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DeepaNarayan_2019I-_七种堵女人嘴的信念与忘记之道_-

Shah Rukh Khan : "A girl should be seen, not heard." 沙鲁克·汗(沙):「女孩 应该被看到,不被听到。」
Khan:n.可汗(对最高统治者的尊称);商队客店;
'"Be quiet," or, "chup." 「保持安静」或「闭嘴」。
These words are often used to silence girls right from childhood , well into adulthood and deep into old age. 从童年开始,这些话 常被用来使女孩静默无声, 一直持续到成年 甚至老年。
childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期 adulthood:n.成年;成人期;
I'm proud to introduce our next speaker, a true champion of the female voice, an advisor on poverty , gender and development for the World Bank , 我很榮幸介绍下一位讲者, 真正拥护女性的发言权, 担任世界银行、联合国、 印度和世界各地多个 联合国与非政府组织的
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; gender:n.性别; World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构);
United Nations and several NGOs in India and the world over. 贫困、性别与发展的顾问。
United Nations:n.联合国;
She calls herself a cultural detective . 她自称是文化侦探。
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; detective:n.侦探;警探;私人侦探;adj.侦查(用)的
Let's raise our voices to welcome renowned social scientist and author 让我们热烈欢迎 着名的社会科学家和作家
renowned:adj.著名的;闻名的;有名的;受尊敬的 social scientist:n.社会科学家;
Deepa Narayan. 迪帕·纳拉扬(迪)。
(Music) (音乐)
(Applause) (掌声)
Deepa Narayan: The goal of every loving parent is to raise good girls, but what parents actually do is to constrain , confine and crush their girls. 迪:每个慈爱父母的目标 都是把女儿养育好。 但是父母做的,实际上 约束、限制和迫害他们的女儿。
constrain:v.约束;限制;强迫;强制; confine:v.限制;限定;监禁;禁闭;n.范围;界限;边界;限度; crush:v.压碎;弄皱,变形;使…挤入;n.粉碎;迷恋;压榨;拥挤的人群;
So as they crush their girls, they prepare them for abuse . 他们迫害自己的女儿 恰是为她们受虐做准备。
abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂;
This would be so devastating that no parent would be able to bear it, so it's disguised . 这未来面对的毁灭性 没有父母承受得了, 因此被粉饰。
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) disguised:v.假扮;装扮;伪装;掩蔽;掩饰(disguise的过去分词和过去式)
In India, we call this " adjusting ." 在印度,我们称之为「调整」。
adjusting:v.调整;调节;适应;习惯;(adjust的现在分词)
I'm sure you've heard the word. 我确信你听过这个词。
'"Darling, just adjust a bit. 「亲爱的,调整一点点。
Just adjust. 调整一点点就好。
No matter what happens, just adjust." 不管发生什么事,只要调整就好。」
No matter what:不管什么…;
'"Adjust" trains girls to be powerless, not to exist, not to be seen, not to have a self, and it trains boys to claim power and authority over the world. 「调整」训练女孩无作为、 不存在、不被看见、 不拥有自我; 还训练男孩要求掌握 世上的权力和权威。
claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得; authority:n.权威;权力;当局;
And in the meantime we keep talking about gender equality and women's empowerment . 值此同时,我们一直谈论 性别平等和妇女赋权。
in the meantime:在此期间;于此际; empowerment:n.许可,授权;
After 2012, after the gang rape in a moving bus in Delhi , 在 2012 年德里发生 公车轮奸案之后,
gang rape:轮奸; Delhi:n.德里(印度城市名);
I really wanted to understand the roots of abuse. 我迫切要了解虐待的根源,
So I started asking a very simple question: what does it mean to you to be a good woman or a good man today? 因此我开始问一个很简单的问题: 在今天好女人、好男人 对您意味着什么?
And I was so surprised by what I heard, the answers particularly that young people gave, that the project became a research project and it took over my life. 我听到的答案, 尤其年轻人给的答案让我十分惊讶, 那问题成了专案研究, 接管了我的生活。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
For three years, I listened to over 600 women, men and children, educated, middle class , and it led to 1,800 hours of listening and 8,000 pages of notes, and it took another year to make sense of it. 三年来,我听了 600 多名受过教育的 中产阶级男女老少的说法, 8000 页的笔记, 又花了一年整理才理清。
middle class:adj.中产阶级的;中层社会的; make sense of:搞清…的意思;
Nowadays, we see well-dressed , educated women like many of you in this room, all of you in this room, and myself, and we think the world has changed, but these external changes are extremely misleading , because on the inside, we have not changed. 如今,在这里看得到衣冠楚楚 像你我一样受过良好教育的妇女, 我们以为世界已经改变了。 然而这些外在的变化极其误导, 因为我们的内在并没有改变。
well-dressed:adj.穿着考究的;穿着入时的; external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; misleading:adj.误导的;引入歧途的;v.误导;引入歧途;使误信;(mislead的现在分词)
So today, I'm not going to talk about poor people. 因此今天我不再谈论穷人。
I'm going to talk only about the middle and upper classes, because we are the ones most in denial . 我只谈论中产阶级和上层阶级, 因为我们是最不肯面对真相的一群。
upper:adj.上面的;内陆的;n.靴面;兴奋剂; denial:n.否认;否定;剥夺(应有的权利);拒不承认(令人不快、痛苦的事);
We are the ones who have said over and over again that when women are educated, when they're employed and they earn incomes, they will be equal, empowered and free. 我们一遍又一遍地说: 一旦妇女受过教育, 有职業 赚取收入后, 就会平等,被赋予权力和享有自由。
over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地; employed:v.雇用:应用:运用:使用(employ的过去分词和过去式) empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式)
They're not. 没这回事。
Why? 为什么?
From my research, I identify seven habits that delete women, that make women disappear , but these habits persist because they're so familiar to us and we've made them good and moral . 我从研究中发现了七个泯灭女性 使女性消失的习惯, 这些习惯根深蒂固 是因为我们熟悉它们, 视它们为有益、符合道德。
identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在; persist:v.保持;持续存在;维持;顽强地坚持; familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的;
Why would you change or drop anything that's good and moral? 何必改变或放弃 有益和符合道德的东西?
So, on the one hand , we love our children, we love our daughters, and on the other hand , we crush them. 因此,一方面我们爱自己的孩子, 爱我们的女儿, 另一方面我们迫害她们。
on the one hand:一方面; on the other hand:另一方面;
Habit one: You don't have a body. 习惯一:没有身体。
The first step to make a girl a ghost is to make her body disappear, to pretend that she doesn't have a body. 让女孩消失的第一步 是让她的身体消失, 假装自己没有身体。
ghost:n.鬼,幽灵;v.作祟于;替…捉刀;为人代笔;
Akangsha, who is 23, said, "In my family, we never spoke about the body, never." 23 岁的阿岗莎(Akangsha)说: 「我的家人从不谈论身体, 从未谈论过。」
And it is in this silence that millions and millions of girls get sexually molested , and they don't even tell their mothers. 正是在这种沉默中, 成千上万的女孩受到性侵害, 甚至没告诉母亲。
sexually:adv.性,性欲 molested:v.对进行性骚扰;攻击;伤害;(molest的过去分词和过去式)
And it's the negative comments from others that leads to 90 percent of women saying that they dislike their bodies. 正是由于他人的负面评论 导致 90% 的女性 宣称不喜欢自己的身体。
negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
When a girl rejects her body, she rejects her only house and invisibility and insecurity become her very shaky foundation . 女孩拒绝自己的身体 等同拒绝她唯一的住所, 隐形和不安全感因此造成 她不稳定的基础。
rejects:n.不良品; v.拒绝; invisibility:n.看不见;看不见的东西;难看见; insecurity:n.不安全;不牢靠;无把握;心神不定; shaky:adj.摇晃的;不可靠的;不坚定的; foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立;
Habit two: Be quiet. Chup. 习惯二:保持安静,闭嘴。
If you're not supposed to exist and you don't have a body, how can you have a voice? 如果不该存在而且没有身体, 那怎会有声音?
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
So just about every woman said, "When I was little, my mother used to scold me and say, 'Don't speak, be quiet, be chup, speak softly , don't argue and never answer back . 因此,几乎每个女人都说: 「小时候我妈妈常常斥责我,说: 『别说话,保持安静,闭嘴, 说话轻声,不要争论, 永远不要回嘴。
scold:v.责骂;训斥(孩子);n.高声骂人的人[妇女]; softly:adv.温柔地;柔和地;柔软地;静静地; answer back:[通信]应答,回复;顶嘴;
Jawab nahi Dena.'" Jawab nahi Dena。』」
I'm sure you've all heard that. 我确信你们都听过。
And so girls become afraid, and they withdraw . 因此,女孩变得害怕、退缩。
withdraw:v.撤回;提;撤离;停止提供;
And they become quiet and they say, "Let it go. Jaane do. 她们变得安静,说: 「算了吧。Jaane do。
What's the point? Nobody listens." 何必呢?没人听的。」
Educated women said that their number one problem was their inability to speak up, as if there was a foot on their throat ready to choke them. 受过教育的妇女说 她们的头号问题是 无法发声, 彷佛有一只脚踩在她们的喉咙上 随时准备封她们的喉。
inability:n.无能力;无才能; choke:n.窒息; v.阻塞; (尤指感情激动而)说不出话来;
Silence slices off women. 沉默剥夺妇女。
slices:n.切片,切割(slice的复数形式);v.切成薄片(slice的三单形式);
Habit three: Be a people pleaser. 习惯三:做个讨喜的人。
Please others. 取悦别人。
Everyone likes a nice woman who always smiles, who never says no, who is never angry, even when she's being exploited . 每个人都喜欢总是微笑的好女人, 她从不说不、从不生气, 即使在被剥削的情况下也不出声。
exploited:v.剥削;压榨;运用;利用;发挥(exploit的过去分词和过去式)
Amisha, who is 18, said, "My father said, 'If I don't see you smiling, I don't feel good.'" 18 岁的阿蜜莎(Amisha)说: 「我父亲说: 『没看到你微笑 让我觉得不舒服。』」
So she smiles. 所以她微笑。
So her father is teaching her, my happiness is more important than your happiness. 父亲教她的是 我的幸福比你的幸福更重要。
And in this business of trying to make everyone happy all the time, girls become afraid to make decisions. 在长久试图取悦所有人的过程中, 女孩变得害怕做决定。
And when you ask them, they say, "Anything, whatever! Kuch bhi! 你问她们,她们回答: 「都好啊。Kuch bhi!
Everything goes. Chalta hai." 都可以。 Chalta hai。」
Darsha, who is 25, said with great pride, "I'm highly elastic . 25 岁的达莎(Darsha)自豪地说: 「我非常有弹性,
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; elastic:n.橡皮圈;adj.有弹力(弹性)的;伸缩自如的;机变的;
I become whatever others want me to be." 别人想要我成为什么样子 我都办得到。」
Such girls give up their dreams, their desires, and nobody even notices, except for depression . 这样的女孩放弃了自己的梦想、 欲望, 没人注意, 沮丧除外。
depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
It moves in. 沮丧登堂入室,
Another slice of a girl is taken off. 又取走女孩的一部份。
Habit four: You have no sexuality . 习惯四:无性。
sexuality:n.[胚]性别;性欲;性征;性方面的事情(比如性行为或性能力);
I think you'd all agree that with a population of over 1.3 billion, sex is not new to India. 我想大家都认同
What is new is that more people now acknowledge that women, too, have a right to sexual desire. 新鲜的是,现在有更多人 承认女性也有获得性欲的权利。
But how can a woman who has not been allowed to own her body, who hasn't been educated about her body, who may have been sexually molested, who cannot say no and who has been filled with shame, how can she claim her sexual desire? 但是未被允许拥有自己的身体、 未被教育过自己身体的女人, 可能被性侵害过, 不能说不, 还充满羞耻感的女人, 该如何声称自己有性欲呢?
A woman's sexuality is suppressed . 女人的性存在受到抑制。
suppressed:adj.抑制的,发育不全的;v.镇压,禁止;(suppress的过去时和过去分词)
Habit five: Don't trust women. 习惯五:不要相信女人。
Imagine how the world would change if women came together in solidarity , but as to make sure that this doesn't happen, our culture places high moral value on loyalty to men and family secrecy . 想像如果妇女团结在一起 世界将会发生怎样的变化。 但为确保不发生这种情况, 我们的文化将高度道德价值 置于对男人忠诚和为家庭保密上。
solidarity:n.团结,团结一致; loyalty:n.忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情; secrecy:n.保密;秘密;隐蔽;
Woman after woman said, "I know only one trustworthy woman, and that's me." 女人一个个接着说: 「据我所知,唯一值得信赖的女人 就是我自己。」
trustworthy:adj.可靠的;可信赖的;
Even Ruchi, who is 30 and who works on women's empowerment at Delhi University, said, "I don't trust women. They're jealous and they backbite ." 甚至在德里大学致力于女性赋权的 30 岁的茹琪(Ruchi)也说: 「我不相信女人。
jealous:adj.妒忌的;猜疑的;唯恐失去的;戒备的; backbite:v.背后中伤;
Obviously, then, in cities, women don't join women's groups, and when you ask them why, they say, "We don't have time for gossip ." 显然在城市中 妇女不参加妇女团体, 问她们为什么,她们回答: 「我们没时间聊八卦。」
gossip:n.流言蜚语;闲聊;喜欢传播流言蜚语的人;v.传播流言蜚语;说三道四;
It's much easier to demolish a woman who is alone. 要毁掉孤立无援的女人相较容易。
demolish:v.拆毁;(意外)毁坏;推翻;轻易而彻底地打败;
Habit six: Duty over desire. 习惯六:责任优先于欲望。
Muskan gave a very long definition of a good girl, and she's only 15. 才 15 岁的木思康(Muskan) 对好女孩的定义很详细:
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
'"She is kind, gentle, polite, loving, caring, truthful, obedient , respects elders, helps everyone unconditionally , and is good to others and fulfills duty." 「好女孩善良、温柔、有礼、有爱心、 关心、诚实、服从、尊重长者, 无条件幫助每个人, 善待他人,并能履行职责。」
obedient:adj.顺从的,服从的;孝顺的; unconditionally:adv.无条件地; fulfills:v.实现;履行;执行;符合;具备;(fulfill的第三人称单数)
Tiring, isn't it. 好累,不是吗?
By the time you fulfill duty, whatever little desire is left is also lost. 履行职责后 仅余的一点欲望也消失了。
And when sacrificing mothers have nothing left to say except talk about food -- "Have you eaten? Khana kha liya? What will you eat?" -- men like Saurabh, who is 24, call them " boring ." 牺牲自我的母亲除了谈论食物, 别无其他话可说—— 「吃饱了没?Khana kha liya? 像 24 岁的索拉卜等男人 说她们「索然无趣」。
sacrificing:v.牺牲;献出;以(人或动物)作祭献;(sacrifice的现在分词) boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词)
A woman becomes a residue . 女人成了残留物。
residue:n.残渣;剩余;滤渣;
Habit seven: Be totally dependent . 习惯七:完全依赖。
dependent:adj.取决于;依靠的;依赖的;有瘾的;n.受赡养者;扈从;依存[从属]物;
So all these habits collectively crush women, fill her with fear and make her totally dependent on men for her survival , and this allows the system of male power to continue. 这些习惯共同迫害女性, 让她充满恐惧, 完全依靠男人来维持生存, 这使得男性权力体系得以延续。
collectively:adv.共同地,全体地; dependent on:依赖于;依靠; survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
So all these seven habits that we thought were good and moral snatch life away from girls and position men to abuse. 因此,这七个我们认为 好的、道德的习惯 共同夺走女孩的人生, 使男人更容易虐待她们。
snatch:n.抢夺;抓举;小量;vt.夺得;抽空做;及时救助;vi.抢走;很快接受;
We must change. 我们必须改变。
How do we change? 我们该如何改变?
A habit is just a habit. 习惯仅仅是习惯。
Every habit is a learned habit, so we can unlearn them and this personal change is extremely important. 每个习惯都由学习而来, 能藉由反向学习去掉它们, 而这种个人的改变极其重要。
unlearn:vt.忘却;抛掉以前的想法;去掉…的弊习; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
I had to change too. 我也必须改变。
But this doesn't change the system that crushes millions of other women. 但这不足以改变 迫害其他众多女性的系统。
crushes:v.压坏; n.拥挤的人群; (crush的第三人称单数和复数)
So we have to go to the roots. 因此,我们必须追本溯源。
We must change what it means to be a good woman and a good man, because this a foundation of every society. 我们必须改变好女人 和好男人的定义, 因为那是每个社会的基础。
We don't need elastic women, we need elastic definitions , for men too, and this big societal change cannot happen without men's involvement . 我们不需要有弹性的女性, 反倒需要弹性的定义。 对男性亦然, 如果没有男性的参与, 这巨大的社会革新就不会发生。
definitions:n.[数]定义(definition的复数形式); societal:adj.社会的; involvement:n.牵连;包含;混乱;财政困难;
We need you. 我们需要你。
We need men to become champions of change, to develop strong change muscles . 我们需要男人拥护革新, 发展强大的革新力量。
muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数);
Otherwise, it will be two more centuries before our girls, and our boys, are safe and free. 要不然,我们的女孩、男孩 还得等上两个世纪才能安全和自由。
Imagine half a billion women coming together, with the support of men, to talk to one another for conversation, for change, both personal and political, and imagine men in their own circles, 想像结合五亿名妇女, 她们彼此交谈, 寻求个人和政治上的变革与对话; 还想像自己圈子中的男人;
and imagine women and men coming together to just listen to each other without judgment , without blame, without accusations and without shame. 想像男女在一起只为互相倾听, 不论断、不责备、 不指责,也不羞辱。
judgment:n.判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力; accusations:n.控告;起诉;告发;谴责;(accusation的复数)
Imagine how much we would change. 想像我们会改变多少。
We can do this together. 我们可以一起做。
Women, don't adjust. 女人,不要调整。
Men, adjust. 男人,调整一下。
It's time. 正是此时。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) (掌声)
SRK: How well said, how wonderful. 汗:说得好,多么美妙。
Everyone, Deepa, please. 大家,这是迪帕。
Listening to her, I realized that even in the simplest conversations that we have with women, we're actually being aggressive . 听她的话,我意识到, 即使与女性最简单地交谈, 实际上我们(男人)仍气势汹汹。
aggressive:adj.侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的;
For example, I do tell my daughter sometimes, "Yaar Tu hasti hai to mujhe accha lagta hai varna bura lagta hai". 例如,我有时会告诉女儿 「如果你是我,这样会开心吗?」
varna:n.瓦尔纳(印度的种姓);
So sorry, I would never do that. 很抱歉,我以后不会那样了。
Aaj Se main meri beti ko yahi bolunga. 今天起我要跟我女儿说:
Whatever you're doing, mujhe accha hi lagta hai, aur accha nahi bhi lagta hai 不论你做什么, 不要为我而做,
Toh mera kya, tum wohi karo jo tumhare ko lagta hai, right? 做你想要的,好吗?
(Applause) 迪:对啊!
How did you feel, first listening to so many unfulfilled stories, desires, lack of independence , of girls that you normally would assume we think these girls are better off? 您是什么感觉—— 听了这么多(女孩)未竟之事、 欲望、欠缺独立, 我们原以为她们的境况变好了——
unfulfilled:adj.未得到满足的;没有成就感的; independence:n.独立;独立性;自恃心;独立不羁的精神; normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现;
DN: Very depressed . 迪:我非常沮丧。
depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词)
It was shocking for me, and that's why I couldn't stop, because I had no plans to do a study and no plans to write a book. 令我震惊,这就是 为什么我不能停下来, 因为我没有学习计划, 也没有写书的计划。
I'd written 17 books before, and I thought, "I'm done," 我以前写过 17 本书, 我原本以为:「我都做完了。」
but when I went to St. Stephen's College and I heard, at most elite colleges you well know from Delhi, and the young women and the men, what they said about what it meant to them to be a woman and man sounded not like me but like my mother's generation. 但是去圣史蒂芬学院时, 我听说在德里的大多数精英大学中, 青年无论男女 对成为高中生的意义代表什么。 这些人的说法听起来不像我, 而像我母亲那一代。
elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物;
So then I went to another college and another college. 我去了一所又一所大学。
The thing that was striking to me is that each woman felt she was alone, that she hides her fear and hides her behavior, because she thinks it's a personal fault. 让我惊讶的是 每个女人都觉得自己很孤独, 隐藏自己的恐惧和行为, 因为她认为是自己的过失。
It's not a personal fault, it's training, and I think that's the biggest revelation is that, if we stop pretending, then the world changes. 这不是个人过失,而是训练。 我认为最大的启示是: 如果我们不再假装, 世界就会改变。
revelation:n.披露; adj.暴露的;
SRK: Do you girls all agree with what Deepa is saying? 汗:大家都同意迪帕的话吗?
(Applause) (掌声)
Already see that young girl saying, "Heard, heard what she said? You say this to me." 已经看到那小女孩说: 「听到了,听到她的话了。
Yeah, that's the way it should be. 没错,正该如此。
You, boy, you adjust. We are not adjusting anymore, OK? 你们男孩应该调整。
(Applause) (掌声)
Thank you so much. Have a good evening. Thank you. (掌声)
(Applause) (掌声)