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DavidGruber_2015Z-_黑暗中荧光的鲨鱼和迷人的海洋生物_
I'm a marine biologist and an explorer-photographer with National Geographic , but I want to share a secret. 我是海洋生物学家及探险摄影师, 为《国家地理》杂志工作, 我想和你们分享一个秘密。
marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; biologist:n.生物学家; Geographic:adj.地理的;地理学的;
This image is totally incorrect, totally incorrect. 这幅图像完全不正确的, 完全是错的。
I see a couple of people crying in the back that I've blown their idea of mermaids . 我看到后面有几个朋友掩脸, 我打破他们对美人鱼的想象。
mermaids:n.(传说中的)美人鱼;(mermaid的复数)
All right, the mermaid is indeed real, but anyone who's gone on a dive will know that the ocean looks more like this. 确实,美人鱼是存在的, 但是,任何潜水的人都知道 海洋看起来更像这个样子。
dive:n.潜水;跳水;俯冲;猛冲;v.猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;[体]跳水(运动);
It's because the ocean is this massive filter , and as soon as you start going underwater , you're going to lose your colors, and it's going to get dark and blue very quickly. 这是因为海洋是一个庞大的过滤器, 并且,一旦你开始在水下面, 你会失去辨别颜色的能力, 一切很快会变成黑色和蓝色。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行; as soon as:一…就; underwater:adj.在水中的;水面下的;adv.在水下;n.水下;
But we're humans -- we're terrestrial mammals . 但我们是人类 ---陆生哺乳动物。
terrestrial:adj.地球的;陆地的,[生物]陆生的;人间的;n.陆地生物;地球上的人; mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数)
And we've got trichromatic vision , so we see in red, green and blue, and we're just complete color addicts . 我们是具有三色视觉, 所以,我们能看到红,绿和蓝色, 我们完全对颜色着迷。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; addicts:有瘾的人;对...入迷的人(addict的复数);
We love eye-popping color, and we try to bring this eye-popping color underwater with us. 我们喜爱令人瞠目的色彩, 并且,我们尝试把这些瞠目的色彩 带到水下面,和我们一起。
eye-popping:adj.使人瞠目的;惊人的;
So there's been a long and sordid history of bringing color underwater, and it starts 88 years ago with Bill Longley and Charles Martin, who were trying to take the first underwater color photograph. 我们有一个漫长和懊丧的,人为把色彩带到水下的历史, 这开始在88年前,Bill Longley和Charles Martin, 他们尝试拍摄第一张水下彩色照片,
sordid:adj.肮脏的;卑鄙的;利欲熏心的;色彩暗淡的;
And they're in there with old-school scuba suits, where you're pumping air down to them, and they've got a pontoon of high-explosive magnesium powder , and the poor people at the surface are not sure 那时,他们穿着老式潜水服,带着水肺, 水面上的人要输送空气给他们。 他们还带了一个易爆的镁粉浮筒, 水上面的人并不知道,
old-school:adj.古老的;古旧的;传统的; scuba:n.水肺;水中呼吸器; pumping:v.用泵输送;涌出;奔流;快速摇动;(pump的现在分词) pontoon:n.浮筒;浮码头;浮舟;驳船;vt.架浮桥于; high-explosive:烈性炸药;高爆炸药;猛炸药; magnesium:n.[化学]镁; powder:n.粉末;细面;扑面粉;美容粉;v.傅粉;抹粉;
when they're going to pull the string when they've got their frame in focus, and -- boom ! -- a pound of high explosives would go off so they could put a little bit of light underwater and get an image like this beautiful hogfish. 他们什么时候找到对焦的目标,就开始拉动细绳, 然后,轰！一声巨响 ----一磅的镁粉爆炸了。 这样,他们就可以把一点光带到水下面, 并且拍到一张美丽的猪头鱼图像。
string:n.字符串; v.悬挂; adj.由弦乐器组成的; frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的; boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的; explosives:n.爆炸物,[化工]炸药;爆炸品(explosive的复数);
