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DannyDorling_2016X-_地图能让我们认识到真正的自己（不仅仅告诉我们在哪）_
I'd like you to imagine the world anew . 我想带你们重新认识这世界。
anew:重新,再
I'd like to show you some maps, which have been drawn by Ben Hennig, of the planet in a way that most of you will never have seen the planet depicted before. 我想给你们展示一些地图, 地图的绘制者本·亨尼希 以大多数人未曾见过的角度 若把所有运货的卡车加起来,将会有100千米长。
depicted:vt.描述;描画;
Here's an image that you're very familiar with. 这是一张你们熟悉的图片。
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
I'm old enough that I was actually born before we saw this image. 我有幸出生在这张照片面世之前。
Apparently some of my first words were "moona, moona," 我妈妈说,我最初学会的话是“月儿,月儿”
Apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上;
but I think that's my mom having a particular fantasy about what her baby boy could see on the flickering black and white TV screen. 但是我想那是因为我的母亲有个美好的憧憬, 憧憬着她的的孩子可以理解 黑白电视屏幕上闪烁的画面。
fantasy:n.幻想; adj.虚幻的; v.空想; flickering:adj.扑动的; v.闪现; (flicker的现在分词) black and white:adj.印刷的;黑白混合的;用笔写的;
It's only been a few centuries since we've actually, most of us, thought of our planet as spherical . 直到几个世纪以前, 我们才开始认识到
spherical:adj.球形的,球面的;天体的;
When we first saw these images in the 1960s, the world was changing at an incredible rate. 当我们在20世纪60年代初遇这些照片, 我们的世界便开始发生翻天覆地的变化。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
In my own little discipline of human geography, a cartographer called Waldo Tobler was drawing new maps of the planet, and these maps have now spread, and I'm going to show you one of them now. 在我小小的人文地理认知中, 一位名叫沃尔多·托布勒的地图绘制员 曾绘制了我们星球的新型地图, 而这些地图现在已传播开来, 我将展示其中之一。
discipline:n.纪律;训练;自制力;风纪;v.训练;管教;惩罚;处罚; cartographer:n.制图师;地图制作者;
This map is a map of the world, but it's a map which looks to you a little bit strange. 这是一张世界地图, 但是这张地图它看上去有一点点奇怪。 所以如果你想了解去哪里可以远离人群,
It's a map in which we stretched places, so that those areas which contain many people are drawn larger, and those areas, like the Sahara and the Himalayas, in which there are few people, have been shrunk away. 这张地图里我们对各处地点进行了伸缩, 所以那些人口众多的地区面积更大, 而像撒哈拉和喜马拉雅这些人烟稀少的地方, 则相应地被缩小了尺寸。
stretched:v.拉长;撑大;有弹性(或弹力);拉紧;(stretch的过去式和过去分词) shrunk:v.收缩(shrink的过去分词);
Everybody on the planet is given an equal amount of space. 地球上的每个人都被赋予等量的空间。
The cities are shown shining bright. 城市显得熠熠发光。
The lines are showing you submarine cables and trade routes . 那些密集的线条表示了海底电缆以及各贸易航线。
submarine:n.潜艇;adj.水下的;海底的v.用潜艇攻击;驾驶潜艇; cables:n.缆绳;钢索;电缆;电报;v.发电报;(cable的第三人称单数和复数) routes:n.路线;途径;路途;渠道;v.按某路线发送;(route的第三人称单数和复数)
And there's one particular line that goes from the Chinese port of Dalian through past Singapore, through the Suez Canal, through the Mediterranean and round to Rotterdam. 其中有一条特别的线路,起始于中国大连港, 穿过新加坡, 穿过苏伊士运河, 穿过地中海,最终绕到了荷兰的鹿特丹港。
Mediterranean:n.地中海;adj.地中海的;
And it's showing you the route of what was the world's largest ship just a year ago, a ship which was taking so many containers of goods that when they were unloaded , if the lorries had all gone in convoy , they would have been 100 kilometers long. 它所展示的是一年前 世界上最大航船的路线, 这艘船满载着无数货物, 当它进行卸货时, 若把所有运货的卡车加起来,将会有100千米长。
unloaded:adj.[电]空载的;v.卸货;解除…的负担;倾销;(unload的过去式和过去分词) lorries:n.卡车(lorry的复数形式); convoy:n.护送;护卫;护航队;vt.护航;护送;
This is how our world is now connected. 这是当今世界的连接方式。
