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DavidKatz_2017S-_意想不到的解决海洋塑料垃圾的方法_
We've had it all wrong. 我们都错了
Everybody. 各位
We've had it all wrong. 我们都彻底搞错了
The very last thing we need to do is clean the ocean. 我们最不需要做的事情 就是清理海洋
Very last. 非常没有必要
Yeah, there is a garbage truck of plastic entering the ocean every minute of every hour of every day. 是的,有一辆卡车装满塑料垃圾 驶向大海 这发生在每一天 每一小时的每一分钟
garbage truck:垃圾车;
And countless birds and animals are dying just from encountering plastic. 不计其数的鸟类和动物 仅仅因为接触塑料就会死亡
countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的; encountering:v.遭遇,遇到;偶然碰到;意外地遇见;(encounter的现在分词)
We are experiencing the fastest rate of extinction ever, and plastic is in the food chain . 动物正以最快的速度灭绝 塑料已经进入了食物链
extinction:n.绝种; food chain:n.食物链;
And I'm still here, standing in front of you, telling you the very last thing we need to do is clean the ocean. 而我还站在这里 告诉大家,我们最不需要做的事情 就是清理海洋
Very last. 完全不需要
If you were to walk into a kitchen, sink overflowing , water spilling all over the floor, soaking into the walls, you had to think fast, you're going to panic; you've got a bucket , a mop or a plunger . 如果你走进厨房 发现水已经涌出水池 地板上到处是水 墙壁也已浸湿 你脑子转的飞快,你可能惊慌起来 你有一个桶、一把拖布和一个搋子
overflowing:adj.过剩的;充满的;v.漫出;溢出;挤满了人;过度延伸;(overflow的现在分词) spilling:v.(使)洒出,泼出,溢出;涌出;(spill的现在分词) soaking:adj.湿透的;湿淋淋的;n.浸湿;浸透;v.浸泡;浸湿;湿透;(soak的现在分词) bucket:n.大桶状物; v.拼命划桨; plunger:n.[机]活塞;潜水者;跳水者;莽撞的人;
What do you do first? 你会先做什么呢？
Why don't we turn off the tap? 为什么不关上水龙头？
It would be pointless to mop or plunge or scoop up the water if we don't turn off the tap first. 如果我们不先关上水龙头 拖地,通下水道或舀水 都是毫无意义的
pointless:adj.无意义的;钝的;不尖的;不得要领的; scoop:n.勺;铲子;一勺(的量);独家新闻;v.用勺儿舀;用铲儿铲;捡起;抢先报道;
Why aren't we doing the same for the ocean? 我们为什么不对海洋也这样做呢？
Even if the Ocean Cleanup project, beach plastic recycling programs or any well-meaning ocean plastic company was a hundred percent successful, it would still be too little, too late. 虽然现在有海洋清理项目 沙滩塑料回收项目 以及其他善意的 处理海洋塑料的公司 这些项目都非常成功 但它们依然力量薄弱,而且出现得太晚
Cleanup:n.清除;暴利;清扫工作;第四防守位置;adj.第四位击球员的; recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用;v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词); well-meaning:adj.善意的;好心的;
We're trending to produce over 300 million ton of plastic this year. 今年人类预计会 产生超过3亿吨塑料
trending:n.[统计]趋势;v.伸向;趋向;(trend的现在分词)
Roughly eight million ton are racing to flow into the ocean to join the estimated 150 million ton already there. 其中,大约800万吨塑料垃圾 会快速流入海洋 而海洋中已经存在约1.5亿吨垃圾
Roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
Reportedly , 80 percent of ocean plastic is coming from those countries that have extreme poverty . 据报道,海洋中80%的塑料 都来自极度贫困的国家
Reportedly:adv.据报道;据传闻; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
And if you live in the grips of poverty concerned , always, about food or shelter or a sense of security, recycling -- it's beyond your realm of imagination . 如果你生活困苦 总是担心吃饭问题 住宿问题 或是人身安全问题 回收垃圾 是件超乎你想象的事
grips:vbl.抓爪; concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) realm:n.领域,范围;王国; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
And that is exactly why 而这个事实
I created the Plastic Bank. 也正是我创办塑料银行的原因
We are the world's largest chain of stores for the ultra-poor, where everything in the store is available to be purchased using plastic garbage. 我们是世界上规模最大的 针对极端贫困人群的连锁商店 商店中的任何物品 都可以通过塑料垃圾进行换购
purchased:v.买;购买;采购;(purchase的过去式和过去分词)
Everything. 所有的物品都可以
School tuition . 例如学费
tuition:n.指导;(尤指大专院校的)学费;
Medical insurance . 医疗保险
insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的;
Wi-Fi , cell phone minutes, power. Wi-Fi、手机通话时长或是电力
Wi-Fi:abbr.无线保真技术(wirelessfidelity);无线上网技术;
Sustainable cooking fuel, high-efficiency stoves. 厨用燃料,节能炉
Sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; high-efficiency:adj.高效的;n.高效;
And we keep wanting to add everything else that the world may need and can't afford . 我们也一直在添加其他商品 这些商品可能是贫困人群 需要但支付不起的东西
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
Our chain of stores in Haiti are more like community centers, where one of our collectors , 我们在海地的连锁商店更像是社区中心 在那里 其中一位垃圾收集者
Haiti:n.海地; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; collectors:n.收藏家;收集者;聚集剂;[电子]集电极(collector的复数);
Lise Nasis, has the opportunity to earn a living by collecting material from door to door, from the streets, from business to business. 丽萨·纳西斯 拥有了维持生计的机会 她挨家挨户 在大街上 去企业里收集塑料材料
earn a living:谋生;活命;
And at the end of her day, she gets to bring the material back to us, where we weigh it, we check it for quality, and we transfer the value into her account. 末了,她将这些材料交给我们 我们对材料进行称重,质量检查 然后将等价的钱转入她的账户
transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移;
Lise now has a steady , reliable source of income. 现在,丽萨拥有一个 稳定可靠的收入来源
steady:adj.稳定的; v.使稳定; v.稳定地; n.关系固定的情侣; reliable:adj.可信赖的;可依靠的;真实可信的;可靠的; source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
And that value we transfer into an online account for her. 我们将这些钱转存到她的网上账户
account for:对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明…的原因;导致;(比例)占;
And because it's a savings account, it becomes an asset that she can borrow against. 由于这是一个储蓄账户 它成了一笔资产 丽萨可以取出使用
savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数) asset:n.资产;优点;有用的东西;有利条件;财产;有价值的人或物;
And because it's online, she has security against robbery , and I think more importantly, she has a new sense of worth. 也因为这是网络账户 她免于受到抢劫等带来的损失 我认为更重要的是 她实现了新的自我价值
robbery:n.盗窃;抢劫;掠夺;
And even the plastic has a new sense of value. 即便是这些塑料 也有了新的价值
Hm.
And that plastic we collect, and we add value to, we sort it, we remove labels , we remove caps. 对于我们收集的塑料 我们同样赋予它们价值 我们将其分类 去掉标签 去掉盖子
labels:n.标签;分类(label的复数形式);v.贴标签于;把…称为(label的三单形式);
We either shred it or we pack it into bales and get it ready for export . 我们或是将其粉碎 或是将其打包准备出口
shred:n.碎片;少量剩余;最少量;破布;v.切成条状;用碎纸机撕毁; bales:n.捆(bale的复数);毛包;v.将…打包(bale的三单形式); export:n.出口;[无线电]呼叫;出口货;输出额;v.出口;排出;adj.输出的;
Now, it's no different than walking over acres of diamonds. 现在,这和走在布满钻石的田野上没什么不同
different than:不同于;
If Lise was to walk over acres of diamonds but there was no store, no bank, no way to use the diamonds, no way to exchange them, they'd be worthless , too. 如果丽萨本在这片田野上 但那里没有商店和银行 没有途径去使用和交易钻石 这些钻石也会毫无价值
exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换; worthless:adj.无价值的;不值钱的;卑微的;
And Lise was widowed after the 2010 Haitian earthquake, left homeless without an income. 在2010年海地地震后 丽萨失去了丈夫 无家可归,身无分文
widowed:adj.寡居的;丧偶的;v.使成寡妇;杀死…的丈夫;(widow的过去式和过去分词); Haitian:adj.海地的;海地人的;n.海地人;海地语;
And as a result of the program, 由于这个项目
as a result:结果;
Lise can afford her two daughters' school tuition and uniforms . 丽萨现在可以承担两个女儿的学费 还有她们的校服
uniforms:n.制服;军服;军人;v.使穿制服;(uniform的复数第三人称单词)
Now, that plastic we sell. 现在,对于这些塑料 我们将其卖出
We sell it to suppliers of great brands like Marks and Spencer, who have commissioned the use of social plastic in their products. 卖给那些知名公司 例如马莎百货 它已安排在生产过程中使用这些社会化塑料
brands:n.品牌;烙印(brand的复数);v.加商标于;铭刻于(brand的第三人称单数); commissioned:adj.受委任的;v.正式委托;任命…为军官;(commission的过去式和过去分词)
Or like Henkel, the German consumer-goods company, who are using social plastic directly into their manufacturing . 再比如汉高公司 它是一家德国消费品公司 它直接在生产中使用社会化塑料
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
We've closed the loop in the circular economy . 我们闭合了 循环经济的最后一环
loop:n.循环;回路;环路;圈;v.使成环;使绕成圈;成环形移动; circular:adj.圆形的; n.(同时送达很多人的)印刷信函(或通知、广告); economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
Now buy shampoo or laundry detergent that has social plastic packaging, and you are indirectly contributing to the extraction of plastic from ocean-bound waterways and alleviating poverty at the same time . 现在,当你在购买洗发水 或者洗衣液之类 一些用社会化塑料包装的商品时 你就间接地 为减少海洋塑料污染 和缓解贫困做出了贡献 一举两得
shampoo:n.洗头水;洗发液;香波;洗涤剂;v.洗头发; laundry:n.洗衣店,洗衣房;要洗的衣服;洗熨;洗好的衣服; detergent:n.清洁剂;去垢剂; indirectly:adv.间接地;不诚实;迂回地; contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词) extraction:n.取出;抽出;拔出;抽出物;出身; waterways:n.水路;水道(waterway的复数);排水沟; alleviating:缓解; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
And that model is completely replicable. 这种模式 完全可以复制
In S?o Paulo, a church sermon encourages parishioners to not just bring offering on Sunday, but the recycling, too. 在圣保罗 教堂的布道鼓励教区居民 不仅要在周日带来献品 同时也要带来回收物品
sermon:n.布道;讲道;冗长的说教; parishioners:n.教区居民;(尤指)教区的教徒;(parishioner的复数)
We then match the church with the poor. 由此我们将教堂和贫困人群联结在一起
Or, I believe more powerfully , we could match a mosque in London with an impoverished church in Cairo . 甚至,我有更大的设想 我们可以将伦敦的清真寺 与开罗贫困的教堂联结起来
powerfully:adv.强大地;强烈地;非常; mosque:n.清真寺; impoverished:adj.穷困的;用尽了的,无创造性的;v.使贫困(impoverish的过去分词); Cairo:开罗(埃及首都)
Or like in Vancouver , with our bottle-deposit program: now any individual or any group can now return their deposit-refundable recyclables , and instead of taking back the cash, they have the opportunity to deposit that value into the account of the poor around the world. 或者比如在温哥华 我们开展了“存瓶子”项目 现在,任何个人 任何组织 都能通过归还那些可回收物品 来收回当时支付的费用 他们并非会将这些利益化为己用 而是有机会将这些钱
Vancouver:n.温哥华(加拿大主要港市); individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; recyclables:adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的; deposit:n.订金; v.放下;
We can now use our recycling to support and create recyclers . 我们现在可以通过回收 支持和产生新的回收者
recyclers:n.[计]反复循环器,[化工]再循环器;
One bottle deposited at home could help extract hundreds around the world. 一个存放在家的瓶子 能够帮助减少全世界成百上千个瓶子
deposited:v.存放;储存;放置(deposit的过去分词);adj.存放的;堆积的;
Or, like Shell , the energy company, who's invested in our plastic-neutral program. 一家能源公司 投资了我们的塑料中和项目
Shell:n.壳;炮弹;壳层;骨架;v.脱壳;剥壳;采集贝壳;用壳体包被;short.shewill; invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式)
Plastic neutrality is like carbon-neutral . 塑料中和类似于碳中和
neutrality:n.中立;中性;中立立场; carbon-neutral:adj.碳平衡的(指碳排放量减低为零,或通过环保措施抵消排放)
But plastic neutrality invests in recycling infrastructure where it doesn't exist. 但塑料中和项目投资的是
invests:v.投资;花费(invest的三单形式); infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
And it provides an incentive for the poor by providing a price increase. 它通过提供更高的价格 来激励穷人
incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的;
Or -- like in the slums of Manila , where the smallest market with a simple scale and a phone can now accept social plastic as a new form of payment by weight, allowing them to serve more people and have their own greater social impact . 或者 例如,马尼拉的贫民窟中 在最小的市场上 用一个秤和手机 就可以接收社会性塑料 作为一种新型的用称重支付的方式 这使得那里的人们能为更多人群提供资源 也使他们自己产生了更大的社会影响
slums:n.贫民,[经]贫民区(slum的复数); v.到贫民窟去; Manila:n.马尼拉麻;马尼拉纸(等于manilla);adj.马尼拉纸制的;马尼拉麻制的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; payment:n.付款;支付;收款;款项;报答; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
And what's common here is that social plastic is money. 这些行动的共同点在于 社会性塑料 就是金钱
Social plastic is money, a globally recognizable and tradable currency that, when used, alleviates poverty and cleans the environment at the same time. 社会性塑料就是金钱啊 它是一种全球认可 并且可用于交易的货币 使用它可以缓解贫困,清洁环境 一举两得
recognizable:adj.可辨认的;可认识的;可承认的; tradable:adj.可贸易的;可买卖的; currency:n.货币;通货; alleviates:v.减轻(痛苦等);(alleviates是alleviate的第三人称单数);
It's not just plastic. 它不仅是塑料
It's not recycled plastic, it's social plastic, a material whose value is transferred through the lives of the people who encounter it, rich and poor. 也不仅是可回收塑料 它是具有社会性质的塑料 这种材料的价值 可以通过它的接触者的生活而实现转移 不论贫富
recycled:n.再生纸;回收站;adj.[环境]回收利用的;可循环再造的; transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式)
Humans have produced over eight trillion kilograms of plastic, most of it still here as waste. 人类已经生产出 超过8万亿千克塑料 其中的大多数仍然以废物的形式存在
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
Eight trillion kilograms. 这8万亿千克
Worth roughly 50 cents a kilo, we're potentially unleashing a four-trillion-dollar value. 以大约每千克50美分的价格估值 我们就潜在地拥有了一笔4千亿美元的财富
potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; unleashing:v.发泄;突然释放;使爆发(unleash的现在分词)
See, I see social plastic as the Bitcoin for the earth -- 因此,我把社会性塑料看成是 地球的比特币
Bitcoin:比特币(电子货币的一种形式,是专为互联网交易而创造的货币);
(Laughter) （笑声）
and available for everyone. 并且每个人都能拥有
Now the entire ecosystem is managed and supported through an online banking platform that provides for the safe, authentic transfer of value globally. 现在,我们的整个生态系统 都通过网络银行平台进行管理和支持 这些网络平台面向全球提供安全可靠的价值转移
ecosystem:n.生态系统; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; authentic:adj.真正的,真实的;可信的;
You can now deposit your recyclables in Vancouver or Berlin, and a family could withdraw building bricks or cell phone minutes in the slums of Manila. 不管是在温哥华或柏林 你提供你的可回收物物品时 在马尼拉贫民窟的一个家庭 可以因此获得 建筑用砖或是手机通话时间
withdraw:v.撤回;提;撤离;停止提供;
Or Lise -- she could deposit recycling at a center in Port-au-Prince , and her mother could withdraw cooking fuel or cash across the city. 再来看丽萨 她在太子港的回收中心提供回收垃圾时 她的母亲可以在城市任何地方 用这些换取厨用燃料或者兑换现金
Port-au-Prince:n.太子港(海地首都);
And the app adds rewards , incentives , group prizes, user rating. 这个应用也添加了回报 奖励 小组奖励 用户排名
rewards:n.[劳经]奖励; v.[劳经]奖赏; incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施;
We've gamified recycling. 我们将回收活动游戏化
We add fun and formality into an informal industry. 我们让这个未成型的产业 变得有趣和正式起来
formality:n.礼节;拘谨;仪式;正式手续; informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的;
We're operating in Haiti and the Philippines . 我们在海地和菲律宾设有运营处
Philippines:n.菲律宾;
We've selected staff and partners for Brazil . 我们为巴西挑选了员工 与合作伙伴
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
And this year, we're committing to India and Ethiopia . 今年 我们承诺进入印度和埃塞俄比亚
committing:v.做出;犯罪或错等;自杀;承诺,保证;(commit的现在分词) Ethiopia:n.埃塞俄比亚;
We're collecting hundreds and hundreds of tons of material. 我们正在收集成百上千吨塑料 我们正在收集成百上千吨塑料
We continue to add partners and customers, and we increase our collection volumes every day. 我们持续增加合作伙伴 扩展更多用户 收集到的塑料数量每天都在增加
volumes:n.卷;体积;容积;大量;(volumes是volume的复数)
Now as a result of our program with Henkel, they've committed to use over 100 million kilograms of material every year. 通过与汉高公司合作项目 他们已承诺每年使用1亿公斤以上的回收塑料 他们已承诺每年使用1亿公斤以上的回收塑料
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式)
That alone will put hundreds of millions of dollars into the hands of the poor in the emerging economies . 仅这一项就可以使 新兴经济体中的贫困人群 获得数亿美元
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
And so now, we can all be a part of the solution and not the pollution. 因此如今 我们所有人 都可以成为解决污染的一员 而不是制造污染的一员
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
And so, OK, maybe cleaning the ocean is futile . 也许清理海洋是无用功
futile:adj.无用的;无效的;没有出息的;琐细的;不重要的;
It might be. 也许真是这样
But preventing ocean plastic could be humanity's richest opportunity. 但是防止海洋遭到塑料污染 也许是人类最宝贵的机会
Thank you. 谢谢大家
(Applause) （掌声）