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DavidByrne_2010-_建筑如何促进音乐演变_
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| This is the venue where, as a young man, some of the music that I wrote was first performed . |
就是这个地方 那时我还年轻 我的音乐首演就是在这里 |
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venue:n.审判地;犯罪地点;发生地点;集合地点; performed:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好)(perform的过去分词和过去式)
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| It was, remarkably , a pretty good sounding room. |
特别强调一下,这是一个 声音效果非常棒的房间 |
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remarkably:adv.非常;极为;格外;出乎意料地
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| With all the uneven walls and all the crap everywhere, it actually sounded pretty good. |
墙面凹凸不平,到处都是垃圾 它的音效实际上却非常不错 |
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uneven:adj.不均匀的;不平坦的;[数]奇数的; crap:n.废话;废物;屎;拉屎;vi.掷骰子;拉屎;
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| This is a song that was recorded there. |
这首歌就是在那里录制的 |
| (Music) |
（音乐） |
| This is not Talking Heads, in the picture anyway. |
不过照片里的 还不是传声头像（著名摇滚乐队） |
| (Music: "A Clean Break (Let's Work)" by Talking Heads) |
（音乐: A Clean Break (Let*s Work) 传声头像） |
| So the nature of the room meant that words could be understood. |
这房间的结构 让吐字变得易于理解 |
| The lyrics of the songs could be pretty much understood. |
歌词很容易听清 |
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lyrics:n.歌词;抒情诗(lyric的复数);
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| The sound system was kind of decent . |
音响系统相当不错 |
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decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的;
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| And there wasn't a lot of reverberation in the room. |
房间里的混响也不太大 |
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reverberation:n.[声]混响;反射;反响;回响;
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| So the rhythms could be pretty intact too, pretty concise . |
因此旋律 保存得相当完好 相当凝练 |
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rhythms:韵律; intact:adj.完整的;原封不动的;未受损伤的; concise:adj.简明的,简洁的;
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| Other places around the country had similar rooms. |
国内还有很多地方有这样的房间 |
| This is Tootsie's Orchid Lounge in Nashville . |
这是纳什维尔的Tootsie*s Orchid Lounge |
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Orchid:n.兰花;[植]兰科植物;淡紫色;adj.淡紫色的; Lounge:n.休息室;闲逛;躺椅;(英)酒吧间;vi.闲逛;懒洋洋地躺卧;闲混;vt.虚度光阴; Nashville:n.那什维尔(美国田纳西州首府);
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| The music was in some ways different, but in structure and form, very much the same. |
这里的音乐有些不同 但结构和形式 却很相似 |
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structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
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| The clientele behavior was very much the same too. |
客人的行为习惯也很类似 |
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clientele:n.客户;诉讼委托人;
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| And so the bands at Tootsie's or at CBGB's had to play loud enough -- the volume had to be loud enough to overcome people falling down, shouting out and doing whatever else they were doing. |
因此在Tootsie*s和 CBGB（纽约传奇摇滚音乐俱乐部）里表演的乐队 都必须演奏得非常大声—— 音量要大得足以压过 人们跌倒、大吼大叫 或者发出的其他声音 |
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bands:n.乐队;法官; volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本 overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
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| Since then, I've played other places that are much nicer. |
在那以后,我还在其他 更高级的场所表演过 |
| I've played the Disney Hall here and Carnegie Hall and places like that. |
我在这里的迪斯尼音乐厅 或是卡内基音乐厅之类的地方演奏过 |
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Disney:n.迪斯尼(美国动画影片制作家及制片人);
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| And it's been very exciting. |
都是激动人心的经历 |
| But I also noticed that sometimes the music that I had written, or was writing at the time, didn't sound all that great in some of those halls. |
但我也发现,有时候 我之前 或是当时谱写的歌曲 在其中的一些音乐厅 表现得并不理想 |
| We managed, but sometimes those halls didn't seem exactly suited to the music I was making or had made. |
我们尽量做了调整 但有些时候,那些地方 和我创作的音乐 就是显得不太协调 |
| So I asked myself: |
我问自己 |
| Do I write stuff for specific rooms? |
我是不是在为着什么特定的场所 进行创作呢？ |
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stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
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| Do I have a place, a venue, in mind when I write? |
在我创作时,脑海中 是不是有一个地点、一个场所呢？ |
| Is that a kind of model for creativity? |
这算不算是一种创作模式呢？ |
| Do we all make things with a venue, a context , in mind? |
我们创作时是不是 脑海中都有着某个场所、某个情境？ |
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context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
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| Okay, Africa. |
好了,这是非洲 |
| (Music: "Wenlenga" / Various artists) |
（音乐: Wenlenga / 多名艺术家) |
| Most of the popular music that we know now has a big part of its roots in West Africa. |
当今我们所知的大部分流行音乐 有很大一部分是源于西非的 |
| And the music there, |
而这里的音乐 |
| I would say, the instruments , the intricate rhythms, the way it's played, the setting, the context, it's all perfect. It all works perfect. |
要我说,这乐器 这复杂的节奏 演奏的方式,背景,情境 一切都很完美,协调得天衣无缝 |
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instruments:n.器械;仪器;器具;手段(instrument的复数) intricate:adj.复杂的;错综的,缠结的;
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| The music works perfectly in that setting. |
在那种背景下,这样的音乐是完美的 |
| There's no big room to create reverberation and confuse the rhythms. |
没有大房间 制造混响,干扰节奏 |
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confuse:v.混同;使迷惑;使糊涂;使更难于理解;
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| The instruments are loud enough that they can be heard without amplification , etc., etc. |
乐器的声音也够大 即使没有功放之类的设备也能听得一清二楚 |
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amplification:n.[电子]放大(率);扩大;详述;
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| It's no accident. |
这不是偶然的 |
| It's perfect for that particular context. |
这音乐只在特定情境下才表现得如此完美 |
| And it would be a mess in a context like this. This is a gothic cathedral . |
如果改成这样的场所 那就会一团糟。这是一座哥特式大教堂 |
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mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺; gothic:adj.哥特式的;野蛮的;n.哥特式; cathedral:n.大教堂;
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| (Music: "Spem In Alium" by Thomas Tallis) |
（音乐: Spem In Alium 托马斯·塔利斯） |
| In a gothic cathedral, this kind of music is perfect. |
在哥特式大教堂,这类的音乐才是完美的 |
| It doesn't change key, the notes are long, there's almost no rhythm whatsoever , and the room flatters the music. |
不改变音调,音符拖得很长 基本上没有节奏 而这个房间则为音乐锦上添花 |
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whatsoever:pron.无论什么;
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| It actually improves it. |
实际上,它提升了音乐 |
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improves:v.改进;改善;(improve的第三人称单数)
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| This is the room that Bach wrote some of his music for. This is the organ . |
这里是巴赫为其 创作乐曲的地方。这是管风琴 |
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organ:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴;管风琴;嗓音;
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| It's not as big as a gothic cathedral, so he can write things that are a little bit more intricate. |
这里并没有哥特式大教堂那么大 所以他可以创作更繁复的作品 |
| He can, very innovatively , actually change keys without risking huge dissonances. |
他可以标新立异 改变调子 而不会发生不协和和音 |
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innovatively:创新地;独创性地;
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| (Music: " Fantasia On Jesu, Mein Freunde" by Johann S. Bach) |
（音乐: Fantasia On Jesu, Mein Freunde 约翰·S·巴赫） |
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Fantasia:n.幻想曲;集成曲;幻想作品; Mein:pron.(德)我的;
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| This is a little bit later. |
这是晚些时候 |
| This is the kind of rooms that Mozart wrote in. |
类似莫扎特创作时所在的房间 |
| I think we're in like 1770, somewhere around there. |
我想大概是1770年左右的建筑 |
| They're smaller, even less reverberant , so he can write really frilly music that's very intricate -- and it works. |
它们空间更小,混响也更小 所以他能作出可谓华丽的曲子 他的音乐非常繁复——而且效果甚佳 |
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reverberant:adj.回响的;反射的;起回声的; frilly:adj.镶褶边的;多饰边的;
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| (Music: " Sonata in F," KV 13, by Wolfgang A. Mozart) |
（音乐: F小调奏鸣曲 乌夫冈·A·莫扎特） |
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Sonata:n.奏鸣曲;
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| It fits the room perfectly. |
它完美地契合了这个房间 |
| This is La Scala . |
这是斯卡啦剧院（位于意大利米兰） |
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Scala:n.斯卡拉;
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| It's around the same time, |
它和之前的那个房间差不多建造于同一时期 |
| I think it was built around 1776. |
我想大概建于1776年 |
| People in the audience in these opera houses, when they were built, they used to yell out to one another. |
在歌剧院建成的时期 里面的听众常常互相嚷嚷 |
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opera:n.歌剧;歌剧院;歌剧艺术;歌剧剧本;
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| They used to eat, drink and yell out to people on the stage , just like they do at CBGB's and places like that. |
他们经常一边大吃大喝,一边和舞台上的人大喊大叫 就像CBGB这类场所的观众一样 |
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on the stage:在舞台上;现阶段;当演员;
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| If they liked an aria , they would holler and suggest that it be done again as an encore , not at the end of the show, but immediately. |
如果他们喜欢其中一段咏叹调 会大喊着建议 这一段再演一次 不是在演出最后再演一次,而是马上重演 |
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aria:n.咏叹调,独唱曲; holler:vi.发牢骚;叫喊;抱怨;vt.大声叫喊;n.叫喊; encore:n.再演唱的要求;经要求而再唱;vt.要求再演或唱;int.再来一个;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And well, that was an opera experience. |
嗯,那就是看歌剧的经验之谈 |
| This is the opera house that Wagner built for himself. |
这是瓦格纳自己建造的歌剧院 |
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opera house:n.歌剧院;
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| And the size of the room is not that big. |
剧院的规模不是很大 |
| It's smaller than this. |
比这里要小 |
| But Wagner made an innovation . |
但是瓦格纳进行了革新 |
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innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
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| He wanted a bigger band. |
他想要一支更大的乐队 |
| He wanted a little more bombast , so he increased the size of the orchestra pit so he could get more low-end instruments in there. |
多一点浮华的感觉 于是他增加了乐池的面积 这样就可以容纳更多的低音乐器 |
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bombast:n.夸大的言辞;adj.夸大的; orchestra pit:n.乐池; low-end:adj.低档的;廉价的;生产低档产品的;
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| (Music: "Lohengrin / Prelude to Act III" by Richard Wagner) |
（音乐: 罗恩格林/第三幕序曲 理查德·瓦格纳） |
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Prelude:n.前奏; vt.成为…的序幕; vi.作为序曲;
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| Okay. |
好了 |
| This is Carnegie Hall. |
这是卡内基音乐厅 |
| Obviously, this kind of thing became popular. |
这类的建筑显然已经流行起来 |
| The halls got bigger. Carnegie Hall's fair-sized. |
音乐厅规模更大。卡内基音乐厅的大小和集市差不多 |
| It's larger than some of the other symphony halls. |
比一些交响乐厅还大 |
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symphony:n.交响乐;谐声,和声;
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| And they're a lot more reverberant than La Scala. |
那里的混响比 斯卡拉剧院的更大 |
| Around the same, according to Alex Ross who writes for the New Yorker, this kind of rule came into effect that audiences had to be quiet -- no more eating, drinking and yelling at the stage, or gossiping with one another during the show. |
与此同时 根据Alex Ross给《纽约客》所写的文章可以看出 这样的规则孕育而生: 观众必须保持安静 在演出的过程中,不能再吃吃喝喝 向舞台上大喊大叫 或者和别人交头接耳 |
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according to:根据,据说; gossiping:v.传播流言飞语;说三道四;(gossip的现在分词)
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| They had to be very quiet. |
他们必须非常安静 |
| So those two things combined meant that a different kind of music worked best in these kind of halls. |
结合这两件事来看 有一种不同类型的音乐 在这样的音乐厅中效果最好 |
| It meant that there could be extreme dynamics , which there weren't in some of these other kinds of music. |
它可以气势磅礴 这是之前某些 种类的音乐所不具有的 |
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extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; dynamics:n.动力学,力学;
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| Quiet parts could be heard that would have been drowned out by all the gossiping and shouting. |
安静的部分也听得到 虽然很容易被 悄悄话和叫喊声淹没 |
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drowned:v.(使)淹死,溺死;浸透;淹没;浸泡;(drown的过去分词和过去式)
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| But because of the reverberation in those rooms like Carnegie Hall, the music had to be maybe a little less rhythmic and a little more textural . |
但由于混响的关系 在卡内基音乐厅之类的地方 音乐的节奏得稍微降低 质地却稍微提高 |
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rhythmic:adj.[生物]有节奏的(等于rhythmical); n.韵律论(等于rhythmics); textural:adj.组织的;结构的;
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| (Music: "Symphony No. 8 in E Flat Major" by Gustav Mahler) |
（音乐:“降E大调第八交响曲” 古斯塔夫·马勒） |
| This is Mahler. |
这是马勒 |
| It looks like Bob Dylan, but it's Mahler. |
虽然看上去像鲍勃·迪伦,但这确实是马勒 |
| That was Bob's last record, yeah. |
哈,这是鲍勃的最后一张唱片 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Popular music, coming along at the same time . |
流行音乐同时也诞生了 |
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at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
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| This is a jazz band. |
这是一支爵士乐队 |
| According to Scott Joplin, the bands were playing on riverboats and clubs. |
据斯科特·乔普林所说,这支乐队曾经 在游船和夜总会中表演过 |
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riverboats:n.江轮;内河船只;
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| Again, it's noisy. They're playing for dancers. |
这一次的环境又很嘈杂。他们为跳舞的人伴奏 |
| There's certain sections of the song -- the songs had different sections that the dancers really liked. |
有些段落舞者特别喜欢 ——一首歌中有好几个段落 |
| And they'd say, "Play that part again." |
他们会说:“把那部分再演奏一次。” |
| Well, there's only so many times you can play the same section of a song over and over again for the dancers. |
有很多时候 为了满足舞者,你会一次又一次地演奏同一个段落 |
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over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地;
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| So the bands started to improvise new melodies . |
因此,乐队开始即兴创作新的曲子 |
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improvise:v.即兴创作;临时拼凑;临时做; melodies:n.美妙的音乐,歌曲(melody的复数);
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| And a new form of music was born. |
一种音乐的新类型诞生了 |
| (Music: " Royal Garden Blues" by W.C. Handy / Ethel Waters) |
（音乐: 皇家花园蓝调 W.C. Handy / Ethel Waters） |
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Royal:adj.国王的;女王的;皇家的;n.王室成员; Handy:adj.便利的;手边的,就近的;容易取得的;敏捷的;
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| These are played mainly in small rooms. |
爵士乐主要在空间较小的室内演奏 |
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mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地;
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| People are dancing, shouting and drinking. |
人们跳舞、叫喊、畅饮 |
| So the music has to be loud enough to be heard above that. |
所以,音乐的声音必须够大 盖过别的声音 |
| Same thing goes true for -- that's the beginning of the century -- for the whole of 20th-century popular music, whether it's rock or Latin music or whatever. |
有些事情成真了。——那是在这个世纪之初 对整个20世纪的流行音乐来说 无论是摇滚还是拉丁音乐 |
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Latin:adj.拉丁语的;用拉丁语写成的;n.拉丁语;
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| [Live music] doesn't really change that much. |
对音乐的改变都不是很大 |
| It changes about a third of the way into the 20th century, when this became one of the primary venues for music. |
但当它成为音乐的主要媒介之一后 在20世纪的前30年间 流行音乐就发生了很大改变 |
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venues:n.场地,场馆(venue复数形式);犯罪现场,发生地点;
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| And this was one way that the music got there. |
而这是音乐传播到那里的 方法之一 |
| Microphones enabled singers, in particular , and musicians and composers , to completely change the kind of music that they were writing. |
麦克风完全改变了 音乐家、作曲家 特别是歌手 创作的作品 |
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Microphones:n.[电子]麦克风(microphone的复数); enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) in particular:尤其,特别; composers:n.作曲家;作曲者(composer的复数形式);
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| So far, a lot of the stuff that was on the radio was live music, but singers, like Frank Sinatra, could use the mic and do things that they could never do without a microphone. |
迄今为止,收音机上大多播放的都是现场演奏 但有些歌手,比如法兰克·辛纳屈（Frank Sinatra） 可以用麦克风 制造一些 不用麦克风根本无法达到的效果 |
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Frank:adj.坦白的,直率的;老实的;n.免费邮寄特权;v.免费邮寄;
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| Other singers after him went even further. |
在他之后,更有一些歌手 把这种做法发扬光大 |
| (Music: "My Funny Valentine " by Chet Baker) |
（音乐: My Funny Valentine Chet Baker） |
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Valentine:n.情人;情人节礼物;
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| This is Chet Baker . |
这是Chet Baker（著名爵士乐手） |
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Baker:n.面包(糕饼)师傅;面包店老板;
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| And this kind of thing would have been impossible without a microphone. |
这种效果 没有麦克风绝对做不出来 |
| It would have been impossible without recorded music as well. |
如果没有录成唱片,那也无法达到 |
| And he's singing right into your ear. |
他就在你的耳畔歌唱 |
| He's whispering into your ears. |
在你的耳畔低语 |
| The effect is just electric . |
这种效果就像过了电一样 |
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electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的;
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| It's like the guy is sitting next to you, whispering who knows what into your ear. |
仿佛歌手就坐在你的身边 和你说着什么东西 |
| So at this point, music diverged . |
从那个时候起,音乐开始分化 |
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diverged:v.分叉;分歧;相异;偏离;背离;(diverge的过去分词和过去式)
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| There's live music, and there's recorded music. |
既有现场音乐 也有唱片音乐 |
| And they no longer have to be exactly the same. |
它们不再完全相同 |
| Now there's venues like this, a discotheque , and there's jukeboxes in bars, where you don't even need to have a band. |
现在还有迪斯科舞厅这样的地方 在酒吧里也有自动点唱机 这些地方就不需要乐队了 |
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discotheque:n.迪斯科舞厅; jukeboxes:n.自动唱机;
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| There doesn't need to be any live performing musicians whatsoever, and the sound systems are good. |
不需要那些 现场乐队之类的角色 那里的音响不错 |
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performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
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| People began to make music specifically for discos and for those sound systems. |
人们开始专门为迪斯科 和这些音响 创作音乐 |
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specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; discos:n.迪斯科;
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| And, as with jazz, the dancers liked certain sections more than they did others. |
此外,和爵士一样 跳舞的人会特别喜欢 其中一些片段 |
| So the early hip-hop guys would loop certain sections. |
所以早期的嘻哈歌手会来回重复某些段落 |
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hip-hop:n.街舞,即兴音乐;嘻哈; loop:n.循环;回路;环路;圈;v.使成环;使绕成圈;成环形移动;
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| (Music: "Rapper's Delight " by The Sugarhill Gang) |
（音乐: Rapper*s Delight The Sugarhill Gang） |
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Delight:n.高兴;vi.高兴;vt.使高兴;
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| The MC would improvise lyrics in the same way that the jazz players would improvise melodies. |
歌手会即兴创作歌词 就像爵士演奏者会即兴创作曲子一样 |
| And another new form of music was born. |
此外,还诞生了新的音乐模式 |
| Live performance , when it was incredibly successful, ended up in what is probably, acoustically , the worst sounding venues on the planet: sports stadiums , basketball arenas and hockey arenas. |
现场演出,它取得了空前的成功 而它诞生的场所从音响效果上来看 这恐怕是世界上最不适合听音乐的地方了 体育场 篮球场,还有冰球场 |
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performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; acoustically:adv.听觉上;声学上; stadiums:n.体育馆;露天大型运动场(stadium的复数); arenas:n.竞技场(arena的复数形式);角斗场;
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| Musicians who ended up there did the best they could. |
音乐家们尽了最大努力 |
| They wrote what is now called arena rock, which is medium-speed ballads . |
他们创作了“舞台摇滚”（arena rock） 听起来像是中速的谣曲 |
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ballads:n.民歌; v.创作叙事曲;
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| (Music: "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" by U2) |
（音乐: I Still Haven*t Found What I*m Looking For U2） |
| They did the best they could given that this is what they're writing for. |
他们已经尽了全力 写出了这样的歌曲 |
| The tempos are medium . It sounds big. |
节拍不快不慢,听起来很浑厚 |
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tempos:速度;拍子(tempo的名词复数); medium:n.(传播信息的)媒介;手段;工具;方法;adj.中等的;中号的;
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| It's more a social situation than a musical situation. |
比起音乐场所 那里更像是一个社交场所 |
| And in some ways, the music that they're writing for this place works perfectly. |
在某些方面 他们为那里创作的音乐 非常契合 |
| So there's more new venues. |
那么,还有更多新的环境 |
| One of the new ones is the automobile . |
其中一个是汽车 |
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automobile:n.汽车;v.开汽车;坐汽车;adj.自动的;
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| I grew up with a radio in a car. |
我是在汽车中的收音机边长大的 |
| But now that's evolved into something else. |
但如今它进化了 |
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evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式)
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| The car is a whole venue. |
整辆汽车变成了一个环境 |
| (Music: "Who U Wit " by Lil' Jon & the East Side Boyz) |
（音乐: Who U Wit Lil* Jon & the East Side Boyz） |
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Wit:n.智力;风趣;才思;头脑;v.(wist)[古语]知道;
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| The music that, I would say, is written for automobile sound systems works perfectly on it. |
这种音乐,让我说,是写给 汽车音响系统的 完美地匹配了这个环境 |
| It might not be what you want to listen to at home, but it works great in the car -- has a huge frequency spectrum , you know, big bass and high-end and the voice kind of stuck in the middle. |
这也许不是你想在家里听的音乐 但在车子里听起来却很棒—— 频谱很宽 重低音,发烧天碟,你懂的 人声一般集中在中频 |
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frequency:n.频率;发生率;重复率;频繁; spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象; bass:n.鲈鱼;男低音;低音部;椴树;adj.低音的; high-end:adj.高端的;高档的;
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| Automobile music, you can share with your friends. |
我们可以和朋友一起享受汽车音乐 |
| There's one other kind of new venue, the private MP3 player . |
还有另一种新的环境 私人MP3播放器 |
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MP3 player:n.MP3播放器;
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| Presumably , this is just for Christian music. |
这一个大概只用来听基督教音乐吧 |
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Presumably:adv.大概;推测起来;可假定;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And in some ways it's like Carnegie Hall, or when the audience had to hush up, because you can now hear every single detail. |
在某个方面,这和卡内基音乐厅有点像 听音乐的人必须安静 因为你能听到所有的细节 |
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hush:v.安静;别说话;别叫喊;使安静下来;n.寂静;鸦雀无声;
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| In other ways, it's more like the West African music because if the music in an MP3 player gets too quiet, you turn it up, and the next minute, your ears are blasted out by a louder passage. |
在别的方面,它又更像西非音乐 因为如果MP3播放器里的音乐太过于安静 你把音量调高了,而下一秒钟 你的耳朵会被另一段嘈杂的音乐震聋 |
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blasted:adj.该死的,可恶的; v.炸毁,把…炸成碎片; (blast的过去分词和过去式)
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| So that doesn't really work. |
所以这并不很好用 |
| I think pop music , mainly, it's written today, to some extent , is written for these kind of players, for this kind of personal experience where you can hear extreme detail, but the dynamic doesn't change that much. |
我想,当前创作的 大多数流行音乐 可以说是写给这类播放器 这种个人体验的 你能听出细枝末节 又不怎么改变音乐的本质 |
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pop music:n.流行乐曲; extent:n.程度;范围;长度; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
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| So I asked myself: |
我自问 |
| Okay, is this a model for creation , this adaptation that we do? |
好了,这是不是 一种创作的模式呢？ 我们是不是在适应环境呢？ |
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creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; adaptation:n.适应;改编;改编本,改写本;
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| And does it happen anywhere else? |
这又是不是放之四海而皆准呢？ |
| Well, according to David Attenborough and some other people, birds do it too -- that the birds in the canopy , where the foliage is dense , their calls tend to be high-pitched , short and repetitive . |
根据大卫·爱登堡（David Attenborough,著名生物纪录片主持人）和其他人所说 鸟儿们也是这么做的 树冠上的鸟 在树枝浓密的地方 它们的叫声通常 调子更高,急促,反复 |
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canopy:n.天篷;华盖;遮篷;苍穹;vt.用天蓬遮盖;遮盖; foliage:n.植物;叶子(总称); dense:adj.稠密的;浓厚的;愚钝的; high-pitched:adj.声调高的;声音尖锐的;紧张的;陡的; repetitive:adj.重复的;
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| And the birds on the floor tend to have lower pitched calls, so that they don't get distorted when they bounce off the forest floor. |
而地面上的鸟 叫声通常调子更低 这样当它们在森林的地面上蹦蹦跳跳时 声音也不会被扰乱 |
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distorted:adj.歪曲的;受到曲解的;v.扭曲(distort的过去式和过去分词); bounce:v.反弹;反射;(使)弹起;n.弹跳;跳动;弹性;
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| And birds like this Savannah sparrow , they tend to have a buzzing |
像这只草原雀（Savannah sparrow） 它们的叫声更接近嘤嘤作响 |
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Savannah:n.大草原,热带草原(等于savanna); sparrow:n.麻雀;矮小的人; buzzing:v.发出嗡嗡声;发出蜂鸣声;充满兴奋(或活动等);(buzz的现在分词)
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| (Sound clip : Savannah sparrow song) |
（声音片段:草原雀之歌） |
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clip:v.剪辑;修剪;削减;固定;n.夹;夹子;速度;钳;
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| type call. |
的类型 |
| And it turns out that a sound like this is the most energy efficient and practical way to transmit their call across the fields and savannahs . |
事实证明 这样的声音 能最有效、实用地利用体内能量 传播它们的叫声 穿越田野和草原 |
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efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; transmit:v.传送;发射;播送;传播;传染; savannahs:n.大草原,热带草原(等于savanna);
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| Other birds, like this tanager , have adapted within the same species . |
其他的鸟,像这只唐纳雀（tananger） 是同一鸟种中适应环境后的种类 |
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tanager:n.唐纳雀(中美洲产的艳羽鸣禽); adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
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| The tananger on the East Coast of the United States, where the forests are a little denser , has one kind of call, and the tananger on the other side , on the west |
唐纳雀生活在美国东海岸 那里的森林更茂盛一些 它们的叫声是这样的 而这一只唐纳雀则生活在对面,西边 |
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United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) denser:adj.密集的; (dense的比较级) on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
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| (Sound clip: Scarlet tanager song) |
（声音片段:猩红唐纳雀之歌） |
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Scarlet:adj.深红的;鲜红色的;罪孽深重的;淫荡的;n.猩红色;红衣;绯红色;鲜红色布;
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| has a different kind of call. |
它有着另一种叫声 |
| (Sound clip: Scarlet tanager song) |
（声音片段:猩红唐纳雀之歌） |
| So birds do it too. |
因此,鸟儿也一样这么做 |
| And I thought: |
然后我想 |
| Well, if this is a model for creation, if we make music, primarily the form at least, to fit these contexts , and if we make art to fit gallery walls or museum walls, |
好吧,如果这是一种创作模式 如果我们创作音乐时 主要得符合情境 至少在形式上如此 如果我们根据画廊或者博物馆的墙壁来绘制作品 |
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primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; contexts:n.环境,[计]上下文(context复数); gallery:n.画廊;走廊;旁听席;地道;v.在…修建走廊;挖地道;
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| and if we write software to fit existing operating systems, is that how it works? |
如果我们根据现有的操作系统来编写软件 这就是事情进行的方式吗？ |
| Yeah. I think it's evolutionary . |
对,我想这是一种进化 |
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evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的;
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| It's adaptive . |
一种适应能力 |
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adaptive:adj.适应的,适合的;
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| But the pleasure and the passion and the joy is still there. |
但乐趣、激情和愉悦 仍然存在 |
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passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
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| This is a reverse view of things from the kind of traditional Romantic view. |
这是和传统的浪漫情怀 正好相反的观点 |
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reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的; traditional:传统的,惯例的, Romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人;
|
| The Romantic view is that first comes the passion and then the outpouring of emotion , and then somehow it gets shaped into something. |
在浪漫的观点看来 首先有激情 然后才有洋溢的感情 接着,它再被塑造成不同的东西 |
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outpouring:n.(感情的)迸发,倾泻;涌现;喷涌; emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
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| And I'm saying, well, the passion's still there, but the vessel that it's going to be injected into and poured into, that is instinctively and intuitively created first. |
我要说 的确,激情不可或缺 但容器 那即将被填满、充实的容器 在最初就根据直觉 已经创造出来了 |
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vessel:n.器皿;轮船;脉管;大船; injected:v.(给…)注射(药物等); (inject的过去分词和过去式) poured:v.使(液体)连续流出;倾倒;倒出;喷发;(pour的过去分词和过去式) instinctively:adv.本能地; intuitively:adv.直观地;直觉地;
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| We already know where that passion is going. |
我们之前就知道激情会走向何方 |
| But this conflict of views is kind of interesting. |
然而,这两个观点冲突的地方有一点挺有趣 |
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conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
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| The writer, |
一名作家 |
| Thomas Frank, says that this might be a kind of explanation why some voters vote against their best interests, that voters, like a lot of us, assume , that if they hear something that sounds like it's sincere , |
托马斯·弗兰克 曾说 也许有一种解释可以说明 为什么有些选民 给自己利益的对立面投了一票 这些选民和我们的大多数人一样 假设,如果他们觉得某一方听起来很真诚 |
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assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; sincere:adj.真诚的;诚挚的;真实的;
|
| that it's coming from the gut , that it's passionate , that it's more authentic . |
发自内心,激情洋溢 那一方就是更可靠的 |
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gut:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;adj.非理性的;本能的 passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的; authentic:adj.真正的,真实的;可信的;
|
| And they'll vote for that. |
他们会投上一票 |
| So that, if somebody can fake sincerity , if they can fake passion, they stand a better chance of being selected in that way, which seems a little dangerous. |
所以,如果有人假装真诚 假装富有激情 靠着这种方法,当然有一点风险 但他们就有更大的机会 被选上 |
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fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的; sincerity:n.真实,诚挚;
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| I'm saying the two, the passion, the joy, are not mutually exclusive . |
我要说,激情和快乐 并不是势不两立的 |
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mutually:adv.互相地;互助; exclusive:adj.独有的;排外的;专一的;n.独家新闻;独家经营的项目;排外者;
|
| Maybe what the world needs now is for us to realize that we are like the birds. |
或许,世界现在需要我们认识到 我们就像鸟儿 |
| We adapt. |
我们适应环境 |
| We sing. |
我们歌唱 |
| And like the birds, the joy is still there, even though we have changed what we do to fit the context. |
也和鸟儿一样,快乐仍在 即使我们改变了做法 为了适应环境 |
| Thank you very much. |
非常感谢 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |