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DavidRothkopf_2015-_美国的政治是如何被恐惧所支配_
What I'd like to do is talk to you a little bit about fear and the cost of fear and the age of fear from which we are now emerging . 今天我想跟大家谈谈恐惧 用手机获取了卫星图像,这些图像曾经只掌握在超级大国手中。 还有我们（美国）从中兴起的那个恐怖的年代。
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词)
I would like you to feel comfortable with my doing that by letting you know that I know something about fear and anxiety . 在我演讲的过程中,我并不想让大家感觉不适 因此我想告诉大家,关于恐惧和焦虑我是有发言权的。
anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事;
I'm a Jewish guy from New Jersey. 因为我是一个来自新泽西州的犹太人。
Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I could worry before I could walk. 我在会走路之前就已经学会了担忧。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Please, applaud that. 请给点掌声吧。
applaud:v.欢呼;赞成;
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
But I also grew up in a time where there was something to fear. 我成长于一个充满恐怖的时代。
We were brought out in the hall when I was a little kid and taught how to put our coats over our heads to protect us from global thermonuclear war. 在我小的时候,我曾被带到一个大厅 有人教我如何将外套套在头上 以保护我们躲过全球核战争的打击。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; thermonuclear:adj.[核]热核的;高热原子核反应的;
Now even my seven-year-old brain knew that wasn't going to work. 当然,尽管我当时只有七岁,也知道那并没什么用。
But I also knew that global thermonuclear war was something to be concerned with . 但我也知道 全球核战争并不是无稽之谈。
concerned with:关心;涉及;忙于;与…有关;
And yet, despite the fact that we lived for 50 years with the threat of such a war, the response of our government and of our society was to do wonderful things. 尽管在核战阴云下,我们生活了 长达50年, 但我们的政府和社会为了应对核战威胁 却做了不少好事。
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
We created the space program in response to that. 我们发展了太空技术。
in response to:响应;回答;对…有反应;
We built our highway system in response to that. 修建了高速公路。
We created the Internet in response to that. 发明了互联网。
So sometimes fear can produce a constructive response. 因此,恐惧有时候能激发正能量。
constructive:adj.建设性的;推定的;构造上的;有助益的;
But sometimes it can produce an un-constructive response. 针对所有国家,
On September 11, 2001, 19 guys took over four airplanes and flew them into a couple of buildings. 2001年9月11日, 19个人劫持了4架飞机 撞击了几幢大楼。
airplanes:n.(美)[航]飞机(airplane的复数);
They exacted a horrible toll . 他们付出了可怕的代价。
horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, toll:n.伤亡人数; v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟); (尤指)鸣(丧钟);
It is not for us to minimize what that toll was. 我们并不是要把这代价降到最低。
minimize:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要;
But the response that we had was clearly disproportionate -- disproportionate to the point of verging on the unhinged . 但我们做出的回应显然是过激了—— 过激到近乎疯狂的地步。
disproportionate:adj.不成比例的;不成比例地; verging:vi.濒临,接近;处在边缘;n.边缘; unhinged:adj.精神错乱的;
We rearranged the national security apparatus of the United States and of many governments to address a threat that, at the time that those attacks took place, was quite limited . 我们重组了美国的国家安全机构, 其他许多政府也同样做了, 目的是针对恐怖袭击发生时,可能存在的威胁 而实际上这种威胁很有限。
rearranged:vt.重新排列;重新整理; apparatus:n.装置,设备;仪器;器官; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
In fact, according to our intelligence services, on September 11, 2001, there were 100 members of core Al-Qaeda . 事实上,根据情报部门的数据, 在2001年9月11日, “基地组织”的核心成员有100人。
according to:根据,据说; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; Al-Qaeda:n.基地组织;
There were just a few thousand terrorists. 恐怖分子也才数千人。
They posed an existential threat to no one. 他们对任何人的威胁,远未到生死存亡 的程度。
posed:v.造成;引起;产生;提问;质询;摆好姿势;(pose的过去分词和过去式) existential:adj.存在主义的;有关存在的;存在判断的;
But we rearranged our entire national security apparatus in the most sweeping way since the end of the Second World War. 但我们却重组了我们整个国家安全机构, 是二战以来规模最大、程度最深的一次。
sweeping:n.扫除; adj.影响广泛的; v.打扫; (sweep的现在分词)
We launched two wars. 我们发动了两场战争。
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词)
We spent trillions of dollars. 花费了数万亿美元。
trillions:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
We suspended our values. 丢弃了我们的价值观。
suspended:v.悬;挂;吊;暂停;中止;(suspend的过去式和过去分词)
We violated international law. 违反了国际法。
violated:v.违反,违背(法律、协议等); (violate的过去分词和过去式)
We embraced torture . 我们滥用私刑。
embraced:v.拥抱;欣然接受,乐意采纳;信奉;包含;(embrace的过去分词和过去式) torture:v.折磨;拷问;歪曲;n.折磨;拷问;歪曲;
We embraced the idea that if these 19 guys could do this, anybody could do it. 我们坚信 如果这19个人能犯下如此罪行,那么任何人都可能。
And therefore, for the first time in history, we were seeing everybody as a threat. 因此,史无前例的, 我们将任何人都视作威胁。
And what was the result of that? 结果怎么样呢？
Surveillance programs that listened in on the emails and phone calls of entire countries -- hundreds of millions of people -- setting aside whether those countries were our allies , setting aside what our interests were. 我们监控电子邮件和电话 针对所有国家, 针对数以亿计的人, 无论这些国家是不是我们的盟友, 也无论这么做是不是符合我们的利益。
Surveillance:n.监督;监视; allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数)
I would argue that 15 years later, since today there are more terrorists, more terrorist attacks, more terrorist casualties -- this by the count of the U.S. State Department -- 我认为,15年过去了, 恐怖分子反倒越来越多, 恐怖袭击越来越多,造成的伤亡越来越大, ——这是美国国务院统计的结果——
casualties:n.伤亡;人员伤亡(casualty的复数); State Department:n.(美国)国务院;
since today the region from which those attacks emanate is more unstable than at any time in its history, since the Flood, perhaps, we have not succeeded in our response. 恐怖袭击的发源地区 处于有史以来最不稳定的时期, 即便从大洪水时代开始算起, 我们此次的应对并不成功。
region:n.地区;范围;部位; emanate:vt.放射(过去式emanated,过去分词emanated,现在分词emanating,第三人称单数emanates,形容词emanative); vi.发出; unstable:adj.不稳定的;变化莫测的;(行为、情绪)反复无常的
Now you have to ask, where did we go wrong? 你肯定会问,那我们错在哪里？
What did we do? What was the mistake that was made? 我们做错了什么？具体犯了哪些错误？
And you might say, well look, Washington is a dysfunctional place. 也许你会说,你看,华盛顿正在失去话语权。
dysfunctional:机能失调的,功能障碍的;
There are political food fights. 充斥着政治斗争。
We've turned our discourse into a cage match. 我们的竞选辩论成为了笼中摔跤赛。
discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲;vi.演说;谈论;讲述;vt.说出;演奏出;
And that's true. 的确如此。
But there are bigger problems, believe it or not, than that dysfunction, even though I would argue that dysfunction that makes it impossible to get anything done 无论你信不信,还有比华盛顿失权更严重的问题, 尽管我坚信, 这种失权会导致我们这个世界上最富裕最强大的国家
in the richest and most powerful country in the world is far more dangerous than anything that a group like ISIS could do, because it stops us in our tracks and it keeps us from progress. 无法做成任何事情, 而这种危害比“伊拉克和沙姆伊斯兰国”这种组织造成的危害要大得多, 因为它会让我们偏离轨道,阻止我们进步。
tracks:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;(track的第三人称单数和复数)
But there are other problems. 然而还有其他问题存在。
And the other problems came from the fact that in Washington and in many capitals right now, we're in a creativity crisis . 这些问题 来源于一个事实,无论是在华盛顿,还是其他国家的首都, 我们都遭遇到了创新危机。
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
In Washington, in think tanks, where people are supposed to be thinking of new ideas, you don't get bold new ideas, because if you offer up a bold new idea, not only are you attacked on Twitter, but you will not get confirmed in a government job. 华盛顿,智库, 本该是大家提出新想法的地方, 然而没有人这么做, 因为一旦你提出个什么新想法, 不但会在推特上被骂得体无完肤, 甚至都没法再在政府部门混下去了。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的;
Because we are reactive to the heightened venom of the political debate , you get governments that have an us-versus-them mentality , tiny groups of people making decisions. 因为我们受竞选政治毒害颇深, 政府部门里派别对立严重, 而做决定的是一小群人。
reactive:adj.反应的;电抗的;反动的; heightened:v.(使)加强,提高,增加;(heighten的过去式和过去分词) venom:n.毒液;恶意;vt.使有毒;放毒; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; mentality:n.心态;[心理]智力;精神力;头脑作用;
When you sit in a room with a small group of people making decisions, what do you get? 当你和一小撮人一起做决策的时候, 会发生什么？
You get groupthink . 你会陷入“团体迷思”的怪圈。
groupthink:n.(研究小组,董事会等对某个问题的)集体处理;集体审议;
Everybody has the same worldview , and any view from outside of the group is seen as a threat. （这个小团体中）每个人的世界观都一样,
worldview:n.世界观;
That's a danger. 这很危险。
You also have processes that become reactive to news cycles. 你也会有一个对新的想法和环境反应的一个过程。
processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
And so the parts of the U.S. government that do foresight , that look forward , that do strategy -- the parts in other governments that do this -- can't do it, because they're reacting to the news cycle. 因此美国政府中那些需要做预测,需要向前看的部门, 战略部门—— 包括其他国家政府中有这项职能的部门 — 不能如此行事, 因为一旦他们开始进入新循环。
foresight:n.先见,远见;预见;深谋远虑; look forward:向前看;期待;曲协盼望;盼望;朝前展望; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; reacting:v.起反应;(对…)作出反应;回应;(react的现在分词)
And so we're not looking ahead. 我们也就无法向前看了。
On 9/11, we had a crisis because we were looking the wrong way. 在“911”事件时,我们经历了危机,因为我们思考的方向有误。
Today we have a crisis because, because of 9/11, we are still looking in the wrong direction, and we know because we see transformational trends on the horizon 而今天我们经历的危机,正是因为在“911”时, 我们的思考方向不对, 我们之所以这样认为是因为我们看到了新的转型趋势
transformational:adj.转换的;改变的;转换生成的; trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) horizon:n.地平线;(欲望、知识或兴趣的)范围;
that are far more important than what we saw on 9/11; far more important than the threat posed by these terrorists; far more important even than the instability that we've got in some areas of the world that are racked by instability today. 而这比我在“911”时看到的更为重要; 比恐怖分子制造的威胁更为重要; 甚至比世界上一些地区的不稳定更为重要, 尽管这些地区动荡不安,饱受摧残。
instability:n.不稳定(性);基础薄弱;不安定; racked:v.使痛苦不堪;使受折磨;(rack的过去分词和过去式)
In fact, the things that we are seeing in those parts of the world may be symptoms . 事实上,发生在这些地区的事件 只是表象。
symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数)
They may be a reaction to bigger trends. 背后可能还隐藏着更大的问题。
reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
And if we are treating the symptom and ignoring the bigger trend, then we've got far bigger problems to deal with. 如果我们只是治标不治本, 我们麻烦只会越来越大。
treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) ignoring:v.忽略,忽视;(ignore的现在分词);
And so what are those trends? 那问题的根源究竟是什么？
Well, to a group like you, the trends are apparent . 当然,对于你们而言, 问题显而易见。
apparent:adj.显然的;表面上的;
We are living at a moment in which the very fabric of human society is being rewoven. 我们生活在一个全新的时代,人类社会基础发生了 翻天覆地的变化。
fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构;
If you saw the cover of The Economist a couple of days ago -- it said that 80 percent of the people on the planet, by the year 2020, would have a smartphone . 如果你还记得几天前出版的《经济学人》的封面—— 说,到2020年,地球上80%的人 将拥有智能手机。
smartphone:n.智能手机;
They would have a small computer connected to the Internet in their pocket. 人人口袋里将有一部连接互联网的小型计算机。
In most of Africa, the cell phone penetration rate is 80 percent. 在非洲大部分地区,手机的普及率为80%。
penetration:n.渗透;突破;侵入;洞察力;
We passed the point last October when there were more mobile cellular devices , SIM cards, out in the world than there were people. 去年10月,我们跨过了一个临界点, 世界上的手机,SIM卡的数量 超过了人类的数量。
mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; cellular:adj.细胞的;多孔的;由细胞组成的;n.移动电话;单元; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
We are within years of a profound moment in our history, when effectively every single human being on the planet is going to be part of a man-made system for the first time, able to touch anyone else -- touch them for good, touch them for ill. 我们正在经历人类历史中非常重要的一段时期, 那就是地球上的每一个人类, 破天荒第一次,能够成为一个人造系统的一部分, 有能力能联系上任何一个人—— 无论这种联系是好是坏。
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; man-made:adj.人造的;人工的;合成的;
And the changes associated with that are changing the very nature of every aspect of governance and life on the planet in ways that our leaders ought to be thinking about, when they're thinking about these immediate threats. 随之而来的变化改变了 统治阶级和老百姓生活的方方面面。 领导者们不得不考虑, 这会不会成为一种直接威胁。
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; governance:n.管理;统治;支配;
On the security side, we've come out of a Cold War in which it was too costly to fight a nuclear war, and so we didn't, to a period that I call Cool War, cyber war, where the costs of conflict are actually so low, that we may never stop. 从安全角度来看, 我们躲过了冷战,因为核战争成本太高, 但我们没法躲过 我称之为“次冷战”,网络战, 发动它们的成本很低,我们肯定会一直这么干下去。
costly:adj.昂贵的;代价高的; cyber:adj.网络的,计算机的; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
We may enter a period of constant warfare , and we know this because we've been in it for several years. 我们可能会进入一段连续作战的时期, 我们之所以这么肯定,因为我们已经开始好多年了。
warfare:n.战争;冲突;
And yet, we don't have the basic doctrines to guide us in this regard. 然而,我们缺乏基本的理论引导,
doctrines:主义;学说;教义;信条(doctrine的复数);
We don't have the basic ideas formulated . 没有成型的战法可以参考。
formulated:v.制订;规划;准备;确切表达;(formulate的过去分词和过去式)
If someone attacks us with a cyber attack, do have the ability to respond with a kinetic attack? 如果我们遭受网络攻击, 我们有能力进行反击吗？
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; kinetic:adj.[力]运动的;活跃的;
We don't know. 谁也不知道。
If somebody launches a cyber attack, how do we deter them? 如果有人发起网络攻击,我们如何阻止？
launches:n.汽艇(launch的复数);v.[航]发射;下水;投入(launch的单三形式); deter:v.阻止;制止;威慑;使不敢;
When China launched a series of cyber attacks, what did the U.S. government do? 当中国发起一系列网络攻击时, 美国政府是怎么应对的？
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书;
It said, we're going to indict a few of these Chinese guys, who are never coming to America. 据说,我们会起诉这几个中国人, 而这些人永远不会来美国。
indict:vt.控告,起诉;[法]揭发;
They're never going to be anywhere near a law enforcement officer who's going to take them into custody . 他们才不会跑到美国警察局 来束手就擒呢。
enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制; custody:n.保管;监护;拘留;抚养权;
It's a gesture -- it's not a deterrent . （起诉）只是一种形式,并不是威慑。
gesture:n.手势;姿势;示意动作;表示;v.做手势;用手势表示; deterrent:adj.遏制的,威慑的;制止的;n.威慑;妨碍物;挽留的事物;
Special forces operators out there in the field today discover that small groups of insurgents with cell phones have access to satellite imagery that once only superpowers had. 今天在外执勤的特种部队队员 发现一小群叛乱分子 用手机获取了卫星图像,这些图像曾经只掌握在超级大国手中。
insurgents:n.叛乱分子(insurgent的复数); imagery:n.像;意象;比喻;形象化; superpowers:n.超级大国;超能力;超级强权;(superpower的复数形式)
In fact, if you've got a cell phone, you've got access to power that a superpower didn't have, and would have highly classified 10 years ago. 实际上,只要你手机在手, 你就拥有了超级大国都不曾拥有的力量, 掌握那些在十年前还属于高度机密的信息。
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; classified:adj.机密的; v.将…分类; (classify的过去分词和过去式)
In my cell phone, I have an app that tells me where every plane in the world is, and its altitude , and its speed, and what kind of aircraft it is, and where it's going and where it's landing. 我的手机有一个程序, 能显示地球上每一架飞机的位置、航向、速度 飞机的型号, 目的地是哪里,将在哪里降落。
altitude:n.海拔;海拔高度;高程;(海拔高的)高处; aircraft:n.飞机,航空器;
They have apps that allow them to know what their adversary is about to do. 他们（恐怖分子）只要安装了程序, 就能知道自己的对手下一步的行动。
adversary:n.对手;敌手; is about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将;
They're using these tools in new ways. 他们（恐怖分子）找到了使用这些工具的新方法。
When a cafe in Sydney was taken over by a terrorist, he went in with a rifle ... 一名恐怖分子占领了悉尼的一家咖啡馆, 带着一支步枪
rifle:n.步枪;来复枪;v.快速搜寻;匆忙翻找;偷窃;盗取;
and an iPad. 和一个iPad。
And the weapon was the iPad. 而iPad才是武器。
Because he captured people, he terrorized them, he pointed the iPad at them, and then he took the video and he put it on the Internet, and he took over the world's media . 因为他挟持人质,恐吓他们, 将iPad对准他们, 录下视频并传到网上, 从而攻陷了全世界的媒体。
captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词) terrorized:v.恐吓;恫吓;威胁;(terrorize的过去分词和过去式) media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
But it doesn't just affect the security side. 然而这不仅仅对安全产生了影响。
The relations between great powers -- we thought we were past the bipolar era . （也影响了）大国间的关系—— 我们本以为两极世界已经结束。
bipolar:adj.有两极的,双极的; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代;
We thought we were in a unipolar world, where all the big issues were resolved . 我们本以为我们进入了单极世界, 所有大问题都已经解决了。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) resolved:adj.下定决心; v.解决; (resolve的过去分词和过去式)
Remember? It was the end of history. 还记得吗？那段历史已经结束。
But we're not. 然而并非如此。
We're now seeing that our basic assumptions about the Internet -- that it was going to connect us, weave society together -- are not necessarily true. 我们现在对于网络的基本假设－－ 它可以和整个社会和我们连结在一起－－ 已经不见的是对的了。
assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数) weave:v.编,织;(用…)编成;编造(故事等);n.织法;编法;编织式样; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
In countries like China, you have the Great Firewall of China. 像中国这种国家,他们拥有《长城防火墙》。
Firewall:n.防火墙;vt.用作防火墙;
You've got countries saying no, if the Internet happens within our borders we control it within our borders. 你会看到一些国家,说我们不允许各种网络在国界里肆意妄为。 我们要在国界内对其加以控制。
We control the content . We are going to control our security. 我们要控制它的内容。我们要保证我们的安全。
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
We are going to manage that Internet. 我们要管好网络。
We are going to say what can be on it. 我们要决定我们自己扮演的是什么角色。
We're going to set a different set of rules. 我们要设定一些不同的规则。
Now you might think, well, that's just China. 现在你可能在想,嗯,那只是中国。
But it's not just China. 其实不止是中国。
It's China, India, Russia. 中国,印度,俄罗斯,
It's Saudi Arabia , it's Singapore, it's Brazil . 沙特阿拉伯,新加坡,巴西。
Saudi:adj.沙乌地阿拉伯(人或语)的;n.沙乌地阿拉伯人; Arabia:n.阿拉伯半岛(亚洲西南部,等于ArabianPeninsula); Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
After the NSA scandal , the Russians, the Chinese, the Indians, the Brazilians, they said, let's create a new Internet backbone , because we can't be dependent on this other one. 在国家安全局的丑闻后,俄罗斯人,中国人,印度人,巴西人, 他们都说要创造自己的网络构架, 因为不能再信任别人的系统。
scandal:n.丑闻;流言蜚语;诽谤;公愤; backbone:n.支柱;主干网;决心,毅力;脊椎; dependent on:依赖于;依靠;
And so all of a sudden , what do you have? 所以一瞬间,你还有些什么？
all of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地;
You have a new bipolar world in which cyber-internationalism, our belief, is challenged by cyber-nationalism, another belief. 你有一个新的强权对立的世界, 在这种网络国际主义的环境下, 我们的信念, 受到网络民族主义的挑战。 另一种信念。
We are seeing these changes everywhere we look. 我们到处都可以看到这些改变。
We are seeing the advent of mobile money. 我们看到可流动货币出现
advent:n.到来;出现;基督降临;基督降临节;
It's happening in the places you wouldn't expect. 在你想不到的地方。
It's happening in Kenya and Tanzania, where millions of people who haven't had access to financial services now conduct all those services on their phones. 它发生在肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚。 那里有上百万人没有机会使用金融服务, 现在却可以在他们手机上享受这些服务。
financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; conduct:v.实施;执行;表现;引导;n.举止;管理方法;经营方式;实施办法;
There are 2.5 million people who don't have financial service access that are going to get it soon. 所以2500万无法使用金融服务的人, 很快都能用上了。
A billion of them are going to have the ability to access it on their cell phone soon. 有十亿人很快的将得以透过手机 获得这个服务。
It's not just going to give them the ability to bank. 这不只让他们可以开户存款,
It's going to change what monetary policy is. 已将改变货币政策,
monetary:adj.货币的;财政的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
It's going to change what money is. 和货币本身。
Education is changing in the same way. 教育也在以同样的方式改变着。
Healthcare is changing in the same way. 医疗也是。
Healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健;
How government services are delivered is changing in the same way. 政府服务也在改变着。
And yet, in Washington, we are debating whether to call the terrorist group that has taken over Syria and Iraq 但是在华盛顿,我们还在争论 要称呼控制叙利亚和伊拉克的恐怖组织
debating:v.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑;思考;盘算;(debate的现在分词) Syria:n.叙利亚共和国;
ISIS or ISIL or Islamic State. ISIS还是ISIL还是伊斯兰国。
Islamic:adj.穆斯林的;
We are trying to determine how much we want to give in a negotiation with the Iranians on a nuclear deal which deals with the technologies of 50 years ago, 我们还在试着决定 在和伊朗的核能交易谈判中 针对这项五十年前的技术到底要付多少。
determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; negotiation:n.谈判;转让;顺利的通过; Iranians:n.伊朗人(Iranian的复数形式); technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
when in fact, we know that the Iranians right now are engaged in cyber war with us and we're ignoring it, partially because businesses are not willing to talk about the attacks that are being waged on them. 就在我们知道伊朗人事实上正忙着和我们进行网络战的时候。 我们忽略了这个,一部分原因是商界不希望 去谈论它们所受到的影响。
engaged in:从事于;忙于; partially:adv.部分地;偏袒地; waged:adj.有职业的;有工作的;支付工资的;v.进行;开始(wage的过去分词);
And that gets us to another breakdown that's crucial , and another breakdown that couldn't be more important to a group like this, because the growth of America and real American national security 而这为我们带来了另一次分离崩解, 这是决定性的, 对我们这样的群体而言,没有比这个更重要的事情, 因为美国的发展以及真正的国家安全
breakdown:n.分解;损坏;分类;(关系)破裂;adj.专门修理故障的; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的;
and all of the things that drove progress even during the Cold War, was a public-private partnership between science, technology and government that began when Thomas Jefferson sat alone in his laboratory inventing new things. 以及能让我们在冷战中得以进步的东西, 就是在科学,科技和政治之间,政府和民间的合作, 是由坐在实验室的 独自发明着东西的托马斯杰斐逊开始。
partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; laboratory:n.实验室,研究室;
But it was the canals and railroads and telegraph; it was radar and the Internet. 是运河,铁路,电报; 是雷达和网络。
radar:n.雷达;
It was Tang , the breakfast drink -- probably not the most important of those developments. 是果珍－－那种早餐饮料－－ 可能不是最重要的项目。
Tang:n.特性; vt.使声尖锐; vi.发出铿锵声;
But what you had was a partnership and a dialogue, and the dialogue has broken down. 但我们曾有的合作和对话, 现在已经瓦解。
It's broken down because in Washington, less government is considered more. 因为在华盛顿, 人们认为政府介入越少越好,
It's broken down because there is, believe it or not, in Washington, a war on science -- despite the fact that in all of human history, every time anyone has waged a war on science, science has won. 因为,不管你信不信 在华盛顿,竟然还有人和科学宣战－－ 尽管事实上在所有人类历史中, 若有任何人向科学宣战, 科学都会获得最后的胜利。
(Applause) （掌声）
But we have a government that doesn't want to listen, that doesn't have people at the highest levels that understand this. 但是我们有个不愿意倾听的政府, 不愿意让最高层的人, 去了解这些。
In the nuclear age, when there were people in senior national security jobs, they were expected to speak throw-weight. 在核武器时代, 那些在国家安全部门任职的人们, 被期待去谈论导弹负荷。
senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人;
They were expected to know the lingo , the vocabulary. 大家期待他们能够用听不懂的行话。
lingo:n.行话;术语;隐语;
If you went to the highest level of the U.S. government now and said, "Talk to me about cyber, about neuroscience , about the things that are going to change the world of tomorrow," 现在如果你到美国政府最高层 和他们说“跟我谈谈网络,跟我谈谈神经学 谈谈即将改变未来世界的事情。”
neuroscience:n.神经系统科学(指神经病学,神经化学等);
you'd get a blank stare . 你会得到一个白眼。
stare:v.凝视;盯着看;注视;n.凝视;
I know, because when I wrote this book, 我之所以知道这个,因为我写这本书的时候,
I talked to 150 people, many from the science and tech side, who felt like they were being shunted off to the kids' table. 我曾和来自各类科学领域的150名专家对谈, 他们都觉得自己被分配到儿童桌。
shunted:adj.分流的;v.使移开(shunt的过去式);
Meanwhile , on the tech side, we have lots of wonderful people creating wonderful things, but they started in garages and they didn't need the government and they don't want the government. 与此同时,在科技领域, 很多很棒的人在制作很棒的东西, 但是他们是从车库开始的－不需要政府, 他们不想要政府。
Meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时; garages:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;vt.把…送入车库;
Many of them have a political view that's somewhere between libertarian and anarchic : leave me alone . 很多人有一个政治思想, 在自由派和无政府派之间: 别打扰我。
libertarian:adj.自由的;自由论者的;持自由论的;n.自由意志主义者;行动自由论者; anarchic:adj.无政府的;无政府主义的;无法无天的; leave me alone:走开;别理我;别管我;
But the world's coming apart. 但是世界正在崩溃。
All of a sudden, there are going to be massive regulatory changes and massive issues associated with conflict and massive issues associated with security and privacy . 突然之间,即将会有很大范围的管理改变 巨大的冲突、 巨大的安全与隐私隐患。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; regulatory:adj.管理的;控制的;调整的; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
And we haven't even gotten to the next set of issues, which are philosophical issues. 我们甚至还没提到下一个问题: 哲学问题。
philosophical:adj.哲学的(等于philosophic);冷静的;
If you can't vote, if you can't have a job, if you can't bank, if you can't get health care , if you can't be educated without Internet access, is Internet access a fundamental right that should be written into constitutions ? 如果你在没有网络的情况下不能投票,工作, 做金融,用医保, 接受教育, 那么网络连接不应该被写进宪法的基本权利吗？
health care:n.卫生保健; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; constitutions:构成;
If Internet access is a fundamental right, is electricity access for the 1.2 billion who don't have access to electricity a fundamental right? 如果网络是权力, 那么对于1.2亿没有电用的人口来说, 电力供应是个基本权利吗？
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
These are fundamental issues. Where are the philosophers ? 这些都是基础问题。哲学家在哪里？
philosophers:n.哲学家(philosopher的复数);
Where's the dialogue? 对话在哪里？
And that brings me to the reason that I'm here. 这些是我今天来的原因,
I live in Washington. Pity me. 我住在华盛顿,可怜可怜我吧。
(Laughter)
The dialogue isn't happening there. 在那里并没有对话发生。
These big issues that will change the world, change national security, change economics, create hope, create threats, can only be resolved when you bring together 这些会改变世界, 改变国家安全,经济, 创造机会,制造威胁的重大议题, 只有在你将懂科学,科技
groups of people who understand science and technology back together with government. 的群体聚集在一起恢复和政府的合作时, 才能解决。
Both sides need each other. 互相需要。
And until we recreate that connection, until we do what helped America grow and helped other countries grow, then we are going to grow ever more vulnerable . 唯有在我们重新建立联系, 做一些可以帮助美国和其他国家成长的事情后, 我们才不会越来越脆弱。
recreate:vt.再现;再创造 vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
The risks associated with 9/11 will not be measured in terms of lives lost by terror attacks or buildings destroyed or trillions of dollars spent. 911所带来的风险 不会被以伤亡而衡量 或者被摧毁的大楼或者几亿的资产损失。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
They'll be measured in terms of the costs of our distraction from critical issues and our inability to get together scientists, technologists , government leaders, 而是被以让我们从重要事务上分心所造成的代价而衡量。 以及无法聚集起来 科学家,科技学家和政府领导人－－
distraction:n.注意力分散;消遣;心烦意乱; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; inability:n.无能力;无才能; get together:聚会 technologists:n.技术人员(technologist的复数);[劳经]技术专家;
at a moment of transformation akin to the beginning of the Renaissance , akin to the beginning of the major transformational eras that have happened on Earth, 在这样的转变下,类似于文艺复兴的开端的时刻, 类似于地球上许多 重要事情的开端。
akin:adj.类似的;同类的;同族的; Renaissance:n.文艺复兴(欧洲14至17世纪); eras:n.[天]纪元,时代;年代(era的复数形式);
and start coming up with, if not the right answers, then at least the right questions. 我们要有一些答案,如果不是正确的答案, 或者至少想到正确的问题。
We are not there yet, but discussions like this and groups like you are the places where those questions can be formulated and posed. 我们还没有做到这点, 但是像这样的讨论,这样的观众, 是这些问题得以被提及的地方。
And that's why I believe that groups like TED, discussions like this around the planet, are the place where the future of foreign policy, of economic policy, of social policy, of philosophy , will ultimately take place . 这就是为什么我相信像TED演讲的地方, 地球上类似这样进行讨论的场合, 是外交政策,经济政策, 社会政策,哲学思想的未来。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; take place:发生;举行;
And that's why it's been a pleasure speaking to you. 这就是为什么和你们交流这么愉快。
Thank you very, very much. 非常,非常感谢。
(Applause) （掌声）