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DeeBoersma_2010Z-_请关注企鹅_
I want to talk about penguins today. 今天,我来谈谈企鹅。
penguins:n.企鹅;(penguin的复数)
But first, I want to start by saying that we need a new operating system , for the oceans and for the Earth. 但是首先,我想说 我们需要一个新的操作系统, 为了海洋和地球。
operating system:n.(计算机)操作系统;
When I came to the Galapagos 40 years ago, there were 3,000 people that lived in the Galapagos. 40年前当我来到加拉帕戈斯的时候, 大约有3000人 生活在加拉帕戈斯
Now there are over 30,000. 现在有超过3万的人口。
There were two Jeeps on Santa Cruz. 当时的圣特鲁斯只有2辆吉普车。
Jeeps:n.吉普车;
Now, there are around a thousand trucks and buses and cars there. 而现在,大约有1千辆卡车, 巴士和汽车。
So the fundamental problems that we face are overconsumption and too many people. 所以说,我们面临的最根本问题 是过度消费和人口过剩。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
It's the same problems in the Galapagos, except, obviously, it's worse here, in some ways, than other places. 加拉帕戈斯存在同样的问题, 除了,很明显的, 在某种意义上,加拉帕戈斯的问题比其他地区的更严重。
Because we've only doubled the population of the Earth since the 1960s -- a little more than doubled -- but we have 6.7 billion people in the world, and we all like to consume . 因为地球上的人口仅翻了一番, 自20世纪60年代起,两倍稍微多一些。 但是全世界有67亿人, 而且我们都喜欢消费。
consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁;
And one of the major problems that we have is our operating system is not giving us the proper feedback . 我们的主要问题之一 是我们的操作系统 不能够给我们正常的反馈。
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈;
We're not paying the true environmental costs of our actions. 我们并没有为我们的行为 付出真实的环境代价。
And when I came at age 22 to live on Fernandina, let me just say, that I had never camped before. 我22岁来到芬南代生活的时候, 可以说,我从来都没有 露营过。
I had never lived alone for any period of time, and I'd never slept with sea lions snoring next to me all night. 我也从来没有 一个人住过。 我更从来没有 整夜睡在打鼾的海狮身边。
snoring:v.打鼾;鼾声;正在打呼噜(snore的现在分词);
But moreover , I'd never lived on an uninhabited island. 还有,我也从来没有生活在一个无人居住的岛屿上。
moreover:adv.而且;此外; uninhabited:adj.无人居住的,杳无人迹的;
Punta Espinosa is where I lived for over a year, and we call it uninhabited because there are no people there. 我在蓬埃斯皮诺萨生活了一年多。 我们说它无人居住是 因为那里没有人。
But it's alive with life; it's hardly uninhabited. 但是,其他的生命令它生机无限。 这不能算了无生机。
So a lot has happened in the last 40 years, and what I learned when I came to the Galapagos is the importance of wild places, wild things, certainly wildlife, and the amazing qualities that penguins have. 在过去的40年中,（岛上）发生了不少的事情。 我来到加拉帕戈斯所学到的 是野地,野生的东西, 当然还有野生动物的重要性 以及企鹅身上令人赞叹的特质。
Penguins are real athletes : 企鹅是真正的运动员。
athletes:n.运动员;身强体健的人(athlete的复数形式);
They can swim 173 kilometers in a day. 它们1天能够游173公里。
They can swim at the same speed day and night -- that's faster than any Olympic swimmer . 而且能保持同样的速度昼夜不息。 这比任何一位奥林匹克游泳健将都快。
swimmer:n.游泳者;
I mean, they can do like seven kilometers an hour and sustain it. 要知道它们以七千米/小时的速度游泳, 并一直保持这个速度。
sustain:v.支持;支撑;遭受;证实;
But what is really amazing, because of this deepness here, 但是特别令人赞叹的是,因为这里的深度,
deepness:n.深度;浓度;
Emperor penguins can go down more than 500 meters and they can hold their breath for 23 minutes. 帝企鹅能下潜 超过500米, 屏气时间长达23分钟。
Magellanic penguins, the ones that I work on, they can dive to about 90 meters and they can stay down for about 4.6 minutes. 麦哲伦企鹅,也就是我在研究的, 他们能下潜约90米, 呆在那里 大约4.6分钟。
dive:n.潜水;跳水;俯冲;猛冲;v.猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;[体]跳水(运动);
Humans, without fins: 90 meters, 3.5 minutes. 人类,不带鳍,90米,3.5分钟
And I doubt anybody in this room could really hold their breath for 3.5 minutes. 我怀疑这个房间里没有人 能够屏住气3.5分钟。
You have to train to be able to do that. 你必须通过训练才能做到。
So penguins are amazing athletes. 所以说,企鹅是最棒的运动员。
The other thing is, I've never met anybody that really doesn't say that they like penguins. 另一个事情是,我从来没有见过 不喜欢企鹅的人。
They're comical , they walk upright , and, of course, they're diligent . 它们很滑稽,它们直立行走, 并且,当然,它们很勤快。
comical:adj.滑稽的,好笑的; upright:n.立柱;adj.直立的;挺直的;竖直的;垂直的;adv.竖立着;垂直着; diligent:adj.勤勉的;用功的,费尽心血的;
And, more importantly, they're well-dressed . 更重要的是,它们穿着优雅。
well-dressed:adj.穿着考究的;穿着入时的;
So they have all the criteria that people normally like. 所以它们达到了 人们喜欢的所有标准。
criteria:n.标准,条件(criterion的复数); normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地;
But scientifically , they're amazing because they're sentinels . 但是在科学层面上,它们令人惊叹是因为它们充当哨兵的角色。
scientifically:adv.系统地;合乎科学地;学问上; sentinels:n.哨兵;vt.守卫,放哨;
They tell us about our world in a lot of different ways, and particularly the ocean. 它们用很多不同的方式告诉我们很多关于我们的世界的事情, 特别是,关于海洋。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
This is a picture of a Galapagos penguin that's on the front of a little zodiac here in the Galapagos. 这是加拉帕戈斯企鹅的照片 在加拉帕戈斯的前端
zodiac:n.黄道带,十二宫图;
And that's what I came to study. 这也是我来研究的内容。
I thought I was going to study the social behavior of Galapagos penguins, but you already know penguins are rare. 我想要学习加拉帕戈斯企鹅的社会行为, 但是你已经知道 企鹅很罕见。
These are the rarest penguins in the world. 加拉帕戈斯企鹅是世界上最罕见的企鹅。
Why I thought I was going to be able to do that, I don't know. 为什么我认为我能够完成呢？我也不知道。
But the population has changed dramatically since I was first here. 但企鹅数量发生了巨大变化 从我第一次到这里的时候
dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
When I counted penguins for the first time and tried to do a census , we just counted all the individual beaks that we could around all these islands. 当我第一次清点企鹅, 做企鹅数量调查的时候, 我们仅仅数了这些岛上 我们能数得所有的喙。
census:vt.实施统计调查;n.人口普查,人口调查; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; beaks:n.[鸟]鸟嘴(beak的复数形式);
We counted around 2,000, so I don't know how many penguins there really are, but I know I can count 2,000. 我们大约数了2000个,所以我也不知道到底有多少只企鹅, 但是我知道我能够数到2000。
If you go and do it now, the national parks count about 500. 如果你现在去数的话,国家公园里 大概只有500只。
So we have a quarter of the penguins that we did 40 years ago. 所以我们现在只有40年前的 四分之一。
And this is true of most of our living systems. 而且,我们的生存体系大多数都是这个情况。
We have less than we had before, and most of them are in fairly steep decline . 我们现在拥有的比以前少, 而且相当一大部分是急剧下降。
fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; steep:adj.陡峭的;不合理的;夸大的;急剧升降的;v.泡;浸;使…充满;n.峭壁;浸渍; decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降;
And I want to just show you a little bit about why. 我只是想稍微给你们展示一下这是为什么。
(Braying) （叫声）
That's a penguin braying to tell you that it's important to pay attention to penguins. 这是企鹅的呼喊, 告诉你 关注企鹅有多么的重要。
braying:n.叫声;洗泥;v.驴叫;发出刺耳的尖声;粗声粗气地说出;捣碎(bray的ing形式); pay attention to:注意
Most important of all, 最重要的是,
I didn't know what that was the first time I heard it. 我甚至不记得是什么时候我第一次听到这样的叫声
And you can imagine sleeping on Fernandina your first night there and you hear this lonesome , plaintful call. 你可以想象,当你睡在芬南代的第一个晚上, 你听到这寂寞、哀怨的叫喊。
lonesome:adj.寂寞的;人迹稀少的;n.自己;
I fell in love with penguins, and it certainly has changed the rest of my life. 我爱上了企鹅, 这无疑改变我以后的人生。
What I found out I was studying is really the difference in how the Galapagos changes, the most extreme variation . 我发现我学到的 就是加拉帕戈斯的变化是如何的不同, 最巨大的变化。
extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; variation:n.变异;变体;变奏;变种;
You've heard about these El Ninos, but this is the extreme that penguins all over the world have to adapt to. 你听说过厄尔尼诺现象, 但是这就是全球企鹅 必须适应的极端变化。
adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应;
This is a cold-water event called La Nina. 还有一个全球变冷的 叫拉尼娜。
Where it's blue and it's green, it means the water is really cold. 哪里是蓝色和绿色,哪里的水就是非常的冷。
And so you can see this current coming up -- in this case, the Humboldt Current -- that comes all the way out to the Galapagos Islands, and this deep undersea current, the Cromwell Current, that upwells around the Galapagos. 你可以看见这股洋流的出现, 这个叫做洪保德寒流, 一直流到加拉帕戈斯岛, 然后这个深海洋流,克伦威尔洋流, 在加拉帕戈斯岛的周围涌上来,
undersea:adj.水下的;海面下的; upwells:vi.上涌;往上涌出;
That brings all the nutrients : 带来了大量的养分。
nutrients:营养盐;[食品]营养素;
When this is cold in the Galapagos, it's rich, and there's plenty of food for everyone. 当加拉帕戈斯岛变冷的时候, 小岛变得富饶,每个人都有丰富的食物。
When we have extreme El Nino events, you see all this red, and you see no green out here around the Galapagos. 当我们有极恶劣的厄尔尼诺现象时, 你们看到的都是红色, 一点儿绿色都没有 在加拉帕戈斯岛上。
That means that there's no upwelling , and there's basically no food. 这就意味着没有上涌的潜流, 基本上也就没有食物。
upwelling:n.上涌; v.上涌(upwell的ing形式); basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
So it's a real desert for not only for the penguins and the sea lions and the marine iguanas ... 这就成为了沙漠。 不仅仅对于企鹅来说,对于海狮和海鬣蜥,
marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; iguanas:n.[脊椎]鬣蜥(iguana的复数);美洲蜥蜴;
things die when there's no food. 没有食物就只有死亡。
But we didn't even know that that affected the Galapagos when I went to study penguins. 我们根本不知道 这会影响加拉帕戈斯岛,在我研究企鹅的时候
And you can imagine being on an island hoping you're going to see penguins, and you're in the middle of an El Nino event and there are no penguins. 你可以想象在一个岛上,你希望能看见企鹅, 但是因为厄尔尼诺的关系, 一只企鹅都没有。
They're not breeding; they're not even around. 它们没有生育,它们甚至不再出现。
I studied marine iguanas at that point. 那个时候,我研究了海鬃蜥。
But this is a global phenomenon , we know that. 但我们都知道这是一个全球化的现象。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
And if you look along the coast of Argentina , where I work now, at a place called Punta Tombo -- the largest Magellanic penguin colony in the world down here about 44 degrees south latitude -- you see that there's great variation here. 如果你看看阿根廷的海岸,我现在工作的地方 有个地方叫东波角 那是世界上麦哲伦企鹅最大的居住地, 大约在南纬44度, 你能看到有很大的变化。
Argentina:n.阿根廷(位于拉丁美洲); colony:n.殖民地;移民队; latitude:n.纬度;界限;活动范围;
Some years, the cold water goes all the way up to Brazil , and other years, in these La Nina years, it doesn't. 有几年, 寒流一直流到巴西, 有几年,拉尼娜的那几年,寒流没有流到巴西。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
So the oceans don't always act together; they act differently, but that is the kind of variation that penguins have to live with, and it's not easy. 所以说,海洋并没有总是在一起变化,他们也有不同 但是正是这种不同 企鹅要面对 这并不容易。
So when I went to study the Magellanic penguins, 所以,当我研究麦哲伦企鹅的时候,
I didn't have any problems. 我没有遇到任何问题。
There were plenty of them. 那里有大量的麦哲伦企鹅。
This is a picture at Punta Tombo in February showing all the penguins along the beach. 这是东波角二月份的照片 所有的企鹅都在海滩上。
I went there because the Japanese wanted to start harvesting them and turning them into high fashion golf gloves, protein and oil. 我去那里是因为日本打算开始残杀他们, 将他们变成高级时装的高尔夫手套, 蛋白质和鱼油。
protein:n.蛋白质;
Fortunately , nobody has harvested any penguins and we're getting over 100,000 tourists a year to see them. 幸运的是,还没有人扑杀任何企鹅, 大概一年有10多万的游客来看它们。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地;
But the population is declining and it's declined fairly substantially , about 21 percent since 1987, when I started these surveys , in terms of number of active nests. 因为企鹅数量一直在减少, 而且减少幅度相当大,大概有21%。 从1987年起,当我开始调查的时候, 这是根据企鹅巢穴得出的数据。
declining:v.减少;下降;衰弱;谢绝;婉言拒绝;(decline的现在分词) declined:v.减少;下降;衰弱;婉言拒绝;(decline的过去分词和过去式) substantially:adv.实质上;大体上;充分地; surveys:n.调查(survey的复数);
Here, you can see where Punta Tombo is, and they breed in incredibly dense colonies. 现在大家看到的是东波角的地理位置 他们在很密集的地方繁殖。
breed:v.繁殖;孕育;培育(动植物);导致;以…方式教育;n.品种; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; dense:adj.稠密的;浓厚的;愚钝的;
We know this because of long-term science, because we have long-term studies there. 我们知道这些是因为长期的科学研究, 是因为我们长期在那里的调查。
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
And science is important in informing decision makers, and also in changing how we do and knowing the direction of change that we're going in. 科学对于决策是很重要的, 对于改变我们的行为 以及改变的方向也很重要。
informing:v.知会;通知;通告;了解;熟悉;对…有影响(inform的现在分词)
And so we have this penguin project. The Wildlife Conservation Society has funded me along with a lot of individuals over the last 27 years to be able to produce these kinds of maps. 所以,我们有这个企鹅项目,野生动物保护协会 为我们提供资金,还有其他很多的个人 过去27年中, 使我们能够绘制这样的地图。
Conservation:n.保存,保持;保护; funded:adj.提供资金的;v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息;(fund的过去式); individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
And also, we know that it's not only 而且,我们只知道,不仅仅
Galapagos penguins that are in trouble, but Magellanics and many other species of penguins. 加拉帕戈斯企鹅有困难, 麦哲伦企鹅也有,还有其他种类的企鹅
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
And so we have started a global penguin society to try to focus on the real plight of penguins. 所以我们开始（建立）一个全球化的企鹅社会, 试着重点关注企鹅面临的真正困难。
plight:n.困境;境况;誓约;vt.保证;约定;
This is one of the plights of penguins: oil pollution. 石油污染是企鹅所面临的困境的一种。
plights:n.困境;境况;誓约;vt.保证;约定;
Penguins don't like oil and they don't like to swim through oil. 企鹅不喜欢石油, 而且也不喜欢在石油中游泳。
The nice thing is, if you look down here in Argentina, there's no surface oil pollution from this composite map. 好的事情是,如果你从阿根廷往下看, 在这个综合性地图上,没有一处石油污染。
composite:n.复合材料;合成物;菊科;adj.复合的;合成的;菊科的;vt.使合成;使混合;
But, in fact, when we went to Argentina, penguins were often found totally covered in oil. 但是,事实上,当我们去阿根廷的时候, 经常发现企鹅 全身裹着石油。
So they were just minding their own business. 他们只是想管好他们自己,
They ended up swimming through ballast water that had oil in it. 却最终在有石油的压载水中游泳。
ballast:n.压舱物,[建]压载物;道渣,碎石;vt.给…装压舱物;给…铺道渣;
Because when tankers carry oil they have to have ballast at some point, so when they're empty, they have the ballast water in there. 这是因为,当油轮运输石油的时候, 在某些时候他们必须要有压载, 当油轮清空时,需要将压载水压入船体。
When they come back, they actually dump this oily ballast water into the ocean. 归航时,实际上油轮又将混有石油的压载水 倒入海洋。
dump:v.倾倒;抛售;抛弃;转存;n.垃圾场;转储;转存;废物堆; oily:adj.油的;油质的;油滑的;油腔滑调的;
Why do they do that? Because it's cheaper, because they don't pay the real environmental costs. 为什么要这样做呢?因为这样省钱, 因为他们不用为环境破坏买单。
We usually don't, and we want to start getting the accounting system right so we can pay the real cost. 我们通常情况下不这样,我们希望开始 建立完善的会计系统 以便我们能付出真正的代价。
At first, the Argentine government said, "No, there's no way. 起初,阿根廷政府说,“不。绝对不可能。
Argentine:adj.阿根廷的;银的;n.阿根廷人;银;
You can't find oiled penguins in Argentina. 你不可能发现在阿根廷发现裹着石油的企鹅。
We have laws, and we can't have illegal dumping; it's against the law." 我们有法律。 我们不允许非法倾倒废物。这是违法的。“
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
So we ended up spending nine years convincing the government that there were lots of oiled penguins. 所以我们最终用了9年的时间 让政府相信有大量的企鹅生活在石油之中。
convincing:adj.令人信服的; v.使确信; (convince的现在分词)
In some years, like this year, we found more than 80 percent of the adult penguins dead on the beach were covered in oil. 有些年份,比如今年,我们发现 超过百分之八十的 成年企鹅死在海滩上, 全身裹着石油。
on the beach:adj.在海滩上;失业的;潦倒的;退休的;
These little blue dots are the fledglings -- we do this survey every March -- which means that they're only in the environment from January until March, so maybe three months at the most that they could get covered in oil. 这些小蓝点代表着幼鸟。 我们每年三月份都会做这样调查, 这就意味着他们只有在 一月份到三月份在这个环境中 所以或许最多只有三个月, 它们就会裹上石油。
fledglings:n.无经验的人;刚会飞的幼鸟; at the most:至多,不超过;
And you can see, in some years over 60 percent of the fledglings were oiled. 你看到有些年份,超过百分之六十的 幼鸟被石油污染。
Eventually , the government listened and, amazingly, they changed their laws. 最终,政府听从了, 而且令人惊叹的是,他们修改了法律。
Eventually:adv.最后,终于;
They moved the tanker lanes 40 kilometers farther off shore, and people are not doing as much illegal dumping . 他们将油轮航线向着远离海岸线 的方向又移了40公里, 而且没有那么多人为非法倾倒的废物
lanes:n.线路,跑道(lane复数形式); dumping:n.倾倒,倾卸;v.丢弃,扔掉;抛弃;抛售;(dump的现在分词)
So what we're seeing now is very few penguins are oiled. 所以,我们现在看到 只有很少数的企鹅在石油之中。
Why are there even these penguins oiled? 为什么还是有企鹅在石油中呢？
Because we've solved the problem in Chubut province, which is like a state in Argentina where Punta Tombo is -- so that's about 1,000 kilometers of coastline -- but we haven't solved the problem in northern Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. 因为我们解决了Chubut省的问题, Chubut省相当于阿根廷的一个州, 东波角所在的州 那里大概有1000公里的海岸线- 但我们没有解决 整个阿根廷北部,乌拉圭和巴西的问题
coastline:n.海岸线;
So now I want to show you that penguins are affected. 所以现在,我想给你们展示这如何影响企鹅们。
I'm just going to talk about two things. 我只谈两件事情。
This is climate change. Now this has really been a fun study because I put satellite tags on the back of these Magellanic penguins. 首先是气候变化。现在这个真是一项很有趣的研究, 因为我把卫星标记放置在 麦哲伦企鹅的背部。
tags:n.标签; v.附加;
Try to convince donors to give you a couple thousand dollars to glue a satellite tag on the back of penguins. 这是为了使捐款者给你几千美金 把一个卫星标记贴在企鹅背部。
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; donors:n.捐赠人(donor的复数);[电子]施主; glue:n.胶;胶水;v.粘贴;
But we've been doing this now for more than a decade to learn where they go. 但是,我们这样做了10多年来研究它们去到哪里。
We thought we needed a marine protected area of about 30 kilometers, and then we put a satellite tag on the back of a penguin. 我们认为我们需要一个海洋保护区, 大约30公里 而且我们还得把卫星标记放置在企鹅背部
And what the penguins show us -- and these are all the little dots from where the penguins' positions were for penguins in incubation in 2003 -- and what you see is some of these individuals are going 800 kilometers away from their nests. 这样,企鹅展示给我们的, 就是这些小点点 代表企鹅的所在, 是2003年孵化小企鹅的地点。 你看到的是一些个体 会到离它们巢穴800公里远的地方去。
incubation:n.孵化;[病毒][医]潜伏;抱蛋;
So that means as their mate is sitting on the nest incubating the eggs, the other one is out there foraging , and the longer they have to stay gone, the worse condition the mate is in when the mate comes back. 这就意味着,在它们的伴侣 坐在巢穴中,孵化小企鹅的时候, 另一半在外出觅食。 它们需要离开的时间越长, 当它们回去的时候,它们所面临的情况就越严重。
mate:n.助手,大副; v.使配对; incubating:v.孵化;培养(细胞、细菌等);潜伏(incubate的现在分词) foraging:n.觅食(forage的ing形式);觅食力;
And, of course, all of this then leads to a vicious cycle and you can't raise a lot of chicks. 当然,所有的这些导致一个恶性循环, 你就无法养活大量的小企鹅。
vicious:adj.恶毒的;恶意的;堕落的;有错误的;品性不端的;剧烈的;
Here you see in 2003 -- these are all the dots of where the penguins are -- they were raising a little over a half of a chick. 你们看2003年, 所有的点代表企鹅所在的位置, 它们只能养活 一半多一点的小企鹅。
Here, you can see in 2006, they raised almost three quarters of a chick per nest, and you can see that they're closer to Punta Tombo; they're not going as far away. 这里,你们可以观察到2006年, 每个家庭养活了 大概四分之三的小企鹅。 你发现它们离东波角越来越近, 它们没有走远。
three quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三;
This past year, in 2009, you can see that they're now raising about a fourth of a chick, and some of these individuals are going more than 900 kilometers away from their nests. 过去的这一年,2009年, 你们可以发现它们只养育了 四分之一的小企鹅。 有些个体 要离开它们的巢穴900多公里。
So it's kind of like you having a job in Chicago, and then you get transferred to St. Louis, and your mate is not happy about this because you've got to pay airfare , because you're gone longer. 这就好像你在芝加哥有一份工作, 然后你搬到 圣路易斯, 你的伴侣为此不高兴, 因为你得付机票钱, 而且你离开的时间更长。
transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式) airfare:n.飞机票价;
The same thing's true for penguins as well. 对于企鹅来说是一样的。
And they're going about, on average now, 40 kilometers farther than they did a decade ago. 它们现在 跟10年前相比,平均要多走40公里。
We need to be able to get information out to the general public . 我们需要获取更多的信息并且让每个人都知道。
general public:n.普通百姓;大众;公众;
And so we started a publication with the Society for Conservation that we think presents cutting-edge science in a new, novel way, because we have reporters that are good writers that actually can distill the information and make it accessible to the general public. 所以我们跟环保协会共同 创办了一期刊物。 我们用一种革新的方式 来传达当今最前沿的科学知识。 因为我们有记者,他们都是很棒的作家, 他们也能够提炼信息, 并将其变成能够供大众接受的信息。
publication:n.出版物;发表;公布;发行; cutting-edge science:尖端科学; novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说; distill:vt.提取;蒸馏;使滴下;vi.蒸馏;滴下;作为精华产生(等于distil); accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的;
So if you're interested in cutting-edge science and smarter conservation, you should join with our 11 partners -- some of them here in this room, like the Nature Conservancy -- and look at this magazine 所以,如果你对尖端科技 和睿智的谈话有兴趣, 你应该加入到我们的11个合作伙伴的行列中来。 他们有些现在就在这个房间里,像大自然保护协会, 读读这本杂志,
Conservancy:n.管理;保护;保存;
because we need to get information out about conservation to the general public. 因为我们需要将有关环保的信息 传播给普通大众。
Lastly I want to say that all of you, probably, have had some relationship at some time in your life with a dog, a cat, some sort of pet, and you recognized that those are individuals. 好,最后我想说, 在座的可能 都有过 跟一只狗、一只猫,或者任何宠物在一起的时候, 你们认同它们是独立的个体。
recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式)
And some of you consider them almost part of your family. 有些人甚至认为它们几乎是家庭的一部分。
If you had a relationship with a penguin, you'd see it in the same sort of way. 如果你们和企鹅在一起, 你们对待它们也是一样的。
They're amazing creatures that really change how you view the world because they're not that different from us: 它们是令人惊叹的动物, 会改变你看世界的方式, 因为它们们跟我们没有区别并不大。
creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数)
They're trying to make a living , they're trying to raise their offspring , they're trying to get on and survive in the world. 它们只是想维持生计。 只是想养育它们的子孙。 它们只是想在这个世界上生活。
make a living:谋生,维持生活; offspring:n.后代,子孙;产物;
This is Turbo the Penguin. 这是一只名叫涡轮的企鹅。
Turbo:n.涡轮增压机;
Turbo's never been fed. 涡轮从来没有被喂养过。
He met us and got his name because he started standing under my diesel truck: a turbo truck, so we named him Turbo. 他遇到我们后,我们给他起的这个名字 因为他开始站在 我的柴油卡车下面,一辆涡轮增压车, 所以我们叫他涡轮。
diesel:n.柴油机;柴油;柴油车;内燃机车
Turbo has taken to knocking on the door with his beak, we let him in and he comes in here. 涡轮学会了用他的喙敲门。 我们让他进来,他就进来了。
And I just wanted to show you what happened one day when Turbo brought in a friend. 我只是想给大家看看 当涡轮带来个朋友时 发生了些什么。
So this is Turbo. 这是涡轮
He's coming up to one of my graduate students and flipper patting , which he would do to a female penguin. 他来到我的一个研究生面前,拍打他的蹼 就好像他对着一位雌性企鹅一样
flipper:n.鳍状肢;鳍;烤饼;胖听罐头;vi.靠鳍足(或鸭甲板)行动;adj.无礼的; patting:adj.恰好的; v.恰好; n.轻拍; vt.轻拍; vi.轻拍; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
And you can see, he's not trying to bite. 你看,他并没有打算咬你
This guy has never been in before and he's trying to figure out, "What is going on? 这位兄弟从来没有来过 他正努力弄清楚“发生了什么？
What is this guy doing? 他在干什么呢？
This is really pretty weird ." 这真是奇怪呀。”
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神;
And you'll see soon that my graduate student ... 你一会儿就会看到 我的研究生
and you see, Turbo's pretty intent on his flipper patting. 你也会看到,涡轮拍打蹼 的意图
intent on:专心致志于;抱定决心要实行;
And now he's looking at the other guy, saying, "You are really weird." 现在他看着那个家伙 说到“你好奇怪呀”
And now look at this: not friendly. 看这里,可是不友好
So penguins really differ in their personalities just like our dogs and our cats. 所以企鹅的性格是不同的 就像我们的狗和猫一样。
personalities:n.性格;个性;人格;气质;名人;(personality的复数)
We're also trying to collect our information and become more technologically literate . 我们同时也试图收集更多信息, 并学会掌握更多的技术。
technologically:adv.科技地;技术上地; literate:adj.受过教育的;精通文学的;n.学者;
So we're trying to put that in computers in the field. 所以我们将这些信息输入 相关领域的电脑。
And penguins are always involved in helping us or not helping us in one way or another. 企鹅总是加入进来, 用这样或那样的方式,帮助我们,或者不帮助我们。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
This is a radio frequency ID system. 这是一个无线电频率身份识别系统。
frequency:n.频率;发生率;重复率;频繁;
You put a little piece of rice in the foot of a penguin that has a barcode , so it tells you who it is. 我们在企鹅脚上放了一些米 它们脚上有条形码,用来告诉我们这是企鹅是谁。
barcode:n.条形码;条码技术;
It walks over the pad , and you know who it is. 企鹅走过垫子,你就知道这是谁。
pad:n.软垫,护垫;便笺本;爪垫;肉掌;v.填充,覆盖,保护;蹑手蹑脚地走;做黑账;
Okay, so here are a few penguins coming in. 现在有几只企鹅过来了。
See, this one's coming back to its nest. 请看,这只正要回它的窝。
They're all coming in at this time, walking across there, just kind of leisurely coming in. 他们都在此刻一块儿来了, 一起走过去,都有那么点悠闲。
leisurely:adj.悠闲的;从容的;adv.悠闲地;从容不迫地;
Here's a female that's in a hurry. She's got food. 哦,这位女士可是急匆匆的
She's really rushing back, because it's hot, to try to feed her chicks. 她真是急着往回赶,因为很热呀, 要赶紧回去喂孩子。
And then there's another fellow that will leisurely come by. 那位兄弟正慢悠悠地走过来。
Look how fat he is. He's walking back to feed his chicks. 看他多胖呀。他也是回去喂他的孩子。
Then I realize that they're playing king of the box. 这下我意识到他们 在玩箱子。
This is my box up here, and this is the system that works. 我的箱子在这里,这也就是这个正在工作的系统。
You can see this penguin, he goes over, he looks at those wires, does not like that wire. 你可以看到这只企鹅,他走过去,他盯着这些电线看, 他不喜欢那条电线。
He unplugs the wire; we have no data. 他就拔出那根电线,我们就没有数据了。
unplugs:v.拔去…的塞子(插头);去掉…的障碍物;(unplug的第三人称单数)
(Laughter) （笑声）
So, they really are pretty amazing creatures. 所以说,他们真的是非常奇妙的动物。
OK. 好吧。
Most important thing is: 最重要的事是,
Only you can change yourself, and only you can change the world and make it better, for people as well as penguins. 只有你可以改变你自己。 而且,只有你可以改变这个世界, 让这个世界变得更美好,为了人类自己, 也为了企鹅们。
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
So, thank you very much. (Applause) 最后,非常感谢大家。