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DanielSuarez_2013G-_机器人不该拥有致命决策的权力_
I write fiction sci-fi thrillers , so if I say "killer robots," 我寫驚悚科幻小說 所以如果我談到「殺手機器人」
sci-fi:n.科幻小说(等于sciencefiction); thrillers:n.恐怖片;惊险小说(thriller的复数形式);惊悚片;
you'd probably think something like this. 你可能會覺得是這樣的東西
But I'm actually not here to talk about fiction. 但事實上我不是來這裡談論小說的
I'm here to talk about very real killer robots, autonomous combat drones . 我是來這裡談論真正的殺手機器人 自主的無人戰機
autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的; combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗; drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数)
Now, I'm not referring to Predator and Reaper drones, which have a human making targeting decisions. 我的意思不是掠奪者或是收割者無人戰機 由人類來決定目標
referring:v.引用;提到;将…归因于…;把…提交;(refer的现在分词) Predator:n.[动]捕食者;[动]食肉动物;掠夺者; Reaper:n.收割者;收割机;收获者;[常the(Grim)R~]死神,死;
I'm talking about fully autonomous robotic weapons that make lethal decisions about human beings all on their own. 我說的是全自動的機械武器 能有自主性的對人類做出致命性的決策 不倚靠人類
robotic:adj.机器人的,像机器人的;自动的;n.机器人学; lethal:adj.致命的,致死的;n.致死因子;
There's actually a technical term for this: lethal autonomy . 這有個專門術語:致命自主
technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; autonomy:n.自治,自治权;
Now, lethally autonomous killer robots would take many forms -- flying, driving, or just lying in wait. 致命性自主殺手機器人 有多種模式－飛行、陸行 或只是待命
lethally:adv.致命地;危害地;极具威胁地;
And actually, they're very quickly becoming a reality. 事實上它們很快就要問世了
These are two automatic sniper stations currently deployed in the DMZ between North and South Korea. 這是兩座自動狙擊台 目前部署在南北韓非軍事區
automatic:adj.自动的;无意识的;必然的;n.自动步枪;自动换挡汽车; sniper:n.狙击手; currently:adv.当前;一般地; deployed:v.部署(deploy的过去式);展开;
Both of these machines are capable of automatically identifying a human target and firing on it, the one on the left at a distance of over a kilometer. 這兩台機器都是自動的 能夠辨識人類的位置並開火射擊 左邊這台能瞄準超過一公里
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的; identifying:n.识别,标识;标识关系;v.识别;(identify的现在分词) at a distance:在远处;有相当距离;
Now, in both cases, there's still a human in the loop to make that lethal firing decision, but it's not a technological requirement. It's a choice. 這兩座狙擊台都還是有人力介入 來下達致命攻擊的決策 但並不是技術上的需要,而是選項
in the loop:在消息圈内;在决策圈内;在参与机密的智囊团内; technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的;
And it's that choice that I want to focus on, because as we migrate lethal decision-making from humans to software, we risk not only taking the humanity out of war, but also changing our social landscape entirely, far from the battlefield . 這個選項就是我的重點 因為當我們將致命決策權 由人類轉移到軟體設備 我們冒的風險不僅是將人性抽離戰爭 同時也完全改變了我們的社會景觀 遠遠不是戰場可以形容的
migrate:vi.移动;随季节而移居;移往;vt.使移居;使移植; decision-making:n.决策; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境; battlefield:n.战场;沙场;斗争的领域;容易引发冲突的情况
That's because the way humans resolve conflict shapes our social landscape. 因為人類解決衝突的方法 塑造了我們社會的樣貌
resolve:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
And this has always been the case, throughout history. 自古以來皆是如此
throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
For example, these were state-of-the-art weapons systems in 1400 A.D. 好比說這些是西元1400年時 最先進的武器系統
state-of-the-art:adj.最先进的;已经发展的;达到最高水准的;
Now they were both very expensive to build and maintain , but with these you could dominate the populace , and the distribution of political power in feudal society reflected that. 儘管建造、保養代價高昂 但是透過這些武器我們可以統治群眾 封建社會下政治力量的分布顯示了這一點
maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见); dominate:vt.控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位;vi.占优势;处于支配地位; populace:n.大众;平民;人口; distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销; feudal:adj.封建制度的;领地的;世仇的; reflected:adj.反射的;得自他人的;v.反射;思考;(reflect的过去式和过去分词)
Power was focused at the very top. 力量集中在最頂端
And what changed? Technological innovation . 什麼改變了？科技革新
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
Gunpowder , cannon . 火藥、大砲
Gunpowder:n.火药;有烟火药; cannon:n.(通常装有轮子并发射铁弹或石弹的旧式)大炮;v.猛撞;碰撞;
And pretty soon, armor and castles were obsolete , and it mattered less who you brought to the battlefield versus how many people you brought to the battlefield. 不久之後,盔甲和城堡就被淘汰了 戰場上有什麼士兵不重要 數量有多少才是關鍵
armor:n.[军]装甲;盔甲;v.为…装甲; obsolete:adj.废弃的;老式的;n.废词;陈腐的人;vt.淘汰;废弃; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗;
And as armies grew in size, the nation-state arose as a political and logistical requirement of defense. 當軍隊壯大之後,出現了民族國家 來滿足政治及後勤方面在防禦上的需求
nation-state:n.单一民族国家; arose:vi.出现(arise的过去式);引发; logistical:adj.后勤方面的;运筹的,逻辑的;
And as leaders had to rely on more of their populace, they began to share power. 當領導人必須更加倚靠他們的人民 就會開始分權
rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
Representative government began to form. 代議政府開始成形
Representative:n.代表; adj.典型的;
So again, the tools we use to resolve conflict shape our social landscape. 再一次,我們用來解決衝突的工具 塑造了我們社會的樣貌
Autonomous robotic weapons are such a tool, except that, by requiring very few people to go to war, they risk re-centralizing power into very few hands, possibly reversing a five-century trend toward democracy . 自主機械武器就是這種工具 但是因為發動戰爭所需的人數不多 有極少數人再度集權統治的風險 可能讓五百年來民主化的趨勢走回頭路
reversing:v.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反;(reverse的现在分词) trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
Now, I think, knowing this, we can take decisive steps to preserve our democratic institutions , to do what humans do best, which is adapt . 我想,了解了之後 我們可以果斷的維持民主制度 來做我們人類最擅長的事,那就是適應環境
decisive:adj.决定性的;果断的,坚定的; preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应;
But time is a factor . 但時間是一個因素
factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入;
Seventy nations are developing remotely-piloted combat drones of their own, and as you'll see, remotely-piloted combat drones are the precursors to autonomous robotic weapons. 有七十個國家正在研發 他們自己的遠程無人戰鬥機 如你所見,遠程無人戰鬥機 正是自主機械武器的前身
precursors:n.前体细胞(precursor的复数);先驱者(precursor的复数);
That's because once you've deployed remotely-piloted drones, there are three powerful factors pushing decision-making away from humans and on to the weapon platform itself. 因為一旦部屬了遠程無人戰鬥機 就會有三個強而有力的因素 迫使人們把決定權交給武器平台本身
factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
The first of these is the deluge of video that drones produce. 第一個因素是無人戰機所拍攝的大量影像
deluge:n.洪水;泛滥;暴雨;vt.使泛滥;压倒;
For example, in 2004, the U.S. drone fleet produced a grand total of 71 hours of video surveillance for analysis . 像是在2004年,美國的無人機艦隊 拍攝了長達71小時的影像監控以供分析之用
fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的; grand total:n.总计;共计; surveillance:n.监督;监视; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定;
By 2011, this had gone up to 300,000 hours, outstripping human ability to review it all, but even that number is about to go up drastically . 到了2011年,影像長度增為30萬小時 超出人類檢視所有影像的能力 但即使數字之大,它依然大幅成長
outstripping:vt.超过;胜过;比…跑得快(outstrip的变形); is about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将; drastically:adv.彻底地;激烈地;
The Pentagon's Gorgon Stare and Argus programs will put up to 65 independently operated camera eyes on each drone platform, and this would vastly outstrip human ability to review it. 五角大廈的「戈爾貢之眼(Gorgon Stare)」和「百眼巨人(Argus)」計畫 將會有65台獨立運作的攝影機 安裝在每架無人飛機上 而這將大幅超越人類所能檢視的能力
Gorgon:n.蛇发女怪(希腊神话中的一个形象);丑陋女人; Stare:v.凝视;盯着看;注视;n.凝视; Argus:n.百眼巨人(希腊神话中的一个形象); put up to:使(某人)熟悉;指导(某人)做;唆使(某人)做;把(某事)提请…决定; independently:adv.独立地;自立地; vastly:adv.极大地;广大地;深远地;
And that means visual intelligence software will need to scan it for items of interest. 這意味著視覺智慧軟體必須掃描影像 找出我們感興趣的部分
visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; items:n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一则,一条(新闻)(item的复数)
And that means very soon drones will tell humans what to look at, not the other way around. 這表示不久後無人飛機 將會告訴人類該看哪些部分 而非由人類來決定
But there's a second powerful incentive pushing decision-making away from humans and onto machines, and that's electromagnetic jamming, severing the connection between the drone and its operator . 還有第二個動機 迫使我們把決定權交給機器 那就是電磁干擾 它會切斷無人飛機 和操作員的連線
incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的; electromagnetic:adj.电磁的; severing:v.切断;分离;分割;中止…的雇用合同;区别(sever的ing形式);n.切断;切割; operator:n.算子;接线员;操作人员;骗子;
Now we saw an example of this in 2011 when an American RQ-170 Sentinel drone got a bit confused over Iran due to a GPS spoofing attack, but any remotely-piloted drone is susceptible to this type of attack, and that means drones will have to shoulder more decision-making. 我們現在看到的例子是在2011年 美國的RQ-170哨兵式(Sentinel)無人飛機 在伊朗上空因為GPS受到欺騙攻擊而陷入混亂 這種攻擊對任何遠程無人飛機都有效 這表示無人飛機 必須去承擔更多決策
Sentinel:n.哨兵;vt.守卫,放哨; confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式) spoofing:n.电子欺骗;哄骗;v.哄骗;戏弄;嘲讽(spoof的ing形式); susceptible:adj.易受影响的;易感动的;容许…的;n.易得病的人;
They'll know their mission objective , and they'll react to new circumstances without human guidance. 它們會知道它們的任務目標 沒有人類指導也能對新的狀況作出反應
mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; objective:n.目标; adj.客观的; react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应; circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数)
They'll ignore external radio signals and send very few of their own. 它們會忽視外來的無線電訊號 只發出極少量的無線電訊號
ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬; external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的;
Which brings us to, really, the third and most powerful incentive pushing decision-making away from humans and onto weapons: plausible deniability . 這牽扯到第三個因素 也是最強烈的誘因 促使我們將決定權交給武器 那就是貌似合理的推託
plausible:adj.貌似可信的,花言巧语的;貌似真实的,貌似有理的; deniability:n.推诿不知情的本领;否认本领;
Now we live in a global economy . 我們生活在一個全球經濟體下
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
High-tech manufacturing is occurring on most continents . 大部分的地方都有高科技工業
High-tech:adj.高科技的,高技术的;仿真技术的;n.高科技; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); occurring:n.事件;事故;事变; continents:n.[地理]大陆,大洲(continent复数);
Cyber espionage is spiriting away advanced designs to parts unknown, and in that environment, it is very likely that a successful drone design will be knocked off in contract factories, proliferate in the gray market. 網路間諜正在將先進的科技 帶到未知的地方 在這種環境下很有可能 成功的無人飛機設計,在灰市中量產 擊敗取得授權的工廠
Cyber:adj.网络的,计算机的; espionage:n.间谍;间谍活动;刺探; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) contract:v.收缩;感染;订约;n.合同;婚约; proliferate:vi.增殖;扩散;激增;vt.使激增;
And in that situation, sifting through the wreckage of a suicide drone attack, it will be very difficult to say who sent that weapon. 如此一來,即使仔細調查 無人機自殺攻擊的殘骸 也難以斷定是誰發射這個武器
sifting:n.过筛,过滤;筛选;v.筛撒,纷落,详察(sift的现在分词形式); wreckage:n.(失事船或飞机等的)残骸;(船只等的)失事; suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀;
This raises the very real possibility of anonymous war. 這就很有可能 會引起匿名戰爭
anonymous:adj.匿名的,无名的;无个性特征的;
This could tilt the geopolitical balance on its head, make it very difficult for a nation to turn its firepower against an attacker , and that could shift the balance in the 21st century away from defense and toward offense . 可能會讓地緣政治傾向一頭 讓一個國家難以將它的炮火對準攻擊者 也會讓21世紀的維持的平衡 由防禦轉為侵略
tilt:vi.倾斜;翘起;以言词或文字抨击;vt.使倾斜;使翘起;n.倾斜; geopolitical:adj.地理政治学的; firepower:n.火力; attacker:n.攻击者;进攻者; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; offense:n.犯罪,过错;进攻;触怒;引起反感的事物;
It could make military action a viable option not just for small nations, but criminal organizations , private enterprise , even powerful individuals . 使得軍事行動變成可行的選項 不只是小國 還有犯罪組織、私人企業 甚至是有權力的人都能這麼做
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; viable:adj.可行的;能养活的;能生育的; option:n.选择;可选择的东西; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; private enterprise:n.私营企业;民营企业; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
It could create a landscape of rival warlords undermining rule of law and civil society. 這樣可能會引發軍閥割據的混戰 破壞法律規範及文明社會
rival:v.与…相匹敌;比得上;adj.竞争的;n.竞争对手; warlords:n.军阀;(warlord的复数) undermining:v.逐渐削弱;使逐步减少效力;从根基处破坏;(undermine的现在分词) civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的;
Now if responsibility and transparency are two of the cornerstones of representative government, autonomous robotic weapons could undermine both. 如果責任感以及透明度 是代議政治的兩塊基石 自主機械武器會破壞這兩者
transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; cornerstones:n.基础; undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基;
Now you might be thinking that citizens of high-tech nations would have the advantage in any robotic war, that citizens of those nations would be less vulnerable , particularly against developing nations. 你現在可能會覺得 高科技國家的人民 在機械戰爭中佔有優勢 這些國家的人民比較不容易受傷害 尤其是對抗發展中國家的時候
advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点: vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
But I think the truth is the exact opposite. 但是我認為事實剛好相反
I think citizens of high-tech societies are more vulnerable to robotic weapons, and the reason can be summed up in one word : data. 我認為高科技社會的人民 更容易受到機械武器傷害 其原因可以用兩個字來說明:資料
summed:v.归纳;总计;总结,概括;(sum的过去分词和过去式) in one word:总之;一句话;
Data powers high-tech societies. 資料壯大了高科技社會
Cell phone geolocation, telecom metadata , social media , email, text, financial transaction data, transportation data, it's a wealth of real-time data on the movements and social interactions of people. 手機定位、電訊後設資料 社交媒體、電子郵件、簡訊、金融交易資料 和運輸資料等,都是大量的即時資料 記載著人類的社交活動
telecom:n.电信,远距通信;电讯; metadata:n.[计]元数据; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; transaction:n.处理;业务;办理; transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数)
In short, we are more visible to machines than any people in history, and this perfectly suits the targeting needs of autonomous weapons. 簡單來說,比其任何其他時代 機器對人類來說更顯而易見 而這正好符合了自動武器的目標需求
visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目;
What you're looking at here is a link analysis map of a social group. 大家現在看到的 是社會團體的連結分析圖
Lines indicate social connectedness between individuals. 線段代表著人與人之間的社會連結
indicate:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示; connectedness:n.[数]连通性;
And these types of maps can be automatically generated based on the data trail modern people leave behind . 這類的圖只要依據現代人所留下的資料 就能夠自動產生
generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词) trail:v.(被)拖,拉;疲惫地走,磨蹭;落后,失败;n.痕迹;踪迹;小路;路线; leave behind:留下,丢下
Now it's typically used to market goods and services to targeted demographics , but it's a dual-use technology , because targeting is used in another context . 現在它應用於商品與服務的行銷 來統計目標群體,但這是雙面科技 因為目標的鎖定可應用於另外一種情況
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; demographics:n.人口统计资料; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
Notice that certain individuals are highlighted . 我們注意到某些人是特別顯著的
highlighted:adj.突出的;v.使显著;照亮(highlight的过去分词);
These are the hubs of social networks. 他們是社會網絡的樞紐
hubs:n.枢纽;中心(hub的复数);毂;
These are organizers , opinion-makers, leaders, and these people also can be automatically identified from their communication patterns. 他們是組織者、輿論製造者、領導者 而這些人依據他們的溝通模式 我們也能夠自動辨識
organizers:n.主办单位,组织者(organizer的复数形式); identified:v.确认;认出;找到;发现;说明身份;(identify的过去式和过去分词)
Now, if you're a marketer , you might then target them with product samples, try to spread your brand through their social group. 如果現在你是一位營銷員,你可能將試用產品 鎖定這些人,試著把你的品牌 推廣到他們的社會團體中
marketer:n.[贸易]市场商人;市场营销人员; brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印;
But if you're a repressive government searching for political enemies, you might instead remove them, eliminate them, disrupt their social group, and those who remain behind lose social cohesion and organization. 但如果你是專制的政府 在搜尋政敵,你可能反而會除掉他們 消滅他們、破壞他們的社會團體 而剩下來的人就會失去他們的社會連結 以及社群組織
repressive:adj.镇压的;压抑的;抑制的; eliminate:v.消除;排除; disrupt:vt.破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱;adj.分裂的,中断的;分散的; cohesion:n.凝聚;结合;[力]内聚力;
Now in a world of cheap, proliferating robotic weapons, borders would offer very little protection to critics of distant governments or trans-national criminal organizations. 在一個機械武器便宜、氾濫的世界 國界的保護微不足道 無法防衛遠方政府的批評者 或是跨國犯罪組織
proliferating:adj.增生的;v.增殖(proliferate的现在分词); critics:n.评论家;批评者;吹毛求疵的人(critic的复数); distant:adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的; trans-national:adj.跨国的,跨境的;
Popular movements agitating for change could be detected early and their leaders eliminated before their ideas achieve critical mass . 鼓吹改革的群眾運動 在大眾充分了解其訴求之前 就會被察覺,並將其領導人消滅
agitating:adj.搅拌的,搅动的; v.搅动; detected:v.发现;查明;侦察出;(detect的过去分词和过去式) eliminated:v.排除;清除;消除;(比赛中)淘汰;消灭;(eliminate的过去式和过去分词) critical mass:n.(核链式反应的)临界质量;
And ideas achieving critical mass is what political activism in popular government is all about. 而充分的把想法傳達給大眾 正是一般政治激進主義政府所追求的
activism:n.行动主义;激进主义;
Anonymous lethal weapons could make lethal action an easy choice for all sorts of competing interests. 匿名的致命武器能夠讓致命行動 變成所有競爭者一個簡單的選項
competing:adj.相互冲突的;相互矛盾的;v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛;(compete的现在分词)
And this would put a chill on free speech and popular political action, the very heart of democracy. 這會讓民主的核心－言論自由及民眾在政治上行動 轉為冷漠
chill:n.寒冷; adj.寒冷的; v.冷冻,冷藏;
And this is why we need an international treaty on robotic weapons, and in particular a global ban on the development and deployment of killer robots. 這也就是為什麼我們需要國際公約 來規範機械武器,特別是 全球皆禁止研發及部屬殺手機器人
treaty:n.条约,协议;谈判; in particular:尤其,特别; ban:v.下令禁止;查禁;n.禁令; deployment:n.调度,部署;
Now we already have international treaties on nuclear and biological weapons, and, while imperfect , these have largely worked. 現在我們已經有國際公約 來規範核武及生物武器,雖然並不完美 但卻很有效
treaties:n.条约;协定问题(treaty的复数); nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的; biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; imperfect:adj.有缺点的; n.未完成体; v.有瑕疵地; largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地;
But robotic weapons might be every bit as dangerous, because they will almost certainly be used, and they would also be corrosive to our democratic institutions. 但是機械武器完全就是個危險的東西 因為它們幾乎一定會被使用 也會侵蝕我們的民主制度
corrosive:adj.腐蚀的;侵蚀性的;n.腐蚀物;
Now in November 2012 the U.S. Department of Defense issued a directive requiring a human being be present in all lethal decisions. 2012年11月,美國國防部 直接要求 所有致命決策都必須有人類參與其中
issued:v.宣布;公布;发出;将…诉诸法律;(issue的过去分词和过去式) directive:n.指示;指令;adj.指导的;管理的;
This temporarily effectively banned autonomous weapons in the U.S. military, but that directive needs to be made permanent . 這暫時有效防止美軍的自主武器 但是這個要求必須永久有效
temporarily:adv.临时地,临时; banned:v.明令禁止;取缔;禁止(某人)做某事;(ban的过去分词和过去式) permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发;
And it could set the stage for global action. 它也可以為全球立法行動鋪路
Because we need an international legal framework for robotic weapons. 因為我們需要國際性的法律架構 來規範機械武器
legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的;
And we need it now, before there's a devastating attack or a terrorist incident that causes nations of the world to rush to adopt these weapons before thinking through the consequences . 我們現在就需要,以免毀滅性的恐怖攻擊事件 讓世界上的國家 爭相採用這些武器 完全不考慮後果
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) adopt:v.采取;接受;收养;正式通过; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
Autonomous robotic weapons concentrate too much power in too few hands, and they would imperil democracy itself. 自動機械武器把太強大的力量 集中在太少人手中,而他們會威脅到民主本身
concentrate:n.浓缩物;v.聚精会神;集中(注意力);使…集中(或集合、聚集);(使)浓缩; imperil:vt.危及;使陷于危险;
Now, don't get me wrong, I think there are tons of great uses for unarmed civilian drones: environmental monitoring, search and rescue , logistics . 別誤解了我的意思,我認為 這些非武裝的民用無人飛機好用途不少 環境監控、搜救、後勤
unarmed:adj.不带武器的;非武装的;不使用武器的;徒手的 civilian:adj.民用的;百姓的,平民的;n.平民,百姓; rescue:n.救援;抢救;营救;获救;v.抢救;营救;援救; logistics:n.[军]后勤;后勤学;物流;
If we have an international treaty on robotic weapons, how do we gain the benefits of autonomous drones and vehicles while still protecting ourselves against illegal robotic weapons? 如果我們有機械武器的國際公約 我們要如何從自主無人飛機及載具中獲得好處 同時又能夠保護我們自己 免於違法機械武器的侵害呢
vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
I think the secret will be transparency. 我認為機密會變得透明化
No robot should have an expectation of privacy in a public place. 任何的機器人在公共場所 都不得有隱私
expectation:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
(Applause) (掌聲)
Each robot and drone should have a cryptographically signed I.D. burned in at the factory that can be used to track its movement through public spaces. 每一台機器人或無人飛機 在工廠裡都要烙上一個加密的身分 可以用來追蹤它在公共場所的動向
cryptographically:adv.密码地;用暗号地; track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;
We have license plates on cars, tail numbers on aircraft . 我們的車子有車牌,飛機有機尾編號
license:v.许可;批准; aircraft:n.飞机,航空器;
This is no different. 這是同樣的道理
And every citizen should be able to download an app that shows the population of drones and autonomous vehicles moving through public spaces around them, both right now and historically . 每個市民都可以下載應用程式 來顯示無人飛機及自動載具 在他們附近的公共空間移動的數量 不論是過去或是現在
historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说;
And civic leaders should deploy sensors and civic drones to detect rogue drones, and instead of sending killer drones of their own up to shoot them down, they should notify humans to their presence . 領導者應該要部屬感應器還有民用無人飛機 來偵測圖謀不軌的無人飛機 而且不是直接派自己的無人攻擊機將它們擊落 而是應該告知人們這些無人飛機的存在
civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的; sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数); rogue:n.流氓; v.游手好闲; adj.(野兽)凶猛的; notify:vt.通告,通知;公布; presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
And in certain very high-security areas, perhaps civic drones would snare them and drag them off to a bomb disposal facility . 在確定是高安全性的地區 或許民用無人飛機 可以將它們引導到炸彈處理設施
high-security:高安全性; snare:n.陷阱;圈套;[外科]勒除器;vt.捕捉;诱惑; drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石; bomb disposal:未爆弹处理; facility:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;天资;
But notice, this is more an immune system than a weapons system. 但要注意的是,這比較像是免疫系統 而不是武器系統
immune system:n.免疫系统;
It would allow us to avail ourselves of the use of autonomous vehicles and drones while still preserving our open, civil society. 如此就可以讓我們 獲得自主載具與無人飛機所帶來的好處 同時保有我們開放、文明的社會
avail:n.效用,利益; vt.有益于,有益于; vi.有益于,有益于; preserving:n.保留,保存;
We must ban the deployment and development of killer robots. 我們必須禁止研發及部屬 殺手機器人
Let's not succumb to the temptation to automate war. 我們不會屈服於自動化戰爭的誘惑
succumb:vi.屈服;死;被压垮; temptation:n.诱惑;引诱;煽诱人的事物; automate:v.使自动化;
Autocratic governments and criminal organizations undoubtedly will, but let's not join them. 專制政府及犯罪組織一定會屈服 但是我們不會加入他們
Autocratic:adj.专制的;独裁的,专横的; undoubtedly:adv.确实地,毋庸置疑的;
Autonomous robotic weapons would concentrate too much power in too few unseen hands, and that would be corrosive to representative government. 自主機械武器 將過多權力 集中到極少數看不見的手中 而那會侵蝕代議政府
unseen:adj.看不见的,未看见的;未经预习的;n.(事前未看过原文的)即席翻译;
Let's make sure, for democracies at least, killer robots remain fiction. 我們要保證,至少為了民主的理由 讓殺手機器人留在小說裡吧
democracies:民主;
Thank you. 謝謝
(Applause) (掌聲)
Thank you. (Applause) 謝謝 (掌聲)