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DavidBolinsky_2007-_用动画描绘了细胞_
I'm a medical illustrator , and I come from a slightly different point of view . 我是一个医学画家, 我从一个略微不同的视角看待问题。
illustrator:n.插图画家;说明者;图解者; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; point of view:观点;见地;立场;
I've been watching, since I grew up, the expressions of truth and beauty in the arts and truth and beauty in the sciences. 我长大后就一直在观察, 在艺术里真和美的表现形式 以及科学中真和美的表现形式。
expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数)
And while these are both wonderful things in their own right -- they both have very wonderful things going for them -- truth and beauty as ideals that can be looked at by the sciences 因为艺术和科学两者本身就是极美妙的事物— 它们都有许多美妙的东西— 真和美,作为可以被科学及数学研究的思想,
and by math are almost like the ideal conjoined twins that a scientist would want to date. 就好象是完美的连体双胞胎 使每个科学家都想与之约会。
conjoined:adj.结合的;联合的;v.结合;联合(conjoin的过去式和过去分词);
(Laughter) （笑声）
These are expressions of truth as awe-ful things, by meaning, they are things you can worship . 以下是值得敬畏的事情中“真”的一些表现形式, 也就是说,这些事情是值得你仰慕的。
worship:n.崇拜;崇敬;爱慕;阁下;v.崇拜(上帝或神);做礼拜;热爱;崇拜;
They are ideals that are powerful, they are irreducible , they are unique , they are useful -- sometimes, often a long time, after the fact. 它们是强有力的理想,它们是不能简化的, 它们是独一无二的,它们是有用的 --- 有些时候,要事后很久才能体现出来。
irreducible:adj.[数]不可约的;不能削减的;不能复归的; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
And you can actually roll some of the pictures now, because I don't want to look at me on the screen. 事实上,现在您可以开始播放一些图片了, 因为我不想在屏幕上看到自己。
Truth and beauty are things that are often opaque to people who are not in the sciences. 真和美的事,往往是摸不透的, 对于非科学领域的人来说。
opaque:adj.不透明的;不传热的;迟钝的;n.不透明物;vt.使不透明;使不反光;
They are things that describe beauty in a way that is often only accessible if you understand the language and the syntax of the person who studies the subject in which truth and beauty is expressed . 它们用自己独特的方式来描述美, 而只有当你懂得研究课题的人所使用的语言和语法时, 你才会明白。 该课题中表达着真与美。
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; syntax:n.语法;句法;有秩序的排列; expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式)
If you look at the math, E=mc squared, if you look at the cosmological constant, where there's an anthropic ideal, where you see that life had to evolve from the numbers that describe the universe -- these are things that are really difficult to understand. 就拿数学来说,E=mc^2 或是宇宙常数, 隐藏着跟人类学有关的理论,从中你可以体会到生命必须 从描述宇宙的数字中演化而来-- 这些事真得很难理解。
cosmological:adj.宇宙论的;宇宙哲学的; anthropic:adj.有关人类的,人类的; evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;
And what I've tried to do since I had my training as a medical illustrator -- since I was taught animation by my father, who was a sculptor and my visual mentor -- 一直以来我想要做的是, 既然我已训练成一个医学画家-- 因为我老爸教我动画技术, 他是一位雕刻家及我的视觉导师
animation:n.活泼,生气;激励;卡通片绘制; sculptor:n.雕刻家; visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的; mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导;
I wanted to figure out a way to help people understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences by using animation, by using pictures, by telling stories. 我希望能过找到一种解决办法,能帮助人们 理解生命科学中的真和美, 通过使用动画,使用图片以及讲述故事等方式。
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品;
So that the things that are not necessarily evident to people can be brought forth, and can be taught, and can be understood. 使那些人们不一定很清楚的事物 可以被提出,被教授,被理解
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; evident:adj.明显的;明白的;
Students today are often immersed in an environment where what they learn is subjects that have truth and beauty embedded in them, but the way they're taught is compartmentalized 当今的学生常常处在一种环境中 这里,他们所学的科目中包含了真与美, 但是他们所被教授的方法却是被分割的
immersed:adj.沉入的; v.浸没; (immerse的过去分词和过去式) embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式); compartmentalized:v.区划,区分(compartmentalize的过去分词形式);把…分成各自独立的几部分;
and it's drawn down to the point where the truth and beauty are not always evident. 这种方法 使得真和美并不总是那么明显。
It's almost like that old recipe for chicken soup, where you boil the chicken until the flavor is just gone. 就像是一道古老的鸡汤菜谱, 烹煮鸡肉直到香味通通散去
recipe:n.食谱;方法;诀窍;烹饪法; flavor:n.情味,风味;香料;滋味;v.加味于;
We don't want to do that to our students. 我们并不想对我们学生也这么做。
So we have an opportunity to really open up education. 所以我们有机会可以真正开启教育。
And I had a telephone call from Robert Lue at Harvard , in the Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, a couple of years ago. He asked me if my team and I would be interested and willing to really change how medical and scientific education is done at Harvard. 数年前,我接到哈佛大学, 分子与细胞生物学系 Robert Lue 的电话。他问我,我和我的团队 是否有兴趣和愿望来真正改变 哈佛大学里的医学和科学教育方式。
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; Molecular:adj.[化学]分子的;由分子组成的; Cellular:adj.细胞的;多孔的;由细胞组成的;n.移动电话;单元; Biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
So we embarked on a project that would explore the cell, that would explore the truth and beauty inherent in molecular and cellular biology so that students could understand a larger picture that they could hang all of these facts on. 所以我们开始了进行细胞探索的一个计划, 这将展示分子细胞生物学中 内在的真和美 由此学生会有更全面的印像 能把所有事情联系在一起
embarked:v.上船;装船;(embark的过去式和过去分词) explore:v.探索:探测:探险: inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的;
They could have a mental image of the cell as a large, bustling , hugely complicated city that's occupied by micro-machines. 他们脑海中,将会形成一个生动的细胞印象 细胞好像是一个庞大的、繁忙的、非常复杂的城市 充满了微型机器
bustling:adj.熙熙攘攘的;忙乱的; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) occupied:adj.被占领的; v.占用; (occupy的过去分词和过去式)
And these micro-machines really are at the heart of life. 而这些微型机器却是生命的中心。
These micro-machines, which are the envy of nanotechnologists the world over, are self-directed , powerful, precise , accurate devices that are made out of strings of amino acids. 这些微型机器, 能让当今全球纳米工程师嫉妒, 它们是能自我引导、功能强大且精密严谨的设备 它们是由氨基酸链所构成的。
envy:n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;v.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;感到妒忌;显示出妒忌; self-directed:adj.自主的;自我指导的; precise:adj.准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的; accurate:adj.精确的; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); strings:一串,悬挂(string的第三人称单数和复数) amino:adj.氨基的;n.[化学]氨基;
And these micro-machines power how a cell moves, they power how a cell replicates , they power our hearts, they power our minds. 这些微型机器能让细胞移动 能让细胞复制,它们也使我们心脏跳动, 同时赋予我们心智。
replicates:复制;
And so what we wanted to do was to figure out how we could make this story into an animation that would be the center piece of BioVisions at Harvard, which is a website that Harvard has for its molecular and cellular biology students 我们想做的是, 如何通过动画讲述这个故事 这就是哈佛大学BioVisions的主轴 这是哈佛大学为分子细胞生物学学生 开设的网站
that will -- in addition to all the textual information, in addition to all the didactics stuff -- put everything together visually , so that these students 这些动画,作为课本文本信息, 和所有老师授课内容的补充 将所有东西视觉化地呈现在一起,这样这些学生
in addition to:除…之外; textual:adj.本文的;按原文的; didactics:n.教授法,教学法; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地;
would have an internalized view of what a cell really is in all of its truth and beauty, and be able to study with this view in mind, so that their imaginations would be sparked , so that their passions would be sparked and so that they would be able to go on 能够从细胞内部发现细胞的真和美 并在学习过程中,能一直将此画面 印在脑海中,从而他们的想象力被激发出来, 学习激情也能够激发出来。 然后他们可以继续前行
internalized:v.内在化(internalize的过去分词); imaginations:n.[心理]想象力;空想;幻想物; sparked:v.点燃,发动(spark的过去式,过去分词);鼓舞; passions:n.强烈情感;激情;盛怒;(passion的复数)
and use these visions in their head to make new discoveries and to be able to find out, really, how life works. 用它们脑海中的这些画面做新的探索 并最终发现生命的原理。
visions:n.愿景; v.想像;
So we set out by looking at how these molecules are put together . 所以我们开始研究这些分子到底是如何整合在一起的。
molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数); put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages that are streaming down a capillary , and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall, and they're picking up information from cells 我们想出了一个剧情大纲,那就是,巨噬细胞 正在流过一个毛细血管 它们不时接触着毛细血管管壁 它们收集来自细胞散布在毛细血管管壁上的信号,
macrophages:n.[组织]巨噬细胞;大噬細胞;大饵捕食者(macrophage的复数形式); capillary:adj.细长的;表面张力的;n.毛细管;毛细血管;
that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information that there's an inflammation somewhere outside, where they can't see and sense. 这个信号是: 在（毛细血管）外侧,有炎症发生, 巨噬细胞本来是无从得知（此事的）。
inflammation:n.[病理]炎症;[医]发炎;燃烧;发火;
But they get the information that causes them to stop, causes them to internalize that they need to make all of the various parts that will cause them to change their shape, and try to get out of these capillary and find out what's going on. 但是,它们得到的信息,使它们停下来 使它们内化,使它们动员细胞各部分 使自己改变形状, 并努力穿越毛细血管搞清楚到底放生了什么
So these molecular motors -- we had to work with the Harvard scientists and databank models of the atomically accurate molecules and figure out how they moved, and figure out what they did. 因此这些分子的马达-- 我们必须 和哈佛的科学家一起研究,使用数据库中真实的 由原子构成的分子结构模型 并搞清楚他们是如何运动的,它们做了什么。
databank:n.数据库; atomically:adv.原子级的;
And figure out how to do this in a way that was truthful in that it imparted what was going on, but not so truthful that the compact crowding in a cell would prevent the vista from happening. 并想出一个办法,能够真实的表现 （细胞）里面正在发生的事情, 但又不是那么地真实,因为实际上细胞中紧密拥挤 使这种景象变得不可能。
imparted:adj.给予的;授予的; compact:n.合同,契约;小粉盒;adj.紧凑的,紧密的;简洁的;vt.使简洁;使紧密结合; vista:n.远景,狭长的街景;展望;回顾;
And so what I'm going to show you is a three-minute 我将给您展示的是一段3分钟的影片
Reader's Digest version of the first aspect of this film that we produced. It's an ongoing project that's going to go another four or five years. 这是我们做的影片第一部分的《读者文摘》版 这个计划尚未完成, 还需要4,5年时间
Digest:n.摘要;文摘;概要;汇编;v.消化;领会;领悟;理解; aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; ongoing:n.发展; adj.持续存在的;
And I want you to look at this and see the paths that the cell manufactures -- these little walking machines, they're called kinesins -- that take these huge loads that would challenge an ant in relative size. 我请您看这个 并看看这些细胞造的路 这些小的正在走动的机器,是驱动蛋白-- 它们负载而行 在大小比例关系上,可以和蚂蚁一决雌雄。
manufactures:n.制成品(manufacture的复数);v.制造(manufacture的第三人称单数); relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物;
Run the movie, please. 请播放动画
But these machines that power the inside of the cells are really quite amazing, and they really are the basis of all life. 但这些赋予细胞内部生机的机器 实在令人惊奇,他们真的是所有生命的基础。
Because all of these machines interact with each other. 因为所有这些机器都在互相交流。
interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
They pass information to each other; they cause different things to happen inside the cell. 他们互相传递信息 他们决定细胞里不同的事件发生。
And the cell will actually manufacture the parts that it needs on the fly , from information that's brought from the nucleus by molecules that read the genes . 在空间里,细胞通过利用能读懂基因的分子 从细胞核中带来信息, 从而正确生产出它所需要的部分。
on the fly:n.邻近备用设备;即时烧录;真时; nucleus:n.核,核心;原子核; genes:n.基因;(gene的复数)
No life, from the smallest life to everybody here, would be possible without these little micro-machines. 没有任何生命,从最小的生命到在坐的各位, 如果没有这些小型机器,可以存在。
In fact, it would really, in the absence of these machines, have made the attendance here, Chris, really quite sparse . 事实上,没有这些机器的话, Chris, 今天的出席状况将非常惨烈。
in the absence of:缺乏,不存在;无…时,缺少…时; attendance:n.出席;到场;出席人数; sparse:adj.稀疏的;稀少的;
(Laughter) （笑）
(Music) （音乐）
This is the FedEx delivery guy of the cell: this little guy is called the kinesin, and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins to wherever it's needed in the cell -- 这是细胞中FedEx快递人员: 这个小家伙叫驱动蛋白 他拉着一大袋新合成的蛋白质, 到细胞所需要的任何地方--
FedEx:n.联邦快递(等于theFederalExpress); delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; sack:n.麻布袋;洗劫;v.解雇;把…装入袋;劫掠; brand new:adj.崭新的;最近获得的; manufactured:adj.制造的,已制成的;v.制造,加工(manufacture的过去式); proteins:n.[生化]蛋白质(protein复数);
whether it's to a membrane , whether it's to an organelle , whether it's to build something or repair something. 不论它是细胞膜,还是一个细胞器 也不管是用来搭建什么,还是修复什么
membrane:n.膜;薄膜;羊皮纸; organelle:n.[细胞]细胞器;细胞器官; repair:v.修理;修补;修缮;补救;n.修理;修补;修缮;
And each of us has about 100,000 of these things running around, right now, inside each one of your 100 trillion cells. 我们体内每个细胞,大约有10万个这样的小家伙 此时此刻,正在跑来跑去 而我们大约有100万亿个细胞。
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
So no matter how lazy you feel, you're not really intrinsically doing nothing. 所以无论你觉得自己有多懒 本质上,你并不是什么都没做。
intrinsically:adv.本质地;内在地;固有地;
(Laughter) （笑）
So what I want you to do when you go home is think about this, and think about how powerful our cells are, and think about some of the things that we're learning about cellular mechanics . 当你回家时,我希望你们 能够思考这个问题,想想我们的细胞是多么地强大 想想我们正在学的 细胞机器的种种事情。
mechanics:n.机械师;机械修理工;技工;力学;机械学;(mechanic的复数)
Once we figure out all that's going on -- and believe me, we know almost a percent of what's going on -- once we figure out what's going on, we're really going to be able to have a lot of control over what we do with our health, with what we do with future generations, how long we're going to live. 一旦我们全盘了解细胞内发生的所有事情— 相信我,我们大概才知道1%而已-- 一旦我们了解细胞内的状况, 我们将能更好地控制 我们的健康, 我们的下一代, 我们的寿命。
And hopefully we'll be able to use this to discover more truth, and more beauty. 并且,希望我们可以借此 去发现更多的真和美。
(Music) （音乐）
But it's really quite amazing that these cells, these micro-machines, are aware enough of what the cell needs that they do their bidding. 这些细胞,这些微型机器,真的不可思议, 它们能过意识到细胞需要它们为其做些什么事情
They work together; they make the cell do what it needs to do. 他们同心协力,它们使细胞能够完成需要做的事情
And their working together helps our bodies -- huge entities that they will never see -- function properly. 他们通力合作才使我们身体-- 这个他们永远看不见的巨大整体—能够正常工作。
entities:n.实体;存在(entity的复数形式);字符实体;
Enjoy the rest of the show. Thank you. 请继续欣赏接下来的表演。谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）