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DeniseHerzing_2013-_我们可以说海豚语吗_
Well, now we're going to the Bahamas to meet a remarkable group of dolphins that I've been working with in the wild for the last 28 years. 現在要請大家和我一起到巴哈馬 認識一群相當優秀的野生海豚 我們已經相處了 28 年
Bahamas:n.巴哈马群岛(拉丁美洲国家); remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
Now I'm interested in dolphins because of their large brains and what they might be doing with all that brainpower in the wild. 我對海豚十分感興趣因為牠們的腦子大 我想知道牠們是如何在野外 發揮智能的
brainpower:n.智能;智囊团;
And we know they use some of that brainpower for just living complicated lives, but what do we really know about dolphin intelligence ? 我們知道海豚應用某部份的智能 解決複雜生活上的難題 但對海豚的智力 我們到底知道多少？
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) dolphin:n.海豚; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
Well, we know a few things. 我們目前知道幾件事。
We know that their brain-to-body ratio , which is a physical measure of intelligence, is second only to humans. 我們知道 如果用身體的質量衡量智力 海豚的大腦和身體的比例 僅次於人類
ratio:n.比率;比例;v.用比例方式表达;求出…的比值;使…成比例; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
Cognitively , they can understand artificially-created languages. 基本上, 牠們懂人造語言
Cognitively:adv.认知地;
And they pass self-awareness tests in mirrors. 牠們可以在鏡子中認出自己
self-awareness:n.自我意识;
And in some parts of the world, they use tools, like sponges to hunt fish. 在某些地方 牠們還會使用工具 例如用海綿捕魚
sponges:n.[无脊椎]海绵(sponge的复数形式); v.用海绵擦拭,吸收掉,抹掉(sponge的第三人称单数形式);
But there's one big question left: do they have a language, and if so, what are they talking about? 但還有個很重要的問題: 牠們有自己的語言嗎？ 如果有,那牠們都在說些什麼呢？
So decades ago, not years ago, 所以幾十年前,不是幾年前而已
I set out to find a place in the world where I could observe dolphins underwater to try to crack the code of their communication system. 我下定決心要找個地方 讓我能在水底下觀察海豚 解開牠們的溝通系統之謎
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视; underwater:adj.在水中的;水面下的;adv.在水下;n.水下; crack:v.使破裂;打开;变声;n.裂缝;声变;噼啪声;adj.最好的;高明的;
Now in most parts of the world, the water's pretty murky , so it's very hard to observe animals underwater, but I found a community of dolphins that live 現在大部分的海域都非常混濁 因此要想在水底下觀察動物比登天還難 但我發現有一群海豚
murky:adj.黑暗的;朦胧的;阴郁的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
in these beautiful, clear, shallow sandbanks of the Bahamas which are just east of Florida. 居住在這片美麗潔淨的巴哈馬沙灘 剛好位在佛羅里達的東邊
sandbanks:n.沙洲;沙滩;沙丘;
And they spend their daytime resting and socializing in the safety of the shallows, but at night, they go off the edge and hunt in deep water . 白天時海豚在安全無虞的淺水區 社交休憩 但到了晚上,他們會離開邊界到深水區狩獵
socializing:v.交往,交际;使适应社会;使社会主义化;(socialize的现在分词) in deep water:遭遇艰难;
Now, it's not a bad place to be a researcher, either. 這裡也是個不錯的研究地點
So we go out for about five months every summer in a 20-meter catamaran , and we live, sleep and work at sea for weeks at a time. 我們每個夏天花五個月的時間 在 20 米長的雙體船上生活、睡覺、工作 每次在海上漂泊好幾個禮拜
go out for:努力争取;(运动员,运动队)尽力参加选拔赛; catamaran:n.双体船;长筏;游艇;
My main tool is an underwater video with a hydrophone , which is an underwater microphone , and this is so 主要工具是備有水聽器的水下攝影機 簡而言之 就是一個水下麥克風
hydrophone:n.水诊器;检漏器;水中听音器; microphone:n.麦克风;传声器;话筒;
I can correlate sound and behavior. 讓我找出牠們聲音和行為的關聯
correlate:vi.关联;vt.使有相互关系;互相有关系;n.相关物;相关联的人;adj.关联的;
And most of our work's pretty non-invasive . 大部分的研究作業不會造成任何傷害
non-invasive:adj.非侵入性的;非入侵的;
We try to follow dolphin etiquette while we're in the water, since we're actually observing them physically in the water. 我們小心翼翼的跟著海豚 因為我們只需要在水裡實際觀察就好
etiquette:n.礼节,礼仪;规矩; observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的;v.观察;遵守(observe的现在分词);
Now, Atlantic spotted dolphins are a really nice species to work with for a couple of reasons. 我們發現大西洋斑海豚 是最棒的研究夥伴
Atlantic:adj.大西洋的;巨人阿特拉斯的;n.大西洋; spotted:adj.有花点的;有斑点的;v.看见;看出;发现;让步;(spot的过去分词和过去式) species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
They're born without spots, and they get spots with age, and they go through pretty distinct developmental phases , so that's fun to track their behavior. 因為牠們出生時沒有斑點斑點隨著年歲增長而出現 而且牠們有明顯不同的成長階段 因此觀察牠們的行為變得十分有趣
distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的; developmental:adj.发展的;启发的; phases:n.阶段,时期(phase的复数形式);v.逐步实行(phase的三单形式); track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;
And by about the age of 15, they're fully spotted black and white . 在 15 歲的時候 牠們身上會布滿黑白斑點
black and white:adj.印刷的;黑白混合的;用笔写的;
Now the mother you see here is Mugsy. 現在你看到的這位海豚媽媽叫瑪格西
She's 35 years old in this shot, but dolphins can actually live into their early 50s. 這個時候她 35 歲 但其實海豚可以活到 50 多歲
And like all the dolphins in our community, we photographed Mugsy and tracked her little spots and nicks in her dorsal fin, and also the unique spot patterns as she matured over time. 就像族群裡的其他海豚 我們拍照紀錄追蹤瑪格西身上的斑點 在牠的背鰭上做記號 紀錄牠成長過程中 身上特殊的斑點圖騰
tracked:v.跟踪;追踪;(track的过去分词和过去式) nicks:n.裂纹; v.刻痕于; dorsal:adj.背部的;背的,背侧的; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; matured:adj.成熟的;到期的;v.成熟;到期(mature的过去分词);
Now, young dolphins learn a lot as they're growing up, and they use their teenage years to practice social skills, and at about the age of nine, the females become sexually mature, so they can get pregnant , and the males mature quite a bit later, at around 15 years of age. 海豚在長大期間不斷學習 牠們在青少年時期磨練社交技巧 9 歲上下,母海豚性機能發育成熟 可以懷孕了 而公海豚性成熟則較晚 要等到 15 歲
sexually:adv.性,性欲 pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的;
And dolphins are very promiscuous , and so we have to determine who the fathers are, so we do paternity tests by collecting fecal material out of the water and extracting DNA. 其實海豚很花心 因此我們要想知道哪位是父親 就需要採集他們的糞便 拿上岸做 DNA 親子鑑定
promiscuous:adj.混杂的;杂乱的;adv.偶然地;胡乱地; determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; paternity:n.父权;父系;父系后裔; fecal:adj.排泄物的;残渣的;糟粕的; extracting:n.提取;萃取;撷取;adj.拔出的(extract进行式);
So what that means is, after 28 years, we are tracking three generations, including grandmothers and grandfathers. 也就是說 28 年後 我們會追到三代的海豚 包含牠們的祖父祖母
tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
Now, dolphins are natural acousticians. 海豚是天生的聲學家
They make sounds 10 times as high and hear sounds 10 times as high as we do. 牠們能發出並接收 高出人類十倍的聲音
But they have other communication signals they use. 但海豚還有其他的溝通訊號
They have good vision , so they use body postures to communicate. 牠們的視力非常良好因此能用肢體語言來對話
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; postures:n.姿势,态度; v.作…姿势(posture的三单形式);
They have taste, not smell. 牠們有味覺,但沒有嗅覺
And they have touch. 牠們還有觸覺
