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DanielKraft_2018S-_未来药房就在家中3d打印个性化药品_
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| We live in a medication nation. |
我们生活在一个药物王国。 |
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medication:n.药;药物;
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| Four point five billion drug prescriptions will be prescribed by doctors like me this year, in the United States alone. |
仅仅在美国, 今年就有45亿份的处方 被像我这样的医生开出来。 |
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prescriptions:n.医药处方,[医]药方(prescription复数形式); prescribed:v.给…开(药); (prescribe的过去式和过去分词) United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
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| That's 15 for every man, woman and child. |
平均起来就是每个人15份。 |
| And for most of us, our experience with this medication is often confusing number of pills , instructions, side effects, one-size-fits-all dosing , which all too often we aren't taking as prescribed. |
对于大多数人来说, 我们对药物的体验往往是 搞混药物剂量、 说明、副作用、 以及一刀切的剂量, 我们也经常不按处方服药。 |
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confusing:adj.令人困惑; v.使糊涂; (confuse的现在分词) pills:n.药丸; v.起球; (pill的第三人称单数和复数) one-size-fits-all:一刀切;一体适用;万全之策; dosing:n.定量给料,配量;精密分注;
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| And this comes at tremendous expense , costing us our time, our money and our health. |
这也带来了非常昂贵的代价, 浪费了我们的时间、金钱和健康。 |
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tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; expense:n.费用;开支;花费;开销;
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| And in our now exponential , connected, data-driven age, |
在我们这个指数、互联、 数据驱动的时代, |
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exponential:adj.指数的;n.指数; data-driven:adj.依照数据处理的;
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| I think we can and we must do better. |
我想我们可以并且必须做得更好。 |
| So let's take a dive at some of the challenges we have and some potential solutions. |
让我们来深入的探讨 一下我们面临的挑战 以及潜在的解决方案。 |
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dive:n.潜水;跳水;俯冲;猛冲;v.猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;[体]跳水(运动); potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
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| Let's start with the fact that many drugs don't work for those who are prescribed to them. |
让我们先从一个事实开始, 那就是很多药物 对服用它们的人无效。 |
| The top 10 grossing drugs in the United States this year, they only benefit one in four to one in 23 of who take them. |
美国今年最畅销的10种药物 也只对1/4到1/23的服用者有效。 |
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grossing:[口语](未扣除各项费用之前)赚得总收入(或毛利);
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| That's great if you're number one, but what about everybody else? |
如果你是当中的那个1, 那当然很好,但其余的人呢？ |
| And what's worse, drugs, when they sometimes don't work, can still cause side effects. |
更糟糕的是,当药物没疗效时, 它还能产生副作用。 |
| Take aspirin -- about one in four of us who take aspirin to reduce our risk of cardiovascular disease , are unknowingly aspirin-resistant. |
以服用阿司匹林为例 ——大概每4个服用 阿司匹林来降低心血管疾病风险 的人就有一个 会对阿司匹林产生未知的抗药性。 |
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aspirin:n.阿司匹林(解热镇痛药); cardiovascular:adj.[解剖]心血管的; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; unknowingly:adv.不知不觉地;
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| And still have the same risks of gastrointestinal bleeds that kill thousands every year. |
而且还有胃肠出血的风险, 而这每年也会导致数千人死亡。 |
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gastrointestinal:adj.胃肠的; bleeds:v.[印刷]出血(bleed的第三人称单数); n.出血版;
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| It's adverse drug reactions like these that are, by some estimates , the number four leading cause of death in the United States. |
这些药物的不良反应, 据估算,是美国境内的 我自己的爷爷就是在使用了 |
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adverse:adj.不利的;相反的;敌对的(名词adverseness,副词adversely); reactions:n.反应;回应;抗拒;生理反应;副作用(reaction的复数) estimates:n.估计;估价;估计的成本;v.估价;估算(estimate的第三人称单数和复数)
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| My own grandfather passed away after a single dose of antibiotic caused his kidneys to fail. |
我自己的爷爷就是在使用了 单一抗生素后导致的肾衰竭 而逝世的。 |
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dose:n.剂量;一剂,一服;v.服药;给药;给…服药; antibiotic:adj.抗生的;抗菌的;n.抗生素,抗菌素; kidneys:n.[解剖]肾脏;转炉的附着物;肾形矿脉(kidney的复数);
