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DarrickHamilton_2018S-_「宝宝公债」如何协助改善贫富不均_
There is a narrative , an idea that with resilience , grit and personal responsibility people can pull themselves up and achieve economic success. 有一种说法、一种想法: 只要有抗压性、勇气以及责任感 人们就可以提升自己的生活 达到经济上的成就
narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力; grit:v.研磨;在…上铺砂砾;咬紧牙关;摩擦作声;n.粗砂,粗砂石;勇气;决心; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
In the United States we call it the American dream . 在美国,我们称之为美国梦
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) American dream:n.美国梦(美国人传统的价值观和社会标准,如民主、权利平等和财富);
A similar narrative exists all over the world. 在全世界各地都有类似的说法
But the truth is that the challenges of making this happen have less to do with what we do and more to do with the wealth position in which we are born. 但事实是,让梦想实现的挑战 和我们的所做所为不是那么有关 而是和我们出生时的财富状况比较有关
wealth:n.财富;大量;富有;
So I'm going to make the case that the United States government, actually that any government, should create a trust account for every newborn of up to 60,000 dollars, calibrated to the wealth of the family in which they are born. 接下来我将以美国政府为例 其实任何政府 都应该要为每一位新生儿 开立一个约达六万美元的信托帐户 并根据他们出生家庭的财富来调校金额
account for:对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明…的原因;导致;(比例)占; newborn:adj.新生的;再生的;n.婴儿; calibrated:v.标定,校准(刻度,以使测量准确);(calibrate的过去式和过去分词)
I'm talking about an endowment . 我在谈的是一种资助的概念
endowment:n.捐赠;捐助;捐款;天资;
Personal seed capital, a publicly established baby trust, what my colleague William Darity at Duke University and I have referred to as baby bonds, a term that was coined by the late historian from Columbia University, 个人的本金由政府建立的宝宝信托 我和我在杜克大学的 同事威廉．达里泰 称之为「宝宝公债」 创造这个词的 是哥伦比亚大学的已故历史学家
established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) colleague:n.同事,同僚; Duke:n.公爵,(公国的)君主;公爵(种)樱桃; referred:v.提到;引用;认为;指示;涉及;(refer的过去式和过去分词)
Manning Marable. 曼宁．马拉布尔
The reason why we should create these trusts is simple. 我们要开立这个信托的理由很简单
Wealth is the paramount indicator of economic security and well-being . 财富是经济安全和幸福的重要指标
paramount:adj.最重要的,主要的;至高无上的;n.最高统治者; indicator:n.指示器;[试剂]指示剂;[计]指示符;压力计; well-being:n.幸福;康乐;
It provides financial agency , economic security to take risk and shield against loss. 它提供财务操作和经济安全 让人能够承担风险 并且在损失时仍有所屏障
financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; shield:n.盾;防护物;保护者;v.遮蔽;包庇;避开;保卫;
Without capital, inequality is locked in. 没有资本,贫富不均就难以解套
We use words like choice, freedom to describe the benefits of the market, but it is literally wealth that gives us choice, freedom and optionality . 我们会用一些字眼,比如: 选择、自由,来描述市场机制的益处 但其实是「财富」让我们有 选择、自由、操作空间
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: optionality:选择性
Wealthier families are better positioned to finance an elite , independent school and college education, access capital to start a business, finance expensive medical procedures , reside in neighborhoods with higher amenities , 比较富有的家庭,较能够付担得起:菁英的私立学校和大学教育 取得资本来创業 付得起昂贵的手术医疗 住在拥有良好设施的社区
finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物; independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等); procedures:n.程序;规程(procedure的复数); reside:vi.住,居住;属于; amenities:n.生活福利设施;便利设施;舒适;礼仪;(amenity的复数)
exert political influence through campaign finance, purchase better legal counsel if confronted with an expensive criminal justice system, leave a bequest and/or withstand financial hardship resulting from any number of emergencies . 透过政治献金来产生政治影响力 面对代价不斐的刑事司法诉讼体制时 付得起比较好的法律谘询服务 留下遗产 且／或能经得起 任何紧急事件造成的困境
exert:v.施加;努力;运用;行使; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; purchase:n.购买;采购;购买的东西;购买项目;v.购买;采购; legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; counsel:n.劝告,忠告,建议;法律顾问;律师;vt.提供专业咨询;建议,劝告(做某事) confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式) justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; bequest:n.遗产;遗赠; withstand:vt.抵挡;禁得起;反抗;vi.反抗; hardship:n.艰难;困苦;拮据; emergencies:n.突发事件;紧急情况;(emergency的复数)
Basically , when it comes to economic security, wealth is both the beginning and the end. 基本上,谈到经济安全 财富既是起点也是终点
Basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
I will frame this conversation in the context of the United States, but this discussion applies virtually to any country facing increasing inequality. 我将今天演说的架构,放在美国的情境 但这些讨论适用于任何 面临贫富不均日益加剧的国家
frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; applies:v.适用;申请;运用;专心;(apply的第三人称单数) virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上;
In the US, the top 10 percent of households hold about 80 percent of the nation's wealth 在美国,收入前 10% 的家庭 拥有约全国财富的 80 %
households:n.家庭;拆迁户;家户(household的复数);
But when it comes to wealth, race is an even stronger predictor than class itself. 但谈到财富时 比起阶级,种族是更有效的预测变因
predictor:n.[气象]预报器;预言者;
Blacks and Latinos collectively make up 30 percent of the United States population, but collectively own about seven percent of the nation's wealth. 黑人和拉丁裔合计占了 美国人口的 30% 但总共只拥有全国财富的 7%
Latinos:n.拉丁美洲人(Latino的复数); collectively:adv.共同地,全体地;
The 2016 survey of consumer finance indicates that the typical black family has about 17,000 dollars in wealth, and that's inclusive of home equity , while the typical white family has about 170,000. 一项 2016 年的消费者财务调查 指出:一般黑人家庭的财富 大约是一万七千美元 那包含了房屋净值在内 而一般的白人家庭则是十七万美元
survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地; consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; indicates:v.表明指示,显示;(indicate的第三人称单数) typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的; equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值;
That is indicative of an absolute racial wealth gap where the typical black household has about 10 cents for every dollar held by the typical white family. 这明显点出了种族间 有着绝对的财富落差 一般的黑人家庭每握有约十分钱 一般的白人家庭则有一元
indicative:adj.象征的;指示的;表示…的;n.陈述语气;陈述语气的动词形式; racial:adj.种族的;人种的; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开;
But regardless of race, the market alone has been inadequate to address these inequalities . 但若不考虑种族 单就市场机制并无法 妥善处理这些贫富不均
regardless:adj.不管的; v.不顾后果地; inadequate:adj.不充分的,不适当的; inequalities:n.[数]不等式;不均等,不平衡;不平坦(inequality的复数形式);
Even in times of economic expansion , inequality grows. 即便在经济成长时 贫富不均的差距亦增加
expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大;
Over the last 45 years, wealth disparity has increased dramatically , and essentially , all the economic gains from America's increase in productivity have gone to the elite or the upper middle class . 在过去 45 年 贫富差距戏剧性地成长 基本上,美国生产力上升 带来的所有经济收益 都进了菁英或中上阶层的口袋
disparity:n.不同;不一致;不等; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; essentially:adv.本质上;本来; productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力; upper:adj.上面的;内陆的;n.靴面;兴奋剂; middle class:adj.中产阶级的;中层社会的;
Yet, much of the framing around economic disparity focuses on the poor choices of black, Latino and poor borrowers . 但这样框架下的经济差距 都聚焦在黑人、拉丁裔 和贫穷借方的拙劣选择
framing:v.给…做框;作伪证陷害;制订;拟订;n.框架;结构;骨骼;(frame的现在分词) borrowers:n.[金融]借款人(borrower的复数);剽窃者;
This framing is wrong. 这样的框架定调是错误的
The directional emphasis is wrong. 强调的方向是错误的
directional:adj.方向的;定向型的; emphasis:n.强调;重视;重要性;(对某个词或短语的)强调;
It is more likely that meager economic circumstance , not poor decision making or deficient knowledge, constrains choice itself and leaves people with no options but to turn to predatory finance. 比起拙劣的决策或是缺乏知识 更常是因为经济境况的贫乏 限制了选项,让人们没有选择 而转向掠夺式的金融
meager:adj.贫乏的;瘦的;n.兆; circumstance:n.环境,情况;事件;境遇; deficient:adj.不足的;有缺陷的;不充分的; constrains:约束; options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) predatory:adj.掠夺的,掠夺成性的;食肉的;捕食生物的;
In essence , education is not the magic antidote for the enormous inherited disparities that result from laws, policies and economic arrangement . 本质上,教育并不是神奇解药 无法解决法律、政策和经济协议下 所产生先天性的巨大落差
In essence:本质上;其实;大体上; antidote:n.[药]解毒剂;解药;矫正方法; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; inherited:v.继承(金钱、财产等);接替(责任等);继任;(inherit的过去式和过去分词) disparities:不一致(disparity的复数); policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲;
This does not diminish the value of education. 这并不是在贬低教育的价值
diminish:vt.使减少;使变小;vi.减少,缩小;变小;
Indeed, I'm a university professor. 其实,我是一位大学教授
There are clear intrinsic values to education, along with a public responsibility to expose everyone to a high-quality education, from grade school all the way through college. 教育有其明确的内在价值 并伴随着公共责任 那就是让每个人 都有机会接触到良好的教育 从小学到大学
intrinsic:adj.本质的,固有的; expose:v.揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示; high-quality:adj.高质量的; grade school:na.(美)小学;
But education is not the panacea . 但是教育并不是万灵药
panacea:n.灵丹妙药;万能药;
In fact, blacks who live in families where the head graduated from college typically have less wealth than white families where the head dropped out of high school. 事实上,大学毕業的黑人 拥有的财富 通常比那些高中辍学的白人少
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地;
Perhaps we overstate the functional role of education at the detriment of understanding the functional role of wealth. 或许我们过于强调教育的功能性 让我们低估了财富的力量
overstate:vt.夸张;夸大的叙述; functional:adj.功能的; detriment:n.损害;伤害;损害物;
Basically, it is wealth that begets more wealth. 本质上,财富带来更多财富
begets:vt.产生;招致;引起;当…的父亲;
That's why we advocate for baby trust. 这正是我们倡导婴儿信托基金的原因
advocate:v.拥护;支持;提倡;n.支持者;提倡者;辩护律师;出庭辩护人;
An economic birthright to capital for everyone. 给每个人与生俱来的资本权利
birthright:n.与生俱来的权利;长子继承权;
These accounts would be held in public trust to be used as a foundation to an economically secure life. 这些帐户应该由公共信托机构来持有 当作一个经济安全无虞的基础
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地;
The concept of economic rights is not new nor is it radical . 经济权利的概念既不新也不激进
radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的;
In 1944, President Franklin Roosevelt introduced the idea of an economic Bill of Rights . 在1944年,富兰克林．罗斯福总统 导入了经济权利法案的概念
Bill of Rights:n.权利宣言;人权宣言;
Roosevelt called for physical security, economic security, social security and moral security. 罗斯福倡导呼吁人身安全 经济安全、社会安全和道德安全
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; social security:n.社会保障金(政府定期向贫穷、失业、患病等人发放); moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的;
Unfortunately , since the Nixon administration, the political sentiment regarding social mobility has radically shifted away from government mandates to economic security to a neoliberal approach 不幸的是,从尼克森执政时期开始 关于社会流动性的政治观点 已经大幅度地从政府命令下的经济安全 转向为一种新自由主义的方法
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; Nixon:n.尼克松(美国第37任总统); sentiment:n.感情,情绪;情操;观点;多愁善感; regarding:prep.关于;至于;v.将…认为;把…视为;看待;(regard的现在分词) mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; shifted:转移;移动(shift的过去式和过去分词); mandates:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; neoliberal:adj.新自由主义的(主张不受政府调控的全球自由市场,工商企业由私有者经营以获利); approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
in which the market is presumed to be the solution for all our problems, economic or otherwise. 在新的方法中,市场机制 被认为是解决一切问题的手段 不论是经济问题或是其他问题
presumed:adj.假定的;推测的;v.假定(presume的过去分词和过去式); solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
As a result , the onus of social mobility has shifted on to the individual . 因此,社会流动性的责任 落到了个人身上
As a result:结果; onus:n.责任,义务;负担; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
The pervasive narrative is that even if your lot in life is subpar , with perseverance and hard work and the virtues of the free market , you can turn your proverbial rags into riches. 普遍的诠释是:即便你的生活低于水平 只要透过持之以恒地努力工作 加上自由市场机制的优点 你也可以从鲁蛇变身人生胜利组
pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的; subpar:adj.低于标准的;在平均水平以下的;次佳的; perseverance:n.坚持不懈;不屈不挠;n.耐性;毅力; virtues:n.优点,贞操;美德; free market:自由市场; proverbial:adj.谚语的;众所周知的;谚语式的; rags:n.破布;抹布;
Of course, the flip side is that the virtues of the market will likewise sanction those that are not astute , those that lack motivation or those that are simply lazy. 当然,市场机制优点的另一面 也会同样惩罚那些不够精明 和那些缺少动力、纯粹就是懒惰的人
the flip side:反面; likewise:adv.同样地;也; sanction:n.制裁,处罚;认可;支持;vt.制裁,处罚;批准;鼓励; astute:adj.机敏的;狡猾的,诡计多端的; motivation:n.动机;积极性;推动;
In other words, the deserving poor will receive their just rewards . 换句话说,那些应得的穷人 将获得他们应得的回报
deserving:adj.值得的;应得的;有功的;v.值得;应得到(deserve的现在分词); rewards:n.[劳经]奖励; v.[劳经]奖赏;
What is glaringly missing from this narrative is the role of power and capital, and how that power and capital can be used to alter the rules and structure of transactions and markets in the first place . 这种说法中明显忽略了 权力和资本的作用 以及权力和资本 如何在一开始就被用来改变 交易和市场的规则和结构
glaringly:adv.耀目地;显目地; alter:v.更改;修改(衣服使更合身); structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; transactions:n.处理,[图情]会报;汇报(transaction复数); in the first place:首先;起初;
Power and capital become self-reinforcing . 权力和资本会自我强化
self-reinforcing:自我强化;
And without government intervention , they generate an iterative cycle of both stratification and inequality. 没有政府的介入 他们会创造出一个 分层和不平等的迭代回圈
intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍; generate:v.产生;引起; iterative:adj.[数]迭代的;重复的,反复的;n.反复体; stratification:n.层理;成层;
The capital finance provided by baby trust is intended to deliver a more egalitarian and an authentic pathway to economic security, independent of the family financial position in which individuals are born. 宝宝信托提供的资本金融 旨在创建一个更加平等、可信的途径 以保障经济安全 独立于原生家庭的财务状况
provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式) egalitarian:adj.平等主义的;n.平等主义;平等主义者; authentic:adj.真正的,真实的;可信的; pathway:n.路,道;途径,路径; independent of:不依赖…的;不受…支配的; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
The program would complement the economic rights to old-age pensions and provide a more comprehensive social security program, designed to provide capital finance from cradle all the way through grave . 这个方案将与老年退休金的 经济权利相辅相成 并提供一个更全面的社会安全体系 这个体系的目的就是提供 从出生到死亡的资本财务
complement:n.补语;余角;补足物;vt.补足,补助; old-age:adj.老年的; pensions:n.[劳经]养老金(pension的复数形式); v.发放退休金(pension的第三人称单数形式); comprehensive:adj.综合的;广泛的;有理解力的;n.综合学校;专业综合测验; cradle:n.摇篮;发源地;发祥地;支船架;vt.抚育;把...搁在支架上;把...放在摇篮内; grave:adj.重大的;严肃的;黯淡的;n.墓穴,坟墓;死亡;v.雕刻;铭记;
We envision endowing American newborns with an average account of 25,000 dollars that gradually rises upwards to 60,000 dollars for babies born into the poorest families. 我们预想对于美国的新生儿进行 平均每个帐户两万五千美金的资助 资助金额会逐渐上升到六万美金 对应给那些最贫困家庭的新生儿
envision:v.想象;预想; endowing:vt.赋予;捐赠;天生具有; newborns:新生儿; gradually:adv.渐渐地;逐步地; upwards:adv.向上;在上部;向上游;
Babies born into the wealthiest families would be included as well in the social contract , but they would receive a more nominal account of about 500 dollars. 而出生在最富裕家庭的孩子 也会被包含在这份社会契约 但是他们会收到一个大约 五百美金的虚帐户
social contract:n.社会契约; nominal:adj.名义上的;有名无实的;[会计]票面上的;n.[语]名词性词;
The accounts would be federally managed, and they would grow at a guaranteed annual interest rate of about two percent per year in order to curtail inflation cost, and be used when the child reaches adulthood for some asset-enhancing activity, like financing a debt-free university education, a down payment to purchase a home, or some seed capital to start a business. 这些帐户由联邦政府来管理 并且将会以一个保障的年利率增长 这个利率大概是每年 2% 以便抑制通货膨胀的成本 当孩子到达成年时 用于一些提高资产（价值）的活动 比如:成为大学学费的资金而免于学贷 或是购屋的头期款 或是创業的种子基金
federally:adv.联邦地;联邦政府地;同盟地; guaranteed:adj.必然的; v.保证; annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; curtail:vt.缩减;剪短;剥夺…特权等; inflation:n.膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张;自命不凡; adulthood:n.成年;成人期; down payment:n.(分期付款的)首期付款;预付金;订金;
With approximately four million babies born each year in the US, if the average endowment of a baby trust is set at 25,000 dollars, the program would crudely cost about 100 billion dollars a year. 美国一年大约有四百万名新生儿 若平均的婴儿信托基金额度 为两万五千美金 这个方案粗估每年将消耗一千亿美金
approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; crudely:adv.粗糙地;天然地;粗鲁地;不成熟地;
This would constitute only about two percent of current federal expenditures and be far less than the 500-plus billion dollars that's already being spent by the federal government on asset promotion through tax credits and subsidies . 这将只占联邦政府每年开支的 2% 远低于每年五千多亿美金的耗资 而这五千多亿美金正在被政府用于 透过减免税收和补贴的方式鼓励置产
constitute:v.组成;构成;(合法或正式地)成立,设立; expenditures:n.开支,[会计]支出(expenditure复数形式); asset:n.资产;优点;有用的东西;有利条件;财产;有价值的人或物; subsidies:n.补贴;补助金;津贴;(subsidy的复数)
At issue is not the amount of that allocation but to whom it's distributed . 争议不在于拨款的金额 而在将分配给谁
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; allocation:n.分配,配置;安置; distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式)
Currently , the top one percent of households, those earning above 100 million dollars, receive only about one third of this entire allocation, 当前,前 1% 的家庭 也就是那些身家大约一亿美金的人 只收到了大约三分之一的拨款
Currently:adv.当前;一般地;
If the federal asset-promoting budget were allocated in a more progressive manner, federal policies could be transformative for all Americans. 如果联邦政府用于鼓励置产的预算 能以一种更激进的方式去配置 联邦政策可能会对所有美国人 产生革命性的改变
budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; allocated:v.拨…(给);划…(归);分配…(给);(allocate的过去式和过去分词) progressive:adj.进步的;先进的;开明的;稳步的;n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派; transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的;
This is a work in progress. 这是一项进行中的工作
There are obviously many details to be worked out, but it is a policy proposal grounded in the functional roles and the inherited advantages of wealth that moves us away from the reinforcing status quo behavioral explanations for inequality towards more structural solutions. 明显地还有很多细节需要发展 但这是一个奠基于功能性 和生而赋予财富优势的政策方案 这个方案能让我们从 贫富不均恶性循环的现状 以行为去解释贫富不均 转变为更具结构化的解决方案
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; proposal:n.提议,建议;求婚; advantages:n.有利条件; v.有利于; status quo:n.现状;原来的状况; behavioral:adj.行为的; structural:adj.结构的;建筑的;
Our existing tax policy that privileges existing wealth rather than establishing new wealth is a choice. 我们现有的税收机制赋予富人特权 而非推动白手起家的新贵 是一种人为选择
privileges:n.[计]特权(privilege的复数); v.给与…特权(privilege的第三人称单数形式); establishing:v.建立;创立;设立;使稳固;(establish的现在分词)
The extent of our dramatic inequality is at least as much a problem of politics as it is a problem of economics. 现有不平等差距的扩大 不仅是一个经济的问题 亦是一个政治的问题
extent:n.程度;范围;长度; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
It is time to get beyond the false narratives that attribute inequality to individual personal deficits while largely ignoring the advantages of wealth. 是时候突破那些错误的诠释了 这些诠释把不平等归结于个人问题 却大幅地忽略了财富的优势
narratives:n.叙述,故事;叙述的手法(narrative复数); attribute:n.属性;象征;v.把…归因于;认为…属于;认为某人(某物)具有某种特性; deficits:n.[财政]赤字,亏损(deficit的复数形式); largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; ignoring:v.忽略,忽视;(ignore的现在分词);
Instead, public provisions of a baby trust could go a long way towards eliminating the transmission of economic advantage or disadvantage across generations and establishing a more moral and decent economy that facilitates assets , economic security and social mobility for all its citizens. 取而代之,公共供给的宝宝信托 能对消除贫富世袭发挥巨大作用 并建立一个更道德、正直的经济体 能够促进全体公民的资产流通 经济安全以及社会流动性
provisions:n.规定(provision的复数); v.供应补给品; eliminating:v.排除;清除;消除;淘汰;(eliminate的现在分词) transmission:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置; disadvantage:n.不利因素;障碍;不便之处; decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; facilitates:v.促进;帮助;使…容易(facilitate的第三人称单数形式); assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数)
Regardless of the race and the family positions in which they are born. 不论种族肤色 或他们出生在什么样的家庭
Thank you very much. 谢谢大家
(Applause) （掌声）
Chris Anderson: Darrick. 克里斯．安德森（安）:戴瑞克
I mean, there's so much to like in this idea. 我想,这个想法有很多可取之处
There's one piece of branding around it that I worry about, which is just that right now, trust-fund kids have a really bad rap . 在宣传这个概念的时候 我担心其中的一点: 现在的状况是:那些拥有 信托基金的孩子们名声不佳
branding:n.品牌化,品牌术;v.在…上加商标;使显得独一无二(brand的现在分词); rap:n.说唱;说唱音乐;罪责;不公正的判决;v.击打;突然大声说出;严厉批评;
You know, they're the sort of eyeball-rolling poster children for how money, kind of, takes away motivation. 您知道,他们有点像是那种 蛮不在乎的代表人物 因为金钱似乎……夺走他们意志
poster:n.海报;巨幅装饰画;发布消息的人;
So, these trusts are different. 所以,这些信托是不一样的
So how do you show people in this proposal that it's not going to do that? 那么你怎样向人们说明 同样的状况不会发生在这个方案？
Darrick Hamilton: If you know you have limited resources or you're going to face discrimination , there's a narrative that, well, the economic returns to investing in myself are lower than that of someone else, so I might as well enjoy my leisure . 戴瑞克．汉弥尔顿: 如果你知道自己的资源有限 或者你将遭受歧视 有一种说法 投资自身的经济回报 比投资其他人的经济回报更低 这样的话,我不妨就悠闲度日
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); discrimination:n.歧视;区别,辨别;识别力; investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词) might as well:不妨,何妨;还是…的好; leisure:n.休闲;闲暇;空闲;adj.闲暇的;
Of course, there's another narrative as well, so we shouldn't get caught up on that, you know, somebody who's poor and going to face discrimination, they also might pursue a resume-building strategy . 当然,也有另外一种说法 所以我们不应该在此问题上纠缠不清 你知道,有人很穷并且将面临歧视 他们可能会采取为自己增值的策略
pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
The old adage , "I have to be twice as good as someone else." 老话说:「我必须要比别人加倍优秀」
adage:n.格言,谚语;箴言;
Now, when we say that, we never ask at what cost, are there health costs associated with that. 当我们说句话的时候 我们从不问代价是什么 是否是以健康为代价呢
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
I haven't answered your question, but coming back to you question, if you know you're going to receive a transfer at a later point in life, that only increases the incentive for you to invest in yourself so that you can better use that trust. 我还没有回答你的问题 回到你的问题上 如果你知道自己在不久的将来 将收到一笔款项 这只会增加你投资自身的动机 以便于你能更好地使用那份信托基金
transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移; incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的;
CA: You're giving people possibilities of life they currently cannot imagine having. 安:你为人生带来更多可能 超越人们现在的想像
And therefore the motivation to do that. 还有为此努力的动力
I could talk with you for hours about this. 我对这个主题很感兴趣
I'm really glad you're working on this. 我很高兴你为件事而努力
Thank you. 谢谢你
(Applause) （掌声）