This is the quantity of stuff we are now moving around the world, just on one ship, on one voyage , in five weeks. 如此大型的跨越大洲的运输 只需要一艘船,一次航行, 以及短短五周时间便可完成。
quantity:n.量;数量;大量;数额; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: voyage:v.航行;远行;(尤指)远航;n.航行;(尤指)航海;
We've lived in cities for a very long time, but most of us didn't live in cities. 长久以来我们一直生活在城市中, 但是很久以前大多数人并不生活在城市中。
This is ?atalh?yük, one of the world's first cities. 这是恰塔霍裕克(?atalh?yük),世界上最早的城市之一。
At its peak 9,000 years ago, people had to walk over the roofs of others' houses to get to their home. 大约在九千年前达到了它的鼎盛时期, 人们需要踩过别人家的屋顶才能回到自己的家中。
peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
If you look carefully at the map of the city, you'll see it has no streets, because streets are something we invented. 如果你仔细观察这城市地图, 你会发现它并没有街道, 因为街道是后人发明的。
The world changes. 世界在不断改变,
It changes by trial and error. 通过反复试验而不断改变。
We work out slowly and gradually how to live in better ways. 关于如何更好地生活 我们缓慢而渐进的摸索着。
gradually:adv.渐渐地;逐步地;
And the world has changed incredibly quickly most recently . 近期以来,世界飞速地转变着。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; recently:adv.最近;新近;
It's only within the last six, seven, or eight generations that we have actually realized that we are a species . 仅仅在大约两个世纪以前, 我们才真正意识到我们是一个物种。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
It's only within the last few decades that a map like this could be drawn. 直到几十年以前, 我们才得以绘制像这样的地图。
Again, the underlying map is the map of world population, but over it, you're seeing arrows showing how we spread out of Africa with dates showing you where we think we arrived at particular times. 这张地图本质上也是一张世界人口地图。 箭头标明人类从非洲迁徙到全球的路径, 各处的日期则标示了 相应的人类抵达该处的时间。
underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) spread out:冒火;喷火;
I have to redraw this map every few months, because somebody makes a discovery that a particular date was wrong. 每隔几月我都需重新绘制这地图, 因为地图上某个特定日期可能被指出有误。
redraw:vt.重画;
We are learning about ourselves at an incredible speed. 我们以不可思议的速度不断地了解自己。
And we're changing. 而我们也在改变。
A lot of change is gradual. 很多改变是循序渐进的。
It's accretion . 它慢慢堆积。
accretion:n.添加;增加物;连生;冲积层;
We don't notice the change because we only have short lives, 70, 80, if you're lucky 90 years. 我们难以察觉到这些改变, 因为我们的寿命十分短暂, 只有七八十年,长的也不过九十年。
This graph is showing you the annual rate of population growth in the world. 这幅图展示了 世界上的人口年增长率。
annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的;
It was very low until around about 1850, and then the rate of population growth began to rise so that around the time I was born, when we first saw those images from the moon of our planet, our global population was growing at two percent a year. 在1850年前一直十分低缓, 自那之后人口增长率 便开始增长, 到我出生的时候, 那正是人类第一次看到从月球传来的地球图像 全球人口开始以每年2%的增长率快速增长
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
If it had carried on growing at two percent a year for just another couple of centuries, the entire planet would be covered with a seething mass of human bodies all touching each other. 如果人口增长保持2%的年增长率 继续增长几个世纪 那么整个地球的每一片角落 都将人满为患 不留一丝空隙
seething:adj.火热的,沸腾的;v.浸透;煮沸;激动(seethe的ing形式); mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集;
And people were scared. 人们开始担心
They were scared of population growth and what they called "the population bomb" in 1968. 他们担心人口增长, 还担心1968年“人口爆炸”的年代
were scared of:害怕...
