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DaveTroy_2014U-_各式各样的社交地图展示出一个城市的聚合—与分离_
When we think about mapping cities, we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings, and the settlement narrative that led to their creation , or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer, 当我们给城市制作地图时, 我们会想到道路、街道和建筑物, 和其建造的背后故事, 或者会想到城市设计师的大胆设想,
settlement:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点; narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
but there's other ways to think about mapping cities and how they got to be made. 但其实,制作城市地图时,还有其他思维角度 以及绘制方法。
Today, I want to show you a new kind of map. 今天我要给大家展示一种新的地图,
This is not a geographic map. 这并不是一种地理学上的地图。
geographic:adj.地理的;地理学的;
This is a map of the relationships between people in my hometown of Baltimore , Maryland , and what you can see here is that each dot represents a person, 这是我的家乡马里兰州巴尔的摩 人与人之间的关系图, 你在这里看到的是每点代表着一个人,
Baltimore:n.巴尔的摩(美国一座港市); Maryland:n.马里兰(美国州名); represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数)
each line represents a relationship between those people, and each color represents a community within the network. 而每条线代表那些人之间的关系, 而每种颜色代表网络内的社区。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
Now, I'm here on the green side, down on the far right where the geeks are, and TEDx also is down on the far right. (Laughter) 现在,我在绿色那面,也就是‘怪才’的区域, 而 TEDx 也在最右边。（笑声）
geeks:n.奇葩(指反常的人,畸形人,野人,现也指智力超群,善于钻研但不懂与人交往的学者或知识分子);
Now, on the other side of the network, you tend to have primarily African-American and Latino folks who are really concerned about somewhat different things than the geeks are, but just to give some sense, 在网络上的另一端, 主要为非洲裔和拉丁裔人, 他们真正关心的东西与怪才关心的不同, 我解释一下,
on the other side:另一面;在另一边; primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人); Latino:adj.拉丁美洲的;拉丁美洲人的;n.拉丁美洲人; concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微;
the green part of the network we call Smalltimore, for those of us that inhabit it, because it seems as though we're living in a very small town. 网络的绿色部分我们称之为Smalltimore, 居住在这个区域的人会如此称呼它, 是因为居民好像生活在一个非常小的城镇。
inhabit:v.居住在;栖居于;
We see the same people over and over again , but that's because we're not really exploring the full depth and breadth of the city. 我们一遍又一遍看到同样的人, 那是因为我们未曾真正地探索 城市的深度和广度。
over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地; exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) breadth:n.宽度;(知识、兴趣等)广泛;
On the other end of the network, you have folks who are interested in things like hip-hop music and they even identify with living in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area over, say, the Baltimore city designation proper. 在网络上的另一端, 那里的民众对嘻哈音乐感兴趣 甚至可确定为是居住在华盛顿、马里兰或弗吉尼亚地区, 例如巴尔的摩市的人。
hip-hop:n.街舞,即兴音乐;嘻哈; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: designation:n.指定;名称;指示;选派;
But in the middle, you see that there's something that connects the two communities together, and that's sports. 但在中间, 你会看到一些东西把两个社区连接在一起, 像是体育活动。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
We have the Baltimore Orioles , the Baltimore Ravens football team, 我们有巴尔的摩金莺、巴尔的摩乌鸦足球队、
Orioles:n.金莺队; Ravens:n.乌鸦(raven的复数);低质煤;
Michael Phelps, the Olympian. 奥运选手迈可菲尔普斯。
Under Armour , you may have heard of, is a Baltimore company, and that community of sports acts as the only bridge between these two ends of the network. Under Armour是一间位于巴尔的摩的公司,或许你听过, 而各式各样运动的社区 成为网络两端之间的唯一桥梁。
Armour:n.盔甲;装甲;护面;
Let's take a look at San Francisco. 让我们看看旧金山,
take a look at:看一看;检查;
You see something a little bit different happening in San Francisco. 你会发现旧金山的情况有点不同,
On the one hand , you do have the media , politics and news lobe that tends to exist in Baltimore and other cities, but you also have this very predominant group 一方面,媒体、政治和新闻 普遍处于巴尔的摩以及其他城市, 但网络上方的主要占据者,
On the one hand:一方面; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) lobe:n.(脑,肺等的)叶;裂片;耳垂;波瓣; predominant:adj.显著的;明显的;盛行的;占优势的;n.特优生物
of geeks and techies that are sort of taking over the top half of the network, and there's even a group that's so distinct and clear that we can identify it as Twitter employees, 是各类怪才与技师, 甚至还有一组如此鲜明和清晰的人群 我们能够认出他们是Twitter的员工,
techies:n.哥布林工程师(全称为GoblinTechies,游戏"魔兽"中的角色); over the top:adj.过多的;言过其实的;夸大其词的; distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的;
next to the geeks, in between the gamers and the geeks, at the opposite end of the hip-hop spectrum . 就在怪才的旁边,游戏玩家和怪才两者之间, 与嘻哈族相对的位置。
gamers:n.游戏玩家; spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
So you can see, though, that the tensions that we've heard about in San Francisco in terms of people being concerned about gentrification and all the new tech companies that are bringing new wealth and settlement into the city are real, and you can actually see that documented here. 不过,大家可以看到, 与传闻一致,旧金山的拉锯是真的 新兴技术公司带来新财富和居民 让土地房屋增值 导致地区贵族化。 从这里的文件记录你可以看到
tensions:张力;紧张; gentrification:n.下层住宅高档化;乡绅化; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有;
You can see the LGBT community is not really getting along with the geek community that well, the arts community, the music community. LGBT社群 与怪才社群真的相处得不好, 还有艺术社群以及音乐社群。
And so it leads to things like this. 以至于会发生这种事:
[" Evict Twitter"]
Evict:vt.驱逐;逐出;
Somebody sent me this photo a few weeks ago, and it shows what is happening on the ground in San Francisco, and I think you can actually try to understand that through looking at a map like this. 几个星期前有人给我发了这张照片, 这反映了在旧金山正发生什么事情, 我认为你可以实际地 通过这样的地图去理解。
Let's take a look at Rio de Janeiro. 让我们来看看里约热内卢。
I spent the last few weeks gathering data about Rio, and one of the things that stood out to me about this city is that everything's really kind of mixed up. 在过去的几个星期,我收集了里约的数据, 对我来说这个城市其中一样最突出的事情, 就是所有事情都真的混合起来。
It's a very heterogenous city in a way that Baltimore or San Francisco is not. 这是一个非常异端的城市,巴尔的摩或旧金山不会这样的。
You still have the lobe of people involved with government, newspapers, politics, columnists . 你还有人涉及到 政府、报纸、政治或专栏作家,
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) columnists:专栏作家;
TEDxRio is down in the lower right, right next to bloggers and writers. TEDxRio 位于右下角,在博客和作家的旁边。
bloggers:n.写博客的人;博客使用者;
But then you also have this tremendous diversity of people that are interested in different kinds of music. 但你也有这样惊人的多样性的民众, 对不同类型的音乐感到兴趣,
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
Even Justin Bieber fans are represented here. 甚至贾斯汀?比伯的粉丝也在这里。
represented:v.代表; (represent的过去式和过去分词)
Other boy bands , country singers, gospel music, funk and rap and stand-up comedy , and there's even a whole section around drugs and jokes. 其他男子乐队、乡村歌手、 福音音乐、放克和说唱和单口相声, 甚至还有一整节是关于毒品和笑话。
bands:n.乐队;法官; gospel:n.真理;信条;adj.传播福音的;福音赞美诗的; funk:n.乡土爵士乐;恐惧;忧虑;恶臭;vt.逃避,回避 stand-up:起立 comedy:n.喜剧;喜剧性;有趣的事情;
How cool is that? 真的很酷吧？
And then the Flamengo football team is also represented here. 然后弗拉门戈足球队也在这里。
So you have that same kind of spread of sports and civics and the arts and music, but it's represented in a very different way, and I think that maybe fits with our understanding of Rio as being a very multicultural , musically diverse city. 所以你有同样伸展的 体育和公民,以及艺术和音乐, 但它以一个非常不同的方式代表, 我认为,这也许与我们对里约的理解相符, 其为一个文化多元化,音乐多元化的城市。
civics:n.公民;公民学; multicultural:adj.多种文化的;融合或具有多种文化的; musically:adv.音乐上地;声音好听地; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的;
So we have all this data. 如此我们拥有这些数据。
It's an incredibly rich set of data that we have about cities now, maybe even richer than any data set that we've ever had before. 这是非常丰富的数据集,我们现在针对城市所拥有的, 甚至比我们过往拥有的任何数据集更丰富。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
So what can we do with it? 因此,我们能做些什么呢？
Well, I think the first thing that we can try to understand is that segregation is a social construct . 嗯,我认为优先的事是我们要尝试去了解 隔离是一种社会建构。
segregation:n.隔离,分离;种族隔离; construct:v.建造;创建;建筑;修建;n.概念;构筑物;结构体;建造物;
It's something that we choose to do, and we could choose not to do it, and if you kind of think about it, what we're doing with this data is aiming a space telescope at a city 这是我们可以选择做的,或者可以选择不这样做, 如果你仔细想想, 我们正在处理的这些数据是把一个太空望远镜对准一个城市,
telescope:n.望远镜;v.(使)叠套缩短;精简;
and looking at it as if was a giant high school cafeteria, and seeing how everybody arranged themselves in a seating chart. 看着它像是对准一个巨大的高中食堂, 看看大家如何排列一个座位表,
giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 arranged:adj.安排的;v.安排;计划;准备(arrange的过去式和过去分词);
Well maybe it's time to shake up the seating chart a little bit. 也许是时候整顿一下座位表。
The other thing that we start to realize is that race is a really poor proxy for diversity. 我们开始意识到另一件事, “种族划分”并不能很好地表现出多样性。
proxy:n.代理人;委托书;代用品;
We've got people represented from all different types of races across the entire map here -- only looking at race doesn't really contribute to our development of diversity. 我们由不同类型的种族代表人民, 横跨整个地图 — 只盯着种族 并没有真正对我们发展的多样性作出贡献。
contribute to:有助于;捐献;
So if we're trying to use diversity as a way to tackle some of our more intractable problems, we need to start to think about diversity in a new way. 因此,如果我们试图使用多样化 成为解决我们一些更棘手的问题的方法, 我们需要开始以新的方式思考多样性。
tackle:v.处理; n.用具; intractable:adj.棘手的;难治的;倔强的;不听话的;
And lastly, we have the ability to create interventions to start to reshape our cities in a new way, and I believe that if we have that capability , we may even bear some responsibility to do so. 最后,我们要有能力干预, 以一种新的方式重塑我们的城市, 我相信,如果我们有能力的话, 我们甚至会承担一些责任。
interventions:n.[法]干预,干涉;处置(intervention的复数); reshape:vt.改造;再成形; capability:n.才能,能力;性能,容量;
So what is a city? 那么什么是城市？
I think some might say that it is a geographical area or a collection of streets and buildings, but I believe that a city is the sum of the relationships of the people that live there, 我觉得有些人会说, 这是地理上的区域、或街道和建筑的聚集, 但是我相信,一个城市是生活在那里的人 的关系总和,
geographical:adj.地理的;地理学的;
and I believe that if we can start to document those relationships in a real way then maybe we have a real shot at creating those kinds of cities that we'd like to have. 我相信,如果我们能够开始以真实的方式用文档证明这些关系, 那么也许我们真的有机会 创造出那些类型的城市,且是我们要建立的。
Thank you. 谢谢大家
(Applause) （掌声）