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| Now, adverse drug reactions and side effects are often tied to challenges in dosing. |
现在,药物不良反应和副作用 经常跟剂量相关。 |
| I trained in pediatrics -- little people , internal medicine -- big people, so one night I might have been on call in the NICU, carefully dosing to the fraction of a milligram , a medication for a NICU baby. |
我受的训练是:儿科——小人儿, 内科——大人儿, 可能前一天晚上我还 在新生儿重症监护室 小心地调配着几分之一毫克的剂量 供新生儿重症监护室里的 某个婴儿使用的药物, |
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pediatrics:n.小儿科; little people:n.小老百姓;异常矮小的人;侏儒;"袖珍"人; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; fraction:n.分数;小部分;小数;少量; milligram:n.毫克;
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| The next night -- on call in the emergency room , treating a 400-pound lineman or a frail nursing-home patient , who, by most accounts, usually would get the same dose of medications from the formulary . |
第二天晚上——我又在 急诊室治疗一个400磅 的线路工或一个疗养院里的虚弱的病人, 在大多数情况下,两者 都会得到处方一览表上 所规定的同样剂量的药物。 |
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emergency room:n.急诊室; treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) lineman:n.线务员;线路工人; frail:adj.脆弱的;虚弱的;n.灯心草篓;少妇;少女; nursing-home:养老院; patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; medications:n.药;药物;(medication的复数) formulary:adj.公式的;仪式上的;配方的;n.公式汇编;药典;有关宗教礼节[仪式]的书;
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| Which would mean, most of the time I would be underdosing the lineman, and overdosing the nursing-home patient. |
也就是说,多数情况下, 我可能给线路工 的剂量不足,而又会给 疗养院的病人用药过量。 |
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underdosing:剂量不足,不足量给药; overdosing:v.配药过量; n.药量过多(等于overdosage); vi.服药过量;
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| And beyond age and weight, we tend to ignore differences in sex and race in dosing. |
除了年龄和体重, 我们在配药时还会忽略性别和种族。 |
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ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬;
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| Now, beyond this, we know we have a massive challenge with noncompliance or low adherence . |
除此之外,我们还面临着病人 不按时服药和较低的 持续治疗率的挑战。 |
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massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; noncompliance:n.不顺从,不服从; adherence:n.坚持;依附;忠诚;
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| Many of us who need to take our medications aren't taking them or are taking them incorrectly. |
我们许多需要用药的人 不去用药或者不正确的用药。 |
| You know, 40 percent of adults in the US over 65 are on five or more prescription medications. |
要知道,在美国有40% 的65岁以上老人 需要要服用5种或以上的处方药。 |
| Sometimes 15 or more. |
有时甚至是15种或者更多。 |
| And even small improvements in adherence can dramatically save dollars and lives. |
所以即便仅治疗依从性上提升一点, 能省下大量金钱并拯救很多的生命。 |
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improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数) dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
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| So, as we think into the future, you think that where we are today, as we often hear about smart, personalized , targeted drugs, |
因此,当我们想象未来时, 想想我们现在, 我们经常听到智能、 个性化、有针对性的药物、 |
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personalized:v.在…上标明主人姓名; (personalize的过去分词和过去式)
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| Internet of Things, gene therapy , AI, that we'd already arrived in this era of precision medicine. |
物联网、基因疗法、人工智能, 似乎我们已经进入了 精准医疗的时代。 |
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gene therapy:n.基因疗法;基因治疗; precision:n.精度,[数]精密度;精确;adj.精密的,精确的;
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| In reality, we still live in an age of empiric , trial-and-error imprecision medicine. |
可事实上,我们仍然 生活在一个经验主义、 试错法、不精准治疗 大行其道的时代。 |
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empiric:n.经验主义者;(古)庸医;adj.同"empirical"; trial-and-error:n.试错法,反复试验法; imprecision:n.不精确;不严密;
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| I think we can do better. |
我想我们可以做得更好。 |
| What if we could reimagine ways to help make your medicine-taking easier? |
如果我们能重新想出 让你用药更方便的方法, |
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What if:如果…怎么办? reimagine:重新想象;再回味
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| To get the right doses and combinations to match you? |