But then, if you look at the end of the graph, the growth began to slow. 不过,如果你观察图像的末端 增长率已开始放缓
the '70s, the '80s, the '90s, the noughties , and in this decade, even faster — our population growth is slowing. 70年代,80年代,90年代,00年代, 以及我们现在这个时代,下降幅度更快了, 人口增长正在减缓
noughties:21世纪头十年(即从2000年到2009年的十年);
Our planet is stabilizing . 我们的地球正趋于稳定
stabilizing:v.(使)稳定,稳固;(stabilize的现在分词)
We are heading towards nine, 10, or 11 billion people by the end of the century. 在21世纪末,我们的人口将达到90亿、 100亿或是110亿
Within that change, you can see tumult . 在人口增长的过程中,你所看到的是混乱
tumult:n.骚动;骚乱;吵闹;激动;
You can see the Second World War. 你能看到的是第二次世界大战
You can see the pandemic in 1918 from influenza . 你能看到的是1918年的大流感
pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病; influenza:n.[内科]流行性感冒(简写flu);家畜流行性感冒;
You can see the great Chinese famine . 你能看到的是中国的三年大饥荒
famine:n.饥荒;
These are the events we tend to concentrate on . 这些都是我们关注的大事件
concentrate on:集中精力于;全神贯注于;
We tend to concentrate on the terrible events in the news. 我们更倾向于关注这些可怕的新闻事件,
We don't tend to concentrate on the gradual change and the good news stories. 而不是关注那些循序渐进的变化 以及那些被忽略的美好消息
We worry about people. 我们担心人口
We worry about how many people there are. 我们担心到底有多少人。
We worry about how you can get away from people. 我们会千方百计远离人群。
But this is the map of the world changed again to make area large, the further away people are from each area. 不过这又是一幅不同的世界地图, 在这些区域中人们离彼此更远了。
So if you want to know where to go to get away from everybody, here's the best places to go. 所以如果你想了解去哪里可以远离人群, 这些地方是最佳去处。
And every year, these areas get bigger, because every year, we are coming off the land globally. 每一年,这些地区的面积都不断扩大, 因为每一年,人们都远离农村
We are moving into the cities. 动身前往城市,
We are packing in more densely . 挤入人口密集且日益狭窄的城市。
densely:adv.浓密地;密集地;
There are wolves again in Europe, and the wolves are moving west across the continent . 欧洲再次有了狼, 如今狼在越过整个大洲向西迁移。
continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
Our world is changing. 我们的世界正在改变。
You have worries. 你心存忧虑。
This is a map showing where the water falls on our planet. 这张地图展示了地球各地的降水量情况。
We now know that. 我们现在有所了解。
And you can look at where ?atalh?yük was, where three continents meet, Africa, Asia, and Europe, and you can see there are a large number of people living there in areas with very little water. 你可以看到恰塔霍裕克的位置, 处于亚非欧三大洲的交界处, 你还可以看到有许多人生活在 这片区域中极度缺水的地方。
continents:n.[地理]大陆,大洲(continent复数);
And you can see areas in which there is a great deal of rainfall as well. 你也可以看到降雨量充沛的地区。
a great deal of:大量; rainfall:n.降雨;降雨量;
And we can get a bit more sophisticated . 我们对于地图的探索还可以再深入一点。
sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的;
Instead of making the map be shaped by people, we can shape the map by water, and then we can change it every month to show the amount of water falling on every small part of the globe. 除了以人口分布来绘制地图, 我们还可以根据降水量绘制, 我们可以通过每月的变动 来显示世界上每一个小角落 降水的总量。
And you see the monsoons moving around the planet, and the planet almost appears to have a heartbeat . 你看到全球范围内的季风移动, 我们的星球似乎有着规律性的心脏跳动。
monsoons:季节风; heartbeat:n.心跳;情感;
And all of this only became possible within my lifetime to see this is where we are living. 在我的有生之年对我们所居住的星球进行详细的观察 成为了可能。
We have enough water. 我们有足够的水资源。
This is a map of where we grow our food in the world. 这张地图展示了全世界的粮食种植分布情况。
This is the areas that we will rely on most for rice and maize and corn. 这些区域是我们赖以生存的米饭、玉米、谷物的种植区。
rely:vi.依靠;信赖; maize:adj.黄色的,玉米色的;n.玉米;黄色,玉米色;
People worry that there won't be enough food, but we know, if we just ate less meat and fed less of the crops to animals, there is enough food for everybody as long as we think of ourselves as one group of people. 人们担心食物将会短缺,但是我们清楚, 只要我们少吃点肉,少给牲畜喂点庄稼, 只要我们把所有的人视为同胞, 我们的粮食将绰绰有余。
as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
And we also know about what we do so terribly badly nowadays. 我们也清楚, 我们现在的所作所为 有多么糟糕。
You will have seen this map of the world before. 你们可能以前见过这张世界地图。
This is the map produced by taking satellite images, if you remember those satellites around the planet in the very first slide I showed, and producing an image of what the Earth looks like at night. 这是一张由卫星图像生成的地图。 如果你还记得我在一开始展示的 那些环绕地球的人造卫星, 这些人造卫星生成了地球的夜间图像。
When you normally see that map, on a normal map, the kind of map that most of you will be used to, you think you are seeing a map of where people live. 如果你常规地看那张地图, 那种你们习以为常的地图, 你会认为你眼前的地图标示了人们的居住地。
normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地;
Where the lights are shining up is where people live. 灯光明亮的地方便是人们居住的地方。
But here, on this image of the world, remember we've stretched the map again. 但是在这张世界图像中, 要明白我们又一次延伸了地图。
Everywhere has the same density of people on this map. 这张地图上的人口密度处处相等。
density:n.密度;
If an area doesn't have people, we've shrunk it away to make it disappear . 如果一片区域荒无人烟, 我们便把它缩小, 使它消失在地图之外。
disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在;
So we're showing everybody with equal prominence . 所以我们表现的是 每个人都地位相同。
prominence:n.突出;显著;突出物;卓越;
Now, the lights no longer show you where people are, because people are everywhere. 现在,光亮不再显示人们的所在, 因为哪里都有人。
Now the lights on the map, the lights in London, the lights in Cairo , the lights in Tokyo, the lights on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States, the lights show you where people live who are so profligate with energy that they can afford to spend money powering lights to shine up into the sky, so satellites can draw an image like this. 现在地图上的光, 这些光出现在伦敦,在开罗,在东京 在美国东海岸。 它告诉我们 富裕的人们 是多么不吝惜珍贵的能源 仅仅是为了 照亮整个夜空, 如此卫星才能绘制出这样的图像。
Cairo:开罗(埃及首都) Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; Seaboard:n.海滨;沿海地方;海岸线;adj.海滨的; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) profligate:adj.放荡的,不检点的;恣意挥霍的;n.放荡者;享乐者; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
And the areas that are dark on the map are either areas where people do not have access to that much energy, or areas where people do, but they have learned to stop shining the light up into the sky. 而地图上那些暗淡的区域 是那里的人们并没有那么多能源, 又或是他们有这样的能力, 但是明白不随意浪费能源的重要性
And if I could show you this map animated over time, you would see that Tokyo has actually become darker, because ever since the tsunami in Japan, 如果我能够使这张地图随着时间动态展示, 你会看到实际上东京变得更暗了, 因为自从日本海啸以来,
animated:adj.栩栩如生的; v.使具活力; (animate的过去分词和过去式) tsunami:n.海啸;
Japan has had to rely on a quarter less electricity because it turned the nuclear power stations off. 日本的电力供应便少了四分之一, 因为日本关闭了核电站。
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; nuclear power:na.核大国;
And the world didn't end. 世界并没有走向末日。
You just shone less light up into the sky. 只是黑夜中的光亮, 在不断减少而已。
There are a huge number of good news stories in the world. 世界上还有无数 振奋人心的好消息。
Infant mortality is falling and has been falling at an incredible rate. 婴儿死亡率正在下降, 以不可思议的速度飞速下降。
Infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
A few years ago, the number of babies dying in their first year of life in the world fell by five percent in just one year. 几年前, 婴儿在出生一年内的死亡率, 仅一年就下降了5%。
More children are going to school and learning to read and write and getting connected to the Internet and going on to go to university than ever before at an incredible rate, 越来越多的孩子来到学校, 学习听说读写, 接触到了互联网, 并前往大学深造, 这一增长速率也令人惊讶。
and the highest number of young people going to university in the world are women, not men. 世界上读大学最多的年轻人 是女生而不是男生。
I can give you good news story after good news story about what is getting better in the planet, but we tend to concentrate on the bad news that is immediate. 我可以源源不断地举出 我们星球上正在变好的事情, 但是我们更易于关注 眼下的坏消息。
Rebecca Solnit, I think, put it brilliantly , when she explained: "The accretion of incremental , imperceptible changes which can constitute progress and which render our era dramatically different from the past" — the past was much more stable — 我认为,丽贝卡·索尔尼的描述颇为精确, 她解释道:“循序渐进的累积,难以察觉的改变, 可以组成时代的进程并成为时代的象征, 产生与过去显着的不同”—— 过去是那么稳固一成不变——
brilliantly:adv.灿烂地;辉煌地;光亮地; incremental:adj.增加的,增值的; imperceptible:adj.感觉不到的;极细微的; constitute:v.组成;构成;(合法或正式地)成立,设立; render:v.提供;给予;提交;翻译;n.粉刷;[建](墙壁的)初涂;抹灰;精制油; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房;
'"a contrast obscured by the undramatic nature of gradual transformation , punctuated by occasional tumult." “那些被自然演化过程中不变特性所掩盖的差异, 最终因为偶然的事件而被人们所重视。”
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; obscured:adj.遮蔽的;湮没的;v.掩盖;使含混;变得模糊(obscure的过去分词); undramatic:adj.平淡无奇的;缺乏戏剧性的;不适合戏剧的; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; punctuated:vt.不时打断;强调;加标点于;vi.加标点; occasional:adj.偶然的;临时的;特殊场合的;
Occasionally , terrible things happen. 时常会有可怕的事情不期而遇。
Occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然;
You are shown those terrible things on the news every night of the week. 那些可怕的事情 在每周的晚间新闻循环播报。
You are not told about the population slowing down. 你并不知晓人口增长的放缓。
You are not told about the world becoming more connected. 你并不知晓世界的联系日益紧密。
You are not told about the incredible improvements in understanding. 你并不知晓理解方面突破性的进展。
improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数)
You are not told about how we are learning to begin to waste less and consume less. 你并不知晓我们正试图 逐渐减少消耗与浪费。
consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁;
This is my last map. 这是我最后一张地图。
On this map, we have taken the seas and the oceans out. 这张地图上,我们移除了大海大洋。
Now you are just looking at about 7.4 billion people with the map drawn in proportion to those people. 现在你看到的 就是一张显示了74亿人民的地图。
in proportion to:与…成比例,与…相称;
You're looking at over a billion in China, and you can see the largest city in the world in China, but you do not know its name. 你看到中国超过10亿的人口, 你看到中国有着世界上最大的城市, 但你并不知道它的名字。
You can see that India is in the center of this world. 你可以看到印度 位于世界的中心。
You can see that Europe is on the edge. 你可以看到欧洲位于世界的边缘。
And we in Exeter today are on the far edge of the planet. 我们今天所在的埃克赛特（英国西南城市） 在星球的遥远的边境。
We are on a tiny scrap of rock off Europe which contains less than one percent of the world's adults, and less than half a percent of the world's children. 我们位于欧洲的小碎片上, 包含了全世界不到1%的成年人 和不到0.5%的儿童。
scrap:n.碎片;残余物;打架;少量;v.废弃;使解体;拆毁;adj.废弃的;零碎的;
We are living in a stabilizing world, an urbanizing world, an aging world, a connecting world. 我们生活在一个逐渐稳定的世界,一个城市化的世界, 一个老龄化的世界, 一个互联互通的世界。
urbanizing:vt.使都市化;使文雅;
There are many, many things to be frightened about, but there is no need for us to fear each other as much as we do, and we need to see that we are now living in a new world. 有许多许多事情需要担心, 但是我们没有必要杞人忧天, 我们需要发现我们现在正生活在一个崭新的世界。
frightened:adj.害怕的;受惊的;惊吓的;v.使惊吓;使惊恐;(frighten的过去分词和过去式)
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
(Applause) （掌声）