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DavidGruber_2020-_《我们能学习与抹香鲸对话吗》_-
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| You are about to hear the sounds of the largest-toothed predator on the planet: an animal bigger than a school bus with perhaps the most sophisticated form of communication that has ever existed. |
你即将听到地球上最大的有齿肉食动物的声音。 这种比校车还大的动物, 也许拥有现有的 最复杂的交流方式。 |
| (Video: whale clicking) |
（视频:鲸鱼发出的滴答声） |
| These are the sounds of the mighty sperm whale , a fellow mammal that can dive almost a mile, hold its breath for more than an hour and lives in these amazingly complex , matriarchal societies. |
这是健壮的抹香鲸的声音。 它是一种能下潜 将近一英里的哺乳动物, 能屏住呼吸超过一小时, 并且住在奇迹般复杂的母系社会里。 |
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are about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将; predator:n.[动]捕食者;[动]食肉动物;掠夺者; sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的; mighty:adj.强而有力的;巨大的;非凡的;adv.非常;很;极其; sperm whale:n.抹香鲸; mammal:n.哺乳动物; dive:n.潜水;跳水;俯冲;猛冲;v.猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;[体]跳水(运动); complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; matriarchal:adj.母系氏族的;女家长的;
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| These clicks you heard, called codas , are just a facet of what we know of their communication. |
你所听到的这些滴答声 被称作尾波, 只是我们所知的 它们交流方式的一部分。 |
| We know these animals are communicating, we just don't yet know what they're saying. |
我们知道这些动物在交流, 但只是还不知道它们在说什么。 |
| Project CETI aims to find out. |
CETI项目希望发现这个奥秘。 |
| Over the next five years, our team of AI specialists, roboticists , linguists and marine biologists aim to use the most cutting-edge technologies to make contact with another species , and hopefully communicate back. |
在未来的五年里, 我们团队的AI专家们, 机器专家们,语言学家们, 和海洋生物学家们, 希望用最先进的技术 来和其他物交流, 希望得到回应。 |
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codas:n.结尾部分;终结句;尾声;终曲; facet:n.面;方面;小平面;vt.在…上琢面; roboticists:n.机器人专家; linguists:[语]语言学家(linguist的复数); marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数); cutting-edge technologies:尖端技术; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
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| We believe that by listening deeply to nature, we can change our perspective of ourselves and reshape our relationship with all life on this planet. |
我们相信,通过用心地聆听自然, 我们能改变我们对自身的看法, 并重塑我们与地球上其他生物的关系。 |
| This of course seems like an impossible goal. |
这当然听起来是个不可能实现的目标。 |
| People have been trying to make contact with other animals for hundreds of years. |
数百年里,人们尝试着 和其他动物沟通。 |
| How could we do what others could not, especially given that I'm sitting here on my couch in New York City in the middle of a pandemic and protests ? |
我们如何做到别人做不到的, 特别是当我现在坐在 纽约市里我的沙发上, 在疫情和抗议之中？ |
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perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; reshape:vt.改造;再成形; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; couch:n.睡椅,长沙发;床;卧榻;v.蹲伏,埋伏;躺着; pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病; protests:v.抗议;反对(protest的三单形式);n.抗议(protest的复数);
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| I've spent the last 20 years as a marine biologist and oceanographer , studying the ocean from all different perspectives , from microbes to sharks. |
二十年来我一直是个 海洋生物学家和海洋摄影师, 从不同角度学习着海洋, 包括从微生物到鲨鱼的角度。 |
| I've assembled interdisciplinary teams that have built the first shark-eye camera to see the world from a shark's perspective, and have collaborated with engineers to design robots so gentle that they don't even stress a jellyfish . |
我组织过跨学科的团队, 建造了第一个鲨鱼眼摄像机 来通过鲨鱼的视角看世界, 并且和工程师们合作过 来设计轻柔到不会让水母紧张的机器。 |
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oceanographer:n.海洋学家;海洋研究者; perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式); microbes:n.细菌,[微]微生物;微生物类(microbe的复数形式); assembled:v.聚集;集合;收集;装配;组装;(assemble的过去分词和过去式) interdisciplinary:adj.各学科间的; collaborated:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的过去分词和过去式) jellyfish:n.水母;[无脊椎]海蜇;软弱无能的人;
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| But it wasn't until 2018 when I was on fellowship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study that I realized that perhaps the best way to understand the ocean and its inhabitants |
但直到2018年,当我在 拉德克利夫高等研究所做研究员时, 我才意识到也许理解海洋 和它的居民的最好方式 |
| wasn't just by seeing the world through their eyes, but by listening -- by really, deeply listening. |
不只是通过它们的视角看世界, 而是通过倾听—— 通过真正、用心的聆听。 |
| I became interested in sperm whales when I heard their sounds. |
当我听到抹香鲸的声音时 我开始对它们感兴趣。 |
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fellowship:n.友谊;奖学金;研究员职位; Institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院; Advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) inhabitants:n.居民(inhabitant的复数);
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| They sounded like they were coming from another universe; a siren song being broadcast from the darkest reaches of the sea. |
它们听起来像来自另一个宇宙, 是海洋至黑处传来的海妖的歌声。 |
| These weren't the typical harmonious whale songs that I had been accustomed to . |
这些不是我所习惯的, 鲸鱼典型的和谐歌声。 |
| These sounded more like digital data transfer . |
这些听起来更像电子数据传播声。 |
| We assembled the future Project CETI team and began discussing how to use the most advanced technologies to communicate with whales. |
我们组建了现在的CETI项目团队, 并开始讨论如何使用最先进的技术 来与鲸鱼沟通。 |
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siren:n.汽笛;迷人的女人;歌声动人的女歌手; broadcast:v.广播; n.广播节目; adj.[无线]播音的; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; harmonious:adj.和谐的,和睦的;协调的;悦耳的; accustomed to:习惯于; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移;
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| One of the principal conclusions was that machine learning had a really good chance of understanding the patterns of sperm whale communication. |
主要结论之一是 机器学习有很好的机会 去理解抹香鲸交流的规律。 |
| And the time to apply these technologies was now. |
现在是应用这些技术的时候了。 |
| Cracking the interspecies communication code didn't just seem possible, it almost seemed inevitable . |
破解物种间的通讯密码 不仅看起来有可能实现, 并且几乎是不可避免的。 |
| But how can analyzing patterns help us converse with whales and other animals? |
但是分析规律如何帮助我们与鲸鱼 和其他动物沟通呢？ |
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principal:adj.主要的;资本的;n.首长;校长;资本;当事人; conclusions:n.结论,总结;决定;(conclusion的复数) apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; Cracking:n.破裂;开裂;adj.裂解的;分裂的; interspecies:n.种间(杂种); inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的; analyzing:adj.分析的;v.分析(analyze的现在分词); converse:adj.相反的,逆向的;颠倒的;vi.交谈,谈话;认识;n.逆行,逆向;倒;相反的事物;
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| Well, step one is to understand the elements of sperm whale communication. |
第一步是了解抹香鲸交流的要素。 |
| These codas you heard don't appear to be sentences as we know them, but there's clear structure in how these animals communicate. |
你们听到的这些尾波 不是我们所认为的句子, 但这些动物的交流方式有明确的结构。 |
| Sperm whales send codas back and forth to each other in sequences , and there are regional dialects like British and Australian accents . |
抹香鲸有序地互相发送 尾波, 还有地域方言, 就像英国和澳大利亚的口音。 |
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elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数) structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; back and forth:前后移动的,来回的,反复的; sequences:n.[数][计]序列,顺序;继起的事(sequence的复数形式); regional:adj.地区的;局部的;整个地区的; dialects:n.乡土语言,方言; accents:n.口音;土音;强调;重音;v.着重;强调;突出;(accent的第三人称单数和复数)
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| This is exactly why machine learning is such a powerful tool. |
这就是为什么机器学习 是如此强大的工具。 |
| These approaches analyze patterns in relationship and map meaning to them. |
这些方法分析规律间的关联 并得出意义。 |
| Just a few years ago, scientists used machine learning to translate between two totally unknown human languages. |
就在几年前,科学家们通过机器学习 翻译了两种完全未知的人类语言。 |
| Not by using a Rosetta Stone or a dictionary, but by mapping them on patterns in higher-dimensional space. |
不是用罗塞塔石碑或字典, 而是将它们映射到高维空间的规律中。 |
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approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度; analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse); translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变; Rosetta Stone:n.有助于解释神秘事物(或未知领域)的事物;有启示作用的发现;
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| But for machine learning to work effectively, it needs data -- it needs lots and lots of data. |
但是为了让机器学习有效, 它需要数据—— 它需要非常、非常多的数据。 |
| In the past half-century, marine researchers have painstakingly collected and hand annotated just a few thousand sperm whale vocalizations , but in order to learn sperm whale communication, we'll need to collect millions, if not tens of millions of carefully annotated sperm whale vocalizations correlated with behaviors. |
在过去的半个世纪里, 海洋研究人员煞费苦心地收集 并手工注释了几千种抹香鲸的叫声, 但是为了学习抹香鲸的交流, 我们需要收集数以百万计、 甚至数以千万计 仔细注释的抹香鲸的声音 并和其行为相对应。 |
| We'll do it with noninvasive , autonomous , free-swimming robots, aerial-aquatic drones , bottom-mounted hydrophone arrays and more. |
我们将使用非侵入式、 自主、自由游泳的机器人、 航空-潜水式无人机、 海底水听器阵列 等等。 |
| We'll work with our close partners at the Dominica Sperm Whale Project to cover a 20-square-kilometer area that is frequented by over 25 well-known families of sperm whales. |
我们将与多米尼加 抹香鲸项目的亲密伙伴合作 来覆盖20平方公里, 那里有超过25个着名的 抹香鲸家族经常出没。 |
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painstakingly:adv.煞费苦心地;费力地; annotated:v.给…作注解(或评注);(annotate的过去分词和过去式) vocalizations:n.发声,发音;发声法; noninvasive:adj.非侵袭的;非侵害的; autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的; free-swimming:adj.自由游动的; drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数) hydrophone:n.水诊器;检漏器;水中听音器; Dominica:n.多米尼加岛(拉丁美洲岛屿); frequented:adj.频繁的;时常发生的;惯常的;vt.常到,常去;时常出入于; well-known:adj.著名的;众所周知的;清楚明白的;
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| We're going to put specific focus on the interactions of mothers and calfs, training our machine learning algorithms to learn whale language from the bottom up. |
我们将把重点放在 母亲和幼崽之间的互动上, 来训练我们机器学习算法 从下往上学习鲸鱼的语言。 |
| All this data we'll have sent through a pipeline and analyzed by the Project CETI translation team. |
所有这些数据都是通过管道传输的, 并由CETI项目翻译团队进行分析。 |
| The raw audio and context data will go through our machine learning engine where it's going to be first sorted by structure. |
原始音频和环境数据 将通过我们的机器学习引擎, 在那里它首先要被按结构排序。 |
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specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) analyzed:v.分析(analyze的过去式和过去分词);检讨; audio:adj.声音的;录音的; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
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| The linguistics team will then search for things like syntax and time displacement . |
然后语言学团队 将搜索诸如语法之类的东西 和时间位移。 |
| For example, if we find an event where a whale was talking about something yesterday, that alone would be a major finding, something that has thus far only been shown in humans. |
例如, 如果我们发现一条鲸鱼 在讨论着昨天发生的事情, 光是这个就能成为一个重大发现了, 那是目前为止只在人类中发生的事情。 |
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linguistics:n.语言学; syntax:n.语法;句法;有秩序的排列; displacement:n.取代,位移;[船]排水量;
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| And once we've really mastered listening, we're going to try really carefully to talk back even on the most simplistic level. |
一旦我们真正掌握了聆听, 我们会尝试很小心地回应, 即使在最简单的层面上。 |
| Finally , Project CETI will build an open-source platform where we will make our data sets available to the public, encouraging the global community to come along on this journey for understanding. |
最后,CETI项目 将构建一个开源平台, 我们将在那向公众提供我们的数据集, 鼓励全球社会 都参与进这段理解的旅程中。 |
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simplistic:adj.过分简单化的;过分单纯化的; Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; open-source:adj.(计算机)开放源代码; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
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| These animals could be the most intelligent beings on this planet. |
这些动物可能是 这个星球上最聪明的生物。 |
| They have a neocortex and spindle cells -- structure that in humans control our higher thoughts, emotions , memory, language and love. |
它们有一个新皮层和梭形细胞—— 那是在人类身上控制高级思想的结构, 包括情感、记忆、语言和爱。 |
| And all the platforms that we develop can be cross-applied to other animals: to elephants, birds, primates , dolphins -- essentially any animal. |
我们开发的所有平台 都可以交叉应用于其他动物: 在大象、鸟类、 灵长类、海豚—— 几乎所有动物身上。 |
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intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 neocortex:n.新(大脑)皮质; spindle:n.轴; adj.锭子的,锭子似的; vt.装锭子于; vi.长得细长,变细长; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数) platforms:n.平台; v.把…放在台上; primates:n.灵长类; essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
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| In the late 1960s, our team member, Roger Payne, discovered that whales sing. |
在20世纪60年代末, 我们的团队成员 罗杰·佩恩发现鲸鱼会唱歌。 |
| (Recording: whale singing) |
（录音:鲸鱼歌唱） |
| A finding that sparked the Save the Whales movement led to the end of large-scale whaling and prevented several whale species from extinction just by showing that whales sing. |
这一发现引发了拯救鲸鱼运动, 终结了大规模的捕鲸, 并阻止了一些鲸鱼物种的灭绝。 这光是展示鲸鱼能唱歌就能做到的。 |
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Roger:n.罗杰;[男名]男子名;int.明白;v.与某人性交; sparked:v.点燃,发动(spark的过去式,过去分词);鼓舞; large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的; extinction:n.绝种;
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| Imagine if we could understand what they're saying. |
想象一下如果我们能理解 它们在说什么。 |
| Now is the time to open this larger dialogue. |
现在是开启这一更大对话的时候了。 |
| Now is the time to listen deeply and show these magical animals, and each other, newfound respect. |
现在是时候用心聆听 来向这些神奇的动物, 和彼此, 展示新建立的尊重。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
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newfound:adj.新发现的;新得到的;
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