amounts of cash in your car?" |
警官走上前来问道, “你车里有任何毒品、武器 或者大额现金吗？” |
| You truthfully answer, "Yes," |
你诚实地回答道,“是的,” |
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truthfully:adv.诚实地;深信不疑地;
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| not to the drugs or to the weapons, but to the cash. |
不是说是有毒品或者是有武器, 而是说车里有现金。 |
| In the blink of an eye , you are ordered out of your car. |
转瞬间,你就被命令 从你的车里出来。 |
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In the blink of an eye:熄灭;在一瞬间;眨眼之间;眨眼间;一眨眼间;
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| The officer searches it and finds your cash. |
这位警官搜查了这辆车, 并且发现了你放的现金。 |
| On the spot , he seizes it, and he says he suspects it's part of a drug crime. |
他当场就没收了它, 并且他声称他怀疑这些 现金与毒品犯罪有关。 |
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On the spot:adj.现场的; suspects:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的第三人称单数)
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| A few days later, the local district attorney files paperwork to keep your money -- permanently . |
几天以后, 当地检查官发布文件 要扣留你的钱—— 永久性地扣留。 |
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district attorney:n.(美国)地方检察官; paperwork:n.文书工作; permanently:adv.永久地,长期不变地;
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| And all of this happens without you ever being charged or convicted of any crime. |
这一切都发生在 你并没有被起诉,或者 没有被判定犯有任何罪状的情况下。 |
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convicted:v.定罪;宣判…有罪;(convict的过去式和过去分词)
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| Now, you might be saying, "Ah, this would never happen in the United States." |
你可能会说, “啊,这种情况永远 不会在美国发生。” |
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United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Incidents like this occur every day in our country. |
这类事情其实每天都会 在我们的国家发生。 |
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occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;
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| It's one of the most significant threats to your property rights most people have never even heard of. |
这是对你财产权的最大威胁, 大多数人甚至都没听说这类事情。 |
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significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物;
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| It's called " civil forfeiture ." |
这种做法叫做 “民事没收（civil forfeiture）”。 |
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civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; forfeiture:n.(财产等的)没收;(权利,名誉等的)丧失;
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| Most of you are generally aware of criminal forfeiture, although the term itself might be a little unfamiliar , so let's begin with forfeiture. |
你们中的大多数人通常 都知道“刑事没收”（criminal forfeiture）, 虽然你们可能对于这个 术语本身不太熟悉, 所以让我们从“没收” 这个词开始讲起。 |
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generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地; unfamiliar:adj.不熟悉的;不常见的;没有经验的;
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| When we forfeit something, we give up that thing, or we're forced to give it up. |
当我们被没收某样东西时, 我们是让出了那件东西, 或者说我们是被迫 放弃了那件东西。 |
| In criminal forfeiture, someone is charged and convicted of a crime, and therefore, they have to give up property related to that crime. |
在刑事没收中, 有的人被指控并且被定罪, 因此,他们必须放弃与 此次犯罪有关的财产。 |
| For example, suppose you use your car to transport and deal drugs. |
比如说,假设你使用你的车去 运输和进行毒品交易。 |
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suppose:v.推断:假定:假设:设想: transport:n.运输;输送;运送;运输机;v.输送;传播;使产生身临其境的感觉;(旧时)流放;
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| You're caught and convicted; now you have to give up or forfeit your car as part of the sentencing. |
你因此被抓住并被定罪; 这时你就不得不在判决过程中交出, 或者说让执法机关没收你的车。 |
| That's criminal forfeiture. |
这就是刑事没收。 |
| But in civil forfeiture, no person is charged with a crime -- the property is charged and convicted of a crime. |
但是在民事没收中, 没人会被起诉任何罪行—— 而财产本身会被起诉并且被定罪。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| You heard that correctly: the government actually convicts an inanimate object with a crime. |
你们没听错: 政府真的可以给无生命的物品定罪。 |
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convicts:v.定罪;宣判…有罪;n.已决犯;服刑囚犯;(convict的第三人称单数和复数) inanimate:adj.无生命的;无生气的;
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| It's as if that thing itself committed the crime. |
这就好比物品自己 犯了罪一样。 |
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committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式)
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| That's why civil forfeiture cases have these really peculiar names, like, "The United States of America v. One 1990 Ford Thunderbird ." |
这就是为什么民事没收案件 通常有一些非常奇怪的名字, 比如说,“美国起诉 1990 年产 福特雷鸟轿车”。 |
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peculiar:adj.特殊的;独特的;奇怪的;罕见的;n.特权;特有财产; United States of America:un.美利坚合众国; Ford:n.福特[姓氏];浅滩;v.涉(水);渡河;津渡; Thunderbird:n.雷鸟(北美印第安人神话中兴起雷雨的巨鸟);
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Or "The State of Oklahoma v. 53,234 Dollars in Cash." |
或者是“俄克拉荷马州起诉 53234 美元现金”。 |
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Oklahoma:n.美国俄克拉荷马州;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Or my personal favorite: "The United States of America v. One Solid Gold Object in the Form of a Rooster ." |
或者是我最爱的案件名: “美国起诉 一尊公鸡形状的纯金雕塑”。 |
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personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; Rooster:n.公鸡;狂妄自负的人;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Now, you're thinking: |
你们应该在想: |
| How does something like this happen? |
怎么会发生这种事？ |
| That's exactly what I said when I first learned about civil forfeiture while on a road trip with my wife. |
我第一次了解到 民事没收时也是怎么说的, 当时我正和妻子在长途旅行的车上。 |
| No, we did not get pulled over. |
不过,我们并没有被叫停到路边。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| I was reading about the history of civil forfeiture as part of my work as a research director at the law firm, and I came across one of the cases I just mentioned, "The United States of America v. One 1990 Ford Thunderbird." |
我当时正在读关于 民事没收的历史, 这是我作为法律公司 研究总监的一部分工作, 然后我就看到了我刚才提到的 众多案例中的一件, “美国起诉 1990 年产 福特雷鸟轿车”。 |
| In that case, Carol Thomas loaned her car to her son. |
这起案件中,卡罗尔 · 托马斯 （Carol Thomas）把她的车 |
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Carol:v.欢乐地歌唱;唱耶诞颂歌;n.颂歌,赞美诗;欢乐之歌;
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| While in the car, her son committed a minor drug crime. |
贷款卖给了她的儿子,而她的儿子 在车里进行了一次轻微的毒品犯罪。 |
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minor:adj.未成年的; n.未成年人; vi.副修;
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| Carol didn't commit any crime, so law enforcement couldn't convict her and take the car, but they could -- and did -- use civil forfeiture to "convict the car" and take it. |
卡罗尔没有犯任何罪, 所以执法人员不能给她定罪 并没收这辆车, 但是他们可以,并且也的确 使用民事没收给这辆车 “定罪”并没收了它。 |
| Carol was completely innocent , but she lost her car nonetheless . |
卡罗尔完全是无辜的, 但不管怎样,她还是失去了她的车。 |
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innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋; nonetheless:adv.尽管如此,但是;
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| In other words, she was punished for a crime she did not commit. |
换句话说, 她因她并没有犯下的罪行 而受到了惩罚。 |
| When I read this, I was gobsmacked . |
当我读到这儿时,简直目瞪口呆。 |
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gobsmacked:adj.目瞪口呆的; v.使窘困;
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| How could this occur? |
这样的事情怎么可能发生呢？ |
| How is this even legal ? |
这怎么能是合法的呢？ |
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legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的;
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| It turns out, it began in our country with maritime law. |
原来,民事没收最早出现在 我国的海商法中。 |
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maritime:adj.海的;海事的;沿海的;海员的;
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| Early in our republic, the government sought to fight piracy -- yes, actual pirates. |
在建国初期,政府 致力于抗击海盗劫掠—— 是的,是真正的海盗, 不是盗版行为。 |
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sought:v.seek(寻求、寻找)的过去式和过去分词形式; piracy:n.海盗行为;剽窃;著作权侵害;非法翻印;
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| The problem was the government often couldn't catch the pirates, so instead it used civil forfeiture to convict the pirates' property and take it, and therefore deny the pirates their illegal profits . |
问题在于,政府经常无法抓到海盗, 取而代之的是,政府使用 民事没收给海盗的资产定罪, 并且进行没收, 以此来收走海盗的不法资产。 |
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deny:v.否定,否认;拒绝给予;拒绝…的要求; illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工; profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Of course, the government could've simply taken and kept the booty without necessarily using civil forfeiture, but doing so would have violated our most basic due process and property rights. |
当然,政府本可以 不利用民事没收, 而干脆直接收缴并保留这些赃物。 但是这样做就会违反 我们最基本的正当法律程序 和财产所有权。 |
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booty:n.赃物;战利品;掠夺物;(赢得,购买,得到的)贵重物品; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; violated:v.违反,违背(法律、协议等); (violate的过去分词和过去式) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
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| Now, the government rarely used civil forfeiture until the 1980s and the war on drugs. |
直到 1980 年代,政府 都很少使用民事没收, 接着禁毒战争就来了。 |
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rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
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| We expanded civil forfeiture law to cover drug crimes and then later, other types of crime. |
我们把民事没收法扩充到了 毒品犯罪领域, 后来又涵盖了其它 各种类型的犯罪。 |
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expanded:adj.扩充的;展开的;vt.扩大(expand的过去式);
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| Canada and the European Union adopted similar provisions so that now all kinds of people are ensnared in the forfeiture web, people like Russ Caswell. |
加拿大和欧盟也采取了类似的法规, 以至于现在各种各样的人 都陷入了民事没收的泥淖中, 比如罗斯 · 卡斯韦尔（Russ Caswell）。 |
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European Union:n.欧洲联盟; adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词); provisions:n.规定(provision的复数); v.供应补给品; ensnared:vt.诱捕;诱入陷阱;进入罗网;
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| Russ Caswell owned a small budget motel in Tewksbury, Massachusetts. |
罗斯 · 卡斯韦尔在马萨诸塞州图克斯伯里 拥有一家小型的廉价汽车旅馆。 |
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budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; motel:n.汽车旅馆;
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| His father built the motel in 1955, and Russ took it over in the 1980s. |
他的父亲在 1955 年建造了旅馆, 罗斯在 1980 年代接手了它。 |
| During the years that Russ owned the motel, from time to time , people would rent rooms, and they would commit drug crimes. |
在罗斯拥有旅馆的那些年里, 不时地,有人们会租用房间, 并在里面进行毒品犯罪。 |
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from time to time:不时,有时;
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| Russ didn't condone the activities -- in fact, whenever he found out about it, he would immediately call police. |
罗斯那时并没有纵容这些行为—— 实际上,每次他发现这种事情时, 他都会立马报警。 |
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condone:vt.宽恕;赦免;
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| Russ was entirely innocent of any crime, but that did not stop the US Department of Justice from seizing his motel simply because other people committed crimes there. |
罗斯与任何罪行都是 完全无关的。 但是这并没有阻止美国司法部 查封他的汽车旅馆, 仅仅因为有其他人 在这里进行过犯罪。 |
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Justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
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| But Russ's case was not alone. |
但罗斯的例子并不是个例。 |
| Between 1997 and 2016, the US Department of Justice took more than 635,000 properties. |
在 1997 到 2016 年间, 美国司法部没收了超过 63 万 5 千件财产。 |
| This means each year, tens of thousands of people lose their properties in cases in which they're never charged or convicted of any crime. |
这意味着每一年里, 就会有数万人在从没有被起诉 或者任何罪名的情况下, 失去他们的财产。 |
| And we're not necessarily talking about major drug kingpins or headline-grabbing financial fraudsters whose cases involve hundreds of thousands if not millions of dollars. |
我们讨论的并不是那些牵扯了 少则几百万,多则数十万美元案子的 大毒枭们, 或者那些极受关注的金融诈骗犯们。 |
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kingpins:n.[机]中心立轴;主要人物; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; fraudsters:行骗者(fraudster的复数); involve:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;
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| Many of these seizures and forfeitures involve just everyday people like Russ Caswell or you or me. |
很多起查封和没收案件 涉及的仅仅是普通人, 就好比罗斯 · 卡斯韦尔, 或者你们, 或者我自己。 |
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seizures:n.癫痫,痉挛;发作(seizure的复数); forfeitures:n.(财产等的)没收;(权利,名誉等的)丧失;
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| But it gets worse. |
还有更糟糕的。 |
| Are you wondering: |
你们有没有感到疑惑: |
| Where does all this cash and property end up? |
所有这些现金和财产 最后到哪里去了呢？ |
| In most places, law enforcement keeps it. |
在大多数地方, 这些财物由执法机关保管。 |
| And they use it to buy equipment or pay for building repairs or even pay salaries and overtime . |
他们使用这些东西去购买设备 或者进行建筑维护, 甚至用以支付工资和加班费。 |
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overtime:n.加班;加班的时间;加班费;adv.加班;
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| This is a clear conflict of interest. |
这种行为是很明显的利益冲突。 |
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conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
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| It creates a perverse profit incentive that can distort law enforcement. |
这提供了一种会扭曲执法行为 的非正当利益激励。 |
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perverse:adj.堕落的,不正当的;倔强的;违反常情的; incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的; distort:v.使变形;扭曲;使失真;歪曲;
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| And this is a problem that's not lost on those in law enforcement, either. |
对于执法机关内部,在这件事情上 没有迷失的人来说,这也同样是个问题。 |
| Former chief of police in Rochester , Minnesota , Roger Peterson, described the choice that police officers often face. |
明尼苏达州罗切斯特的前警察局长 罗杰 · 彼得森（Roger Peterson） 描述了警官时常会面临的选择。 |
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Rochester:n.罗契斯特市(美国明尼苏达州一城市); Minnesota:n.明尼苏达州(美国中北部洲); Roger:n.罗杰;[男名]男子名;int.明白;v.与某人性交; described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
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| As he described it: suppose I'm a police officer , and I see a drug deal. |
在他的描述中: 假设我是一名警官, 我看到了一场毒品交易。 |
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police officer:n.警官;警察;警务人员;
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| Now I face a choice: |
那么现在我就面临一个抉择: |
| Do I go after the buyer and remove from the street illegal drugs, or do I go after the seller and get cash for my agency to use? |
我是追寻买家并且清除 街头的非法毒品呢, 还是去追逐卖家, 以此为自己所在的部门谋利呢？ |
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agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处;
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| So it's easy to see why a police officer might go for the cash. |
所以很容易就知道为什么警官 可能会选择去追查现金了。 |
| It was just such a circumstance that compelled police officers in Philadelphia to seize an entire house. |
正是这样的大环境 迫使费城的警官查封了一整栋房屋。 |
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circumstance:n.环境,情况;事件;境遇; compelled:v.强迫;迫使;使必须;引起(反应);(compel的过去分词和过去式) Philadelphia:n.费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市); seize:v.抓住;夺取;理解;逮捕;
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| In 2014, Chris and Markela Sourovelis' son sold 40 dollars worth of drugs down the street from their house. |
在 2014 年,克里斯（Chris）和 玛克拉 · 苏罗威利斯（Markela Sourovelis） 警察眼看着交易进行下去。 |
| Forty dollars. |
就 40 美元。 |
| The police watched the deal go down. |
警察眼看着交易进行下去。 |
| They could've arrested the buyer and confiscated the drugs, but they didn't. |
他们本可以逮捕买家并且 没收所购的毒品, 但是他们没有这么做。 |
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confiscated:v.充公,没收(confiscate的过去分词);
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| They could've arrested the Sourovelises' son right there on the street and grabbed 40 dollars. |
他们本来可以当场在街上 逮捕苏罗威利斯夫妇的儿子, 并取走这 40 美元。 |
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grabbed:v.抓住;攫取;抓住,夺得;(grab的过去分词和过去式)
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| But they didn't. |
但是他们也没有。 |
| They waited to arrest him at home, because then they could seize their entire house. |
他们等到他到家才开始抓捕, 因为这样他们就可以收缴 他们的整套房屋。 |
| The house was worth 350,000 dollars. |
这套房子价值 35 万美元。 |
| That is what I mean by a perverse profit incentive. |
就是我所说的不正当的利益激励。 |
| But the Sourovelises' case was no outlier . |
但苏罗威利斯夫妇的案例 并不是极端情况。 |
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outlier:n.[分化]异常值;露宿者;局外人;离开本体的部分;
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| Philadelphia, the "City of Brotherly Love," |
费城,被称为“友爱之城”、 |
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Brotherly:adj.兄弟的;兄弟般的;亲切的;adv.兄弟般地;亲切地;
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| the "Athens of America," |
“美洲大陆的雅典”、 |
| the " Cradle of Liberty ," birthplace to the Constitution , home to the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall, the "City that Loves you Back" -- |
“自由的摇篮”、宪法的诞生地、 自由钟和独立纪念馆的所在地、 “爱你之市”—— |
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Cradle:n.摇篮;发源地;发祥地;支船架;vt.抚育;把...搁在支架上;把...放在摇篮内; Liberty:n.自由;许可;冒失; birthplace:n.出生地;发源地; Constitution:n.宪法;构成;体质;组成; Independence:n.独立;独立性;自恃心;独立不羁的精神;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| that Philadelphia was running a forfeiture machine. |
我们所知的那个费城 正开动着一台“没收机器”。 |
| Between 2002 and 2016, |
在 2002 到 2016 年间, |
| Philadelphia took more than 77 million dollars through forfeiture, including 1,200 homes. |
费城通过没收获得了 超过 7700 万美元, 其中包括 1200 栋房屋。 |
| Cars, jewelry, electronics -- all of it they sold, the proceeds they kept. |
汽车、珠宝、电子产品—— 他们把所有通过变卖所产生的收益 据为己有。 |
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electronics:n.电子学;电子工业; proceeds:v.继续做;行进;前往;(proceed的第三人称单数)
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| And they would have kept right on doing it, had it not been for a class-action lawsuit -- our team's class-action lawsuit -- |
而且他们会持续不断地这样做, 直到发生了一场集体诉讼—— 一场由我们团队提出的集体诉讼。 |
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had it not been for:na.假使没有;若非; class-action:集体诉讼; lawsuit:n.诉讼;[法]官司;诉讼案件;
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| (Applause and cheers) |
（掌声和欢呼） |
| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| We forced them to change their forfeiture practices and to compensate victims. |
我们强制他们改变了 他们的没收行为 并且去赔偿受害者。 |
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compensate:v.补偿,赔偿;抵消;
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| (Applause and cheers) |
（掌声和欢呼） |
| When our team first began researching forfeiture in 2007, we had no idea how much forfeiture revenue there was. |
当我们的团队在 2007 年 首次研究民事没收时, 我们完全不知道没收 所带来的收入能有多少。 |
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revenue:n.收益;营业额;税务署;
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| In fact, no one knew. |
事实上,当时没有任何人知道。 |
| It wasn't until our groundbreaking study, "Policing for Profit," |
直到我们突破性的研究, “警察为盈利而执法”的出现, |
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groundbreaking:adj.开创性的;创新的;革新的
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| that we found federal law enforcement agencies have taken in almost 40 billion dollars -- billion with a B -- since 2001, more than 80 percent of that through civil forfeiture. |
我们发现联邦执法部门 自从 2001 年起已经没收了 接近 400 亿美元—— 单位是亿—— 其中超过 80% 的金额是 通过民事没收得到的。 |
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federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数);
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| Unfortunately , we have no idea how much state and local agencies have taken in, because in many states, they don't have to report it. |
然而遗憾的是,我们完全不知道 州和地方机关没收了多少, 因为很多州无需上报这项数字。 |
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Unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
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| So until we reform forfeiture, we'll never know how much forfeiture activity actually occurs in the United States. |
所以直到我们对没收进行改革前, 我们都不会知道 美国到底发生了多少次 民事没收行为。 |
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reform:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;n.改革;改良;改善; occurs:v.重现(occur的第三人称单数);
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| And we desperately need reform. |
我们迫切地需要进行改革。 |
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desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地;
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| Legislatures should abolish civil forfeiture and replace it with criminal forfeiture. |
立法机关应该废除民事没收, 并且用刑事没收来替代它。 |
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Legislatures:n.立法机关(legislature的复数); abolish:vt.废除,废止;取消,革除;
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| And all forfeiture proceeds should go to a neutral fund such as a general fund. |
所有的没收产生的收益都应该 放进市场中性基金里, 比如普通基金里。 |
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neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的; fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助;
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| When forfeiture proceeds stop hitting law enforcement budgets directly , that is when we will end policing for profit. |
当执行没收的收益不再直接 影响执法部门的预算, 警察为盈利而执法才能终结。 |
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budgets:n.[财政]预算(budget复数形式);v.为…做预算(budget的第三人称单数形式); directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Now, as you can imagine, law enforcement officials don't love these recommendations . |
那么很显然, 执法人员不会欢迎这些建议。 |
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law enforcement officials:执法人员; recommendations:n.推荐;推荐信;推荐规范(recommendation的复数形式);
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| They stand to lose a lot of money, and they believe civil forfeiture is an effective crime-fighting tool. |
他们面临失去大量的收入, 而且他们相信民事没收是 打击犯罪的有效工具。 |
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effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; crime-fighting:n.打击犯罪;
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| The trouble is, it's not. |
但问题是, 这种方法实际上收效甚微。 |
| In June 2019, we released a study that found forfeiture does not improve crime-fighting. |
在 2019 年 6 月,我们 发布了一项研究, 表明没收行为并没有改善犯罪打击。 |
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released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) improve:v.改进;改善;
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| And the report also found that law enforcement agencies pursue more forfeiture money during economic downturns . |
报告同时发现, 执法部门在经济衰退时 想要获取更多的没收收益。 |
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pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; downturns:n.向下;下转;下降趋势;(downturn的复数)
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| So when city and county budgets are tight, law enforcement will use forfeiture to find the money. |
所以当市县的财政预算吃紧时, 执法机关就会通过实施 民事没收去赚钱。 |
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county:n.郡,县;
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| So it's no wonder, then, that law enforcement officials predict a criminal apocalypse -- |
所以难怪, 执法人员能够预测犯罪末日—— |
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predict:v.预报;预言;预告; apocalypse:n.启示;天启;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| if these reforms are adopted. |
如果这些改革被推行的话。 |
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reforms:n.改革(reform的复数);v.改革(reform的单数第三人称);
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| But some states have already implemented them, and we're pushing for reform all across the country, because until we reform forfeiture, this is something that could happen to any of us. |
但有些州已经在实施这些变革了, 并且我们正在全国范围内 推广这项改革, 因为在我们完全改变 民事没收制度之前, 任何人都有可能受其影响。 |
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implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词)
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| It can happen in the United States, it can happen in the United Kingdom , it can happen in countries throughout the European Union and beyond. |
民事没收可能发生在美国、 可能发生在英国、 可能发生在欧盟的任何一个国家, 以及其他很多地方。 |
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United Kingdom:n.英国; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
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| People like you and me and the Sourovelises and Russ Caswell, just doing the everyday stuff of life, can be caught in a scheme we never thought possible. |
像你、我、苏罗威利斯夫妇和 罗斯 · 卡斯韦尔这样 安分守己,遵纪守法的普通人, 都有可能陷入到我们 从未预料过的计谋。 |
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stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: scheme:n.计划;方案;体系;体制;阴谋;v.密谋;图谋;想;认为;
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| It is time we end policing for profit once and for all . |
是时候永久终结 警察为盈利而执法了。 |
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once and for all:一劳永逸地;彻底地;最后一次;
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| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Applause and cheers) |
（掌声和欢呼） |