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DanielleWood_2017S-_可以用来造福地球的6种太空技术_
I was 17 when I chose my career . 我是在17岁的时候 选定自己的职业的。
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
I was standing outside on a hot summer night in Florida and just a few miles from the ocean. 那是在佛罗里达一个炎热的夏夜, 我站在户外距离海边 也就几英里的地方。
I was waiting for a miracle to happen. 我在等待一个奇迹的发生。
miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例;
That summer, I was privileged to work as an intern at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, and the miracle I was waiting for was the launch of the Columbia Space Shuttle carrying the Chandra X-Ray Observatory , a telescope that would allow scientists to peer into the edge of black holes. 那年夏天,我有幸作为一名实习生 在NASA的肯尼迪航天中心工作, 而我等待的这个奇迹, 就是哥伦比亚号航天飞机的发射, 它装载了钱德拉X射线天文台, 那是一台望远镜, 可以帮助科学家观察黑洞的边缘。
privileged:adj.有特权的; v.给予特权; (privilege的过去式和过去分词) intern:n.实习医生; v.(战争期间或由于政治原因未经审讯)拘留; launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; Space Shuttle:n.航天飞机; Chandra:n.钱德拉(印度的月神); Observatory:n.天文台;气象台;瞭望台; telescope:n.望远镜;v.(使)叠套缩短;精简; peer:n.同辈;同龄人;身份(或地位)相同的人;(英国)贵族成员;v.仔细看;端详;
The entire sky filled with light. 整个天空都被点亮了。
And it was as if it was daytime in the middle of the night. 午夜被照得如同白昼。
Soon, we could feel the rumble of the engines vibrating in our chests. 很快,引擎的轰鸣 在我们的胸中产生了共鸣。
rumble:vt.使隆隆响;低沉地说;vi.隆隆作响;n.隆隆声;抱怨声; vibrating:v.(使)振动,颤动,摆动(vibrate的现在分词)
And it wasn't a miracle; it was the combined effort of a team of thousands of people who worked together to make was seemed impossible a reality. 这不是奇迹, 而是数千人共同努力, 同甘共苦, 完成了一项不可能完成的任务。
And I wanted to join that team. 我想成为他们中的一员。
So I decided to apply to a university where I could study aerospace engineering. 于是我决定申请一所 能让我学习航天工程学的大学。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; aerospace:n.航空宇宙;[航]航空航天空间;
And the following year, 接下来的那年,
I started at MIT in my engineering training and joined a student project building space robots. 我开始在麻省理工学习工程学, 参与了一个学生项目, 建造太空机器人。
And everything was going as I planned, except I was confused about something important. 一切都很顺利,按计划进行, 除了一点,我在 某些重要的事情上感到困惑。
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
Now, my confusion arose in my summer breaks. 具体说来,我的困惑产生于那年暑假。
confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘; arose:vi.出现(arise的过去式);引发;
I traveled to a school in Kenya, and there I volunteered with girls ages five to 17, giving them lessons in English and math and science. 我旅行到了肯尼亚的一所学校, 在那里支教,辅导5到17岁的女孩 英文、数学和科学。
volunteered:v.自愿做;义务做;自愿参军;(volunteer的过去分词和过去式)
And they taught me songs in Swahili. 她们教我用斯瓦西里语唱歌。
And mostly, I just spent time getting to know the girls, enjoying their presence . 大部分时间里, 我都是在跟姑娘们增进了解, 跟她们在一起我就很开心。
presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
And I saw that these girls and the leaders in their community , they were overcoming important barriers to allow these girls to have the best possible chances in life. 我看到这些女孩和她们的社区领袖, 突破了重重障碍, 给了这些姑娘们 一生中可能最好的机会。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; overcoming:v.克服;解决;战胜;(overcome的现在分词) barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式);
And I wanted to join that team. 我也想加入这个团队。
I wanted to be part of a team that would help break down barriers and improve the lives of girls around the world. 我想成为他们中的一员, 帮助他们突破阻碍, 改善世界各地女孩的生活。
improve:v.改进;改善;
But I was worried that studying aerospace engineering wasn't the most useful. 但我感到担心,觉得学习航天工程 对此并无太大帮助。
I was worried this team in Kenya couldn't use the technology 我担心肯尼亚的这个团队,
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
I was learning about space. 用不上我所学的太空技术。
But thankfully , I still learned that I was wrong. 但谢天谢地,后来我发现自己错了。
thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地;
I came back and interned at NASA again, and this time, a mentor taught me that countries like Kenya had been using space technology for decades to improve the lives in their own countries. 我再次回到NASA实习, 这一次, 一位导师告诉我 像肯尼亚这样的国家,使用太空技术
interned:v.拘留,禁闭,关押;(intern的过去分词和过去式) mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导;
And then I knew that I could have a career in space and in development. 之后我了解到,我可以 从事一门与太空 和发展都有关的职业。
This idea is not new. 这个想法并不新鲜。
In fact, in 1967, the nations of the world came together to write the Outer Space Treaty . 实际上,在1967年,世界各国 就签署了《外层空间条约》。
Outer:adj.外面的,外部的;远离中心的;n.环外命中; Treaty:n.条约,协议;谈判;
This treaty made a bold statement , saying, "The exploration and use of outer space should be carried on for the benefit of all peoples, irrespective of their level of economic or scientific development." 该条约做了一个明确的声明, “外层空间的探索和使用, 必须有利于全人类, 无论他们的经济发展水平 或科技发展水平如何。”
bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术; for the benefit of:为…的利益; irrespective of:prep.不考虑;不管;不受…影响;adj.不顾;不考虑; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
We have not truly lived up to this ideal, although people have worked for decades to make this a reality. 尽管我们已经努力了数十年, 但这一理想并未真正实现。
Forces such as colonialism and racism and gender inequality have actually excluded many people from the benefits of space and caused us to believe that space is for the few or the rich or elite . 殖民主义、种族主义和 性别不平等 已经阻碍了很多人 享受太空开发的福利, 以至于我们会误以为, 太空只属于少数人, 富人或者精英群体。
colonialism:n.殖民主义;殖民政策; racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见; gender:n.性别; excluded:v.排除;拒绝;把…除外;驱除;(excluded是exclude的过去分词) elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物;
But we cannot afford this attitude , because the world is engaged in a vital mission to improve life for everyone. 但我们不能接受这种态度, 因为世界给我们一个重要的使命, 就是让所有人都生活得更好。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势; engaged in:从事于;忙于; vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的; mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
Our road map for this mission comes from the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations . 这项使命的发展蓝图来自于联合国的
Sustainable Development:可持续发展; United Nations:n.联合国;
All the member states of the United Nations have agreed that these are priorities between now and 2030. 联合国所有成员国一致同意, 这是2030年前的优先目标。
priorities:n.优先事项;优先权;重点;(priority的复数)
These goals give us our key moments and opportunities of our time -- opportunities to end extreme poverty , to insure that everyone has access to food and clean water. 这些目标展示了我们这个时代的 关键时刻和机会, 消除极端贫困的机会, 保证每个人都可以得到 食物和清洁用水。
extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; insure:v.投保;给…保险;接受投保;承保;
We must pursue these goals as a global community. 国际社会必须共同努力, 来实现这些目标。
pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
And technology from space supports sustainable development. 而太空技术可以支持可持续发展。
In fact, there are six space services that can help us pursue the Sustainable Development Goals. 实际上,有6种太空服务 可以帮助我们实现可持续发展目标。
Over the next few minutes, let's explore these six services, and see examples of just a few of the goals they help support. 在接下来的时间里, 我们就来了解一下这6种服务, 看看它们支持的一些目标。
explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
You ready? 准备好了吗？
OK. 好的。
Communication satellites provide access to phone and internet service to almost any location on Earth. 通信卫星让我们可以在 地球上几乎任何一个角落 使用电话和网络服务。
location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位
This is particularly important during times of disaster recovery . 尤其在灾后重建的时候非常重要。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获;
When Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines , the local communication networks needed to be repaired, and teams brought in inflatable communication antennas that could link to satellites. 当台风“海燕”袭击菲律宾的时候, 当地的通信网络需要修复, 抢险队带来了充气式卫星天线, 可以与卫星连接。
Philippines:n.菲律宾; inflatable:adj.膨胀的,可充气的;得意的; antennas:n.[电讯]天线,[动]触角(antenna的复数形式);
This was useful during the time of repair and recovery. 在灾后修复和重建时期非常有用。
repair:v.修理;修补;修缮;补救;n.修理;修补;修缮;
Positioning satellites tell us where we are by telling us where they are. 定位卫星通过告诉我们它们的位置 来确定我们的位置。
Scientists can use this technology to track endangered wildlife. 科学家们可以利用这种技术 来跟踪濒危野生动物。
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; endangered:v.使遭危险;危及;危害;(endanger的过去分词和过去式)
This turtle has been fitted with a system that allows it to receive location information from positioning satellites, and they send the location information to scientists via communication satellites. 这只海龟就装载了定位系统, 可以接收定位卫星发来的位置信息, 他们将位置信息通过通信卫星 发给科学家。
turtle:海龟,乌龟 via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道;
Scientists can use this knowledge to then make better policies and help determine how to keep these animals alive. 科学家可以利用这些资料, 制定更好的政策, 来保护这些动物。
policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排;
Earth observation satellites. 地球观测卫星。
observation:n.观察;观测;监视;(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论;
They tell us what's going on in our environment. 它们监测我们的周边环境。
Right now, there are about 150 satellites operated by over 60 government agencies , and these are just those observing the Earth. 目前,有差不多150颗卫星, 由超过60个政府部门控制, 这还仅仅只是用来监测地球的。
agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数); observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的;v.观察;遵守(observe的现在分词);
And meanwhile , companies are adding to this list. 同时,还有许多公司也在参与进来。
meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时;
Most of the governments provide the data from the satellites for free online. 大部分政府都会将这些数据 免费公布在网上。
Some of these satellites provide images like this, that show what you would see from a camera. 有些卫星会提供这样的图片, 是通过摄像头拍摄的。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
This is an image showing agricultural land in Kansas . 这张照片拍的是 堪萨斯州的农业用地。
agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; Kansas:n.堪萨斯州(美国州名);
However, the majority of the Earth observation satellites don't take pictures at all. 然而,大部分的地球观测卫星 根本不会拍摄照片。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
They take measurements . 而是进行测量。
measurements:n.测量值,尺寸(measurement的复数);
And they combine these measurements with complex computer models and make beautiful, global visualizations such as this one, showing the ocean currents and the temperature of the ocean, globally. 然后将这些测量结果 输入复杂的计算机模型, 生成美丽的全球可视化图像, 就像这幅, 展示的是洋流 以及全球海洋的温度。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; visualizations:n.[计]可视化(visualization的复数形式);直观化;
Or we can look at the salt and smoke and dust in the atmosphere , or the rainfall and snowfall , globally, as well as the annual cycle of vegetation on land and in the ocean. 我们还可以查看全球大气中的 盐分、烟气以及沙尘, 或者降雨和降雪, 还有陆地和海洋植物 在一年中的变化。
atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; rainfall:n.降雨;降雨量; snowfall:n.降雪;降雪量; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; vegetation:n.植被;植物,草木;呆板单调的生活;
Now, scientists can take this information about the rainfall and the vegetation and use it to understand what areas on Earth are in danger of a famine or a drought and provide that information to aid organizations so they can be prepared with food aid before the hunger becomes severe . 科学家可以利用降雨和植被的信息 来进行推测, 地球上的哪些地区 处于饥荒或干旱的危险中, 并把这些信息提供给救援组织, 以便准备应急食物, 防止饥荒情况恶化。
famine:n.饥荒; drought:n.干旱;缺乏; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的;
In space, we have an orbiting laboratory on the International Space Station . 在太空中的国际空间站 有轨道实验室。
orbiting:v.[航][天]轨道运行;轨道运动;转圈(orbit的ing形式); laboratory:n.实验室,研究室; Space Station:n.太空站;航天站;宇宙空间站;
The vehicle and everything inside are in a form of free fall around the Earth, and they don't experience the effect of gravity. 这个实验室和里面的所有东西 在绕地球运行时 都处于自由落体状态, 不受重力的影响。
vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物; free fall:n.自由落体;自由投放;自由下降;
And because of this, we call it " microgravity ." 因此我们称之为“微重力”。
microgravity:n.[生理]微重力;
When astronauts are in the microgravity environment, their bodies react as if they're aging rapidly. 当宇航员处于微重力环境下时, 他们的身体反应 就如同迅速变老一般。
react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应;
Their bones and muscles weaken , and their cardiovascular system and their immune system change. 骨骼和肌肉变弱, 心血管系统和免疫系统发生变化。
muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数); weaken:v.削弱;减弱;衰弱;动摇; cardiovascular:adj.[解剖]心血管的; immune system:n.免疫系统;
As scientists study how to keep astronauts healthy in space, we can take the exercises and techniques we use for astronauts and transfer them to people on Earth to improve our health here. 科学家们正在研究 如何保证宇航员在太空中的健康, 而我们则可以将用在 宇航员身上的实践和技术, 应用在普通人身上, 以改善他们的健康。
techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移;
Often, as we develop technology for astronauts and exploration or for spacecraft , we can also transfer those inventions to improve life on Earth. 通常情况下,我们用在 宇航员、宇宙探索 或者宇宙飞船上的技术, 也同样可以转化 用于改善地球上的生活。
spacecraft:n.[宇]宇宙飞船;航天器;
Here's one of my favorites. 下面是我最喜欢的一种。
It's a water filtration system, and a key component of it is based on the technology to filter wastewater on the space station. 水过滤系统, 其中的关键部件就是基于 空间站废水过滤技术 而制造出来的。
filtration:n.过滤;筛选; component:n.成分;部件;组成部分;adj.构成的; filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行; wastewater:n.废水,污水;
It's now being used around the world. 现在全世界都在用它。
Space is also an infinite source of inspiration, through education, through research and astronomy and that age-old experience of stargazing . 太空还是灵感的无限源泉, 通过教育, 通过研究和天文学 以及长时间的观星。
infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限; source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; astronomy:n.天文学; age-old:adj.古老的;由来已久的; stargazing:n.耽于幻想;心不在焉;v.眺望星星;空想(stargaze的现在分词);
Now, countries around the world are engaging in advancing their own development by increasing their local knowledge of engineering and science and space. 现在,全球各国都在努力推动 自身的发展, 通过增强其在工程、科学 和太空领域的实力。
engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
Let's meet some of the world's newest satellite engineers. 让我们来认识一下 最新一代的卫星工程师。
This is Elyka Abello, from Venezuela . 这是来自委内瑞拉的 艾丽卡·阿贝罗。
Venezuela:n.委内瑞拉;
Elyka is training as a satellite engineer as part of her national satellite program in Venezuela. 艾丽卡学的是卫星工程, 是委内瑞拉国家卫星计划的一部分。
She has designed a software tool that allows her team to better design the power systems for engineering. 她设计了一种软件工具, 能帮助她的团队更好的设计 工程动力系统。
This is Adel Castillo-Duran, from the Philippines. 这是阿黛尔·卡斯蒂略-杜兰, 菲律宾人。
Adel is both a meteorologist and a satellite engineer, and she uses data from satellites in her weather forecasting . 阿黛尔既是气象学家, 又是卫星工程师, 她使用卫星数据进行天气预测。
meteorologist:n.气象学者; forecasting:n.预测;v.预言;作预告(forecast的ing形式);
And finally , meet Hala. 最后这位是哈拉。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
Hala is from the Sudan, and as she was studying electrical engineering as an undergraduate in Khartoum, she and several students decided to build their own satellite. 哈拉来自苏丹, 她本科在喀土穆学的是电子工程 电子工程, 她和几个同学决定 做一颗自己的卫星。
electrical engineering:n.电气工程;电机工程学; undergraduate:n.本科生;
And later, Hala earned a scholarship to study satellite engineering at the graduate level. 不久后,哈拉获得了卫星工程 研究生奖学金。
scholarship:n.奖学金;学问;学识;学术成就;
These stories that I've shared with you all illustrate that space truly is useful for sustainable development for the benefit of all peoples. 我分享给大家的这些故事, 充分证明了太空技术 对于可持续发展的用处, 它是惠及全人类的。
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实;
But we have more work to do, because there are still barriers that exclude people from space and limit the impact of this technology. 但我们还任重道远, 因为还存在不少阻碍, 让人们无法进一步接近太空, 更限制了各种技术的应用。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
For many people, Earth observation data is complex. 对许多人来说, 地球观测数据很复杂。
And satellite communication services are too expensive. 卫星通信服务很昂贵。
And microgravity research just appears to be inaccessible . 微重力研究看起来又是那么遥不可及。
inaccessible:adj.难达到的;难接近的;难见到的;
This is what motivates my work as a professor at MIT's Media Lab. 这就是我成为麻省理工媒体实验室 一名教授的原因。
motivates:v.促使;刺激;给与动机(motivate的三单形式); Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
I've recently founded a new research group called Space Enabled . 我最近成立了一个新的 研究小组,叫做“拥抱太空”。
recently:adv.最近;新近; Enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式)
We are working to tear down these barriers that limit the benefits of space. 我们致力于消除阻碍, 让大家充分享受太空技术的好处。
And we're also going to develop the future applications that will continue to contribute to sustainable development. 我们也会继续发展前瞻性的应用, 继续为可持续发展做贡献。
contribute to:有助于;捐献;
We'll keep on this work until we can truly say that space is for the benefit of all peoples, and we are all space enabled. 我们将不断努力, 直到我们可以真正宣布, 太空技术惠及了全人类, 太空属于我们每个人。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) （掌声）