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DayoOgunyemi_2017G-_非洲电影人眼中的非洲未来_
As a child growing up in Nigeria, books sparked my earliest imagination , but films, films transported me to magical places with flying cars, to infinite space with whole universes of worlds to discover. 我在奈及利亚长大, 书籍引发了我最早的想像; 但是电影,电影将我 带到了有飞行汽车的神奇地方, 去到能够发现整个宇宙 无限空间的世界。
sparked:v.点燃,发动(spark的过去式,过去分词);鼓舞; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; transported:v.(用交通工具)运输,运送,输送;(transport的过去分词和过去式) infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限; universes:语义层;此生彼世;
And my journey of discovery has led to many places and possibilities, all linked with ideas and imagination. 而我的发现之旅 带来许多地方和可能性, 都与想法和想像力相关。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
A decade and a half ago, 十年半前,
I moved from working in law and technology in New York to financing, producing and distributing films in Nairobi, Lagos and Johannesburg. 我从纽约的法律和技术工作 转为筹资、制作和发行电影, 地点在奈洛比、拉哥斯和约翰尼斯堡。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; distributing:v.分发;分配;分销;使散开;使分布;分散;(distribute的现在分词)
I've been privileged to see firsthand how in Africa, film powerfully explores the marvelous and the mundane , how it conveys infinite possibilities and fundamental truths. 我很榮幸能够亲眼目睹非洲的情况, 目睹电影有力地探索了 奇妙而平凡的世界, 和它如何传达 无限的可能和基本的真理。
privileged:adj.有特权的; v.给予特权; (privilege的过去式和过去分词) firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的;adv.直接地; powerfully:adv.强大地;强烈地;非常; explores:v.探索; (explore的第三人称单数) marvelous:adj.了不起的;非凡的;令人惊异的;不平常的; mundane:adj.世俗的,平凡的;世界的,宇宙的; conveys:运输;表达; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
Afrofuturist films like "Pumzi," 非洲的科幻电影,像 《Pumzi》,
Wanuri Kahiu's superb sci-fi flick , paint brilliant pictures of Africa's future, while Rungano Nyoni's "I Am Not A Witch " 是万努里·卡希 (Wanuri Kahiu) 执导的精湛科幻电影, 描绘非洲未来的精彩画面; 而伦加诺·尼奥尼（Rungano Nyoni） 执导的《你才女巫,你全家都女巫》,
superb:adj.极好的;华丽的;宏伟的; sci-fi:n.科幻小说(等于sciencefiction); flick:v.轻弹;忽然摇动;轻轻拂去;n.弹开;快速的轻打;轻打声; Witch:n.巫婆,女巫;vt.迷惑;施巫术;
and Akin Omotoso's "Vaya" 和阿金-奥莫托索 (Akin Omotoso) 的《Vaya》,
Akin:adj.类似的;同类的;同族的;
show us and catalogue our present. 向我们展示、编列了现在。
catalogue:n.目录;目录簿;一连串(糟糕)事;v.编入目录;记载,登记;
These filmmakers offer nuanced snapshots of Africa's imagined and lived reality, in contrast to some of the images of Africa that come from outside, and the perspectives that accompany all of these images, 这些电影制作者提供了非洲的 想像和生活现实的微妙快照, 与来自外部的一些非洲图像 形成鲜明的对比; 伴随着所有图像的观点,
filmmakers:n.制片人(filmmaker的复数); nuanced:adj.微妙的; v.精确细腻地表演; snapshots:n.[摄]快照(snapshot的复数);v.拍快照(snapshot的三单形式); contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式); accompany:v.陪同;陪伴;与…同时发生;为…伴奏;
whether sympathetic or dismissive , shape or distort how people see Africa. 无论是同情或是不屑, 形塑或扭曲了人们如何看待非洲。
sympathetic:adj.同情的;赞同的;和谐的;n.交感神经;容易感受的人; dismissive:adj.表示轻视的;解雇的; distort:v.使变形;扭曲;使失真;歪曲;
And the truth is, many people think Africa is screwed up. 事实是 很多人认为非洲被搞砸了。
screwed:v.用螺丝固定;旋紧;拧紧;拧上去;(screw的过去分词和过去式)
Images play a big part of the reason why. 很大的原因是非洲的图像。
Many tropes about Africa persist from pictures, pictures of famine in Ethiopia 30 years ago, pictures of the Biafran war half a century ago. 许多老图片依然表达着 对非洲的观点, 像是 30 年前伊索比亚的 一些饥荒照片, 半个世纪前比亚夫兰战争的图片。
tropes:n.比喻;修辞;转义;(trope的复数) persist:v.保持;持续存在;维持;顽强地坚持; famine:n.饥荒; Ethiopia:n.埃塞俄比亚;
But on a continent where the average age is 17, these tragic events seem almost prehistoric . 但在平均年龄为 17 岁的 非洲大陆上, 这些悲惨事件几乎像是史前时期。
continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的; tragic:adj.悲剧的;悲痛的,不幸的; prehistoric:adj.史前的;陈旧的;
Their images are far removed from how people in Africa's many countries see themselves and their neighbors. 那些图像与非洲许多国家的人们 看待自己和邻居的方式天差地远。
For them, these images do not represent their reality. 对他们来说,这些图像 不代表他们的现实。
represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送;
So what is Africa's reality, or rather, which of Africa's many realities do we choose to focus on? 那么非洲的现实是什么？ 或者说,在那么多的非洲现实中, 我们要选择关注哪一个？
Do we accept Emmanuel Macron's imagination of Africa in 2017 as a place in which all women have seven or eight children? 我们是否接受（法国总统）马克宏 对 2017 年非洲的想像── 非洲是个所有女人 都生七八个孩子的地方？
Or do we instead rely on the UN's account that only one of Africa's 54 countries has a fertility rate as high as seven? 或者,我们信赖联合国的报告, 说非洲 54 个国家中 只有一个的生育率高达七个？
rely:vi.依靠;信赖; fertility:n.多产;肥沃;[农经]生产力;丰饶;
Do we focus on the fact that infant mortality and life expectancy in Africa today is roughly comparable to the US a hundred years ago, or do we focus on progress, 我们是否专注于 今天非洲的婴儿死亡率和预期寿命 与一百年前的美国大致相当的事实; 还是我们关注于进步,
infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; life expectancy:预期寿命; roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; comparable to:可比较的,比得上的;
the fact that Africa has cut infant mortality in half in the last four decades and has raised life expectancy by 10 years since the year 2000? 在过去的四十年中, 非洲已经将婴儿的死亡率砍半, 相较于 2000 年, 还把平均余命提高了 10 年？
These dueling perspectives are all accurate . 这些互相比斗的观点都正确,
dueling:n.决斗;竞争;v.决斗;斗争(duel的ing形式); accurate:adj.精确的;
Well, aside from Macron's. He's just wrong. 除了马克宏的。他错了。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But one version makes it easy to dismiss Africa as hopeless, while the other fuels hope that a billion people can continue to make progress towards prosperity . 但一个版本容易视非洲为毫无希望, 而另一个版本则赋予希望, 十亿人能够继续繁榮发展。
prosperity:n.繁荣,成功;
The fact that Africans do not have the luxury of turning their gaze elsewhere , the fact that we must make progress or live with the consequence of failure, 事实上非洲人 没有把注意力转向别处的奢望。 我们必须取得进展, 要不然就得接受失败,
luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的; gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论;
are the reason we must continue to tell our own stories and show our own images, with honesty and primarily to an African audience, because the image that matters most is the image of Africa in African imaginations . 这是我们必须继续讲述自己的故事 并展示自己的形象的原因, 诚实展示,主要针对非洲的观众, 因为最重要的形象 是非洲在非洲人心目中的形象。
primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; imaginations:n.[心理]想象力;空想;幻想物;
Now, honesty requires that we acknowledge that Africa is behind the rest of the world and needs to move swiftly to catch up. 现在,诚实要求我们承认 非洲落后于世界其他地区, 需要迅速赶上。
swiftly:adv.很快地;敏捷地;即刻;
But thinking of a way forward, 但想着前进的方向,
I'd like us to engage in a thought exercise. 我希望我们参与思考的过程。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
What if we could go back a hundred years, say to the US in 1917, but we could take with us all the modern ideas, innovations , inventions that we have today? 假如我们可以回溯一百年, 在 1917 年对美国说, 但是我们能带着 我们今天所有的现代观念、 创新和发明,会如何呢？
What if:如果…怎么办? innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革;
What could we achieve with this knowledge? 我们能用这些知识做些什么？
How richly could we improve quality of life and living conditions for people? 我们能把人们的生活质量、 生活条件提到多高、多丰富呢？
richly:adv.丰富地;富裕地;完全地; improve:v.改进;改善;
How widely could we spread prosperity? 我们可以在多大程度上推广繁榮？
Imagine if a hundred years ago, the education system had all the knowledge we have today, including how best to teach. 想像如果一百年前, 教育系统有今天所有的知识, 明白如何教得最好;
And doctors and scientists knew all we do about public health measures, surgery techniques , 医生和科学家们 知道所有现代的公共卫生措施、手术技巧、DNA 测序、
surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
DNA sequencing , cancer research and treatment ? 癌症的研究和治疗,那会如何？
sequencing:n.[计]排序; v.[计]定序(sequence的ing形式); cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
If we had access then to modern semiconductors , computers, mobile devices , the internet? 如果当时我们能接触到 现代的半导体、 电脑、移动设备、互联网呢？
semiconductors:n.[电子][物]半导体;半导体组件(semiconductor的复数); mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
Just imagine. 就只想像一下。
If we did, we could take a quantum leap forward, couldn't we. 如果那样,我们能 向前迈进一大步,不是吗？
quantum leap:n.突变;巨变;飞跃;
Well, Africa can take a leap of that magnitude today. 今天的非洲可以大步地跃进,
magnitude:n.大小;量级;[地震]震级;重要;光度;
There's enough untapped innovation to move Africa a century forward in living conditions if the will and commitment is there. 有足够多尚未开发的创新 可将非洲的生活条件 向前推进一个世纪, 如果我们下决心许诺,
untapped:adj.未开发的;未使用的;塞子未开的; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺;
This is not just a possibility; it's an imperative for Africa's future, a future that will see Africa's population double to two and a half billion people in just three decades, 这不仅可能,且非洲未来势在必行。 未来非洲人口将在短短三十年内 倍增至二十五亿人;
imperative:adj.重要紧急的; n.重要紧急的事;
a future that will see Africa have the world's largest workforce , just as the idea of work itself is being radically reconsidered . 未来非洲将拥有世界最大的劳动力; 就像工作理念本身 正被彻底重新思考一样。
workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工; radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; reconsidered:v.重新考虑;重新审议;(reconsider的过去分词和过去式)
Now taking the leap forward isn't that far-fetched . 现在向前迈进并不是那么遥不可及,
leap forward:跃进;向前跳;快速发展; far-fetched:adj.强词夺理的;太牵强了;
There are tons of examples that demonstrate the potential for change in Africa. 有大量例子证明非洲变革的潜力。
demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
Just 20 years ago, 仅仅 20 年前,
Nigeria had fewer than half a million working phone lines. 奈及利亚可用的电话线 不到五十万条,
Today it has a hundred million mobile phone subscriptions , and this mobile miracle is mirrored in every African country. 今天有一亿名手机用户。 而这个移动的奇迹 反映在每个非洲国家,
mobile phone:移动电话 subscriptions:n.订阅,订购;定期捐款;会员费;用户费;集体资助;(subscription的复数) miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例;
There are over three quarters of a billion mobile phones in use in Africa today, and this has spurred justified excitement about leapfrogging , about bringing the sharing economy , artificial intelligence , autonomous machines to Africa. 今天在非洲使用的手机 超过七亿五千万支, 对飞跃式发展振奋是合理的, 把共享经济、人工智能、 自动化机器带到非洲发展。
three quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三; spurred:adj.装有马刺的;有花距的;v.鞭策;教唆(spur的过去分词); justified:adj.正当的; v.证明…正确; (justify的过去式和过去分词) excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物; leapfrogging:v.越级提升;(leapfrog的现在分词) economy:n.经济;节约;理财; artificial intelligence:n.人工智能; autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的;
And this is all promising, but we need to think about sequencing. 这一切都很有希望, 但我们需要考虑次序。
Forget putting the cart before the horse. 不能把马车放在马的前面。
cart:n.运货马车;手推车;手拉车;v.用车装运;用手提;强行带走;抓走;.
You can't put the self-driving car before the roads. 你不能没有道路 就要发展自动驾驶汽车。
self-driving:自驾;
(Applause) （掌声）
There's a whole infrastructural and logical layer to innovation that we take for granted , but we have to triage for Africa, because some of the biggest infrastructure gaps are for things that are so basic that Westerners rarely have to think about them. 整个基础设施和逻辑层面的创新 我们视为理所当然; 但我们必须依照 对非洲的紧要程度来分配, 因为有些大型基础设施的欠缺 非常的基本, 以至西方人几乎用不着考虑它们。
infrastructural:adj.基础结构的;构造基底的; logical:adj.合逻辑的,合理的;逻辑学的; layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次; take for granted:认为…理所当然; triage:n.分类;伤员验伤分类; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式); Westerners:n.西方人(westerner的复数); rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
So let's explore this. 让我们来探讨一下。
Imagine your internet access went off for a day, and when it came back, it only stayed on for three hours at a time, 想像你的互联网断线了一天, 当它恢复时, 每回只能上线三个小时,
How would your life change? 你的生活将如何改变？
Now replace internet access with electricity . 互联网搁一边,现在思考供电,
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
Think of your fridges, your TVs, your microwaves , just sitting idly for days. 想想你的冰箱、电视、微波炉 几天不能用;
microwaves:n.[物]微波; v.用微波炉烹调(microwave的单三形式); idly:adv.无所事事地;懒惰地,空闲地;无益地;
Now extend this nightmare to government offices, to businesses, to schools, to hospitals. 再把这个噩梦延伸到政府办公室、 企業、学校、 医院。
extend:vt.延伸; vi.延伸; nightmare:n.恶梦;梦魇般的经历;adj.可怕的;噩梦似的;
This, or worse, is the type of access that hundreds of millions of Africans have to electricity, and to water, and to healthcare , and to sanitation , and to education. 这种状况或者更糟的情况, 是数亿的非洲人 没电、 没水、 没医疗保健、 没卫生设施、 没教育。
healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健; sanitation:n.[医]环境卫生;卫生设备;下水道设施;
We must fix this. 我们必须解决此问题。
We must fix this because ensuring widespread and affordable access to decent infrastructure and services isn't just low-hanging fruit: it's fundamental to achieving the hundred-year leap. 我们必须解决此问题, 像样的基础设施和服务, 不仅是低垂的果实, （注:可轻易实现的目标） 而且是实现百年飞跃的基础。
ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词); widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的; affordable:adj.负担得起的; decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的;
And when we fix it, we might find some unexpected benefits. 解决它时, 我们可能会发现 一些意想不到的好处。
unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的;
One unexpected benefit of the mobile miracle was that it led to what is perhaps the greatest cultural resurgence that Africa has seen in a generation: the rebirth of African popular music. 一个移动奇迹意想不到的好处 是它导致非洲这一代人 看到最伟大的文化复兴: 非洲流行音乐的重生。
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; resurgence:n.复活;再现;再起; rebirth:n.再生;复兴;
For musicians like P-Square, 对于像 P-Square、
Bongo Maffin and Wizkid, mobile phones paved the path to local dominance and global stardom . 邦戈马芬 (Bongo Maffin) 和 Wizkid 这样的音乐人来说, 手机为他们铺平了称霸当地 和全球出名的道路。
Bongo:n.羚羊的一种;小手鼓; paved:v.(用砖石)铺(地);(pave的过去分词和过去式) dominance:n.优势;统治;支配; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; stardom:n.演员们;明星界;明星身份;
And the impact isn't limited just to music. 影响不仅限于音乐,
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
It extends to film, too. 也延伸到电影。
extends:v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;延长;使延期;(extend的第三人称单数)
Beautiful, engaging films like these stills of "Pumzi," 美丽、迷人的电影, 像《Pumzi》、
engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
'"Vaya," and "I Am Not A Witch" show. 《Vaya》和《你才女巫,你全家都女巫》。
For while its external image might be dated, 尽管非洲的外部形象可能过时,
external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的;
Africa continues to evolve , as does African film. 但非洲仍在继续演变, 非洲的电影也是。
evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;
Now, every now and again, the rest of the world catches on, perhaps with Djo Munga's hard-hitting " Viva Riva!" 每隔一段时间, 世界其他各地追赶上来, 也许是道·格蒙加 (Djo Munga) 的强片 《Viva Riva！》,
hard-hitting:adj.用力打击的;能用力打击的; Viva:n.口头测验;int.万岁(表示祝愿或赞成的欢呼声);
with Newton Aduaka's intense "Ezra," 牛顿·阿杜卡 (Newton Aduaka) 的 战争片 《Ezra》,
Newton:n.牛顿(英国科学家);牛顿(力的单位); intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的;
or with Abderrahmane Sissako's poetic " Timbuktu ." 或阿伯德拉马纳·希萨柯 (Abderrahmane Sissako) 诗意的《Timbuktu》。
poetic:adj.诗的,诗歌的;诗意的;诗人的;n.诗学,诗论; Timbuktu:n.遥远的地方;
With mobile, Africans are discovering more and more of these films, and what that means is that it really matters less in Kinshasa or Cotonou what Cannes thinks of African film, or if those opinions are informed or fair. 有了手机,非洲人越来越看得到 这些电影,也就意味着 对于住在金夏沙或柯多努的人而言, （注:刚果的首都和贝南的大城） 坎城影展对非洲电影的看法, 他们的看法是否公平, 或者他们在不在状况内并不重要。
Cannes:n.戛纳(法国港市); informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式)
Who really cares what the "New York Times" thinks? 谁管《纽约时报》怎么写？
What matters is that Africans are validating African art and ideas, both critically and commercially , that they are watching what they want, and that African filmmakers are connecting with their core audiences. 重要的是,非洲人 正验证着非洲的艺术和想法, 批判性和商業性地验证; 他们看他们想要看的电影, 而非洲电影制片人 与核心观众联系在一起。
validating:n.确认;adj.确认的;有效的;v.验证(validate的ing形式);确认; critically:adv.精密地;危急地;批评性地;用钻研眼光地; commercially:adv.商业上;通商上; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
And this is important. 这很重要。
It's important because film can illuminate and inspire . 这很重要,因为电影能照亮和启发,
illuminate:照明;照亮;照射;解释;使容光焕发; inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
Film can bring visions of the future to us here in the present. 电影能为我们的今天 带来未来的愿景。
visions:n.愿景; v.想像;
Films can serve as a conveyor belt for hope. 电影可以充当希望的传送带,
conveyor:n.输送机,[机]传送机;传送带;运送者,传播者; belt:n.皮带;腰带;传动带;传送带;v.猛击;狠打;飞奔;飞驰;
And film can change perspectives faster than we can build roads. 电影改变视角的速度 能比我们开路还要快。
In just over a decade, 十多年来,
Nigeria's film industry, Africa's largest, has taken the country's words and languages into the vocabulary and imaginations of millions in many other African countries. 奈及利亚的电影業 是非洲最大的电影产業, 它将该国的文字和语言 带入许多非洲其他国家 数百万人的词彙和想像中。
It has torn down borders, perhaps in the most effective way since the Berlin Conference sowed linguistic and geographic division across Africa. 它已经拆除了边界, 也许是自柏林会议以来 最有效的方式, 散播在非洲各语言和地理的区域里。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; Conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) sowed:v.播撒(sow的ed形式); linguistic:adj.语言的;语言学的; geographic:adj.地理的;地理学的; division:n.师;分配;分开;分歧;
Film does speak a universal language, and boy, Nigerian film speaks it loudly. 电影讲的确实是一种普遍的语言, 奈及利亚的电影大声说话。
universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;
Making Africa's hundred-year leap will require that Africans summon the creativity to generate ideas and find the openness to accept and adapt ideas from anywhere else in the world to solve our pervasive problems. 要实现非洲的百年跨越 需要非洲人唤起创造力、产生想法, 以开放的态度接受和调整 来自世界各地的想法, 解决我们普遍存在的问题。
summon:v.召唤;召集;鼓起;振作; generate:v.产生;引起; openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真; adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应; pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的;
With focus on investment , films can help drive that change in Africa's people, a change that is necessary to make the hundred-year leap, a change that will help create a prosperous Africa, an Africa that is dramatically better than it is today. 以投资为重点, 电影可以幫助推动非洲人民的变化, 这是实现百年跨越的必要变革, 这变化将有助于创造繁榮的非洲, 造出远比现在好得多的非洲。
investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; prosperous:adj.繁荣的;兴旺的; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
Thank you. 谢谢。
Asante sana. Asante sana (谢谢)。
(Applause) （掌声）