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DavidMiliband_2017-_难民危机是对人格的考验_
I'm going to speak to you about the global refugee crisis and my aim is to show you that this crisis is manageable , not unsolvable , but also show you that this is as much about us and who we are as it is a trial of the refugees on the front line . 今天谈的是全球难民危机的问题。 我想让各位知道, 这危机是可解决的, 而非无计可施。 也让各位知道这关乎我们, 以及我们是谁。 这是对于前线难民的试验。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; manageable:adj.易管理的;易控制的;易办的; unsolvable:adj.不能解决的;不能溶解的; refugees:n.避难者;逃亡者;难民;(refugee的复数) on the front line:在第一线;唱片名;
For me, this is not just a professional obligation , because I run an NGO supporting refugees and displaced people around the world. 对我来说,这不只是种职業义务, 只因我在非营利机构支援, 并安置在世界各处的难民。
professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; obligation:n.义务;责任;职责;(已承诺的或法律等规定的)义务; displaced:v.取代;替代;置换;迫使(某人)离开家园;转移;(displace的过去式和过去分词)
It's personal . 这与个人切身相关。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
I love this picture. 我很爱这张照片。
That really handsome guy on the right, that's not me. 右边那个很帅的男生, 不是我。
That's my dad, Ralph , in London, in 1940 with his father Samuel. 那是我父亲雷夫, 1940 年在伦敦拍的。 旁边是他父亲撒姆尔。
Ralph:v.呕吐;
They were Jewish refugees from Belgium. 他们是比利时的犹太难民,
Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的;
They fled the day the Nazis invaded . 在纳粹入侵当天逃走。
fled:v.迅速离开;逃避,逃跑;(flee的过去分词和过去式) Nazis:n.纳粹;纳粹党人(nazi的复数); invaded:v.入侵;拥入;遍布(invade的过去分词);adj.被侵入的;
And I love this picture, too. 我也很爱这张照片。
It's a group of refugee children arriving in England in 1946 from Poland . 这是一群难民孩子, 1946 年从波兰迁到英国。
Poland:n.波兰(欧洲国家);
And in the middle is my mother, Marion . 中间那位是我母亲玛丽安,
Marion:n.马里恩;玛丽恩;[女名]女子名;[男名]男子名;
She was sent to start a new life in a new country on her own at the age of 12. 为了有新人生,她被送走, 到了一个新国家, 而且是独自一人, 在 12 岁时。
I know this: if Britain had not admitted refugees in the 1940s, 我知道 要是英国在 1940 年代 拒绝难民,
I certainly would not be here today. 我今天就不会站在这里了。
Yet 70 years on, the wheel has come full circle . 但 70 年后,时代巨轮转了回来,
wheel:车轮,转动 come full circle:绕了一圈;"come/gofullcircle"的变体;周而复始;回到原地;兜了一圈;
The sound is of walls being built, vengeful political rhetoric , humanitarian values and principles on fire in the very countries that 70 years ago said never again to statelessness and hopelessness for the victims of war. 那些筑起高墙的声音、 充满报复性的政治语言, 受到挑战的人道价值观以及原则, 出现在 70 年前 对战争受害者宣告 不会再无家可归的国家。
vengeful:adj.复仇的,报复的;复仇心重的; rhetoric:n.修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻;adj.花言巧语的; humanitarian:adj.人道主义的;博爱的;基督凡人论的;n.人道主义者;基督凡人论者; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) statelessness:n.无国籍;不属任何国家(stateless的名词形式); hopelessness:n.绝望,无望;不抱希望;
Last year, every minute, 24 more people were displaced from their homes by conflict , violence and persecution : another chemical weapon attack in Syria , the Taliban on the rampage in Afghanistan , girls driven from their school in northeast Nigeria by Boko Haram . 去年的每一分钟, 至少有 24 人 因着冲突、暴力与迫害 被迫离开家乡: 叙利亚发生另一起化武攻击、 塔利班在阿富汗横行、 奈及利亚东北部的激进组织 「博科圣地」将女孩逐出学校。
conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; persecution:n.迫害;烦扰; chemical weapon:n.化学武器; Syria:n.叙利亚共和国; Taliban:塔利班; rampage:n.暴怒;暴跳;乱闹;vi.狂暴;乱闹;发怒; Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲); northeast:adj.东北的;来自东北的;n.东北;adv.向东北;来自东北; Boko:n.鼻子; Haram:n.女眷;闺房;