配出适合你的剂量和 药物组合那将会怎样？ |
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doses:v.服药(dose的三单形式);n.[药][核]剂量(dose的复数); combinations:n.[数]组合;制品(combination的复数);合谱;
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| What if we could move beyond today's literal cutting edge of pill cutters and fax machines, to an era where we could have better outcomes , lower costs, saving lives and space in your medicine cabinet ? |
如果我们能够超越今天所谓的 尖端药丸切割机和传真机, 进入一个可以更好的 控制结果、节约成本、 拯救生命以及节省药柜空间 的时代会怎样？ |
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literal:adj.文字的;逐字的;无夸张的; cutting edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) cabinet:n.内阁;储藏柜;陈列柜;adj.内阁的;小房间用的;玲珑的;细木工做的;
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| Well, I think part of the solution is all the emerging ways that we can measure and connect our health care information. |
我想部分的解决方案 就是所有这些 能让我们测量并连接 我们的健康信息的方法。 |
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solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) health care:n.卫生保健;
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| Today, we pretty much live in a reactive , sick-care world, siloed information that doesn't flow. |
今天,我们几乎 生活在一个被动的 疾病照料的世界, 封闭的信息不能流通。 |
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reactive:adj.反应的;电抗的;反动的; siloed:n.筒仓;青贮窖;飞弹发射井;vt.把…存入青贮窖;把…储存在筒仓内;
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| We have the potential to move into more continuous , real-time proactive world of true health care. |
我们有潜力进入一个 更持续的,实时的, 前瞻性的真实医疗保健的世界。 |
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continuous:adj.连续的,持续的;继续的;连绵不断的; real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; proactive:adj.前摄的(前一活动中的因素对后一活动造成影响的);
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| And part of that starts with the emerging world of quantified self, we can measure so much of our physiology and behaviors today, and often it's siloed on our phones and scales , |
这其中部分始于量化自身的新兴世界, 今天我们能很好的测量 我们的生理机能和行为, 通常这些信息储存在 我们的手机和仪器中, |
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quantified:adj.量化的,定量;v.被量化(quantify的过去分词); physiology:n.生理学;生理机能; scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数)
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| but it's starting to connect to our clinicians , our caregivers , so they can better optimize prevention , diagnostics and therapy. |
但现在已经开始跟 医生的监护工连接, 使他们能更好的优化 预防措施、诊断和治疗。 |
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clinicians:临床医生(clinician的名词复数); caregivers:n.照顾者;看护人(caregiver的复数); optimize:vt.使最优化,使完善;vi.优化;持乐观态度; prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍; diagnostics:n.诊断学(用作单数);
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| And when we can do that, we can do some interesting things. |
而当我们能做到这一点时, 我们就能做一些有趣的事。 |
| Take, for example, hypertension . |
举个例子,比如说高血压。 |
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hypertension:n.高血压;过度紧张;
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| It's the number one risk factor for early death and morbidity worldwide . |
它是全球头号致人早逝的 危险因素,发病率也第一。 |
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factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入; morbidity:n.发病率;病态;不健全; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
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| Half of adult Americans, on approximation , have hypertension, less than half have it well-controlled. |
约一半的美国成年人有高血压, 而其中只有不到一半的人 能很好的控制病情。 |
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approximation:n.[数]近似法;接近;[数]近似值;
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| It's often because it takes two or three different classes of medications, it's tough to do adherence and adjust your blood pressure medications. |
通常是因为它要使用 两到三种不同的药物, 很难持续治疗并调整你的高血压药物。 |
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adjust:v.调整;调节;适应;习惯; blood pressure:n.[医]血压;
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| We have 500 preventable deaths from noncontrolled hypertension in the US, every day. |
在美国,每天有500个 本来可以预防的病人 因为不加控制的高血压而死亡。 |
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preventable:adj.可预防的;可阻止的;可防止的;
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| But now we're in the era of connected blood pressure cuffs -- the FDA just approved a blood pressure cuff that can go into your watch. |
但是我们正处在一个 联网血压袖带时代—— 美国食品药品管理局刚批准了一个 能够连接智能手表的血压袖带。 |
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cuffs:n.袖口;手铐(cuff的复数形式);护腕; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式)
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| There are now prototypes of cuffless radar-based blood pressure devices that can continuously stream your blood pressure. |
现在还有很多无袖带的、 使用雷达的血压测试设备的模型, 它们能持续监测你的血压。 |
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prototypes:n.原型;技术原型;雏型; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); continuously:adv.连续不断地;
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| So, in the future, I could -- instead of spot-checking my blood pressure in the clinic, my doctor could see my real-time numbers and my trends , and adjust them as necessary, |
所以,未来,我就可以—— 不用去诊所现场测量血压, 我的医生能观测我的实时血压和动态, 并且如果有必要就在 |
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trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数)
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| with the help of a blood pressure dosing algorithm, or using the Internet of Things. |
一个血压剂量算法的帮助下 或者运用物联网进行调整。 |
| Now, technology today can do even more. |
今天,科技能做到的甚至更多。 |
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technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
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| My smartwatch , already today, has an EKG built in, that can be read by artificial intelligence . |
今天我的智能手表上, 已经植入了心电图, 它能被人工智能读取。 |
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smartwatch:n.智能手表; artificial intelligence:n.人工智能;
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| I'm wearing a small, Band-Aid-sized patch , that is live-streaming my vital signs right now. |
我身上有一个小小的、 创可贴大小的贴片, 它现在正现场直播着我的生命特征。 |
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patch:n.补丁;小片;眼罩;色斑;v.修补;打补丁;缝补; vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的;
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| Let's take a look. |
让我们来看一看。 |
| They're actually a little concerning at the moment. |
它们现在看起来的确有点令人担心。 |
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concerning:prep.关于;涉及;v.影响,牵涉(某人);与…有关;涉及;(concern的现在分词)
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Now, it's not just my real-time vitals that can be seen by my medical team or myself, it could be my retrospective data, and again, that'd be used to modify dosing and medication going forward. |
不仅能被我的医疗团队 和自己看到的我的实时生命特征, 它还是我的回顾性数据, 而且它还能被用于 进一步修正剂量和药物。 |
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vitals:n.命脉(vital的复数);(人体的)重要器官;要害; retrospective:adj.回顾的;怀旧的;可追溯的;n.回顾展; modify:vt.修改,修饰;更改;vi.修改;
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| Even my weight can be super-quantified. |
甚至我的体重还能超级量化。 |
| My weight, now my shape, how much body mass, fat, muscle mass I might have, and use that to optimize my prevention or therapy. |
我的体重、身形, 我的身体质量、脂肪, 肌肉质量可能是多少, 这些都能用来优化我的预防和治疗。 |
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muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出;
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| And it's not just for the tech-savvy. |
这不仅仅是为那些 懂科技的人准备的。 |
| Now, MIT engineers have modified wi-fi so we can seamlessly connect and collect our vital signs, from our connected rings and smart mattresses , we can start to share this digital exhaust , our digitome, |
现在,麻省理工学院的 工程师们改进了无线网 使我们能从已经连上的 戒指和智能订垫上, 无缝地连接和获取我们的生命特征, 我们可以开始分享这个数字排放器, 我们的数字转换器, |
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modified:adj.改进的,修改的;改良的;v.修改;缓和;(modify的过去分词); wi-fi:abbr.无线保真技术(wirelessfidelity);无线上网技术; seamlessly:adv.无缝地; mattresses:n.床垫,底垫(mattress的复数形式); digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; exhaust:v.耗尽; n.(车辆、发动机或机器排出的)废气;
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| and even potentially crowdsource it, sharing our health information, just like we share with our Google Maps and driving, to improve our -- not our driving, but our health experience globally. |
甚至是潜在的众包它, 分享我们的健康信息, 就像我们在分享我们的 谷歌地图和驾驶信息一样, 不是为了提高我们的驾驶技术, 而是为了提高我们的全球健康经验。 |
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potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; crowdsource:vi.众包,众包指的是一个公司或机构把过去由员工执行的工作任务,以自由自愿的形式外包给非特定的(而且通常是大型的)大众网络的做法; Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎;
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| So, that's great. |
所以,这太好了。 |
| We can potentially now collect this information. |
我们现在可以收集这些信息。 |
| What if your labs can go from the central lab to your home, to your phone, to even inside our bodies to measure drug levels or other varieties? |
如果你的实验室可以从中心区域 到你家,甚至在你的手机上, 甚至在我们的身体里 来测量药品指数或者其它的变量呢？ |
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labs:n.实验室;实验大楼;(lab的复数)
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| And of course, we're in the age of genomics . |
当然, 我们处在基因组学的时代。 |
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genomics:n.基因组学;基因体学;
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| I've been sequenced , it's just less than 1,000 dollars today. |
我已经做了测序, 价格还不到1000美元。 |
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sequenced:[数][计]序列;
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| And I can start to understand my pharmacogenomics -- how my genes impact whether I need high dose, low dose, or maybe a different medication altogether. |
我开始明白了我的药物基因组学, 我的基因影响我是否需要高剂量, 还是低剂量, 或者换一种药物。 |
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pharmacogenomics:药物基因组学;药物基因体学;药物基因学 genes:n.基因;(gene的复数) impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
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| Let's imagine if your physician or your pharmacist , had this information integrated into their workflow , augmented with artificial intelligence, AI, or as I like to refer to it, IA -- intelligence augmentation , to leverage that information, |
假设你的医生,或者你的药剂师, 将这个信息融入他们的工作流程, 加上人工智能,AI,或者 我喜欢这样称呼它,IA— 人类智能（与人工智能相对） 来处理这些信息, |
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physician:n.[医]医师;内科医师; pharmacist:n.药剂师; integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词) workflow:n.工作流,工作流程; augmented:adj.增广的;增音的;扩张的; refer:v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅; augmentation:n.增加,增大;增加物; leverage:n.影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效力;v.举债经营;借贷收购;
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| to understand of the 18,000 or more approved drugs, which would be the right dose and combination for you. |
来利用这18000吨或 更多获批准的 符合你计量和方法的药剂。 |
| So great, now maybe we can optimize your drugs and your doses, but the problem today is, we're still using this amazing technology to keep track of our drugs. |
太棒了,也许我们可以 优化你的药物和剂量, 但今天的问题是,我们仍然 在使用这项神奇的技术 来跟踪我们的药物。 |
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keep track of:记录;与…保持联系;
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| And of course, these technologies evolve , there's connected dispensers , reminder apps, smart pill bottle caps that can text or tweet you or your mother if you haven't taken your medications. |
当然,这些技术在不断发展, 联网的配药器以及提醒应用, 智能药片瓶盖,这些应用可以发短信 或者发推特给你或者你妈妈, 假如你没有按时服药。 |
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technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成; dispensers:n.药剂师;配药员;药剂分配器(dispenser的复数);
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| PillPack was just acquired by Amazon , so soon we may have same-day delivery of our drugs, delivered by drone . |
PillPack刚刚被亚马逊收购, 所以可能很快就会有无人机 当日送达我们的药物。 |
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acquired:adj.习得的; v.获得; (acquire的过去分词和过去式) Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; drone:n.嗡嗡声;持续低音;寄生虫;无人驾驶飞机;v.懒洋洋地说;嗡嗡响
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| So, all these things are possible today, but we're still taking multiple pills. |
因此,所有这些在今天都是可能的, 但我们仍在服用多种药物。 |
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multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数;
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| What if we can make it simpler? |
那如果我们把它简化呢? |
| I think one of the solutions is to make better use of the polypill. |
我认为其中一个解决方案 是更好地利用复方药。 |
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make better use of:更好地利用;更好利用;
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| A polypill is the integration of multiple medications into a single pill. |
复方药是多种药物组合成一粒药丸。 |
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integration:n.集成;综合;
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| And we have these today in common, over-the-counter cold and flu remedies . |
今天我们有这些常见的, 非处方的感冒和流感药物。 |
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over-the-counter:adj.不通过交易所而直接售给顾客的;不需处方可以出售的; remedies:n.处理方法; v.改正; (remedy的第三人称单数和复数)
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| And there have been prevention polypill studies done, giving combinations of statins , blood pressure, aspirin, which in randomized studies have been shown to dramatically reduce risk, compared to placebo . |
也有一些关于预防复方药的研究。 将抑制素,血压药,阿司匹林组合在一起, 随机抽样调查结果显示 相比于安慰剂很大程度上减少了风险。 |
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statins:n.他汀类药物;抑制素(statin的复数形式);降低胆固醇药物; randomized:adj.[数]随机化的,随机的;v.使随机化;做任意排列(randomize的过去分词); compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) placebo:n.安慰剂;为死者所诵的晚祷词;
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| But these polypills weren't personalized, they weren't optimized to the individual . |
但是这些药丸不是个性化的, 它们没有针对个人进行优化。 |
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optimized:adj.最佳化的;尽量充分利用; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
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| What if we could optimize your personalized polypill? |
如果我们可以优化你的 个性化的复方药呢？ |
| So it would be built for you, based on you, it could adapt to you, even every single day. |
将它们为适应你, 基于你的需求而生产, 甚至是每一天。 |
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adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应;
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| Well, we're now in the era of 3D printing, you can print personalized braces , hearing aids, orthopedic devices, even I've been scanned and had my jeans tailored to fit to me. |
我们现在处在3D打印的时代, 你可以打印个性化的物品集合, 助听器、骨科器械、 我甚至曾经也通过被 扫描来量身定做牛仔裤。 |
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braces:n.背带;吊带(brace的复数); orthopedic:adj.整形外科的(等于orthopaedic);
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| So this got me thinking, what if we could 3D print your personalized polypill? |
因此这使我思考, 如果我们可以3D打印 属于你的复方药片呢？ |
| So instead of taking six medications, for example, |
比如说:将六种药物合成一种药物, |
| I could integrate them into one. |
而不是分别服用六种药物。 |
| So it would be easier to take, improve adherence and potentially, it could even integrate in supplements , like vitamin D or CoQ10. |
这样一来,服药者 便会很容易坚持服药, 集成药物甚至可能带来补药的作用。 例如维生素D或者双酶。 |
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supplements:n.补充品;增补物;[昆]补脉(supplement的复数); vitamin:n.维生素;维他命;
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| So with some help -- I call these "IntelliMeds" -- and with the help of my IntelliMedicine engineering team, we built the first IntelliMedicine prototype printer. |
在一些帮助下, 我称之为“综合药物”-- 并且在我“综合药物” 工程组的帮助下, 我们建造了第一个 “综合药物”打印机的原型。 |
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engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
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| And here's how it works: instead of full tablets , we have small micromeds, one or two milligrams each, which are sorted and selected based on the dose and combination needed for an individual. |
它的具体工作是: 相比于整个药物,我们 选用了其中的一小部分, 每个1或2毫克, 它们基于病人所需的 剂量和组合被选择及整理。 |
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tablets:n.药片;片剂;(固定于墙上作纪念的)牌,碑,匾;(tablet的第三人称单数和复数) milligrams:[计量]毫克;
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| And of course, these would be doses and combinations you could already take together, FDA-approved drugs. |
当然,这些根据剂量和 组合选择出来的药物 都是美国FDA通过的 你已经可以服用的药物。 |
| We could change the pharmacokinetics by professionally layering on different elements to the individual micromeds. |
我们可以通过对不同元素分类到 单个微小的药物来改变 药物（代谢）动力学。 |
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pharmacokinetics:n.药物(代谢)动力学; professionally:adv.专业地;内行地; layering:n.分层;压条法;成层;v.分层而成;用压条法培植(layer的ing形式); elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
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| And when we hit print, you print your combination of medications that might be needed by you on any individual day. |
当我们按下打印键时, 你可以在任何时间根据自己的需要, 打印药物组合。 |
| And we'd start with, again, generic drugs for the most common problems. |
之后,针对最常见的问题, 我们以仿制药为起始点。 |
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generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的;
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| About 90 percent of prescribed drugs today are low-cost generics . |
现在大约90%的处方药 是低成本的仿制药。 |
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low-cost:adj.廉价的;价格便宜的; generics:n.非专利药物;通用术语(generic的复数);
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| And once we've printed the pill, we can do some fun bells and whistles . |
一旦我们打印出药片, 我们可以做一些有趣的事情。 |
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bells and whistles:附加的修饰物;
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| We could print the name of the patient, the date, the day of the week, a QR code. |
我们可以打印出病人的名字, 日期,星期以及二维码。 |
| We could print different meds for tapering for a patient on a steroid taper, or tapering from pain medications. |
对于一个使用类固醇锥体的病人, 我们可以打印出不同的药物 或者逐渐减少止痛药的使用。 |
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meds:n.药物: tapering:adj.尖端细的;渐渐减少的;v.逐渐变尖细;逐渐减少(taper的ing形式); steroid:n.甾族化合物;类固醇;
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| So, this is actually a look at our prototype IntelliMedicine printer. |
这实际上是我们的 综合药物打印机的原型。 |
| See, unveil it here. |
看,在这里揭开真相。 |
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unveil:n.揭幕;计划公布;v.为…揭幕;(首次)展示,介绍;
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| It has about 16 different silos , each containing individual micromeds. |
它有16个不同的筒仓, 每个都包含单独的微型药物。 |
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silos:n.筒仓;粮仓;贮仓(silo的复数);
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| And I can now adjust on the software individual dosings. |
现在我可以调整软件上 的个人剂量。 |
| And when I do that, the robotic arm will adjust the height of these spansules and the micromeds will release . |
当我这样做的时候, 机器人手臂会调整 这些扳手的高度, 然后微型药物就会释放。 |
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robotic:adj.机器人的,像机器人的;自动的;n.机器人学; release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与;
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| I can now -- |
我现在可以-- |
| The automated process would rotate and cycle through, to make sure the micromeds are loaded. |
自动化过程需要旋转和循环, 以保证微型药物被装载。 |
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automated:adj.自动化的;v.(使)自动化;(automate的过去式和过去分词) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; rotate:v.旋转;转动;轮换;使…轮流;
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| And when I hit print, these will all fall through the device, |
当我按下打印时, 这些都将通过设备, |
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fall through:落空;失败;
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| I now pull out my personalized printed polypill, with the doses and medications meant for me. |
现在,我生成了我个性化 印出的复合药片, 其剂量和药物正好适合我。 |
| And we can take a look, if you look back to the slides, you can see the whole process, we can see the drug silos being selected, the pills doing down the different silos, and being collected in the individual capsule . |
如果你回头看幻灯片,我们看一下, 你可以看到整个过程, 我们可以看到药物筒仓被选中, 药丸被装在不同的筒仓里, 再被单独的每个胶囊收集。 |
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capsule:n.太空舱;荚;航天舱;(装药物的)胶囊;adj.简略的;小而结实的;v.节略;
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| Now, this is great, |
一切顺利, |
| I can potentially print my meds based on me, instead of taking six pills. |
可能的话,我可以打印出 任何我想要的药片。 而不是服用六个药片。 |
| I can now be looking at my individual dosing, my smartwatch is looking at my blood pressure, |
我现在可以看到我个人的剂量, 我的智能手表正在检测我的血压, |
| I needed an adjustment in my blood pressure medicines, my coumadin level, my blood is too thin, so I lower my micromed dose of coumadin, a blood thinner. |
我的血压药需要进行调整, 我的香豆素水平出了问题, 我的血液含量过于稀薄, 因此,我减少服用香豆素, 一种血液稀释剂。 |
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adjustment:n.调整,调节;调节器; coumadin:n.香豆素(药品名);
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| So, this could be smartly adapted , day to day, programmed by my physician or cardiologist . |
智能适应每一天, 具体程序有我的医生 或者心脏病医生编写。 |
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smartly:adv.刺痛地;漂亮地;潇洒地;火辣辣地; adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) cardiologist:n.心脏病学家;心脏病科医师;
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| And you can imagine that larger printers, fast printers like this, could be in your corner pharmacy , in your doctor's office, in a rural clinic. |
你可以想象一个更大的打印机, 跟这个打印机一样快的打印机。 可以在你街角的药房, 在你医生的办公室, 在一个乡村诊所里。 |
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pharmacy:n.药房;配药学,药剂学;制药业;一批备用药品; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
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| But it could eventually merge and shrink to small ones, that could be in your home, with integrated cartridges like this, that are delivered by drone. |
它最终会出现并缩小到 可以被你的家所容纳, 像这样由无人机运送的集成墨盒, |
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eventually:adv.最后,终于; shrink:v.收缩;减少;退缩;畏缩;n.精神病学家;心理学家; cartridges:n.子弹(cartridge的复数);[摄]暗盒;
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| Could print your personalized polypill, each morning on your kitchen or your bathroom cabinet. |
将有可能打印出为你 量身定制的复合药片, 每天早上在你的厨房 或者你的浴室橱柜。 |
| And this could evolve, I think, into an incredible way to improve adherence in medications across the globe. |
并且我认为这可能会进化成 一种不可思议的方法来 改进全球药物依从性。 |
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incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
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| So, I hope we can reimagine the future of medicine in new ways, moving from polypharmacy , one-size-fits-all, low adherence, complications to an era of personalized, precise , on-demand medications, that can take us and individualize our own health and health and medicine around the planet. |
所以,我希望我们能切换视角, 重新想象医学的未来, 从多药疗法, 以一敌百的,依从性低的,并发症 进入到个人的,精确的, 随需应变的药物的时代。 这可以让我们个性化我们自己的健康 和地球上的健康和医学。 |
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polypharmacy:多重用药;多药疗法;多重药物使用 precise:adj.准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的; individualize:vt.赋予个性;个别处理;使适应个别需要;
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| Thank you very much. |
非常感谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Host: Daniel, that's kind of awesome . |
主持人:丹尼尔,真是太棒了。 |
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awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
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| Really cool. |
太酷了。 |
| Question for you, though. |
不过我有个问题要问你。 |
| How long is it until, say, that nursing-home patient that you mentioned is able to print their pills in their home? |
比如说,你提到的那位 疗养院病人还要多久 才能够在家中打印药物？ |
| Daniel Kraft : Well, again, this is just a prototype. |
丹尼尔·克拉夫特: 嗯, 再次声明,这只是一个原型。 |
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Kraft:n.牛皮纸;
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| We think that the regulatory route be automated compounding , and especially in nursing homes, folks are taking multiple medications, and they're often mixed up, so it would be a perfect place to start with these technologies. |
我们认为监管途径是自动复方, 尤其是在养老院,人们正在服用多种药物, 而且那些药物经常会混在一起, 所以这是开始这些技术的最好地方。 |
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regulatory:adj.管理的;控制的;调整的; route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送; compounding:v.组合;混合(compound的ing形式); especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
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| These aren't going to evolve and start with printers on your bathroom counter. |
它们一开始不会从 浴室柜台上开始进化。 |
| We need to be intelligent and smart about how we roll these things out, but realizing there's so many challenges with dosing, adherence and precision, and now that we have all these amazing new technologies |
我们需要在如何推广这些东西方面 变得聪明, 但要意识到,在剂量、坚持治疗 和精确度方面存在如此多的挑战, 现在我们有了这些惊人的新技术 |
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intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的
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| that can integrate and be leveraged , I think we need approaches like this to really catalyze and foster |
可以被整合和利用。 我认为我们需要这样的方法 |
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leveraged:adj.杠杆的; v.举债经营; (leverage的过去式和过去分词); approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度; catalyze:vt.催化;刺激,促进; foster:vt.培养;养育,抚育;抱(希望等);adj.收养的,养育的;
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| I think we need approaches like this to really catalyze and foster a true future of health and medicine. |
来进行真正的催化和培养 健康和医学的真正未来。 |
| Host: Great, thank you. DK: Thanks. |
主持人:好的,谢谢。 丹尼尔·卡夫特: 谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |