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DelHarvey_2014-_推特的奇怪比例_
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| My job at Twitter is to ensure user trust, protect user rights and keep users safe, both from each other and, at times, from themselves. |
我在推特的工作 就是去确保用户的信赖, 保护用户之间的 以及他们自身的 权利和安全。 |
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ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
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| Let's talk about what scale looks like at Twitter. |
让我们讨论一下在推特,比例是什么样的。 |
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scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
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| Back in January 2009, we saw more than two million new tweets each day on the platform . |
在2009年1月, 每天,在推特上我们可以看见 超过两百万条推特更新。 |
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tweets:n.啾啾声,小鸟叫声(tweet的复数形式);v.鸣叫(tweet的三单形式); platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
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| January 2014, more than 500 million. |
2014年1月有超过五亿条。 |
| We were seeing two million tweets in less than six minutes. |
我们那时在六分钟之内 就可以看见两百万条。 |
| That's a 24,900-percent increase. |
那是一个24,900％的增长。 |
| Now, the vast majority of activity on Twitter puts no one in harm's way. |
现在,推特上绝大多数的活动 都没有伤害到任何人。 |
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majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
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| There's no risk involved . |
不涉及任何风险。 |
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involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
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| My job is to root out and prevent activity that might. |
我的工作就是铲除并防止这类事情的发生。 |
| Sounds straightforward , right? |
听起来简单明了,对吧？ |
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straightforward:adj.简单的;坦率的;明确的;径直的;adv.直截了当地;坦率地;
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| You might even think it'd be easy, given that I just said the vast majority of activity on Twitter puts no one in harm's way. |
你可能认为这件事很容易, 因为我刚说过绝大多数 在推特上的行为都是无害的。 |
| Why spend so much time searching for potential calamities in innocuous activities? |
为什么花这么多时间 在无害的行为中 搜寻潜在的危机呢？ |
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potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; calamities:灾害; innocuous:adj.无害的;无伤大雅的;
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| Given the scale that Twitter is at, a one-in-a-million chance happens 500 times a day. |
考虑推特的规模, 百万分之一几率的可能, 一天会发生五百次。 |
| It's the same for other companies dealing at this sort of scale. |
对于其它公司来说, 他们面临的这个比例是一样的。 |
| For us, edge cases, those rare situations that are unlikely to occur , are more like norms . |
对于我们,边缘案例 那些不常有,也不大可能发生的情况 更像是家常便饭。 |
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unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的; occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在; norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式);
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| Say 99.999 percent of tweets pose no risk to anyone. |
假设99.999%的推特 对任何人无害。 |
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pose:v.引起; n.装腔作势; (为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势;
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| There's no threat involved. |
不涉及任何威胁。 |
| Maybe people are documenting travel landmarks like Australia's Heart Reef , or tweeting about a concert they're attending, or sharing pictures of cute baby animals. |
人们可能在记录旅游胜地, 比如澳大利亚心型礁, 或者推文他们正在参加的演唱会, 或者分享可爱动物的图片。 |
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landmarks:n.地标,[航]陆标;标志(landmark复数形式); Reef:礁,礁脉 tweeting:吱吱地叫(小鸟鸣叫);在社交网站Twitter上发微博(tweet的现在分词);
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| After you take out that 99.999 percent, that tiny percentage of tweets remaining works out to roughly 150,000 per month. |
在你剔除那99.999%之后, 剩下的那丁点推文 被计算出 每月约有15万条。 |
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percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成; roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地;
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| The sheer scale of what we're dealing with makes for a challenge. |
我们所应付的这个庞大规模 是一个挑战。 |
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sheer:adj.纯; v.十足地; n.透明薄纱; v.[航海](使)偏航; (使)转向;
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| You know what else makes my role particularly challenging? |
你知道还有什么让我的职位 特别具有挑战性？ |
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particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
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| People do weird things. |
人们做奇怪的事情。 |
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weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And I have to figure out what they're doing, why, and whether or not there's risk involved, often without much in terms of context or background. |
我必须弄明白他们在做什么, 为什么,以及涉及危险与否, 而这通常是在我没有掌握 来龙去脉的情况下。 |
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whether or not:是否…; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
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| I'm going to show you some examples that I've run into during my time at Twitter -- these are all real examples — of situations that at first seemed cut and dried , but the truth of the matter was something altogether different. |
我将要展示给你们几个例子, 是我在推特工作中遇到的--- 这些都是真实的例子- 这些情况乍看似乎直接了当, 但事情的真相 是截然不同的。 |
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cut and dried:固定的;已成定局的;老生常谈;
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| The details have been changed to protect the innocent and sometimes the guilty . |
例子的细节有所改动 是为了去保护那些无辜者 |
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innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋; guilty:adj.有罪的;内疚的;
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| We'll start off easy. |
让我们从简单的开始。 |
| ["Yo bitch "] |
【“呦,bitch”】（bitch有母狗,婊子,娘们等意思） |
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bitch:n.泼妇;讨厌的女人;棘手的事;难办的事;怨言;v.挖苦;(背后)说坏话
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| If you saw a Tweet that only said this, you might think to yourself, "That looks like abuse ." |
如果你看到一条推文只有这一句话, 你可能认为 ”那看起来像是在谩骂。“ |
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abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂;
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| After all, why would you want to receive the message, "Yo, bitch." |
毕竟,你为什么会想收到这条信息呢, “呦,婊子。” |
| Now, I try to stay relatively hip to the latest trends and memes , so I knew that "yo, bitch" |
现在,我试图与流行用语的 最新的释义保持同步, 所以我知道“呦,婊子” |
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relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地; hip:n.臀部;蔷薇果;忧郁;adj.熟悉内情的;非常时尚的; trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) memes:模因(meme的复数);
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| was also often a common greeting between friends, as well as being a popular "Breaking Bad" reference . |
有时候也是朋友之间常见的问候方式, 同时也是美剧《绝命毒师》中一个流行说法。 |
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as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; reference:n.参考,提及;参考书目;证明书;v.引用;
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| I will admit that I did not expect to encounter a fourth use case. |
我要承认,我没有想到 我会遇到这个词的第四种用法。 |
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encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见;
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| It turns out it is also used on Twitter when people are role-playing as dogs. |
在推特上 人们角色扮演狗的时候,也用这个词。 |
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role-playing:n.角色扮演,角色模仿;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And in fact, in that case, it's not only not abusive , it's technically just an accurate greeting. |
所以,在那种情况下, 这不仅不是谩骂, 严格的来说,那就是一个准确的问候。 |
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abusive:adj.辱骂的;滥用的;虐待的; accurate:adj.精确的;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| So okay, determining whether or not something is abusive without context, definitely hard. |
所以判断一些没有来龙去脉的东西 是否出于恶意 确实困难。 |
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determining:v.查明;测定;准确算出;决定;支配;裁决;(determine的现在分词) definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
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| Let's look at spam . |
让我们来看一下垃圾邮件。 |
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spam:n.垃圾邮件;罐头猪肉;
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| Here's an example of an account engaged in classic spammer behavior, sending the exact same message to thousands of people. |
这是一个参与传播 常见垃圾邮件的账户, 它向数以千计的人 发送相同的信息。 |
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engaged in:从事于;忙于; classic:n.名著;优秀的典范;adj.最优秀的;第一流的;有代表性的;典型的;
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| While this is a mockup I put together using my account, we see accounts doing this all the time. |
虽然这是我用我的账号模仿的, 但我们总可以看到有账户在传播这样的垃圾信息。 |
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mockup:n.实物模型;假雷达;adj.模型的; put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
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| Seems pretty straightforward. |
看起来非常直白简单。 |
| We should just automatically suspend accounts engaging in this kind of behavior. |
我们应该就自动暂停 参与这种行为的账号。 |
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automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的; suspend:v.暂停;悬浮;中止;挂; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
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| Turns out there's some exceptions to that rule. |
但结果中总有些例外情况。 |