And sound can actually be felt in the water, because the acoustic impedance of tissue and water's about the same. 牠們在水裡能接收聲音 因為海豚身上的聲阻組織和水是一樣的
acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的;n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器; impedance:n.[电]阻抗; tissue:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织;
So dolphins can buzz and tickle each other at a distance . 所以在很遠的地方就能發出聲響傳給對方
buzz:n.嗡嗡声; v.发出嗡嗡声; tickle:v.(使)发痒;逗乐;使高兴;使满足;n.痒;胳肢;呵痒;痒感; at a distance:在远处;有相当距离;
Now, we do know some things about how sounds are used with certain behaviors. 我們發現聲音 和某些行為有關
Now, the signature whistle is a whistle that's specific to an individual dolphin, and it's like a name. (Dolphin whistling noises) 主哨聲是一種海豚的獨特哨聲 海豚都有各自的聲音就像每個人有自己的名字一樣
signature:n.署名;签名;信号; whistle:n.哨子;口哨;汽笛;汽笛声;v.吹口哨;吹哨子;打呼哨;鸣叫; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; whistling:n.口哨声;笛音;v.吹口哨;打呼哨;吹哨子;(whistle的现在分词)
And this is the best-studied sound, because it's easy to measure, really, and you'd find this whistle when mothers and calves are reuniting , for example. 這是最容易研究的聲音 因為特別容易測量 像在媽媽和寶寶相聚的時候 就會聽到這種聲音
calves:n.小牛; v.生小牛; reuniting:v.(使)重逢;(使)再结合;(reunite的现在分词)
Another well studied sound are echolocation clicks. 另一種較容易研究的是牠們進行回聲定位的聲音
echolocation:n.回波定位;回声测距;回声定位能力(鲸和蝙蝠等所具备得一种机能);
This is the dolphin's sonar . (Dolphin echolocation noises) 這是海豚聲納（海豚進行回聲定位的聲音）
sonar:n.声纳;声波定位仪(等于asdic);
And they use these clicks to hunt and feed. 牠們用回聲定位來狩獵和餵食
But they can also tightly pack these clicks together into buzzes and use them socially. 也能把這些聲音聚集在一起 用於社交
tightly:adv.紧紧地;坚固地; buzzes:vt.使嗡嗡叫;暗中散布;vi.作嗡嗡声;东奔西忙;n.嗡嗡声;
For example, males will stimulate a female during a courtship chase. 舉個例子,公海豚在交配季節 會利用這些聲音訊號來追求母海豚
stimulate:v.刺激;激发;促进;激励; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; courtship:n.求爱;求婚;求爱期;
You know, I've been buzzed in the water. 大家知道我已經在海裡發出訊號許久
buzzed:v.发出嗡嗡声;发出蜂鸣声;充满兴奋(或活动等);(buzz的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑聲）
Don't tell anyone. It's a secret. 這是秘密,不要跟別人說
And you can really feel the sound. That was my point with that. 我是說,真的會被那些聲音電到
(Laughter) （笑聲）
So dolphins are also political animals, so they have to resolve conflicts . 海豚是很政治化的動物 所以牠們必須解決衝突
resolve:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
(Dolphin noises) （海豚聲）
And they use these burst-pulsed sounds as well as their head-to-head behaviors when they're fighting. 牠們用急促脈衝聲 和頭對頭的動作來打架
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; head-to-head:交头接耳地;
And these are very unstudied sounds because they're hard to measure. 這是還沒研究的聲音 因為實在是太難測量了
unstudied:adj.不故意做作的;自然的;优雅的;
Now this is some video of a typical dolphin fight. 這是很經典的海豚打架影片
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
(Dolphin noises) （海豚聲）
So you're going to see two groups, and you're going to see the head-to-head posturing , some open mouths, lots of squawking . 你會看到兩組海豚 牠們頭碰頭的姿勢 有的會張開嘴巴 發出嘈雜的聲音
posturing:n.做作的举止;虚伪表现;v.故作姿态;装样子;(posture的现在分词) squawking:vi.抗议; n.抗议; vt.粗声叫出;
There's a bubble . 還有泡泡
bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);
And basically , one of these groups will kind of back off and everything will resolve fine, and it doesn't really escalate into violence too much. 基本上,其中一組會稍作退縮 然後大家就會和好如初 這並不會演變成暴力事件
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; escalate:vi.逐步增强;逐步升高;vt.使逐步上升; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
Now, in the Bahamas, we also have resident bottlenose that interact socially with the spotted dolphins. 巴哈馬還住著寬吻海豚 和斑海豚相互幫忙
resident:adj.居住的;住院医师;定居的;n.居民; bottlenose:n.宽吻海豚; interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
For example, they babysit each other's calves. 舉個例子 寬吻海豚會幫忙照顧斑海豚的寶寶
babysit:vi.(临时代人)照看婴孩;
The males have dominance displays that they use when they're chasing each other's females. 公海豚還會展現最好的一面 來追求另一種的母海豚
dominance:n.优势;统治;支配; displays:v.陈列; n.陈列;
And the two species actually form temporary alliances when they're chasing sharks away. 而兩種海豚會暫時結盟 作戰趕跑鯊魚
temporary:adj.暂时的,临时的;n.临时工,临时雇员; alliances:n.联盟,同盟;盟国(alliance的复数形式);联姻;
And one of the mechanisms they use to communicate their coordination is synchrony . 牠們用來溝通的其中一種機制 是同步
mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学; coordination:n.协调,调和;对等,同等; synchrony:n.同步;
They synchronize their sounds and their body postures to look bigger and sound stronger. 牠們將聲音和動作調整一致 這樣看起來聽起來都更強大
synchronize:vt.使…合拍;使…同步;vi.同步;同时发生;
(Dolphins noises) （海豚聲）
Now, these are bottlenose dolphins, and you'll see them starting to synchronize their behavior and their sounds. 這是寬吻海豚 你可以看到海豚正在 使動作和聲音同步
(Dolphin noises) （海豚聲）
You see, they're synchronizing with their partner as well as the other dyad . 你看,牠們正在和夥伴及其他成對的海豚 同步發聲
synchronizing:adj.同步的;v.同步,整步(synchronize的ing形式); dyad:n.双;[生物]二分体;一对;[化学]二价元素;adj.二的;双的;
I wish I was that coordinated . 真希望我也能跟牠們一樣協調
coordinated:v.使协调;使相配合;搭配,协调;(coordinate的过去分词和过去式)
Now, it's important to remember that you're only hearing the human-audible parts of dolphin sounds, and dolphins make ultrasonic sounds, and we use special equipment in the water to collect these sounds. 你要記得 你聽到的只是 人類能聽到的海豚聲 牠們會發出超聲波 我們在水裡用特殊機器 來蒐集這些聲音
ultrasonic:adj.[声]超声的;超音速的;n.超声波;
Now, researchers have actually measured whistle complexity using information theory , and whistles rate very high relative to even human languages. 科學家已經測出了複雜的哨音 靠的是資訊理論 發現哨音和人類語言有相當高的關聯性
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式) complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势 information theory:n.信息论; whistles:n.哨子; v.吹口哨; (whistle的第三人称单数和复数) relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物;
But burst-pulsed sounds is a bit of a mystery. 但是急促脈衝聲更加神秘些
Now, these are three spectragrams. 這裡有三張頻譜圖
Two are human words, and one is a dolphin vocalizing . 其中兩個紀錄人類說話另一個紀錄海豚的聲音
vocalizing:vi.发声;喊叫;vt.使发成元音;使发声;
So just take a guess in your mind which one is the dolphin. 你們猜猜看哪一個是海豚的
Now, it turns out burst-pulsed sounds actually look a bit like human phonemes. 結果證明急促脈衝聲和人類音位 真的有幾分相似
Now, one way to crack the code is to interpret these signals and figure out what they mean, but it's a difficult job, and we actually don't have a Rosetta Stone yet. 解碼的方法呢 就是找出這些訊息代表的意思 但這十分艱難而且我們也還沒找到解鎖的那把金鑰
interpret:v.诠释;说明;口译;把…理解为; Rosetta Stone:n.有助于解释神秘事物(或未知领域)的事物;有启示作用的发现;
But a second way to crack the code is to develop some technology , an interface to do two-way communication, and that's what we've been trying to do in the Bahamas and in real time . 但我們還有第二種方法來解鎖 就是發明新的技術 做出可以雙向溝通的平台 這就是我們在巴哈馬一直在嘗試的方式 而且是個即時系統
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接; two-way:adj.双向的;相互的;两路的; real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的;
Now, scientists have used keyboard interfaces to try to bridge the gap with species including chimpanzees and dolphins. 科學家已經開始用鍵盤式的系統 把物種間的溝通串連起來 包含猩猩和海豚
interfaces:n.分界面; v.把界面缝合; (interface的复数) gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; chimpanzees:n.[脊椎]黑猩猩(chimpanzee的复数);
This underwater keyboard in Orlando, Florida, at the Epcot Center, was actually the most sophisticated ever two-way interface designed for humans and dolphins to work together under the water and exchange information. 這個在水底下的按鍵板位於艾波卡特的中心 在佛羅里達的奧蘭多 是目前為止最精密的雙向設計 讓海豚和人類能在水下一起進行研究 並交換資訊
sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的; exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换;
So we wanted to develop an interface like this in the Bahamas, but in a more natural setting. 我們想在巴哈馬發展的就是這樣的系統 但是是用更自然的方法
And one of the reasons we thought we could do this is because the dolphins were starting to show us a lot of mutual curiosity . 我們自認能完成這件事的原因之一就是 那些海豚和我們一樣 對人類有相同的好奇心
mutual:adj.共同的;相互的,彼此的; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩;
They were spontaneously mimicking our vocalizations and our postures, and they were also inviting us into dolphin games. 牠們先是模仿我們的聲音 再來是我們的動作 甚至會希望我們 和牠們一起遊戲
spontaneously:adv.自发地;自然地;不由自主地; mimicking:v.模仿人的言行举止;做滑稽模仿;像,似;(mimic的现在分词) vocalizations:n.发声,发音;发声法;
Now, dolphins are social mammals , so they love to play, and one of their favorite games is to drag seaweed , or sargassum in this case, around. 海豚是喜歡遊戲的社會性哺乳動物 牠們的遊戲像把海草四處拖行 或是這裡所看到的 馬尾藻
mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数) drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石; seaweed:n.海藻,海草;
And they're very adept . They like to drag it and drop it from appendage to appendage. 牠們動作熟練 喜歡拿起來丟左丟右
adept:adj.熟练的;擅长…的;n.内行;能手; appendage:n.附加物;下属;[动][解剖]附器(如植物的枝叶和动物的腿尾);
Now in this footage , the adult is Caroh. 影片裡的成年海豚叫卡蘿
footage:n.英尺长度;连续镜头;以尺计算长度;
She's 25 years old here, and this is her newborn , Cobalt , and he's just learning how to play this game. 這時候她只有 25 歲另一個是她的寶寶柯柏特 牠正在學著玩遊戲
newborn:adj.新生的;再生的;n.婴儿; Cobalt:n.[化学]钴;钴类颜料;由钴制的深蓝色;
(Dolphin noises) （海豚聲）
She's kind of teasing him and taunting him. 比較像是卡蘿在戲弄牠
teasing:adj.开玩笑的;n.取笑;挑逗;v.取笑;戏弄;招惹;(tease的现在分词) taunting:v.辱骂;嘲笑;讽刺;奚落;(taunt的现在分词)
He really wants that sargassum. 牠真的很想拿到馬尾藻
Now, when dolphins solicit humans for this game, they'll often sink vertically in the water, and they'll have a little sargassum on their flipper , and they'll sort of nudge it and drop it sometimes on the bottom and let us go get it, and then we'll have a little seaweed keep away game. 當海豚希望我們加入遊戲時 牠們通常會垂直潛入水裡 把馬尾藻拿在鰭上 然後牠們會輕推馬尾藻 有時候用拋的 讓我們去拿 然後我們就會開始玩丟海草遊戲
solicit:vt.征求;招揽;请求;乞求;vi.征求;招揽;恳求;请求; vertically:adv.垂直地; flipper:n.鳍状肢;鳍;烤饼;胖听罐头;vi.靠鳍足(或鸭甲板)行动;adj.无礼的; nudge:n.推动; vt.推进; vi.轻推;
But when we don't dive down and get it, they'll bring it to the surface and they'll sort of wave it in front of us on their tail and drop it for us like they do their calves, and then we'll pick it up and have a game. 但假如我們不潛下去拿 牠們會拿到水面上來 用尾巴在我們前面晃來晃去 然後丟在我們前面,就像教寶寶一樣 然後他們會撿起來,開始玩遊戲
dive:n.潜水;跳水;俯冲;猛冲;v.猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;[体]跳水(运动);
And so we started thinking, well, wouldn't it be neat to build some technology that would allow the dolphins to request these things in real time, their favorite toys? 我們想,是不是能用科技 讓海豚可以即時和我們要 牠們最喜歡的玩具？
neat:adj.整洁的;整齐的;有序的;有条理的;
So the original vision was to have a keyboard hanging from the boat attached to a computer, and the divers and dolphins would activate the keys on the keypad and happily exchange information and request toys from each other. 最原始的版本是一個掛在船下 連結著電腦的按鍵板 潛水員和海豚能用那塊板子 開心的互動、交換資訊 或要求對方一起玩
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式) divers:adj.不同种类的,各式各样的; activate:vt.刺激;使活动;使活泼;使产生放射性;vi.激活;有活力; keypad:n.按键;小型键盘;
But we quickly found out that dolphins simply were not going to hang around the boat using a keyboard. 但我們很快的發現到海豚 並不喜歡繞在船邊使用按鍵板
hang around:闲荡;徘徊;
They've got better things to do in the wild. 他們在野外有更多好玩的事可做
They might do it in captivity , but in the wild -- 在牢裡可能很有趣,但在野外......
captivity:n.囚禁;被关;
So we built a portable keyboard that we could push through the water, and we labeled four objects they like to play with, the scarf, rope, sargassum, and also had a bow ride, which is a fun activity for a dolphin. (Whistle) 因此我們做了個可放進水裡的移動式按鍵板 然後找了四種牠們特別喜歡玩的東西── 圍巾、繩子、馬尾藻和船首乘浪 對海豚來說是個很有趣的活動（哨音）
portable:adj.便携式的;手提的;轻便的;n.便携机;(尤指)手提电脑; push through:完成;挤著穿过; labeled:adj.有标签的; v.示踪; (label的过去分词和过去式)
And that's the scarf whistle, which is also associated with a visual symbol . 那是圍巾的哨音 同時也連結了一個視覺符號
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的; symbol:n.象征;符号;标志;
And these are artificially created whistles. 這些都是人造的哨音
artificially:adv.人工地;人为地;不自然地;
They're outside the dolphin's normal repertoire , but they're easily mimicked by the dolphins. 和海豚平常的聲音完全不同 但牠們很容易就能模仿
repertoire:n.全部节目;计算机指令系统;(美)某人或机器的全部技能; mimicked:v.模仿(活象);
And I spent four years with my colleagues Adam Pack and Fabienne Delfour, working out in the field with this keyboard using it with each other to do requests for toys while the dolphins were watching. 我和同事 Adam Pack 及 Fabienne Delfour 花了四年時間 研究這個按鍵板 用它來向對方要玩具 而海豚則在一旁看著
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
And the dolphins could get in on the game. 海豚能夠學會這個遊戲
They could point at the visual object, or they could mimic the whistle. 牠們能找出正確的按鈕 或是能模仿出聲音
Now this is video of a session . 這是某次的影片
session:n.会议;(法庭的)开庭;(议会等的)开会;学期;讲习会;
The diver here has a rope toy, and I'm on the keyboard on the left, and I've just played the rope key, and that's the request for the toy from the human. 潛水員有玩具繩子 而我在按鍵板的左邊 我正在按繩子的按鍵 這可以向人類要玩具繩
So I've got the rope, I'm diving down, and I'm basically trying to get the dolphin's attention, because they're kind of like little kids. 然後我拿到繩子,潛下去 基本上我在想辦法吸引海豚的注意力 因為牠們就像小小孩一樣
diving:n.潜水;跳水;跳水运动;v.下潜;跳水;潜水;(dive的现在分词)
You have to keep their attention. 你必須讓牠們專心
I'm going to drop the rope, see if they come over. 我試著把繩子丟下 看看牠們會不會跑過來
Here they come, and then they're going to pick up the rope and drag it around as a toy. 看,牠們來了 牠們把繩子撿起來 當成玩具拖來拖去
Now, I'm at the keyboard on the left, and this is actually the first time that we tried this. 現在我在按鍵板的旁邊 其實這是我們第一次嘗試
I'm going to try to request this toy, the rope toy, from the dolphins using the rope sound. 我發出繩子的聲音 想跟海豚要玩具繩子
Let's see if they might actually understand what that means. 來看看牠們有沒有聽懂
(Whistle) （哨音）
That's the rope whistle. 那是繩子的哨音
Up come the dolphins, and drop off the rope, yay. Wow. 海豚來了 牠們把繩子丟下來,耶！看到沒！
(Applause) （掌聲）
So this is only once. 這只是一次
We don't know for sure if they really understand the function of the whistles. 我們不清楚牠們是否真的理解哨音的用處
Okay, so here's a second toy in the water. 這次是第二個玩具
This is a scarf toy, and I'm trying to lead the dolphin over to the keyboard to show her the visual and the acoustic signal. 一個玩具圍巾 我試著帶海豚來按鍵板旁邊 讓我示範符號和聲音
Now this dolphin, we call her "the scarf thief," 我們叫這隻海豚圍巾賊
because over the years she's absconded with about 12 scarves . 因為牠總共偷走了 12 條圍巾
absconded:vi.逃匿,潜逃;避债; scarves:围巾,领带(scarf的复数)
In fact, we think she has a boutique somewhere in the Bahamas. 其實我們覺得牠可能在巴哈馬開了家服飾店
boutique:n.精品店;专卖流行衣服的小商店;adj.精品屋的;小规模专售精品的;
So I'm reaching over. She's got the scarf on her right side. 我游過去,牠把圍巾拿在右手邊
And we try to not touch the animals too much, we really don't want to over-habituate them. 我們盡量不要碰到牠們 不想變成過度馴化
And I'm trying to lead her back to the keyboard. 我試著要帶牠去按鍵板
And the diver there is going to activate the scarf sound to request the scarf. 旁邊的潛水員要發出圍巾的聲音 來跟海豚要圍巾
So I try to give her the scarf. 我要把圍巾給牠
Whoop . Almost lost it. 噢！差點掉了
Whoop:n.大叫;哮喘声;呐喊;一点点;vt.高声说;唤起;vi.叫喊;喘息;
But this is the moment where everything becomes possible. 但從此刻開始什麼事情都可能會發生
The dolphin's at the keyboard. 海豚就在按鍵板旁
You've got full attention. 你引起牠們的注意
And this sometimes went on for hours. 有時候這得持續好幾個鐘頭
And I wanted to share this video with you not to show you any big breakthroughs , because they haven't happened yet, but to show you the level of intention and focus that these dolphins have, and interest in the system. 我想跟你們分享這段影片 並不是有任何重大發現 因為還沒發生什麼大事 只是要分享海豚的表達力和專注力 及牠們的好奇心
breakthroughs:突破; intention:n.意图;目的;意向;愈合;
And because of this, we really decided we needed some more sophisticated technology. 也因為如此,我們認為 我們需要更精良的技術
So we joined forces with Georgia Tech, with Thad Starner's wearable computing group, to build us an underwater wearable computer that we're calling CHAT. [CHAT: Cetacean Hearing And Telemetry] 因此我們與喬治亞理工學院 以及薩德．斯塔那 (Thad Starner) 所帶領的可配戴式電腦團隊合作 要做出能防水的可配戴電腦 我們稱之為 CHAT 計畫（CHAT:鯨豚聽力遙測）
wearable:adj.可穿用的,可佩带的;耐用的;n.衣服; computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词) Cetacean:adj.鲸类的;鲸鱼的;n.鲸鱼;鲸类动物;
Now, instead of pushing a keyboard through the water, the diver's wearing the complete system, and it's acoustic only, so basically the diver activates the sounds on a keypad on the forearm , the sounds go out through an underwater speaker, if a dolphin mimics the whistle or a human plays the whistle, the sounds come in and are localized by two hydrophones . 捨棄把按鍵板帶到水裡的方法 潛水員要穿著只有聲音功能的整套系統 基本上,他們要用手臂上的數字鍵盤 來控制聲音 聲音從水下發聲器送出 如果海豚模仿這哨音 或者是人類發出哨音 會被收進兩個水下聽音器
activates:v.[电子][物]激活;活化(activate的三单形式); forearm:n.前臂;v.预先武装;准备; mimics:v.模仿; n.会模仿的人(或动物); (mimic的第三人称单数和复数) localized:adj.局部的;地区的;小范围的;v.定位(localize的过去分词); hydrophones:n.水诊器;检漏器;水中听音器;
The computer can localize who requested the toy if there's a word match. 電腦能分辨出是誰在要玩具 前提是有符合的項目
And the real power of the system is in the real-time sound recognition , so we can respond to the dolphins quickly and accurately . 系統的目的是即時辨識聲音 讓我們能正確而快速的 回應海豚
real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; accurately:adv.精确地,准确地;
And we're at prototype stage, but this is how we hope it will play out. 這還在原型階段但這是我們所期待的未來
prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态;
So Diver A and Diver B both have a wearable computer and the dolphin hears the whistle as a whistle, the diver hears the whistle as a whistle in the water, but also as a word through bone conduction . 潛水員 A 和 B 都戴著設備 海豚能聽到哨音 潛水員也聽得到哨音 但同樣是透過骨傳導來傳遞
conduction:n.[生理]传导;
So Diver A plays the scarf whistle or Diver B plays the sargassum whistle to request a toy from whoever has it. 潛水員 A 發出圍巾的哨音 或潛水員 B 發出馬尾藻的哨音 來向拿著玩具的海豚索取
whoever:任何人:无论是谁:
What we hope will happen is that the dolphin mimics the whistle, and if Diver A has the sargassum, if that's the sound that was played and requested, then the diver will give the sargassum to the requesting dolphin and they'll swim away happily into the sunset playing sargassum for forever. 我們希望海豚能模仿這個哨音 假如潛水員 A 有馬尾藻 而且海豚也發出了馬尾藻的哨音 潛水員就會把馬尾藻給要求的海豚 牠就會開心的邊玩馬尾藻 邊游向日落
sunset:adj.霞红色的; n.日落(时分); v.(使)定期届满废止;
Now, how far can this kind of communication go? 這樣的溝通方式能夠多深入呢？
Well, CHAT is designed specifically to empower the dolphins to request things from us. 其實 CHAT 只是開發來讓海豚 和人類互動
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够;
It's designed to really be two-way. 這個設計是雙向的
Now, will they learn to mimic the whistles functionally ? 牠們會學著模仿有功能的哨音嗎？
functionally:adv.功能地;函数地;职务上地;
We hope so and we think so. 我們希望如此 也堅信如此
But as we decode their natural sounds, we're also planning to put those back into the computerized system. 但當我們研究出自然的海豚聲音 我們也會把這些聲音放進電腦系統裡
decode:vt.[计][通信]译码,解码;vi.从事破译工作; computerized:adj.电脑的; v.用电子计算机控制(computerize的过去分词);
For example, right now we can put their own signature whistles in the computer and request to interact with a specific dolphin. 好比說,我們可以把每隻海豚獨特的主哨聲放進電腦 就能和特定的海豚互動
Likewise , we can create our own whistles, our own whistle names, and let the dolphins request specific divers to interact with. 同樣地,我們也能創造出我們的主哨聲 我們的哨名 讓海豚能和特定潛水員互動
Likewise:adv.同样地;也;
Now it may be that all our mobile technology will actually be the same technology that helps us communicate with another species down the road . 無線科技 或許真的能幫助我們 在未來能和別的生物溝通對話
mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; down the road:只要沿着这条路;将来;在路上;
In the case of a dolphin, you know, it's a species that, well, they're probably close to our intelligence in many ways and we might not be able to admit that right now, but they live in quite a different environment, and you still have to bridge the gap with the sensory systems. 以海豚這個例子來說 牠們大概是在各方面和我們最接近的物種 雖然目前無法認定 但牠們生活在一個截然不同的環境 而我們還需要把兩邊的感官接軌
sensory:adj.感觉的;知觉的;传递感觉的;
I mean, imagine what it would be like to really understand the mind of another intelligent species on the planet. 想像一下 若我們真的可以理解地球上其他生物的想法 那會是什麼樣子
intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的
Thank you. 謝謝
(Applause) （掌聲）