These are not people moving to another country to get a better life. 这些人移到另一个城市 不是为了过更好的生活,
They're fleeing for their lives. 而是为了活命。
fleeing:v.迅速离开;逃避,逃跑;(flee的现在分词)
It's a real tragedy that the world's most famous refugee can't come to speak to you here today. 这是真正的悲剧。 世上最有名的难民 今天无法在这和你们对话。
tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;
Many of you will know this picture. 你们大多看过这张照片。
It shows the lifeless body of five-year-old Alan Kurdi, a Syrian refugee who died in the Mediterranean in 2015. 这是具无生命的身体, 是五岁的艾伦．庫尔迪, 一名 2015 年死于 地中海的叙利亚难民,
lifeless:adj.无生命的;死气沉沉的;无趣味的; Syrian:adj.叙利亚的;叙利亚人的;叙利亚语的;n.叙利亚人;叙利亚语; Mediterranean:n.地中海;adj.地中海的;
He died alongside 3,700 others trying to get to Europe. 身边还有 3700 名难民 试图逃到欧洲。
The next year, 2016, 5,000 people died. 隔年,2016 年, 5000 人死亡。
It's too late for them, but it's not too late for millions of others. 对他们来说一切都太迟了, 但对其他数以百万的难民还不迟。
It's not too late for people like Frederick. 对像费得列克 这样的人来说还不算晚。
I met him in the Nyarugusu refugee camp in Tanzania. 我在坦尚尼亚的 尼亚鲁古苏难民营认识他。
He's from Burundi. 他从蒲隆地来,
He wanted to know where could he complete his studies. 想知道自己可以在哪里完成学業。
He'd done 11 years of schooling. He wanted a 12th year. 他已经读了十一年的书, 也想继续读下去。
He said to me, "I pray that my days do not end here in this refugee camp." 他告诉我:「我向神呼求, 我不想死在这里, 死在这个难民营。」
And it's not too late for Halud. 对哈鲁德来说也不算迟。
Her parents were Palestinian refugees living in the Yarmouk refugee camp outside Damascus. 她的父母是巴勒斯坦难民, 住在大马士革外的雅尔矛克难民营。
Palestinian:adj.巴勒斯坦的;巴勒斯坦人的;n.巴勒斯坦人;
She was born to refugee parents, and now she's a refugee herself in Lebanon . 她是难民的孩子, 如今也成为黎巴嫩的难民。
Lebanon:n.黎巴嫩(西南亚国家,位于地中海东岸);
She's working for the International Rescue Committee to help other refugees, but she has no certainty at all about her future, where it is or what it holds. 她在国际救援委员会 幫忙其他难民, 但对于自己的未来, 她没有任何把握, 像是未来在哪里,或未来有什么。
Rescue:n.救援;抢救;营救;获救;v.抢救;营救;援救; Committee:n.委员会; certainty:n.必然;确实;确实的事情;
This talk is about Frederick, about Halud and about millions like them: why they're displaced, how they survive, what help they need and what our responsibilities are. 这场演讲是关于费得列克, 关于哈鲁德, 以及无数名和他们一样的难民: 关于他们为何迁移、 如何生存、需要什么幫助, 以及我们的责任。
I truly believe this, that the biggest question in the 21st century concerns our duty to strangers. 我真心认为, 21 世纪最大的问题 在于我们对陌生人的责任。
concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式);
The future "you" is about your duties to strangers. 未来的「你们」,是关乎 你们对于陌生人的责任。
You know better than anyone, the world is more connected than ever before, yet the great danger is that we're consumed by our divisions . 各位比其他人更清楚, 这个世界的连结比从前紧密得多, 但更大的危机在于 我们都被分歧这事消耗掉了。
consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式) divisions:n.分开;分隔;分配;除(法);不和;差异;(division的复数)
And there is no better test of that than how we treat refugees. 从我们对待难民的态度 最能看出问题所在。
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
Here are the facts: 65 million people displaced from their homes by violence and persecution last year. 事实是,去年有六千五百万人 因为暴力及迫害被迫离开家,
If it was a country, that would be the 21st largest country in the world. 假如这些人组成一个国家, 将会是 21 世纪世界最大的国家。
Most of those people, about 40 million, stay within their own home country, but 25 million are refugees. 这群人中,约四千万人待在祖国, 但其中二千五百万名是难民。
That means they cross a border into a neighboring state. 这表示他们跨越国界到邻国。
neighboring:adj.邻近的;接壤的;v.邻近;使接近;位于…附近;(neighbor的现在分词)
Most of them are living in poor countries, relatively poor or lower-middle-income countries, like Lebanon, where Halud is living. 他们大多住在贫困国家, 相对贫困或中低收入国家, 例如黎巴嫩, 哈鲁德的居住地。
relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地;
In Lebanon, one in four people is a refugee, a quarter of the whole population. 在黎巴嫩, 每四人就有一人是难民, 是全数人口的四分之一。
And refugees stay for a long time. 而且难民会待很长的时间。
The average length of displacement is 10 years. 他们流离失所的平均时间 是 10 年。
displacement:n.取代,位移;[船]排水量;
I went to what was the world's largest refugee camp, in eastern Kenya. 我去过肯亚东部世界最大的难民营,
eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒;
It's called Dadaab. 它叫达达布,
It was built in 1991-92 as a " temporary camp" for Somalis fleeing the civil war. 在 1991 到 1992 间成立, 作为索马利亚人 逃离内战的「短暂营区」。
temporary:adj.暂时的,临时的;n.临时工,临时雇员; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的;
I met Silo . 我遇见西萝,
Silo:n.筒仓;青贮窖;飞弹发射井;vt.把…存入青贮窖;把…储存在筒仓内;
And na?vely I said to Silo, "Do you think you'll ever go home to Somalia?" 并且很天真地问她: 「妳觉得自己可能回到 索马利亚的家吗？」
And she said, "What do you mean, go home? 她说:「你说回家是什么意思？
I was born here." 我就是在这里出生的。」
And then when I asked the camp management how many of the 330,000 people in that camp were born there, they gave me the answer: 100,000. 然后我问营区的管理员, 33 万人中有多少人 是在那里出生的。 他们的答案是 10 万。
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
That's what long-term displacement means. 这是长期流离失所真正的意思。
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
Now, the causes of this are deep: weak states that can't support their own people, an international political system weaker than at any time since 1945 注意,这个现象的成因很深层: 较弱势的国家无法支持人民、 国际政治系统 也处于 1945 年以来最糟的状况,
and differences over theology , governance , engagement with the outside world in significant parts of the Muslim world. 加上穆斯林世界主要地区的 神学观、统治方式 及相处模式和外界有极大不同。
theology:n.神学;宗教体系; governance:n.管理;统治;支配; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物;
Now, those are long-term, generational challenges. 这些都是长期且普遍的挑战。
generational:adj.一代的;生育的;
That's why I say that this refugee crisis is a trend and not a blip . 所以我认为难民危机是种趋势, 而非暂时性变动。
trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; blip:n.(在雷达屏幕显示出的)物体光点;
And it's complex , and when you have big, large, long-term, complex problems, people think nothing can be done. 而当人们遇到庞大、长期 且复杂的问题时, 就会认为无计可施了。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
When Pope Francis went to Lampedusa, off the coast of Italy, in 2014, he accused all of us and the global population of what he called "the globalization of indifference ." 教宗方济各到兰佩杜萨岛时, 2014 年在义大利海岸边 控诉我们和全球人民 犯了他所谓「冷漠全球化」的罪。
Pope:n.教皇,罗马教皇;权威,大师; accused:v.控告;控诉;谴责;(accuse的过去分词和过去式) globalization:n.全球化; indifference:n.漠不关心;冷淡;不重视;中立;
It's a haunting phrase. 这是个让人难以忘记的词。
It means that our hearts have turned to stone. 意思是我们的心已经变为石头了。
Now, I don't know, you tell me. 我也不知道,请告诉我,
Are you allowed to argue with the Pope, even at a TED conference ? 你们能和教宗争论吗, 甚至是在 TED 会议中？
conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
But I think it's not right. 但我觉得他错了。
I think people do want to make a difference , but they just don't know whether there are any solutions to this crisis. 我认为人们想要改变, 只是不知道有什么办法可以解决。
make a difference:有影响,有关系;
And what I want to tell you today is that though the problems are real, the solutions are real, too. 而我今天要告诉各位的, 就是问题很真实, 但解决方法也很实际。
Solution one: these refugees need to get into work in the countries where they're living, and the countries where they're living need massive economic support. 方法一: 这些难民必须在居住地找到工作, 而这些国家需要庞大的经济支援。
Solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
In Uganda in 2014, they did a study: 80 percent of refugees in the capital city Kampala needed no humanitarian aid because they were working. 2014 年乌干达有份研究显示: 首都康培拉的难民有八成 因为有工作而不需要人道协助。
Uganda:n.乌干达(非洲国家);
They were supported into work. 他们受到支持而能工作。
Solution number two: education for kids is a lifeline , not a luxury , when you're displaced for so long. 解决方案二: 孩童教育是条救命线, 而非一种奢侈, 尤其是被迫离乡这么久。
lifeline:n.生命线;救生索; luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的;
Kids can bounce back when they're given the proper social, emotional support alongside literacy and numeracy . 有适当的社会、情感支援, 孩童就能重新振作, 同时具有识字力及计算能力。
bounce:v.反弹;反射;(使)弹起;n.弹跳;跳动;弹性; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学; numeracy:n.计算能力,识数;
I've seen it for myself. 我曾亲眼见识过。
But half of the world's refugee children of primary school age get no education at all, and three quarters of secondary school age get no education at all. 但世上有一半 已经该上小学的难民孩童 完全没受任何教育; 而该上中学的孩子 有四分之三也没受任何教育。
primary school:小学; three quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三; secondary school:中等学校;
That's crazy. 这太誇张了。
Solution number three: most refugees are in urban areas, in cities, not in camps. 解决方案三: 多数难民都住在都会或城市, 而非难民营。
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
What would you or I want if we were a refugee in a city? 若我们是城市的难民, 你我会想要什么？
We would want money to pay rent or buy clothes. 我们会需要钱来付租金或买衣服。
That is the future of the humanitarian system, or a significant part of it: give people cash so that you boost the power of refugees and you'll help the local economy . 这正是未来人道系统该做的, 或至少是其中很重要的一部分: 给人们现金,提升难民的能力, 同时也会促进当地经济。
boost:n.提高;增长;帮助;激励;v.使增长;使兴旺;偷窃; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
And there's a fourth solution, too, that's controversial but needs to be talked about. 还有第四个方法。 有点争议,但仍需要提出来讨论。
controversial:adj.有争议的;有争论的;
The most vulnerable refugees need to be given a new start and a new life in a new country, including in the West. 最脆弱的难民需要在新的国家 有个新的开始,新的人生。 包括在西方世界。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
The numbers are relatively small, hundreds of thousands, not millions, but the symbolism is huge. 这些难民数量相对较少, 大概数十万人, 但有庞大的象征意义。
symbolism:n.象征,象征主义;符号论;记号;
Now is not the time to be banning refugees, as the Trump administration proposes . 现在不是禁止难民的时候, 就像川普政府提议的那样。
banning:n.禁止;禁令;v.禁止;取缔;限制(ban的ing形式);adj.禁止的; Trump:n.王牌;主牌花色;v.出王牌赢(牌);;赢;胜过;打败; proposes:建议;提议;
It's a time to be embracing people who are victims of terror. 是时候去拥抱那些 身受恐惧所苦的人了。
embracing:n.拥抱;v.拥抱,包含;(embrace的现在分词)
And remember -- 请记得……
(Applause) （掌声）
Remember, anyone who asks you, "Are they properly vetted ?" 记得,如果有人问你: 「他们受过调查了吗？」
vetted:v.审查;仔细检查,审查(内容、质量等);(vet的过去分词和过去式)
that's a really sensible and good question to ask. 这是合情理的好问题。
sensible:adj.明智的; n.可感觉到的东西;
The truth is, refugees arriving for resettlement are more vetted than any other population arriving in our countries. 真相是,要定居的难民 比其他人口受到更多的审查。
resettlement:n.重新安置;
So while it's reasonable to ask the question, it's not reasonable to say that refugee is another word for terrorist. 所以尽管这个问题很合理, 但说难民等于恐怖分子却很不合理。
reasonable:adj.合理的,公道的;通情达理的;
Now, what happens -- 好,那……
(Applause) （掌声）
What happens when refugees can't get work, they can't get their kids into school, they can't get cash, they can't get a legal route to hope? 当这些难民找不到工作、 无法让孩子们就学、 没有钱,也不能指望 合法管道求生,怎么办？
legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送;
What happens is they take risky journeys . 结果就是他们 选择走风险较大的途径。
I went to Lesbos , this beautiful Greek island, two years ago. 两年前我到过美丽的 希腊列斯伏斯岛,
Lesbos:n.莱斯博斯岛(即希腊的米蒂利尼岛);
It's a home to 90,000 people. 那里有 9 万人。
In one year, 500,000 refugees went across the island. 一年内,50 万名难民 途经这座岛屿。
And I want to show you what I saw when I drove across to the north of the island: a pile of life jackets of those who had made it to shore. 我想让你们看看 当时我所看到的景象。 当时我正要开往岛屿北部, 那里堆满了 平安抵达岸上者的救生衣。
pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置;
And when I looked closer, there were small life jackets for children, yellow ones. 而当我看得更仔细时, 发现当中有给孩童的小救生衣, 黄色的。
And I took this picture. 我拍了这张照片。
You probably can't see the writing, but I want to read it for you. 你可能看不到上头的字, 但我想读给你听:
'"Warning: will not protect against drowning ." 「警告:无法保证不溺水。」
protect against:使免受; drowning:v.溺水;淹没;淹死,溺死;浸泡;(drown的现在分词)
So in the 21st century, children are being given life jackets to reach safety in Europe even though those jackets will not save their lives if they fall out of the boat that is taking them there. 所以在 21 世纪, 孩童有救生衣 可以安全抵达欧洲, 即使那些救生衣无法在 他们掉到船外时 拯救他们的性命。
This is not just a crisis, it's a test. 这不只是危机,更是种考验。
It's a test that civilizations have faced down the ages. 这是文明面临的长期考验,
civilizations:n.文明(civilization的复数形式);
It's a test of our humanity . 对人性的考验。
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
It's a test of us in the Western world of who we are and what we stand for. 这要考验在西方世界的我们, 我们是谁,还有我们为何而战。
It's a test of our character, not just our policies . 这在考验我们的人格, 而不仅是政策。
policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
And refugees are a hard case. 而难民问题是个艰难的例子。
They do come from faraway parts of the world. 他们的确来自世界偏远之地、
faraway:adj.遥远的;恍惚的;
They have been through trauma . 曾受过创伤,
trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤;
They're often of a different religion. 通常和我们拥有不同信仰,
Those are precisely the reasons we should be helping refugees, not a reason not to help them. 这正是我们应该幫助难民的原因, 而非不幫助他们的原因。
And it's a reason to help them because of what it says about us. 我们要幫助难民, 因为这会显出我们是怎样的人。
It's revealing of our values. 那透露出我们的价值观。
revealing:adj.暴露的;发人深省的;v.揭示;露出;显示;展示;(reveal的现在分词)
Empathy and altruism are two of the foundations of civilization. 同理及利他主义是文明的两座基石。
Empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; altruism:n.利他;利他主义; foundations:n.基础;地基;基金会;粉底;(foundations是foundation的复数)
Turn that empathy and altruism into action and we live out a basic moral credo . 把同理心和利他主义化为行动, 并活出基本道德信条。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; credo:n.信条,教义;
And in the modern world, we have no excuse. 在当代世界,我们责无旁贷。
We can't say we don't know what's happening in Juba , South Sudan, or Aleppo, Syria. 我们不能说自己不知道 南苏丹的朱巴 或叙利亚的阿勒坡发生什么事。
Juba:n.朱巴舞(一种美国黑人舞);(美国黑人传说中的)鬼魂;
It's there, in our smartphone in our hand. 这些新闻就在我们的手机里, 在我们的手中。
smartphone:n.智能手机;
Ignorance is no excuse at all. 无知不再是藉口。
Ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂;
Fail to help, and we show we have no moral compass at all. 冷眼旁观显示出 我们完全没有道德感。
compass:n.罗盘;指南针;圆规;范围;界限;v.理解;领悟;将…包围;成功办到
It's also revealing about whether we know our own history. 这也透露出我们是否了解自身历史。
The reason that refugees have rights around the world is because of extraordinary Western leadership by statesmen and women after the Second World War that became universal rights. 难民在这个世界有人权, 是因为西方卓越的领导力, 二战后由政治家主导, 因而成为普世权利。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; statesmen:n.政治家; universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;
Trash the protections of refugees, and we trash our own history. 践踏保护难民权利 就等于践踏自己的历史。
Trash:n.垃圾;废物;v.丢弃;修剪树枝;
This is -- 这也……
(Applause) （掌声）
This is also revealing about the power of democracy as a refuge from dictatorship . 这也显示出民主的力量, 作为一种逃离独裁的手段。
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; dictatorship:n.专政;独裁权;独裁者职位;
How many politicians have you heard say, "We believe in the power of our example, not the example of our power." 你们听过多少政客说过: 「我们相信典范的力量, 而非力量的示范」？
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数)
What they mean is what we stand for is more important than the bombs we drop. 意思是为何而战比丢炸弹还重要。
Refugees seeking sanctuary have seen the West as a source of hope and a place of haven . 寻求圣所的难民 知道西方是希望的来源和避难所。
seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词) sanctuary:n.避难所;至圣所;耶路撒冷的神殿; source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; haven:n.避难所;保护区;v.把船开进港;掩护;
Russians, Iranians , 俄国人、伊朗人、
Iranians:n.伊朗人(Iranian的复数形式);
Chinese, Eritreans, Cubans, they've come to the West for safety. 中国人、厄利垂亚人和古巴人 都来西方寻求安全居所。
We throw that away at our peril . 我们冒着风险丢开他们。
peril:n.危险;冒险;vt.危及;置…于险境;
And there's one other thing it reveals about us: whether we have any humility for our own mistakes. 而这透露出一件事情: 我们是否虚心看待自己犯的错误。
reveals:v.揭示;显示;透露;展示;(reveal的第三人称单数) humility:n.谦卑,谦逊;
I'm not one of these people who believes that all the problems in the world are caused by the West. 我和某些人不同, 那些人相信世上所有问题 都由西方世界造成。
They're not. 不是这样的。
But when we make mistakes, we should recognize it. 但如果我们犯错了,就应该察觉到。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
It's not an accident that the country which has taken more refugees than any other, the United States, has taken more refugees from Vietnam than any other country. 某国家接收比其他国家更多的难民, 这不是巧合,例如美国 比其他国家接收更多越南难民。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
It speaks to the history. 它讲述着历史。
But there's more recent history, in Iraq and Afghanistan. 但伊拉克和阿富汗还有更近的历史。
You can't make up for foreign policy errors by humanitarian action, but when you break something, you have a duty to try to help repair it, and that's our duty now. 你无法藉由人道行动 弥补外交政策的失误。 但如果你毁坏某样事物, 就有责任修好它。 而这正是我们现在的责任。
make up for:补偿,弥补; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; repair:v.修理;修补;修缮;补救;n.修理;修补;修缮;
Do you remember at the beginning of the talk, 你记得在这场演讲的开始,
at the beginning of:在…的开始;
I said I wanted to explain that the refugee crisis was manageable, not insoluble ? 我说想解释难民危机 可以解决,而非无计可施吗？
insoluble:adj.不能解决的;[化学]不能溶解的;难以解释的;
That's true. I want you to think in a new way, but I also want you to do things. 这是真的, 你们可以换个方式想想, 但我也希望你们做些什么。
If you're an employer , hire refugees. 如果你是雇主, 雇用难民吧。
employer:n.雇主,老板;
If you're persuaded by the arguments, take on the myths when family or friends or workmates repeat them. 若你被这些论点说服了, 起来打破这些迷思吧, 尤其当家人朋友或同事再次提起时。
persuaded:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的过去式和过去分词) myths:神话;谬见; workmates:n.同事;工友;
If you've got money, give it to charities that make a difference for refugees around the world. 如果你有钱, 捐给幫助世界各地难民的公益团体。
charities:n.慈善机构;宽大(charity的复数);
If you're a citizen, vote for politicians who will put into practice the solutions that I've talked about. 如果你是个公民, 投票给会实践以上解决方案的 政治家吧。
put into practice:实行,实施;落实;
(Applause) （掌声）
The duty to strangers shows itself in small ways and big, prosaic and heroic . 我们对陌生人的责任 显露在 大大小小的地方, 以平凡或非凡的方式出现。
prosaic:adj.平凡的,乏味的;散文体的; heroic:adj.英雄的;英勇的;记叙英雄及其事迹的;夸张的;n.史诗;英勇行为;
In 1942, my aunt and my grandmother were living in Brussels under German occupation . 1942 年, 我阿姨和祖母住在布鲁塞尔, 当时在德国统治之下。
Brussels:n.布鲁塞尔(比利时首都); occupation:n.职业;占领;占用;工作;
They received a summons from the Nazi authorities to go to Brussels Railway Station. 他们接到纳粹当局的命令, 要去布鲁塞尔的火车站。
summons:n.召唤;传票;传唤;召集;vt.唤出;传到;传唤到法院; authorities:n.权力;威权;职权;批准;(authority的复数)
My grandmother immediately thought something was amiss . 祖母立刻察觉事有蹊跷。
amiss:adj.有毛病的,有缺陷的;出差错的;adv.错误地;
She pleaded with her relatives not to go to Brussels Railway Station. 她求她的亲戚 不要去火车站。
pleaded:v.辩护(plead的过去式); relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数)
Her relatives said to her, "If we don't go, if we don't do what we're told, then we're going to be in trouble." 亲戚们告诉她: 「如果我们不去,不遵照命令, 就会惹祸上身。」
You can guess what happened to the relatives who went to Brussels Railway Station. 你们可以猜到去车站的亲戚们 后来怎么了。
They were never seen again. 从此再也没人见过他们。
But my grandmother and my aunt, they went to a small village south of Brussels where they'd been on holiday in the decade before, and they presented themselves at the house of the local farmer, a Catholic farmer called Monsieur Maurice, and they asked him to take them in. 但我的祖母和阿姨 到了一座小村庄, 在布鲁塞尔的南边, 在那之前是她们的度假场所。 她们到一个当地农夫的家里, 一个叫莫瑞斯的天主教农夫。 她们求他收留,
Catholic:adj.天主教的;宽宏大量的;n.天主教徒;罗马天主教; Monsieur:n.(法)先生;绅士;
And he did, and by the end of the war, 17 Jews, I was told, were living in that village. 他答应了。 而在战争结束前 有 17 名犹太人住在那村庄。
And when I was teenager, I asked my aunt, "Can you take me to meet Monsieur Maurice?" 我年轻时问过阿姨: 「你可以带我去看莫瑞斯先生吗？」
And she said, "Yeah, I can. He's still alive. Let's go and see him." 她说:「可以啊, 他还活着,我们去看他吧。」
And so, it must have been '83, '84, we went to see him. 所以大概在 1983 或 1984 年 我们去拜访他。
And I suppose , like only a teenager could, when I met him, he was this white-haired gentleman, 我猜想,就像青少年想得到的那样, 当我见到他时, 他是名头发灰白的绅士。
suppose:v.推断:假定:假设:设想: white-haired:adj.白发的;浅色头发的;受宠爱的;
I said to him, "Why did you do it? 我问他: 「你为什么要这么做？
Why did you take that risk?" 为什么要冒这个险？」
And he looked at me and he shrugged , and he said, in French, "On doit ." 他看着我,耸耸肩, 然后用法语回答: 「On doit.」
shrugged:v.耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎);(shrug的过去分词和过去式) doit:n.荷兰古代小铜币;价值甚微之物;
'"One must." 「我必须。」
It was innate in him. 这是他与生俱来的特质,
innate:adj.先天的;固有的;与生俱来的;
It was natural. 是再自然不过的决定。
And my point to you is it should be natural and innate in us, too. 我的意思是,这对我们 也该是自然而然的决定。
Tell yourself, this refugee crisis is manageable, not unsolvable, and each one of us has a personal responsibility to help make it so. 告诉你自己, 难民危机是可解决的, 而非无计可施。 我们当中的每个人 都有各自的责任要付诸实践,
Because this is about the rescue of us and our values as well as the rescue of refugees and their lives. 因为这关乎挽救我们自身的价值观, 以及拯救难民的生命。
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
Thank you very much indeed. 真的很谢谢你们。
(Applause) （掌声）
Bruno Giussani: David, thank you. David Miliband: Thank you. 布鲁诺:大卫,谢谢你。 大卫:谢谢。
BG: Those are strong suggestions and your call for individual responsibility is very strong as well, but I'm troubled by one thought, and it's this: you mentioned, and these are your words, "extraordinary Western leadership" 布鲁诺:这些都是很有力的建议, 你对个人责任的呼吁也很有力。 但有个想法让我有点困扰, 你刚提到「西方非凡的领导」
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
which led 60-something years ago to the whole discussion about human rights, to the conventions on refugees, etc. etc. 在六十几年前主导 关于人权的讨论、 主导了难民会议等等。
conventions:n.[法]惯例;会议;[计]约定(convention的复数);
That leadership happened after a big trauma and happened in a consensual political space, and now we are in a divisive political space. 这领导权发生在 一个重大的创伤之后, 发生在双方同意成立的政治空间。 如今我们处在一个分歧的政治空间。
consensual:adj.交感的;在双方同意下成立的; divisive:adj.分裂的;区分的;造成不和的;
Actually, refugees have become one of the divisive issues . 事实上,难民本身成为分歧的议题,
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
So where will leadership come from today? 所以现今的领导权从何而来呢？
DM: Well, I think that you're right to say that the leadership forged in war has a different temper and a different tempo and a different outlook than leadership forged in peace. 大卫:嗯,我想你说得没错, 也就是在战时形成的领导权, 拥有不同的性情及节奏、 不同观点, 有别于和平时期形成的领导权。
forged:v.艰苦干成;努力加强;假冒;制作;(forge的过去分词和过去式) temper:n.脾气;情绪;心情;性情;v.使缓和;使温和;使(金属)回火; outlook:n.见解;前景;人生观;可能性;
And so my answer would be the leadership has got to come from below, not from above. 所以我的回答是, 领导权必须来自下层, 而非来自上层。
I mean, a recurring theme of the conference this week has been about the democratization of power. 就像这周不断出现的会议主题 都是关于民主化的力量。
recurring:v.再发生;反复出现;(recur的现在分词) democratization:n.民主化;
And we've got to preserve our own democracies , but we've got to also activate our own democracies. 我们必须保存我们的民主, 但也必须活化民主。
preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品; democracies:民主; activate:vt.刺激;使活动;使活泼;使产生放射性;vi.激活;有活力;
And when people say to me, "There's a backlash against refugees," 当人们告诉我: 「有人强烈反对难民」,
backlash:n.反冲;强烈抵制;vt.强烈反对;发生后冲;
what I say to them is, "No, there's a polarization , and at the moment, those who are fearful are making more noise than those who are proud." 我告诉他们: 「不对,其实有两极的声音, 而此刻 害怕的人 比引以为榮者还要聒噪。」
polarization:n.极化;偏振;两极分化; fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的;
And so my answer to your question is that we will sponsor and encourage and give confidence to leadership when we mobilize ourselves. 所以我的回答是, 我们要付出资助及鼓励, 并在我们总动员时 对领导者有信心。
sponsor:n.赞助商; v.主办; confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; mobilize:v.动员;动员;调动;组织;鼓动;调用;
And I think that when you are in a position of looking for leadership, you have to look inside and mobilize in your own community to try to create conditions for a different kind of settlement. 我觉得如果你想要成为领导者, 就必须看得更深, 并在自己的社群动员, 好创造出不同种安置的居住条件。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
BG: Thank you, David. Thanks for coming to TED. 布鲁诺:大卫,谢谢你来 TED。
(Applause) （掌声）