| Turns out that that message could also be a notification you signed up for that the International Space Station is passing overhead because you wanted to go outside and see if you could see it. |
那些信息也可能是公告提醒, 比如你想目睹国际空间站略过你上空的情形 而登记了这个信息。 希望可以收到提醒,尝试目睹它。 |
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notification:n.通知;通告;告示; Space Station:n.太空站;航天站;宇宙空间站; overhead:n.开销;经常费用;经常开支;adj.头上方的;地面以上的;adv.在头上方;在空中
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| You're not going to get that chance if we mistakenly suspend the account thinking it's spam. |
如果我们错误地认为这是垃圾信息, 并封了那个账号, 你将失去目睹国际空间站略过上空的机会。 |
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mistakenly:adv.错误地;曲解地,被误解地;
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| Okay. Let's make the stakes higher. |
让我们把赌注加高一些。 |
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stakes:n.桩; v.以…打赌,拿…冒险;
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| Back to my account, again exhibiting classic behavior. |
再来看我的帐号, 还是展现常见的行为。 |
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exhibiting:v.展览;展出;表现,显示,显出;(exhibit的现在分词)
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| This time it's sending the same message and link. |
这一次是发同样的信息和链接。 |
| This is often indicative of something called phishing , somebody trying to steal another person's account information by directing them to another website. |
这通常意味着钓鱼式攻击,（注:一种网络诈骗的手段） 有人通过将一个人导向另一个网站 去盗取其账户信息。 |
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indicative:adj.象征的;指示的;表示…的;n.陈述语气;陈述语气的动词形式; phishing:n.网络钓鱼;网络欺诈(以虚假的身份和形象随机骗取个人帐号和密码等);
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| That's pretty clearly not a good thing. |
很明显那不是什么好事。 |
| We want to, and do, suspend accounts engaging in that kind of behavior. |
我们想,也确实封了 从事那种行为的账户。 |
| So why are the stakes higher for this? |
但为什么对这种行为的赌注更高呢？ |
| Well, this could also be a bystander at a rally who managed to record a video of a police officer beating a non-violent protester who's trying to let the world know what's happening. |
这也可能是一个身处集会中的旁观者 录下了一段关于 警察殴打一个无辜抗议者的视频 他想让全世界知道发生了什么。 |
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bystander:n.旁观者;看热闹的人; rally:v.团结;重整;恢复;(网球等)连续对打;n.集会;回复;公路赛车会; police officer:n.警官;警察;警务人员; non-violent:adj.非暴力的; protester:n.抗议者;反对者;持异议者;
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| We don't want to gamble on potentially silencing that crucial speech by classifying it as spam and suspending it. |
我们不想 在把那个关键演说通过分类为垃圾并暂停账号而可能导致的后果 上做冒险。 |
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gamble:vi.赌博; vt.赌博; n.赌博; potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; classifying:v.将…分类;将…归类;划分;界定;(classify的现在分词) suspending:v.悬;挂;吊;暂停;中止;(suspend的现在分词)
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| That means we evaluate hundreds of parameters when looking at account behaviors, and even then, we can still get it wrong and have to reevaluate . |
那也就意味着,当我们观察账户行为的时候 我们评估成百上千的因素 即使这样,我们仍然会犯错, 并需要重新评价。 |
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parameters:n.决定因素;规范;范围;(parameter的复数) reevaluate:vt.再评估;重新估计;vi.再评估;重新估计;
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| Now, given the sorts of challenges I'm up against, it's crucial that I not only predict but also design protections for the unexpected . |
在这些挑战面前 关键在于我不仅要预测 而且防御不可预测的事情。 |
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predict:v.预报;预言;预告; unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的;
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| And that's not just an issue for me, or for Twitter, it's an issue for you. |
那不单是我的问题, 或者推特的问题,这也是你们的问题。 |
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issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
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| It's an issue for anybody who's building or creating something that you think is going to be amazing and will let people do awesome things. |
对于任何在创建美好事物, 或者为他人造福的人来说 都是一个问题。 |
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awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
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| So what do I do? |
那么我能做些什么呢？ |
| I pause and I think, how could all of this go horribly wrong? |
我停下并思考, 这些事能如何 变得很糟糕的呢？ |
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horribly:adv.可怕地;让人吃惊
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| I visualize catastrophe . |
我想象灾难。 |
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visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现; catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败;
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| And that's hard. There's a sort of inherent cognitive dissonance in doing that, like when you're writing your wedding vows at the same time as your prenuptial agreement . |
但是那很难。好像有一种 与生俱来的认知失调在作怪, 就像你同时写结婚誓言 和婚前协议一样。 |
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inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; dissonance:n.不一致;不调和;不和谐音; vows:n.婚誓;誓约(vow的复数);v.发誓;郑重声明(vow的三单形式); at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; prenuptial agreement:婚前协议;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| But you still have to do it, particularly if you're marrying 500 million tweets per day. |
但你还是得去做, 特别是当你一天得处理5亿条推文时。 |
| What do I mean by "visualize catastrophe?" |
我说的“想象灾难”是什么意思呢？ |
| I try to think of how something as benign and innocuous as a picture of a cat could lead to death, and what to do to prevent that. |
我试想,像猫的照片一样 温和并无害的东西 能如何导致死亡, 并想办法去阻止其发生。 |
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benign:adj.良性的;和蔼的,亲切的;吉利的;
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| Which happens to be my next example. |
这也是我的下一个例子。 |
| This is my cat, Eli. |
这是我的猫,伊莱。 |
| We wanted to give users the ability to add photos to their tweets. |
我们想要给予用户 将图片加到他们推文的能力。 |
| A picture is worth a thousand words . |
一张图片胜过千言万语。 |
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A picture is worth a thousand words:一幅画胜过千言万语(百闻不如一见);
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| You only get 140 characters. |
（一次推文）你只能输入140个字。 |
| You add a photo to your tweet, look at how much more content you've got now. |
当你在推文里加一张图片时, 看看现在你发表的内容有多丰富。 |
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content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
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| There's all sorts of great things you can do by adding a photo to a tweet. |
通过在推文里添加图片, 你可以做各种各样神奇的事。 |
| My job isn't to think of those. |
我的工作不是去想那些事情, |
| It's to think of what could go wrong. |
而是去想会发生什么问题。 |
| How could this picture lead to my death? |
这张图片能如何 导致我的死亡呢？ |
| Well, here's one possibility. |
有一个可能性。 |
| There's more in that picture than just a cat. |
除了一只猫以外,这个图片里还有其它信息。 |
| There's geodata . |
那里有地理信息。 |
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geodata:n.地震记录转换装置;
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| When you take a picture with your smartphone or digital camera, there's a lot of additional information saved along in that image. |
当你用你的智能手机或数码相机 照一张照片时, 很多额外的信息 也会随着照片保留下来。 |
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smartphone:n.智能手机; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; additional:adj.附加的,额外的;
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| In fact, this image also contains the equivalent of this, more specifically , this. |
事实上,这张照图片还 指明了这个, 更加具体些,是这个。 |
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equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; specifically:adv.特别地;明确地;
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| Sure, it's not likely that someone's going to try to track me down and do me harm based upon image data associated with a picture I took of my cat, but I start by assuming the worst will happen. |
没错,不大可能有人准备 根据我的猫的照片中数据 追踪我 并伤害我, 但是我开始假设最坏的事情会发生。 |
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track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) assuming:conj.假设…为真; adj.傲慢的; v.假定; (assume的现在分词)
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| That's why, when we launched photos on Twitter, we made the decision to strip that geodata out. |
这也是为什么当我们推出加载图片功能的时候, 我们决定消除那些地理数据。 |
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launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) strip:n.带; v.夺; adj.脱衣舞的;
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| If I start by assuming the worst and work backwards, |
如果我从假设最坏的事开始, 并反向推理, |
| I can make sure that the protections we build work for both expected and unexpected use cases. |
我可以确保我们所设置的保护 对于可预知与 不可预知的事件同时有效。 |
| Given that I spend my days and nights imagining the worst that could happen, it wouldn't be surprising if my worldview was gloomy . |
假设我日夜 想象可能发生的最坏的事情, 我的世界观有些阴郁并不令人惊奇。 |
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worldview:n.世界观; gloomy:adj.黑暗的;沮丧的;阴郁的;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| It's not. |
但这并不是事实。 |
| The vast majority of interactions I see -- and I see a lot, believe me -- are positive , people reaching out to help or to connect or share information with each other. |
我看到的绝大多数的（推特）互动 是积极的,相信我,我看过很多, 人们伸出援助之手, 或者相互连接或分享信息。 |
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interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
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| It's just that for those of us dealing with scale, for those of us tasked with keeping people safe, we have to assume the worst will happen, because for us, a one-in-a-million chance is pretty good odds . |
因为我们要应付安全风险, 我们承担着保证大众安全的责任, 我们必须假设最坏的事情会发生, 因为对于我们来说百万分之一的几率 是一个非常大的可能性。 |
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assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; odds:n.几率;胜算;不平等;差别;
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| Thank you. |
谢谢 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |