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DavidBismark_2010G-_电子投票无欺诈_
So there are a few things that bring us humans together in the way that an election does. 世界上没几件事情 可以象选举那样把人们连接在一起
in the way:妨碍;挡道;
We stand in elections; we vote in elections; we observe elections. 我们身于选举之中,我们在选举中投票 我们观察选举
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视;
Our democracies rely on elections. 我们的民主倚赖于选举
democracies:民主; rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
We all understand why we have elections, and we all leave the house on the same day to go and vote. 我们都明白我们为什么要选举 我们在同一天,离开屋子 走出去,投一票
We cherish the opportunity to have our say, to help decide the future of the country. 我们珍惜这个让我们发言的机会 去帮助决定这个国家的未来
cherish:v.珍爱;怀有(感情等);抱有(希望等);
The fundamental idea is that politicians are given mandate to speak for us, to make decisions on our behalf that affect us all. 基本的思想是,政治家们 被委任为我们说话 代表我们作出决定 从而影响我们每一个人
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) mandate:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; speak for:要求得到;代表…讲话; behalf:n.代表;利益;
Without that mandate, they would be corrupt . 没有那些委任制度,就会产生腐败
corrupt:v.损坏;破坏;使腐化;使堕落;adj.贪污的;受贿的;腐败的;营私舞弊的;
Well unfortunately , power corrupts , and so people will do lots of things to get power and to stay in power, including doing bad things to elections. 但不幸的是,权力使人腐化 所以人们会做很多事 以获得有权力,并稳固权力 包括在选举中动手脚
unfortunately:adv.不幸地; corrupts:adj.腐败的,贪污的;堕落的;v.使腐烂;使堕落,使恶化;
You see, even if the idea of the election is perfect, running a countrywide election is a big project, and big projects are messy . 你看,即使这个 选举的理念是完美的 进行一个全国性的选举是一项大工程 大工程容易乱
countrywide:adj.全国范围的;adv.全国性地; messy:adj.肮脏的;凌乱的;不整洁的;
Whenever there is an election, it seems like something always goes wrong, someone tries to cheat, or something goes accidentally awry -- a ballot box goes missing here, chads are left hanging over here. 不管什么时候举行选举 它好像总会出点岔子 一些人尝试着去作弊 或者一些事意外地出错了-- 这里一个选票箱找不着了 争执悬而未决
accidentally:adv.意外地:偶然,偶然地; awry:adj.错误的;扭曲的;adv.歪曲地;歪斜地;错误地; ballot box:n.投票箱;投票选举制; chads:n.[计]孔屑;
To make sure as few things as possible go wrong, we have all these procedures around the election. 为了尽可能保证少的出错 我们在选举过程中设置了一系列程序
procedures:n.程序;规程(procedure的复数);
So for example, you come to the polling station , and a poll station worker asks for your ID before giving you a ballot form and asking you to go into a voting booth to fill out your vote. 所以比方说,你来到投票站 投票站工作人员问你要身份证号码 在给你选票单之前 然后工作人员让你进投票亭 填写你的投票
polling station:n.投票站;投票点; voting booth:n.投票站;
When you come back out, you get to drop your vote into the ballot box where it mixes with all the other votes, so that no one knows how you voted. 当你出来的时候,你需要把选票 投进选票箱 在哪里和所有选票混在一起 所以没有人知道你如何投票
mixes:n.混淆;调拌料(mix的复数);v.混合(mix的第三人称单数);
Well, what I want us to think about for a moment is what happens after that, after you drop your vote into the ballot box. 嗯,我想让大家思考片刻的是 在那之后会发生什么 在你把选票投进箱子里以后
And most people would go home and feel sure that their vote has been counted, because they trust that the election system works. 大多数人会回家 并且确信自己的选票被记下 因为他们信任 选举的系统运行地万无一失
They trust that election workers and election observers do their jobs and do their jobs correctly. 他们信任选举工作人员和督查人员 做好了他们的工作并且正确地履行了职责
observers:n.观察者(observer的复数);
The ballot boxes go to counting places. 投票箱被送去计票处
They're unsealed and the votes are poured out and laboriously counted. 他们把信封开启然后选票们被倒出 然后辛苦地计票
unsealed:adj.未封口的;未证实的;v.启封;解除约束(unseal的过去分词); poured:v.使(液体)连续流出;倾倒;倒出;喷发;(pour的过去分词和过去式) laboriously:adv.辛苦地;费力地;不流畅地;
Most of us have to trust that that happens correctly for our own vote, and we all have to trust that that happens correctly for all the votes in the election. 我们中的大多数人必须信任 我们的投票被正确地对待 并且我们都须要信任所有人的选票 都被正确的对待了
So we have to trust a lot of people. 所以我们得信任很多人
We have to trust a lot of procedures. 我们须得信任一大推的程序
And sometimes we even have to trust computers. 有时候,我们甚至还得信任电脑
So imagine hundreds of millions of voters casting hundreds of millions of votes, all to be counted correctly and all the things that can possibly go wrong causing all these bad headlines, and you cannot help but feel exhausted at the idea of trying to make elections better. 所以想象一下吧,成百上亿的选民 投下的是成百上亿的选票 所有的选票都得被计算正确 所有这些事情都可能出问题 导致那些丑闻 但你却不能做点什么,只有对尽力改善选举 表示精疲力竭了
cannot help but:无奈的; exhausted:adj.筋疲力尽的; v.使筋疲力尽; (exhaust的过去分词和过去式)
Well in the face of all these bad headlines, researchers have taken a step back and thought about how we can do elections differently. 好的,在这些丑闻头条新闻的表面之下 研究者退后一想 想怎样才能使我们选举的方式变得不同
in the face of:面对;
They've zoomed out and looked at the big picture. 他们扩大视野从整体来看
And the big picture is this: elections should be verifiable . 整体的情况就是: 选举应该是可证实的
verifiable:adj.可证实的;能作证的;可检验的;
Voters should be able to check that their votes are counted correctly, without breaking election secrecy , which is so very important. 选民需要有能力去查看 他们的选票被正确的记录了 却不影响选举的保密功能 这是及其重要的
secrecy:n.保密;秘密;隐蔽;
And that's the tough part. 也是最有难度的一部分
How do we make an election system completely verifiable while keeping the votes absolutely secret? 我们怎样才能让一个选举系统完全地可验证呢？ 并且保证选票 绝对的保密
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
Well, the way we've come up with uses computers but doesn't depend on them. 好的,我们的方法就是 用计算机 但是绝不倚赖于计算机
come up with:提出;想出;赶上;
And the secret is the ballot form. 秘密就在于选票表格
And if you look closely at these ballot forms, you'll notice that the candidate list is in a different order on each one. 如果你近看那些选票表格 你会发现,候选人名单 在每份表格上呈现出不同的排列
And that means, if you mark your choices on one of them and then remove the candidate list, 这意味着,如果你在一张表格上标记一个选项 然后去掉候选人名单排列
I won't be able to tell from the bit remaining what your vote is for. 我就不能从剩下的部分中得知 你选的是谁
And on each ballot form there is this encrypted value in the form of this 2D barcode on the right. 在每一份选举表格中还有加密值 就在表格右边的 二维码中
encrypted:v.把…加密(或编码);(encrypt的过去式和过去分词) barcode:n.条形码;条码技术;
And there's some complicated cryptography going on in there, but what's not complicated is voting with one of these forms. 那里有很复杂的密码系统 在其中 但你使用其中一张去投票 却并不复杂
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) cryptography:n.密码学;密码使用法;
So we can let computers do all the complicated cryptography for us, and then we'll use the paper for verification . 所以我们可以让计算机为我们做所有复杂的加密过程 然后我们使用这些纸质表进行核对
verification:n.确认,查证;核实;
So this is how you vote. 好了,这就是你怎样投票:
You get one of these ballot forms at random , and then you go into the voting booth, and you mark your choices, and you tear along a perforation . 你随机从投票表格中拿出一张 然后你进入投票亭 你标记你的选项 沿着打孔边沿撕开
random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地; perforation:n.穿孔;贯穿;
And you shred the candidate list. 用粉碎机粉碎候选人列表
shred:n.碎片;少量剩余;最少量;破布;v.切成条状;用碎纸机撕毁;
And the bit that remains, the one with your marks -- this is your encrypted vote. 剩下的那一块,有你标记的那个 就是你加密过的选票
So you let a poll station worker scan your encrypted vote. 所以你让选举站工作人员 扫描你的加密选票
And because it's encrypted, it can be submitted , stored and counted centrally and displayed on a website for anyone to see, including you. 因为它是加密的 它可以被提交,保存 然后被集中计算 在网络上公布 任何人都可以看到,包括你
submitted:v.提交;顺从;投降;表示;认为;建议;(submit的过去分词和过去式) centrally:adv.在中心; displayed:v.陈列;展出;展示;显露(display的过去分词和过去式)
So you take this encrypted vote home as your receipt . 所以你可以带着你的加密选票回家 就像一个回执一样
receipt:n.收据;收入;接受;字据;v.开收据;
And after the close of the election, you can check that your vote was counted by comparing your receipt to the vote on the website. 在选举关闭后 你可以用你的回执 对照网上的选票 来检查你的选票是否被记录了
comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词)
And remember, the vote is encrypted from the moment you leave the voting booth, so if an election official wants to find out how you voted, they will not be able to. 记得吗？选票是加密过的 就在你离开投票亭的那一刻 所以如果,实际上,选举官方人员想看你投给谁 他们也没有那个能力了
official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员;
If the government wants to find out how you voted, they won't be able to. 如果政府想看你投给谁 他们也没有那个能力了
No hacker can break in and find out how you voted. 没有黑客可以侵入 去看你投给谁
hacker:n.电脑黑客,企图不法侵入他人电脑系统的人;
No hacker can break in and change your vote, because then it won't match your receipt. 没有黑客可以侵入去篡改你的投票 因为那样就和你的回执不符合了
Votes can't go missing because then you won't find yours when you look for it. 选票不会丢失 因为你去查的时候会注意到你的选票不见了
But the election magic doesn't stop there. 但,选举的魔力不会因此消失
Instead, we want to make the whole process so transparent that news media and international observers and anyone who wants to can download all the election data and do the count themselves. 取而代之的是,我们让整个过程 如此透明化 新闻媒体和国际观察者们 任何人只要他想 就可以下载整个选举数据 然后自己计算
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
They can check that all the votes were counted correctly. 他们可以检查每个投票都被正确的记录了
They can check that the announced result of the election is the correct one. 他们可以检查 选举的结果 是不是正确的
And these are elections by the people, for the people. 这就是选举 依赖人民,服务于人民
So the next step for our democracies are transparent and verifiable elections. 所以我们民主的下一步就是 透明化 可验证的选举
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）