I mean, it's a gorgeous image, but this is not real. 这是一张非常漂亮的图像,但这不是真实的。
gorgeous:adj.华丽的,灿烂的;极好的;
They're creating an artificial environment so we can satisfy our own addiction to color. 他们创造了人工环境去拍摄它, 这样,可以满足了我们对颜色的嗜好。
artificial:adj.人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的; satisfy:vt.满足(要求,需要等):使满意:使确信: addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷;
And looking at it the other way, what we've been finding is that instead of bringing color underwater with us, that we've been looking at the blue ocean, and it's a crucible of blue, 看看其他水下拍摄的方法,我们一直在寻找的是 不带人工色彩的方法, 我们一直在观擦蓝色的海洋, 对海洋生物而言,是一种蓝色的考验,
crucible:n.坩埚;严酷的考验;
and these animals living there for millions of years have been evolving all sorts of ways to take in that blue light and give off other colors. 海洋动物在那里生活了数百万年, 一直以各种方式进化,同化海洋的蓝光, 并发出其他的颜色。
evolving:v.(使)逐渐形成,逐渐演变;进化形成;(evolve的现在分词)
And here's just a little sample of what this secret world looks like. 这只是一个小样本,看水下神秘世界的模样。
It's like an underwater light show . 这像一个水下灯光秀。
light show:n.(流行音乐会等的)灯光变幻表演;
(Music) （音乐）
Again, what we're seeing here is blue light hitting this image. 我们这里所看到的是,蓝色光照在珊瑚虫的图像 。
These animals are absorbing the blue light and immediately transforming this light. 这些动物正吸收着蓝光 并立刻转变这种蓝光。
absorbing:adj.引人入胜的;精彩的;v.吸收;吞并;同化;理解;(absorb的现在分词) transforming:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);使改观;(transform的现在分词)
So if you think about it, the ocean is 71 percent of the planet, and blue light can extend down to almost a 1,000 meters. 所以,如果你想想,海洋占地球面积的71%, 海洋的蓝光可以向下延伸几乎1000米。
extend:vt.延伸; vi.延伸;
As we go down underwater, after about 10 meters, all the red is gone. 当我们往下潜水时, 大约潜10米后,所有红色都消失。
So if you see anything under 10 meters that's red, it's an animal transforming and creating its own red. 如果你看到水下10米有红色的东西, 这是一个进化的,让自己变为红色的动物。
This is the largest single monochromatic blue environment on our planet. 海洋是我们的星球上最大,单一的蓝色环境。
monochromatic:adj.单色的;
And my gateway into this world of biofluorescence begins with corals . 我走进这个荧光世界,就从研究珊瑚开始,
corals:n.[无脊椎]珊瑚(coral的复数);
And I want to give a full TED Talk on corals and just how cool these things are. 我想给TED作一次关于珊瑚的演讲, 并让大家知道这些海洋生物是多么棒。
One of the things that they do, one of their miraculous feats , is they produce lots of these fluorescent proteins , fluorescent molecules . 它们做的其中一件事情,一件它们不可思议的功绩, 是它们能生产大量的荧光蛋白, 和荧光分子。
miraculous:adj.不可思议的,奇迹的; feats:n.功勋(feat的复数);特技; fluorescent:adj.荧光的;萤光的;发亮的;n.荧光;日光灯; proteins:n.[生化]蛋白质(protein复数); molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数);
And in this coral, it could be making up to 14 percent of its body mass -- could be this fluorescent protein. 这种珊瑚能够生产一种物质,达到其体重14% --- 这种物质是荧光蛋白 。
So you wouldn't be making, like, 14 percent muscle and not using it, so it's likely doing something that has a functional role. 而人类是不会做这种事,例如,我就就不会创造14%的肌肉但不使用它。 所以说,珊瑚所做的事情具有功能性作用。
muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出; functional:adj.功能的;
And for the last 10, 15 years, this was so special to me, because this molecule has turned out to be one of the most revolutionary tools in biomedical science, and it's allowing us to better see inside ourselves. 在过去10-15年间,对我来说很特别, 因为这种荧光分子变成在生物医学中 最具影响力的工具之一。 并且,它能使我们更看清内部结构。
revolutionary:adj.革命性的;革命的;彻底变革的;n.改革者;革命者; biomedical:adj.生物医学的;
So, how do I study this? 我是如何研究这些呢？
In order to study biofluorescence, we swim at night. 为了研究海洋生物荧光,我们在夜间潜水。
And when I started out, 当我开始时,
I was just using these blue duct-tape filters over my strobe , so I could make sure I'm actually seeing the light that's being transformed by the animals. 我使用这些蓝色管道过滤器,在我前面作为频闪灯光, 所以,我可以确保看到光, 而这种光是由动物转化的。
filters:n.过滤器; v.过滤; (filter的第三人称单数和复数) strobe:n.闸门;闪光灯;频闪观测器;vi.闪光;adj.频闪的(等于stroboscopic); transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式)
We're making an exhibit for the Museum of Natural History , and we're trying to show off how great the fluorescent corals are on the reef , and something happened that just blew me away: this. 我们正在为自然历史博物馆做一个展出, 我们尝试去炫耀,荧光的珊瑚在礁石上是多么漂亮。 然后有一件事发生了,把我吓呆了: 这个
exhibit:v.展览;表现;展出;n.陈列品;(在法庭上出示的)物证; Natural History:n.自然史; reef:礁,礁脉
In the middle of our corals, is this green fluorescent fish. 在珊瑚中间, 是这条绿色的荧光鱼。
It's the first time we've ever seen a green fluorescent fish or any vertebrate for that matter. 这是我们第一次看到一条绿色荧光鱼, 或任何像那样的脊椎动物。
vertebrate:adj.脊椎动物的;有脊椎的;n.脊椎动物;
And we're rubbing our eyes, checking the filters, thinking that somebody's maybe playing a joke on us with the camera, but the eel was real. 我揉搓眼睛还检查过滤器,看是否这是真的, 想着可能有人用相机跟我们开玩笑, 但这条鳗鱼是真的。
rubbing:v.擦;磨;搓;(使)相互摩擦;摩擦;(rub的现在分词)
It was the first green fluorescent eel that we found, and this just changed my trajectory completely. 这是我们发现的第一条绿荧光鳗鱼, 这一发现完全改变了我的工作方向。
trajectory:n.[物]轨道,轨线;[航][军]弹道;
So I had to put down my corals and team up with a fish scientist, John Sparks , and begin a search around the world to see how prevalent this phenomenon is. 我不得不发下我研究的珊瑚, 并和鱼类专家John Sparks合作, 我们开始在世界各地搜寻, 看看这种现象有多么普遍。
team up with:与…合作,与…协作; Sparks:n.(船或飞机上的)无线电通信师; prevalent:adj.流行的;普遍的,广传的; phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
And fish are much more interesting than corals, because they have really advanced vision, and some of the fish even have, the way that I was photographing it, they have lenses in their eyes that would magnify the fluorescence . 而且鱼比珊瑚更有趣, 因为它们有非常好的视觉, 有的鱼甚至展现了在我拍摄它的方式时, 它们眼睛里有晶状体,会放大荧光的效果
advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) lenses:n.透镜;镜片;(眼球的)晶状体;(lens的复数) magnify:vt.放大;赞美;夸大;vi.放大;有放大能力; fluorescence:n.荧光;荧光性;
So I wanted to seek this out further. 所以我想进一步寻找这样的荧光鱼。
seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求;
So we designed a new set of gear and we're scouring the reefs around the world, looking for fluorescent life. 我们设计了一套新用具, 并且在世界各地搜寻礁石, 寻找发荧光的生命。
gear:n.齿轮; v.适合; scouring:v.搜寻,搜查;擦净;冲刷成;(scour的现在分词) reefs:n.礁石(reef的复数形式); v.收帆;
And it's a bit like "E.T. phone home." 这有点像“E.T. （外星人）打电话回家。”
We're out there swimming with this blue light, and we're looking for a response , for animals to be absorbing the light and transferring this back to us. 在水下,我们带着蓝色光潜水, 要寻找海洋动物对这种蓝光的反应, 海洋动物会吸收,并转化这种蓝光反馈给我们。
response:n.响应;反应;回答; transferring:n.[计]转移,传递;v.移动,[计]转移(transfer的现在分词形式);
And eventually , we found our photobombing Kaupichphys eel. 最终我们意外拍摄了Kaupichphys -- 鳗鱼。
eventually:adv.最后,终于;
It's a really shy, reclusive eel that we know almost nothing about. 它非常害羞,我们对这种隐居鳗鱼几乎一无所知。
reclusive:adj.隐居的;隐遁的;
They're only about the size of my finger, and they spend about 99.9 percent of their time hidden under a rock. 它们大约只有我手指的大小, 而且,99.9%的时间它们隐藏在岩石下。
But these eels do come out to mate under full-moon nights, and that full-moon night translates underwater to blue. 但是这些鳗鱼在圆月之夜会出来交配, 在满月的夜晚,水下遍布蓝色。
eels:n.鳗鱼;鳗;鳗鲡;(eel的复数) mate:n.助手,大副; v.使配对;
Perhaps they're using this as a way to see each other, quickly find each other, mate, go back into their hole for the next long stint of time. 也许它们用这种方式看清对方, 彼此很快找到交配对象。 然后它们返回洞穴,为下次长时间的约定而等待。
stint:n.节约;定额,定量;v.节省;限制;紧缩,节省;
But then we started to find other fluorescent marine life, like this green fluorescent bream , with its, like, racing stripes along its head and its nape , 后来,我们又开始找到其他荧光的海洋生物, 像这条绿荧光鳊鱼, 沿着它的头和脖颈,看起来像赛车的条纹,
bream:n.鲤科鱼;欧鳊属淡水鱼;用加热和刮擦的方法清扫船底;vt.打扫; stripes:n.条子布;条纹布(stripe复数形式);v.给…加条纹(stripe的三单形式); nape:n.颈背;项;
and it's almost camouflaged and fluorescing at the same intensity as the fluorescent coral there. 并且,它几乎能伪装自己,发出的荧光的强度 和那里的荧光珊瑚一样。
camouflaged:adj.伪装的;vt.伪装;欺骗(camouflage的过去分词); fluorescing:vi.发荧光; intensity:n.强度;强烈;[电子]亮度;紧张;
After this fish, we were introduced to this red fluorescent scorpionfish cloaked and hidden on this rock. 在找到这些鱼后, 我们又找到这种红荧光蝎子鱼, 这种鱼被遮掩并隐藏在岩石上。
cloaked:vt.遮掩;隐匿;(cloaked是cloak的过去式)
The only time we've ever seen this, it's either on red fluorescent algae or red fluorescent coral. 能见到这种鱼,不是在红荧光藻里, 就是在红荧光珊瑚里。
algae:n.[植]藻类;[植]海藻;
Later, we found this stealthy green fluorescent lizardfish. 后来,我们发现了一种隐身的绿荧光蜥蜴鱼。
stealthy:adj.鬼鬼祟祟的;秘密的;
These lizardfish come in many varieties, and they look almost exactly alike under white light . 这些蜥蜴鱼有许多品种, 在白光下它们看起来几乎一模一样。
white light:n.白光;
But if you look at them under fluorescent light, you see lots of patterns, you can really see the differences among them. 但如果你在荧光灯下看它们, 你能看到许多图样, 你能真正看到它们之间的区别。
And in total -- we just reported this last year -- we found over 200 species of biofluorescent fish. 总共统计下来,我们只是去年才报道这些信息 --- 我们发现了超过200种的荧光鱼。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
One of my inspirations is French artist and biologist Jean Painlevé. 启发我灵感之一的人,是法国艺术家和生物学家Jean Painleve。
He really captures this entrepreneuring, creative spirit in biology . 在生物学中,他真正表现了开拓者创新的精神。
captures:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;争得;(capture的第三人称单数) creative:adj.创造性的; biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
He would design his own gear, make his own cameras, and he was fascinated with the seahorse , Hippocampus erectus , and he filmed for the first time the seahorse giving birth. 他设计自己的装备和相机, 他特别对海马着迷, 他还第一次拍摄了海马生孩子,
seahorse:n.海马; Hippocampus:n.[解剖][脊椎]海马;马头鱼尾怪兽(神话中的一个形象); erectus:adj.直立的;
So this is the male seahorse. 这就是雄性海马。
They were one of the first fish to start swimming upright with their brain above their head. 它们是第一种直立游泳的鱼, 而且它们的大脑在头顶上。
upright:n.立柱;adj.直立的;挺直的;竖直的;垂直的;adv.竖立着;垂直着;
The males give birth, just phenomenal creatures . 雄性海马能生育, 这真是惊人的海洋动物。
phenomenal:adj.现象的;显著的;异常的;能知觉的;惊人的,非凡的; creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数)
So he stayed awake for days. 所以,他好几天一直没睡觉,
He even put this electrical visor on his head that would shock him, so he could capture this moment. 他甚至把这个电动面罩带在头上去震他, 这样他才能捕捉到这让人惊奇的一刻。
electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的; visor:n.遮阳板;面甲;帽舌;vt.(用面具等)遮护;
Now, I wish I could have shown Painlevé the moment where we found biofluorescent seahorses in the exact same species that he was studying. 现在,我希望能显示一下Painleve的发现, 我们找到荧光海马的那瞬间, 实际上,这些海马与他正研究的海马是同品种。
seahorses:n.海马;
And here's our footage . 这是我们的镜头。
footage:n.英尺长度;连续镜头;以尺计算长度;
(Music) （音乐）
They're the most cryptic fish. 它们是最神秘的鱼。
cryptic:adj.神秘的,含义模糊的;[动]隐藏的;
You could be swimming right on top of them and not see the seahorse. 你在它们的正上方游泳,都有可能看不到它们。
They would blend right into the algae, which would also fluoresce red, but they've got great vision, and they go through this long mating ritual , and perhaps they're using it in that effect. 它们会立即混进发红荧光的海藻里, 但它们有非常好的视力, 它们还要经历漫长的交配程序, 也许它们的荧光是发挥这个功能的。
blend:v.混合;融合;加入;相称;n.混合;混合物;混合种;混合色; mating:n.交尾;交配;v.交配;交尾;使交配;(mate的现在分词) ritual:n.仪式;惯例;礼制;adj.仪式的;例行的;礼节性的;
But things got pretty edgy when we found green fluorescence in the stingray, because stingrays are in the Elasmobranch class, which includes ... 但是,有些事情使人紧张, 我们发现绿荧光黄貂鱼, 黄貂鱼属软骨鱼类动物, 软骨鱼类动物包括
edgy:adj.急躁的;尖利的;刀口锐利的; stingrays:n.黄貂鱼(stingray复数);
sharks. 鲨鱼。
So I'm, like, a coral biologist. 我是一个珊瑚生物学家。
Somebody's got to go down and check to see if the sharks are fluorescent. 有人必须潜水去看看鲨鱼是否是荧光的。
And there I am. 这是我。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And I was like, "Maybe I should go back to corals." 我当时想,“也许我该回去研究珊瑚。”
(Laughter) （笑声）
It turns out that these sharks are not fluorescent. 结果发现,这些鲨鱼没有荧光。
And then we found it. 然后,我们找到了
In a deep, dark canyon off the coast of California, we found the first biofluorescent swellshark, right underneath all the surfers . 在加利福利亚海岸一个幽深黑暗的峡谷中, 我们找到第一条荧光swellshark （膨胀鲨鱼）, 在所有冲浪者的下方,
canyon:n.(周围有悬崖峭壁的)峡谷;( underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的; surfers:n.冲浪运动员,乘冲浪板冲浪的人;
Here it is. 这里是。
They're just about a meter long. It's called a swellshark. 它们只有一米左右长,它们叫做膨胀鲨 。
And they call them a swellshark because if they're threatened, they can gulp down water and blow up like an inner tube , about twice their size, and wedge themselves under a rock, so they don't get eaten by a predator . 它们也称自己膨胀鲨,因为如果它们受到威胁时, 它们可以吞咽水,并让身体扩大像一个充气内胎, 大约扩大它们身体的两倍, 并且把自己抵在岩石下,这样,它们不会被捕食者吃掉。
gulp:vt.狼吞虎咽地吃;大口地吸;vi.哽住;喘不过气;n.一大口(尤指液体);吞咽; inner tube:n.(轮胎的)内胎; wedge:vt.楔入;挤进;楔住;vi.楔入;挤进;n.楔子;楔形物;导致分裂的东西; predator:n.[动]捕食者;[动]食肉动物;掠夺者;
And here is our first footage of these biofluorescent swellsharks. 这里,是我们对膨胀鲨鱼拍摄的第一个镜头。
Just magnificent -- I mean, they're showing these distinct patterns, and there are areas that are fluorescent and areas that are not fluorescent, but they've also got these twinkling spots on them that are much brighter than other parts of the shark. 它们显示这些不同的图案,看上去非常华丽, 有的是荧光区,有的不是, 但它们身体上有闪烁的斑点, 看上去比其他地区的鲨鱼要亮得多。
magnificent:adj.高尚的;壮丽的;华丽的;宏伟的; distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的; twinkling:n.瞬间;转眼;一眨眼;一刹那;v.闪烁;闪光,发亮;(twinkle的现在分词)
But this is all beautiful to see. 看这些漂亮的东西真让人赏心悦目,
I was like, this is gorgeous. 我当时想,这真是非常漂亮的海洋生物。
But what does it mean to the shark? 但对鲨鱼来说,这代表什么呢？
Can they see this? 它们能看到这些吗？
And we looked in the literature , and nothing was known about this shark's vision. 我们看文献中, 并没有关于鲨鱼视觉的报道。
literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作;
So I took this shark to eye specialist Ellis Loew at Cornell University, and we found out that this shark sees discretely and acutely in the blue-green interface , 所以,我把这条鲨鱼拿到康奈尔大学的眼科专家Ellis Loew那里。 结果我们发现,这条鲨鱼能敏锐地看东西, 在蓝绿色海水的接合处。
discretely:adv.离散地,分离地; acutely:adv.尖锐地;剧烈地; blue-green:n.蓝绿色; interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接;
probably about 100 times better than we can see in the dark, but they only see blue-green. 它的视觉比我们在黑暗中看东西大约要好100倍, 但它只能看到蓝绿色。
So what it's doing is taking this blue world and it's absorbing the blue, creating green. 它要做的事,就是融合在蓝色世界里, 吸收蓝色,并创建绿色。
It's creating contrast that they can indeed see. 鲨鱼创造的颜色差异,它们的确能看到。
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比;
So we have a model, showing that it creates an ability for them to see all these patterns. 这样,我们有了一个实验模型, 显示鲨鱼创造了一种能力,使它们看到所有这些图案。
And males and females also have, we're finding, distinct patterns among them. 我们发现,男性和女性都拥有这种的能力, 它们之间有不同的图案。
But our last find came really just a few miles from where we are now, in the Solomon Islands. 但是,我们最近发现的鲨鱼,离我们现在所在地方只有几英里, 在所罗门群岛。
Swimming at night, I encountered the first biofluorescent sea turtle . 还有,晚上游泳时我第一次遇到一只荧光海龟。
encountered:v.遭遇,遇到;偶然碰到;意外地遇见;(encounter的过去分词和过去式) sea turtle:[脊椎]海龟;
So now it's going from fish and sharks into reptiles , which, again, this is only one month old, but it shows us that we know almost nothing about this hawksbill turtle's vision. 现在,我的话题从鱼和鲨转到爬行动物了, 这只爬行动物只有一个月, 但我们对它真的一无所知, 关于这只玳瑁海龟的视觉。
reptiles:n.爬行动物(reptile的复数);[脊椎]爬行类;爬虫类;
And it makes me think about how much more there is to learn. 这让我思考,有多少东西是需要学习。
And here in the Solomon Islands, there's only a few thousand breeding females of this species left, and this is one of the hotspots for them. 这里,在所罗门群岛, 这个物种只有几千只繁殖的雌性留下, 繁殖下一代是它们的热点之一。
breeding:n.繁殖;饲养;教养;再生;v.生产;培育;使…繁殖;(breed的现在分词) hotspots:n.热点(hotspot的复数);麻烦地点,热点地区;
So it shows us how much we need to really protect these animals while they're still here, and understand them. 这表明,我们需要好好保护这些动物, 当它们还生存,并了解它们。
In thinking about biofluorescence, 在思考关于荧光生物的话题时,
I wanted to know, how deep does it go? 我想知道,这些生物在海洋中到底有多深？
Does this go all the way to the bottom of the ocean? 是否这种荧光现象一直延伸,到海洋底部呢？
So we started using submarines , and we equipped them with special blue lights on the front here. 所以,我们开始使用潜艇,并配有装备, 在潜艇前面,装备了特殊的蓝光。
submarines:n.潜艇;(submarine的第三人称单数和复数)
And we dropped down, and we noticed one important thing -- that as we get down to 1,000 meters, it drops off. 我们利用潜艇往海洋深处前行, 我们注意到一个重要的事情 --- 当我们下降到1000米, 荧光现象逐渐减少。
get down to:开始认真考虑;着手处理;
There's no biofluorescent marine life down there, below 1,000 meters -- almost nothing, it's just darkness. 在1000米下面,没有荧光的海洋生命 -- 几乎什么都没有,只是黑暗。
So it's mainly a shallow phenomenon. 所以,荧光生物主要是浅水域的现象。
mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地;
And below 1,000 meters, we encountered the bioluminescent zone, where nine out of 10 animals are actually making their own lights and flashing and blinking . 在1000米下面, 我们碰到了荧光生物区, 在那里,十分之九的动物实际上有自己的光, 闪光,和闪烁着。
bioluminescent:adj.生物性发光的; flashing:n.防雨板,盖片; v.闪光; (flash的现在分词) blinking:adv.讨厌,可恶;v.眨眼睛;闪烁;(blink的现在分词)
As I try to get deeper, this is slapping on a one-person submarine suit -- some people call this my "Jacques Cousteau meets Woody Allen" moment. 当我尝试往海洋更深处前行, 我穿着全副武装的潜水服 -- 一些人说,这是我的“海洋探险家（Jacques Cousteau）遇见喜剧家及导演（Woody Allen）”的时刻。
slapping:v.(用手掌)打,拍,掴;随意扔放;(slap的现在分词) one-person:一人;单人住户; Woody:adj.木质的;多树木的;木头似的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But as we explore down here, 但是,当我往下探查,
explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
I was thinking about: How do we interact with life delicately ? 我在想,我们是多么小心翼翼和这些海洋生物沟通呢？
interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息; delicately:adv.微妙地;精致地;优美地;
Because we're entering a new age of exploration , where we have to take great care, and we have to set examples how we explore. 因为我们正进入一个海洋探索新时代, 我们必须非常谨慎, 并且必须树立榜样,如何去探索海洋。
exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术;
So I've teamed up with roboticist Rob Wood at Harvard University, and we've been designing squishy underwater robot fingers, so we can delicately interact with the marine life down there. 我与哈佛大学的机器人专家Rob Wood合作, 我们已经正在设计湿软的水下机器人手指, 这样,我们可以在水下面精密地和海洋生物沟通。
teamed up with:与…合作,与…协作; roboticist:n.机器人专家; Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; squishy:adj.粘糊糊的;湿软的;
The idea is that most of our technologies to explore the deep ocean come from oil and gas and military , who, you know, they're not really caring to be gentle. 人们的想法是用大量技术去探索深海, 为了探索石油,天然气和军事用途, 他们不是真正想保护海洋生物。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
Some corals could be 1,000 years old. 一些珊瑚可能有1000年了。
You don't want to just go and crush them with a big claw . 我们肯定不想人们只是去破坏它们。
crush:v.压碎;弄皱,变形;使…挤入;n.粉碎;迷恋;压榨;拥挤的人群; claw:n.爪;螯,钳;爪形器具;v.用爪抓(或挖);
So my dream is something like this. 我的梦想是这样的。
At night, I'm in a submarine, 在晚上,我在潜艇里,
I have force-feedback gloves, and I could delicately set up a lab in the front of my submarine, where the squishy robot fingers are delicately collecting and putting things in jars, and we can conduct our research. 我有力反应的手套, 我可以精密地在潜艇前面建立一个实验室, 湿软的机器人手指就在那 小心收集样品并放在罐子里, 这样我们就可以进行研究。
conduct:v.实施;执行;表现;引导;n.举止;管理方法;经营方式;实施办法;
Back to the powerful applied applications. 回到强大的应用程序上。
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
Here, you're looking at a living brain that's using the DNA of fluorescent marine creatures, this one from jellyfish and corals, to illuminate the living brain and see its connections. 在这里,你看到一个活脑, 这活脑是使用荧光海洋生物DNA, 这一个来自水母和珊瑚, DNA显示荧光生物的大脑受到启发和连接。
jellyfish:n.水母;[无脊椎]海蜇;软弱无能的人; illuminate:照明;照亮;照射;解释;使容光焕发;
It's funny that we're using RGB just to kind of satisfy our own human intuition , so we can see our brains better. 我们使用RGB（红,绿和蓝色）系统显示很有趣, 只是为了满足人的直觉, 这样,我们可以看到人类大脑更好。
intuition:n.直觉;直觉力;直觉的知识;
And even more mind-blowing , is my close colleague Vincent Pieribone at Yale, who has actually designed and engineered a fluorescent protein that responds to voltage . 另外,给人印象极深刻的 是我耶鲁的亲密同事Vincent Pieribone, 他实际上已经设计制造了一种荧光蛋白, 这种蛋白可以回应电压。
mind-blowing:adj.使兴奋的;引起幻觉的; colleague:n.同事,同僚; Vincent:n.模锻摩擦压力机; responds:v.(口头或书面)回答,回应;作出反应;响应;(respond的第三人称单数) voltage:n.电压;伏特数;
So he could see when a single neuron fires. 所以,他可以看到单个神经元发出信号。
neuron:n.[解剖]神经元,神经单位;
You're essentially looking at a portal into consciousness that was designed by marine creatures. 你基本上现在看到,是神经元发出信号进入意识的状态, 这是由海洋生物创造设计的。
essentially:adv.本质上;本来; portal:n.大门,入口; consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉;
So this brings me all back to perspective and relationship. 所以,这让我从新思考对海洋生物的看法和关系。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
From deep space, our universe looks like a human brain cell, and then here we are in the deep ocean, and we're finding marine creatures and cells that can illuminate the human mind. 从外空看, 我们的宇宙看上去像人脑细胞, 这里,我们是在大海深处, 我们正在找海洋生物和细胞, 这些东西能启发我们的大脑。
And it's my hope that with illuminated minds, we could ponder the overarching interconnectedness of all life, and fathom how much more lies in store if we keep our oceans healthy. 这是我的希望,有了受启发的大脑, 我们可以仔细思考所有生命的相互联系, 并且明白该有多少等待着我们去探索 前提是:我们要保持海洋良好的状态。
illuminated:adj.被照明的;v.照明;启发;兴奋(illuminate的过去分词); ponder:vt.仔细考虑;衡量;vi.考虑;沉思; overarching:adj.首要的;支配一切的;包罗万象的;v.成拱形(overarch的ing形式); interconnectedness:n.互联性; fathom:vt.看穿;彻底了解;测量…的深度;n.英寻(测量水深的长度单位);
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）