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DanielKraft_2011X-_医学的未来_也许是手机上的一个应用程序_
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| A couple of years ago when I was attending the TED Conference in Long Beach, |
几年前 我参加在长滩TED会议的时候, |
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Conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
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| I met Harriet. |
我遇到了哈里特。 |
| We'd actually met online before -- not the way you're thinking. |
实际上我们以前在网上遇到过-- 不是像你们想的那样。 |
| We were actually introduced because we both knew Linda Avey, one of the founders of the first online personal genomic companies. |
我们认识是因为我们都认识琳达·埃维, 首家私营基因公司创始人之一。 |
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founders:n.创办人;造物者(founder的复数); personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; genomic:adj.基因组的;染色体的;
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| And because we shared our genetic information with Linda, she could see that Harriet and I shared a very rare type of mitochondrial DNA -- |
并且因为我们和琳达分享我们的基因信息, 她知道哈里特和我 都有一种很稀有的线粒体DNA -- |
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genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; mitochondrial:adj.线粒体的;
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| Haplotype K1a1b1a -- which meant that we were distantly related. |
K1a1b1a 单模标本 -- 这意味着我们是远亲。 |
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Haplotype:n.单体型; distantly:adv.远离地;疏远地;冷淡地;
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| We actually share the same genealogy with Ozzie the iceman . |
实际上,我们都和冰人奥兹有亲缘关系。 |
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genealogy:n.宗谱;血统;家系;系谱学; iceman:n.卖冰者;送冰人;善于在冰上行走的人;
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| So Ozzie, Harriet and me. |
没错,奥兹,哈里特和我。 |
| And being the current day, of course, we started our own Facebook group. |
当然,如今我们有了自己的脸书网群组。 |
| You're all welcome to join. |
欢迎你们加入。 |
| And when I met Harriet in person the next year at the TED Conference, she'd gone online and ordered our own happy Haplotype T-shirts. |
当我在第二年TED会议遇见哈里特的时候, 她在线订购了我们自己快乐的单模标本T恤衫。 |
| (Laughter) |
(笑声） |
| Now why am I telling you this story, and what does this have to do with the future of health? |
为什么我要告诉你们这个故事, 这和未来健康有什么关系呢？ |
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have to do with:与…有关;
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| Well the way I met Harriet is actually an example of how leveraging cross-disciplinary , exponentially-growing technologies is affecting our future of health and wellness -- from low-cost gene analysis to the ability to do powerful bio-informatics to the connection of the Internet and social networking. |
实际上,我遇见哈里特的经过是一个很好的例子 关于怎样利用学科交叉, 指数增长的技术 来影响我们将来的健康和保健事业-- 从低成本的基因分析 到做强大生物信息学的能力 到互联网和社会网络间的联系。 |
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leveraging:v.利用贷款进行投机;(leverage的现在分词) cross-disciplinary:adj.两种以上学科的;跨学科;多学科; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); wellness:n.健康; low-cost:adj.廉价的;价格便宜的; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定;
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| What I'd like to talk about today is understanding these exponential technologies. |
我今天想谈的 是理解这些指数增长的技术。 |
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exponential:adj.指数的;n.指数;
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| We often think linearly . |
我们经常线性思考。 |
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linearly:adv.成直线地;在线上地;
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| But if you think about it, if you have a lily pad and it just divided every single day -- two, four, eight, 16 -- in 15 days you have 32,000. |
但是如果想像一下,如果你有一个睡莲叶子 它每天分裂一次-- 2,4,8,16 -- 15天以后会有32000个叶子。 |
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lily:n.百合花:adj.洁白:纯洁的: pad:n.软垫,护垫;便笺本;爪垫;肉掌;v.填充,覆盖,保护;蹑手蹑脚地走;做黑账;
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| What do you think you have in a month? We're at a billion. |
你认为1个月以后有多少？我们会有10亿。 |
| So if we start to think exponentially , we can see how this is starting to affect all the technologies around us. |
如果我们开始指数思考, 我们会看到这会怎样影响到我们周围的技术。 |
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exponentially:adv.以指数方式;
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| And many of these technologies -- speaking as a physician and innovator -- we can really start to leverage to impact the future of our own health and of health care , |
许多技术--像一位物理学家和革新者所说的-- 我们能真正开始去利用它们 影响我们的未来健康和卫生保健, |
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physician:n.[医]医师;内科医师; innovator:n.改革者,创新者; leverage:n.影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效力;v.举债经营;借贷收购; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; health care:n.卫生保健;
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| and to address many of the major challenges that we have in health care today, ranging from the really exponential costs to the aging population, the way we really don't use information very well today, the fragmentation of care and often the very difficult course of adoption of innovation . |
和谈论如今许多卫生保健面临的主要困难 从巨额投入 到高龄人群, 我们没有真正很好地使用信息的现状, 保健不均衡 和常常面对困难棘手的经历 例如采用革新的历程。 |
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fragmentation:n.破碎;分裂;[计]存储残片; adoption:n.采用;收养;接受; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
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| And one of the major things we can do we've talked a bit about here today is moving the curve to the left. |
今天我们谈到主要的事情之一 是把曲线向左移。 |
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curve:n.曲线;弯曲;曲面;弧线;v.(使)沿曲线移动;呈曲线形;
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| We spend most of our money on the last 20 percent of life. |
我们在生命的最后20%时间里花费了大部分的钱。 |
| What if we could spend and incentivize positions in the health care system and our own self to move the curve to the left and improve our health, leveraging technology as well? |
如果我们能够投资和激励岗位 在健康保健系统和我们自身 来向左移动这条曲线从而改善我们的健康, 利用技术,会怎么样呢？ |
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What if:如果…怎么办? incentivize:以物质刺激鼓励; improve:v.改进;改善;
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| Now my favorite technology, example of exponential technology, we all have in our pocket. |
我最喜爱的技术,指数技术的例子, 在我们所有人的口袋里。 |
| So if you think about it, these are really dramatically improving . |
因此如果你想一下,你会发现这些技术真的显著提高了。 |
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dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词)
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| I mean this is the iPhone 4. |
我指的是iPhone 4. |
| Imagine what the iPhone 8 will be able to do. |
想像iPhone 8将能做什么。 |
| Now, I've gained some insight into this. |
现在,我有了一些见解。 |
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insight:n.洞察力;洞悉;
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| I've been the track share for the medicine portion of a new institution called Singularity University based in Silicon Valley . |
我追踪观察 新成立的奇点大学的医学院 它座落在硅谷。 |
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track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分); institution:n.制度;建立;(社会或宗教等)公共机构;习俗; Singularity:n.奇异;奇点;突出;稀有; Silicon Valley:n.硅谷(美国加利福尼亚州一处计算机和电子公司聚集地,有时用以指任何计算机公司聚集地);
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| And we bring together every summer about 100 very talented students from around the world. |
每个夏天我们召集 世界各地100名非常有天赋的学生。 |
| And we look at these exponential technologies from medicine, biotech , artificial intelligence , robotics , nanotechnology , space, and address how can we cross-train and leverage these to impact major unmet goals. |
我们研究这些指数技术从医学,生物技术, 人工智能,机器人技术,纳米技术,太空技术, 来发现如何能多项培训 并利用这些技术去影响重大未实现的目标。 |
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biotech:abbr.生物技术;生物科技(biotechnology); artificial intelligence:n.人工智能; robotics:n.机器人学; nanotechnology:n.纳米技术; unmet:adj.未满足的;未应付的;未相遇的;
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| We also have seven-day executive programs. |
我们也有一个7天执行方案。 |
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executive:n.管理人员; adj.经营管理的;
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| And coming up next month is actually Future Med, a program to help cross-train and leverage technologies into medicine. |
接下来几个月的方案是“未来医学”, 一个帮助多项培训和把技术应用到医学的项目。 |
| Now I mentioned the phone. |
现在我来说电话。 |
| These mobile phones have over 20,000 different mobile apps available -- to the point where there's one out of the U.K. |
这些手机有超过20000个不同的应用程序-- 从这点上说,有一个与众不同, |
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mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
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| where you can pee on a little chip connected to your iPhone and check yourself for an STD. |
那就是你可以通过在你的iPhone相连的一小块芯片上小便 来自查是否有性传染病。 |
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pee:n.小便;撒尿;v.撒尿; chip:v.削,凿;削成碎片;剥落;碎裂;n.[电子]芯片;筹码;碎片;(食物的)小片;薄片;
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| I don't know if I'd try that yet, but that's available. |
我不知道我是否会这样做,但是它确实可用。 |
| There are all other sorts of applications, merging your phone and diagnostics , for example -- measuring your blood glucose on your iPhone and sending that, potentially , to your physician |
还有很多种应用, 把你的电话和诊断联系在一起,例如-- 用你的iPhone测量你的血糖 并可能把数据发给你的医生 |
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merging:v.合并,结合,并入;相融;(merge的现在分词) diagnostics:n.诊断学(用作单数); glucose:n.葡萄糖;葡糖(等于dextrose); potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
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| so they can better understand and you can better understand your blood sugars as a diabetic . |
使得他们和你都能更好得了解 你作为一个糖尿病人的血糖。 |
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diabetic:adj.糖尿病的,患糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者;
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| So let's see now how exponential technologies are taking health care. |
现在让我们看看指数技术怎样进行健康保健。 |
| Let's start with faster. |
让我们从速度开始。 |
| Well it's no secret that computers, through Moore's law, are speeding up faster and faster. |
我们都知道,根据摩尔定律,计算机 运算速度越来越快。 |
| We have the ability to do more powerful things with them. |
因此我们能够做更强大的事情。 |
| They're really approaching , in many cases surpassing , the ability of the human mind. |
他们正在接近,在很多情况超越 人类思维的能力。 |
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approaching:v.靠近,接近;接洽;建议;要求;(approach的现在分词) surpassing:adj.胜过的;卓越的;优秀的;adv.卓越地;非凡地;v.胜过(surpass的ing形式);
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| But where I think computational speed is most applicable is in that of imaging . |
但是我认为计算速度最适用的地方 是在于成像技术。 |
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computational:adj.计算的; applicable:adj.可适用的;可应用的;合适的; imaging:n.[物]成像;造像;v.反映;想像;作…的像;象征;(image的现在分词形式)
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| The ability now to look inside the body in real time with very high resolution is really becoming incredible . |
这种技术能即时的观察身体内部 用非常高的分辨率,真的很神奇。 |
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real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; resolution:n.解决;分辨;解析;决议; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
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| And we're layering multiple technologies -- PET scans, CT scans and molecular diagnostics -- to find and to seek things at different levels. |
我们正在综合多种技术--PET扫描,CT扫描 和分子诊断-- 来发现和寻找不同层面的东西。 |
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layering:n.分层;压条法;成层;v.分层而成;用压条法培植(layer的ing形式); multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; molecular:adj.[化学]分子的;由分子组成的; seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求;
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| Here you're going to see the very highest resolution MRI scan done today, reconstructed of Marc Hodosh, the curator of TEDMED. |
今天在这里你们将会看到非常高分辨率的MRI扫描, 它是由TEDMED的主持者马克·霍道什重建的。 |
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reconstructed:adj.重建的;改造的;v.重建;改造(reconstruct的过去式); Marc:n.机读目录;(水果,种子等经压榨后的)榨渣; curator:n.馆长;监护人;管理者;
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| And now we can see inside of the brain with a resolution and ability that was never before available, and essentially learn how to reconstruct, and maybe even re-engineer , or backwards engineer, the brain so we can better understand pathology , disease and therapy . |
现在我们能看到大脑内部 用一种以前没有过的分辨率和能力, 本质上学会如何重建, 也许甚至再设计, 或者逆向设计大脑, 因此我们能更好的理解病理学,疾病,和治疗。 |
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essentially:adv.本质上;本来; re-engineer:重组; pathology:n.病理(学);(比喻)异常状态; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
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| We can look inside with real time fMRI -- in the brain at real time. |
我们能用fMRI即时查看内部--即时在大脑内部。 |
| And by understanding these sorts of processes and these sorts of connections, we're going to understand the effects of medication or meditation and better personalize and make effective , for example, psychoactive drugs. |
通过了解这些过程和联系, 我们能够理解药物治疗或者冥想的影响 从而更好的提供个人化有效的治疗,例如, 精神药物。 |
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processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); medication:n.药;药物; meditation:n.冥想;沉思,深思; personalize:v.在…上标明主人姓名;为个人特制(或专设);个人化; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; psychoactive:adj.影响心理状态的;作用于精神的;
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| The scanners for these are getting small, less expensive and more portable . |
用于这些研究的扫描器变得更小,更便宜,更便携。 |
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scanners:n.[电子]扫描器(scanner的复数); portable:adj.便携式的;手提的;轻便的;n.便携机;(尤指)手提电脑;
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| And this sort of data explosion available from these is really almost becoming a challenge. |
来自这种研究的数据爆炸 几乎真的成为一种挑战。 |
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explosion:n.爆炸;爆发;激增;
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| The scan of today takes up about 800 books, or 20 gigabytes . |
今天的扫描占用了大约800本书的空间,或者20GB。 |
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gigabytes:n.千兆字节(gigabyte的复数);十亿位元组;
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| The scan in a couple of years will be one terabyte , or 800,000 books. |
这种扫描在几年之内将会是1TB,或者80万本书。 |
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terabyte:n.太字节;兆兆位(量度信息单位);
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| How do you leverage that information? |
你怎样利用这些信息？ |
| Let's get personal. I won't ask who here's had a colonoscopy , but if you're over age 50, it's time for your screening colonoscopy. |
让我们从个案分析。我不会问在这里谁做过结肠镜检查, 但是如果你年过50,是时候做结肠镜检查了。 |
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colonoscopy:n.结肠镜检查;
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| How would you like to avoid the pointy end of the stick? |
你怎么能避免结肠镜的尖端呢？ |
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pointy:adj.尖的;非常尖的;
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| Well now there's essentially a virtual colonoscopy. |
现在有一种虚拟结肠镜检查。 |
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virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认);
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| Compare those two pictures, and now as a radiologist , you can essentially fly through your patient 's colon and, augmenting that with artificial intelligence, identify potentially, as you see here, a lesion . |
比较这两张图,现在作为一个放射学家, 你可以浏览你病人的结肠 用人工智能协助, 确定潜在的,像你这里看到的,这是一个损伤。 |
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Compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较; radiologist:n.放射线研究者; patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; augmenting:v.增加;使扩张(augment的ing形式); identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: lesion:n.损害;身体上的伤害;机能障碍;
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| Oh, we might have missed it, but using A.I. on top of radiology , we can find lesions that were missed before. |
哦,我们可能漏掉它,但是在放射学上用人工智能, 我们能找到以前漏掉的损伤。 |
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radiology:n.放射学;放射线科;X光线学; lesions:[生物]损伤;
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| And maybe this will encourage people to get colonoscopies that wouldn't have otherwise. |
这也许会鼓励人们做结肠镜检查 以前人们反而不愿意做它。 |
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colonoscopies:n.结肠镜检查;
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| And this is an example of this paradigm shift . |
这是一个根本变化的例子。 |
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paradigm shift:n.范式转移(指行事或思维方式的重大变化);
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| We're moving to this integration of biomedicine , information technology , wireless and, I would say, mobile now -- this era of digital medicine. |
我们转到集成了生物医学,信息技术, 无线网络的交互应用,我想说,现在是移动电话--数字化医学的时代。 |
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integration:n.集成;综合; biomedicine:n.生物医学; information technology:n.信息技术; wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
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| So even my stethoscope is now digital. |
因此甚至我的听诊器现在也是数字化的。 |
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stethoscope:vt.用听诊器诊断;n.[临床]听诊器;
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| And of course, there's an app for that. |
当然,它有个应用程序。 |
| We're moving, obviously, to the era of the tricorder. |
明显我们正走向分析仪时代。 |
| So the handheld ultrasound is basically surpassing and supplanting the stethoscope. |
因此手持式超声机 基本上超越并取代了听诊器。 |
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handheld:adj.掌上型;手持型; ultrasound:n.超声;超音波; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; supplanting:vt.代替;排挤掉;
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| These are now at a price point of -- what used to be 100,000 euros or a couple of hundred-thousand dollars -- for about 5,000 dollars, I can have the power of a very powerful diagnostic device in my hand. |
目前的价位 --以前是10万欧元或者几十万美元-- 现在大约5000美元,我就能买得起 一个非常强大的诊断装置。 |
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euros:n.欧元;欧洛斯风;带雨东南暴风(euro复数); device:n.装置;策略;图案;
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| And merging this now with the advent of electronic medical records -- in the United States, we're still less than 20 percent electronic. |
把这个装置和电子医疗记录结合起来-- 在美国,电子化仍然少于百分之二十。 |
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advent:n.到来;出现;基督降临;基督降临节; electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
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| Here in the Netherlands, I think it's more than 80 percent. |
在荷兰,我想这数据要多于百分之八十。 |
| But now that we're switching to merging medical data, making it available electronically , we can crowd source that information, and now as a physician, I can access my patients ' data from wherever I am just through my mobile device. |
但是现在我们转到合并医疗数据, 使它电子化, 我们能够集中信息资源。 现在作为一名医生,我可以从任何地方查看我的病人的数据 仅通过我的手机。 |
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electronically:adv.电子地; source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
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| And now, of course, we're in the era of the iPad, even the iPad 2. |
当然,如今我们处在iPad,甚至iPad2时代。 |
| And just last month the first FDA-approved application was approved to allow radiologists to do actual reading on these sorts of devices . |
上个月首个FDA应用程序 证实可以让放射专家 在这些设备上直接读图。 |
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application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) radiologists:放射线学者;[特医]放射科医师(radiologist的名词复数); devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
|
| So certainly, the physicians of today, including myself, are completely reliable on these devices. |
可以确定的说,今天的医生,包括我自己, 完全依赖这些设备。 |
|
physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数); reliable:adj.可信赖的;可依靠的;真实可信的;可靠的;
|
| And as you saw just about a month ago, |
正如你们大约一个月前看到的, |
| Watson from IBM beat the two champions in Jeopardy . |
来自IBM的沃特森在“危险”中打败了2位冠军。 |
|
Jeopardy:n.危险;(被告处于被判罪或受处罚的)危险境地;
|
| So I want you to imagine when in a couple of years, when we've started to apply this cloud-based information, when we really have the A.I. physician and leverage our brains to connectivity to make decisions and diagnostics at a level never done. |
因此我想让你们想像当我们在未来几年内 当我们开始采用这种基于云端的信息 当我们真正地有了人工智能医生来利用我们的大脑连接 去做决定和诊断 在一个前所未有的技术水平上。 |
|
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; connectivity:n.[数]连通性;
|
| Already today, you don't need to go to your physician in many cases. |
如今,在很多情况下你们已经不需要去看医生。 |
| Only for about 20 percent of actual visits do you have to lay hands on the patient. |
只有大约20%情况下真的需要看医生。 |
|
lay hands on:得到;找到;攻击;
|
| We're now in the era of virtual visits -- from sort of the Skype-type visits you can do with American Well, to Cisco that's developed a very complex health presence system. |
我们正处在虚拟看病时代-- 从通过某种Skype视频语聊式的“American Well 看病, 到思科研制的非常复杂的健康诊断系统。 |
|
Cisco:n.加拿大白鲑(一种青鱼);Cisco公司(是企业网络产品的全球领先供应商); complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
|
| The ability to interact with your health care provider is different. |
这与给你提供健康保健医师之间的交流能力是有所不同的。 |
|
interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息; provider:n.供应者;养家者;
|
| And these are being augmented even by our devices again today. |
如今我们这些交流能力甚至正在被这些技术设备又增强了。 |
|
augmented:adj.增广的;增音的;扩张的;
|
| Here my friend Jessica sent me a picture of her head laceration so I can save her a trip to the emergency room -- I can do some diagnostics that way. |
这是我的朋友杰西卡寄给我的她头部裂伤的照片 因此她不用来急诊室--我可以通过看照片做诊断。 |
|
laceration:n.裂伤;撕裂;割破; emergency room:n.急诊室;
|
| Or might we be able to leverage today's gaming technology, like the Microsoft Kinect, and hack that to enable diagnostics, for example, in diagnosing stroke , using simple motion detection , using hundred-dollar devices. |
或者我们也许能利用今天的游戏技术, 比如微软Kinect, 使其能进行诊断,比如, 诊断中风, 用简单的移动检测,用几百元的设备。 |
|
hack:n.砍; v.砍; adj.出租的; enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; diagnosing:n.诊断;v.诊断(diagnose的现在分词); stroke:n.中风;笔画;钟声;抚摩;v.抚摩(动物的毛皮);轻抚;轻挪;轻触; motion:n.动作;移动;手势;请求;意向;议案;v.运动;打手势; detection:n.侦查,探测;发觉,发现;察觉;
|
| We can actually now visit our patients robotically -- this is the RP7; if I'm a hematologist , visit another clinic , visit a hospital. |
我们实际上现在能用机器人诊断病人-- 这是RP7;如果我是一个血液病专家, 去另一个诊所,或医院。 |
|
hematologist:n.[基医]血液学家; clinic:n.诊所;临床实习;(医院的)门诊部;门诊时间;
|
| These will be augmented by a whole suite of tools actually in the home now. |
如果现在在家里有一整套工具,这些工具会帮助我们增强彼此的交流。 |
|
suite:n.套房;一套家具;组曲(由三个或更多相关部分组成);套装软件;
|
| So imagine we already have wireless scales . |
想像一下我们已经有了无线网络体重计。 |
|
scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数)
|
| You can step on the scale. |
你可以站在体重计上。 |
| You can Tweet your weight to your friends, and they can keep you in line. |
你可以用微博把你的体重告知朋友,他们能让你保持身材。 |
| We have wireless blood pressure cuffs . |
我们有无线网络血压计。 |
|
blood pressure:n.[医]血压; cuffs:n.袖口;手铐(cuff的复数形式);护腕;
|
| A whole gamut of these technologies are being put together . |
一整套技术正在整合在一起。 |
|
gamut:n.全音阶;全音域;整个范围; put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
|
| So instead of wearing these kludgy devices, we can put on a simple patch . |
所以我们不用戴这些分离的装置,我们可以把它们放在一个简单的小片上。 |
|
patch:n.补丁;小片;眼罩;色斑;v.修补;打补丁;缝补;
|
| This was developed by colleagues at Stanford, called the iRhythm -- completely supplants the prior technology at a much lower price point with much more effectivity. |
斯坦福的同事发明了iRhythm-- 在价格上远远低于以前的技术 但有效率得多。 |
|
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); prior:adj.先前的; n.(小隐修院)院长; v.居先;
|
| Now we're also in the era, today, of quantified self. |
现在我们处在量化自我的时代。 |
|
quantified:adj.量化的,定量;v.被量化(quantify的过去分词);
|
| Consumers now can buy basically hundred-dollar devices, like this little FitBit . |
人们可以买几百元的装置, 像这个小FitBit。 |
|
Consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) FitBit:n.一家美国科技公司;
|
| I can measure my steps, my caloric outtake . |
我可以计算出我的步数和热量消耗。 |
|
caloric:adj.热量的;卡的;n.热量; outtake:n.通风孔;排气道;(电影的)被剪片断;
|
| I can get insight into that on a daily basis. |
我能够每天都知道了解这数据。 |
| I can share that with my friends, with my physician. |
我可以和朋友或医生分享这些数据。 |
| There's watches coming out that will measure your heart rate, the Zeo sleep monitors, a whole suite of tools that can enable you to leverage and have insight into your own health. |
这些表可以测量心律,叫做Zeo睡眠监测仪, 一整套工具能让你受益 并了解你自己的健康。 |
| And as we start to integrate this information, we're going to know better what to do with it and how better to have insight into our own pathologies , health and wellness. |
在我们开始整合信息时, 我们会更好的了解用它做什么和怎么更好的 了解我们自己的病理,健康和福利。 |
|
integrate:v.成为一体;(使)加入;adj.完全的; pathologies:n.病理学(复数pathologies);
|
| There's even mirrors today that can pick up your pulse rate. |
现在有镜子可以测量你的脉搏率。 |
|
pulse:n.脉冲;脉搏;脉率;强劲的音乐节拍;v.搏动;跳动;震动;洋溢着;
|
| And I would argue, in the future, we'll have wearable devices in our clothes, monitoring ourselves 24/7. |
我要说,在将来,我们将有穿在衣服里的装置, 全天候检测我们的身体。 |
|
wearable:adj.可穿用的,可佩带的;耐用的;n.衣服;
|
| And just like we have the OnStar system in cars, your red light might go on -- it won't say "check engine" though. |
就像我们现在车里用的OnStar系统, 你的红灯会亮起来--它虽然不会说“检查发动机”。 |
| It's going to be "check your body" light, and go in and get it taken care of. |
它将会是“检查身体”灯, 亮起来就得小心。 |
| Probably in a few years, you'll check into your mirror and it's going to be diagnosing you. |
也许几年之后,你照镜子的时候 它就会诊断你。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| For those of you with kiddos at home, how would you like to have the wireless diaper that supports your ... |
对于你们中在家带小孩的, 你会觉得无线网络尿布会帮你大忙。。。 |
|
kiddos:n.老兄;老姐(kiddo的变形); diaper:n.尿布;v.给孩子换尿布;
|
| too much information, I think, than you might need. |
我认为有比你需要的多得多的信息。 |
| But it's going to be here. |
但是会是这里。 |
| Now we've heard a lot today about new technology and connection. |
现在我们已经听了太多技术和连接, |
| And I think some of these technologies will enable us to be more connected with our patients, and take more time and actually do the important human touch elements of medicine, as augmented by these sorts of technologies. |
我认为一些技术 将会使我们和病人联系得更好, 节约更多的时间, 实际上增进医学交流中重要的人与人之间的交互, 这些技术都能增强这些交流。 |
|
elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
|
| Now we've talked about augmenting the patient, to some degree. |
现在我们在某种程度上谈过了与患者的增进交流。 |
| How about augmenting the physician? |
那与医生的增进交流呢？ |
| We're now in the era of super-enabling the surgeon who can now go inside the body and do things with robotic surgery , which is here today, at a level that was not really possible even five years ago. |
我们正处在超能医生时代 他们能进入身体内部 用机器人做手术,如今成为现实, 在过去这是不可能完成的 即使在5年前。 |
|
surgeon:n.外科医生; surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室;
|
| Now this is being augmented with further layers of technology like augmented reality. |
现在这种技术被多重技术所增强 就像增强现实一样。 |
|
layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数)
|
| So the surgeon can see inside the patient, through their lens, where the tumor is, where the blood vessels are. |
医生能通过镜头看到患者身体内部, 肿瘤在哪里,血管在哪里。 |
|
tumor:n.肿瘤;肿块;赘生物; vessels:n.血管(vessel的复数);船舶;容器;
|
| This can be integrated with decisions support. |
这可以和决策支持合并在一起。 |
|
integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词)
|
| A surgeon in New York can be helping a surgeon in Amsterdam , for example. |
例如,纽约的一个医生能帮助阿姆斯特丹的另一个医生做手术。 |
|
Amsterdam:n.阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都);阿姆斯特丹(美国纽约东部城市);
|
| And we're entering an era of really, truly scarless surgery called NOTES, where the robotic endoscope can come out the stomach and pull out that gallbladder all in a scarless way and robotically. |
我们正处在一个 叫做NOTES的真正无疤手术时代, 机器人的内窥镜能穿过胃部 切除胆囊 全程都是机器人化无疤方式。 |
|
endoscope:n.[临床]内窥镜;内诊镜; gallbladder:n.[解剖]胆囊;
|
| And this is called NOTES, and this is coming -- basically scarless surgery, as mediated by robotic surgery. |
这就叫做NOTES,这就是-- 基本无疤手术, 通过机器人手术来实现。 |
|
mediated:vt.仲裁,调停;调解(mediate的过去式及过去分词形式);
|
| Now how about controlling other elements? |
现如今控制其他元素会怎么样呢？ |
| For those who have disabilities -- the paraplegic -- there's the era of brain-computer interface , or BCI, where chips have been put on the motor cortex of completely quadriplegic patients and they can control a curser or a wheelchair or, eventually , a robotic arm. |
对于残疾人--半身不遂-- 这是大脑-计算机交互时代,或者叫BCI, 在大脑皮层运动区放置芯片 对四肢瘫痪者 他们能够控制一个遥控器或者一个轮椅或者,最终,一个机器手臂。 |
|
disabilities:n.残疾(disability的复数);身心障碍者; paraplegic:n.下身麻痹患者;adj.截瘫的; interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接; chips:炸土豆条(chip的复数) cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮; quadriplegic:n.四肢瘫痪者;adj.四肢瘫痪的; wheelchair:n.轮椅; eventually:adv.最后,终于;
|
| And these devices are getting smaller and going into more and more of these patients. |
这些装置变得越来越小 可以植入越来越多的患者体内。 |
| Still in clinical trials, but imagine when we can connect these, for example, to the amazing bionic limb , such as the DEKA Arm built by Dean Kamen and colleagues, which has 17 degrees of motion and freedom and can allow the person who's lost a limb to have much higher levels of dexterity or control than they've had in the past. |
虽然仍在临床实验阶段,但是设想当我们能连接这些技术, 例如,令人惊叹的仿生学假肢, 像迪安·卡门和他的同事们所设计的DEKA手臂, 它有17度的移动和灵活度 能够让失去一个肢体的人 有更高水平的灵活和控制度 比起他们过去曾有过的手臂。 |
|
clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; bionic:adj.仿生学的;利用仿生学的; limb:n.肢,臂;分支;枝干;v.切断…的手足;从…上截下树枝; Dean:n.院长;系主任;教务长;主持牧师; dexterity:n.灵巧;敏捷;机敏;
|
| So we're really entering the era of wearable robotics actually. |
我们实际上真正进入了可穿用的机器人时代。 |
| If you haven't lost a limb -- you've had a stroke, for example -- you can wear these augmented limbs . |
如果你没有失去一个肢体--比方说,你有过中风-- 你可以穿用这些假肢。 |
|
limbs:n.[解剖]四肢(limb的复数);
|
| Or if you're a paraplegic -- like I've visited the folks at Berkley Bionics -- they've developed eLEGS. |
或者如果你是一个半身不遂患者--像我拜访过的在伯克利仿生学实验室工作的同事们-- 他们发明了电子腿eLEGS。 |
|
Bionics:n.仿生学;
|
| I took this video last week. Here's a paraplegic patient actually walking by strapping on these exoskeletons . |
我上周拍了这段视频。这是一个半身不遂患者正在走路 通过穿上这些盔甲。 |
|
strapping:n.鞭打; adj.魁梧的; v.用带捆扎; exoskeletons:n.[昆]外骨骼;
|
| He's otherwise completely wheelchair-bound . |
如果不穿这些盔甲他完全得依靠轮椅。 |
|
wheelchair-bound:坐轮椅的;
|
| And now this is the early era of wearable robotics. |
现在是可穿用机器人时代的早期。 |
| And I think by leveraging these sorts of technologies, we're going to change the definition of disability to in some cases be superability, or super-enabling. |
我认为通过采用这些技术, 我们能够改变残疾的定义 在某些情况下成为超常或者超能。 |
|
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; disability:n.残疾;无能;无资格;不利条件;
|
| This is Aimee Mullins, who lost her lower limbs as a young child, and Hugh Herr, who's a professor at MIT who lost his limbs in a climbing accident. |
这是艾米·马林斯,在小时候她失去了下肢, 休·贺尔,麻省理工的教授 在一次攀岩事故中失去了肢体。 |
| And now both of these can climb better, move faster, swim differently with their prosthetics than us normal-abled persons. |
现在他们可以比我们正常人爬得更好,移动得更快,以不同的姿势游泳 通过修复手术。 |
|
prosthetics:n.[外科]修复学,修补学;弥补术;
|
| Now how about other exponentials ? |
其他的指数技术怎么样呢？ |
|
exponentials:n.[数]指数;
|
| Clearly the obesity trend is exponentially going in the wrong direction, including with huge costs. |
很明显肥胖趋势朝错误的方向指数发展, 包括巨额支出。 |
|
obesity:n.肥大,肥胖; trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向;
|
| But the trend in medicine actually is to get exponentially smaller. |
但是在医学上这种趋势正在指数减少。 |
| So a few examples: we're now in the era of " Fantastic Voyage ," the iPill. |
有几个例子:我们现在处在 “奇异旅程”时代,iPill。 |
|
Fantastic:奇异的,空想的 Voyage:v.航行;远行;(尤指)远航;n.航行;(尤指)航海;
|
| You can swallow this completely integrated device. |
你可以吞下这个完全集成的装置。 |
|
swallow:v.吞下;咽下;吞没;相信;n.吞;咽;燕;一次吞咽的量;
|
| It can take pictures of your GI system, help diagnose and treat as it moves through your GI tract . |
它能在你的消化道里拍照片, 当它通过你的消化道的时候帮助你诊断和治疗。 |
|
diagnose:vt.诊断;断定;vi.诊断;判断; treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; tract:n.束;地带;小册子;大片土地;
|
| We get into even smaller micro-robots that will eventually autonomously move through your system again and be able to do things that surgeons can't do in a much less invasive manner. |
我们感兴趣更小的微型机器人 将会最终自动通过你的消化系统 能做到医生做不到的事情 用一种痛苦少得多的方式。 |
|
autonomously:adv.自治地;独立自主地; surgeons:n.外科医生;(surgeon的复数) invasive:adj.侵略性的;攻击性的;
|
| Sometimes these might self-assemble in your GI system and be augmented in that reality. |
有时这些装置也许可以在你的消化系统自行组装 从而增强其使用价值。 |
|
self-assemble:vi.自组装;
|
| On the cardiac side, pacemakers are getting smaller and much easier to place so you don't need to train an interventional cardiologist to place them. |
对于心脏手术,起搏器正变得 更容易放置, 因此你不需要训练一个介入心脏医师去放置它们。 |
|
cardiac:n.强心剂;强胃剂;adj.心脏的;心脏病的;贲门的; pacemakers:[基医]起搏器; interventional:介入性; cardiologist:n.心脏病学家;心脏病科医师;
|
| And they're going to be wirelessly telemetered again to your mobile devices so you can go places and be monitored remotely . |
它们将会被你的手机遥控, 你可以去任何地方并远程遥控。 |
|
wirelessly:用无线电报与…联系;用无线电报发送(信息等):;;打无线电报;打无线电话; remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地;
|
| These are shrinking even further. |
这些装置正在被变得更小。 |
|
shrinking:v.(使)缩水,收缩,缩小,退缩;(shrink的现在分词)
|
| Here's one that's in prototyping by Medtronic that's smaller than a penny. |
这是一个Medtronic制作的样品,比一分硬币还小。 |
|
prototyping:n.[计]样机研究;原型设计;
|
| Artificial retinas , the ability to put these arrays on the back of the eyeball and allow the blind to see. |
人工视网膜的功能是把光线集中在眼球后面 从而让失明者恢复视力。 |
|
retinas:n.[解剖]视网膜; eyeball:n.眼球;眼珠;v.瞪着;逼视;盯住
|
| Again, in early trials, but moving into the future. |
虽然仍在早期试验阶段,但是有很好的前景。 |
| These are going to be game changing. |
这些技术将会是革命性的。 |
| Or for those of us who are sighted, how about having the assisted-living contact lens ? |
对于我们中的那些视力有问题的人, 有了这些辅助生活的隐形眼镜会怎样呢？ |
|
contact lens:n.隐形眼镜;
|
| BlueTooth , WiFi available -- beams back images to your eye. |
用蓝牙,无线网络--投射图像到你的眼球上。 |
|
BlueTooth:n.蓝牙技术(一种无线通信的标准); beams:[建]梁; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Now if you have trouble maintaining your diet, it might help to have some extra imagery to remind you how many calories are going to be coming at you. |
如果你不能保持节食, 一些图像也许会有助于 提醒你食物里有多少热量。 |
|
maintaining:n.维护;保养;v.维持;保养;(maintain的现在分词) extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外: imagery:n.像;意象;比喻;形象化; remind:v.提醒;使想起; calories:n.[物]卡路里(热量单位,calorie的复数);
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| How about enabling the pathologist to use their cell phone again to see at a microscopic level and to lumber that data back to the cloud and make better diagnostics? |
让病理学家能用他们的手机 在显微水平观察 把数据放回云端信息来做更好的诊断会怎样？ |
|
enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词); pathologist:n.病理学家; microscopic:adj.微观的;用显微镜可见的; lumber:vi.伐木; vt.砍伐木材; n.木材;
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| In fact, the whole era of laboratory medicine is completely changing. |
实际上,整个实验医学时代 完全变了。 |
|
laboratory:n.实验室,研究室;
|
| We can now leverage microfluidics, like this chip made by Steve Quake at Stanford. |
我们能利用微流体, 像斯坦福的Steve Quake公司制造的芯片。 |
|
Quake:vi.震动;颤抖;n.地震;颤抖;
|
| Microfluidics can replace an entire lab of technicians . |
微流体能替代整个实验室的技术员。 |
|
technicians:n.[劳经]技术员(technician的复数);工作人员;
|
| Put it on a chip, enable thousands of tests to be done at the point of care, anywhere in the world. |
把它放在一个芯片上,能做几千个测试 在世界任何地方都可以做。 |
|
at the point of:靠近;正要;
|
| And this is really going to leverage technology to the rural and the under-served and enable what used to be thousand-dollar tests to be done at pennies and at the point of care. |
这将真正地从技术上获益 那些农村和保障不发达地区 能让过去上千块的测试减到几分钱 在护理方面上讲。 |
|
rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
|
| If we go down the small pathway a little bit farther, we're entering the era of nanomedicine, the ability to make devices super small to the point where we can design red blood cells |
如果在这条小路上走得稍微远一点, 我们将来到纳米医学时代, 能将装置做得超小 小到我们可以设计血红细胞 |
|
pathway:n.路,道;途径,路径;
|
| or microrobots that will monitor our blood system or immune system , or even those that might clear out the clots from our arteries . |
或者微型机器人来监测我们的血液系统或免疫系统, 或者甚至清除动脉里的血栓。 |
|
immune system:n.免疫系统; clots:n.血块(clot的复数);v.凝结(clot的第三人称单数形式); arteries:n.[解剖]动脉(artery的复数);v.给…提供动脉(artery的单数第三人称);
|
| Now how about exponentially cheaper? |
如果指数更加便宜会怎样？ |
| Not something we usually think about in the era of medicine, but hard disks used to be 3,400 dollars for 10 megabytes -- exponentially cheaper. |
在医学领域,这种便宜不是我们通常认为的那样, 而是10MB硬盘过去3400美元--指数便宜。 |
|
megabytes:n.百万字节(megabyte的复数);
|
| In genomics now, the genome cost about a billion dollars about 10 years ago when the first one came out. |
在基因组学, 基因组价值约10亿美元 10年前当第一个基因组出现的时候。 |
|
genomics:n.基因组学;基因体学; genome:n.基因组;染色体组;
|
| We're now approaching essentially a thousand-dollar genome -- probably next year to two years, probably a hundred-dollar genome. |
我们现在基本上可以1000美元买到。 也许今后一两年,100美元的基因组会出现。 |
| What are we going to do with hundred-dollar genomes ? |
我们能用100美元的基因组做什么呢? |
|
genomes:n.[遗]基因组(genome复数);
|
| And soon we'll have millions of these tests available. |
不久以后我们可以进行上百万的测试。 |
| And that's when it gets interesting, when we start to crowdsource that information. |
那就是当它变得有趣的时候,当我们开始集中信息资源的时候。 |
|
crowdsource:vi.众包,众包指的是一个公司或机构把过去由员工执行的工作任务,以自由自愿的形式外包给非特定的(而且通常是大型的)大众网络的做法;
|
| And we enter the era of true personalized medicine -- the right drug for the right person at the right time -- instead of what we're doing today, which is the same drug for everybody -- sort of blockbuster drug medications , medications which don't work for you, the individual. |
我们进入了真正的个人化医学时代-- 在正确的时间为正确的人制造正确的药-- 而不是像现在我们这样,给每个人同样的药物-- 一种药物治疗的混乱, 对你个人不一定有效。 |
|
personalized:v.在…上标明主人姓名; (personalize的过去分词和过去式) at the right time:在适当时候; blockbuster:n.轰动;巨型炸弹;一鸣惊人者; medications:n.药;药物;(medication的复数)
|
| And many, many different companies are working on leveraging these approaches . |
很多不同的公司正在利用这些方法。 |
|
approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度;
|
| And I'll also show you a simple example, from 23andMe again. |
我会给你一个简单的例子,还是来自23andMe。 |
| My data indicates that I've got about average risk for developing macular degeneration , a kind of blindness. |
我的数据表明我已经达到平均风险系数 对于黄斑病变,一种失明病。 |
|
indicates:v.表明指示,显示;(indicate的第三人称单数) macular:adj.有斑点的;有污点的; degeneration:n.退化;[医]变性;堕落;恶化;
|
| But if I take that same data, upload it to deCODEme, |
但是如果我把同样的数据上传到deCODEme, |
|
upload:v.上传;
|
| I can look at my risk for sample Type II diabetes . |
比如我能看到我得2型糖尿病的风险指数。 |
|
diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症;
|
| I'm at almost twice the risk for Type II diabetes. |
我现在差不多有2倍的风险得2型糖尿病。 |
| I might want to watch how much dessert I have at the lunch break for example. |
例如我也许想看到午饭的时候吃多少甜点。 |
|
dessert:n.甜食;甜品;餐后甜点;
|
| It might change my behavior. |
这也许能改变我的行为。 |
| Leveraging my knowledge of my pharmacogenomics -- how my genes modulate , what my drugs do and what doses I need are going to become increasingly important, |
利用我基因测试学的知识-- 我的基因怎样调整,我的药物作用是什么和我需要什么 将变得越来越重要, |
|
pharmacogenomics:药物基因组学;药物基因体学;药物基因学 genes:n.基因;(gene的复数) modulate:vt.调节;(信号)调制;调整;vi.调制;转调; doses:v.服药(dose的三单形式);n.[药][核]剂量(dose的复数); increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
|
| and once in the hands of the individual and the patient, will make better drug dosing and selection available. |
在个人和患者手中的时候, 将使得可用的药物选择和服用更好。 |
|
in the hands of:由…掌握;在…掌握中; dosing:n.定量给料,配量;精密分注; selection:n.选择;选拔;挑选;被挑选的人(或物);
|
| So again, it's not just genes, it's multiple details -- our habits, our environmental exposure . |
所以不仅是基因,有多种因素-- 我们的习惯,我们的环境。 |
|
exposure:n.暴露;显露;揭露;面临;
|
| When was the last time your physician asked you where you've lived? |
上次医生问你住在哪里是什么时间？ |
| Geomedicine: where you've lived, what you've been exposed to, can dramatically affect your health. |
风土医学:你住在哪里,你接触过什么 能极大影响你的健康。 |
|
exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式)
|
| We can capture that information. |
我们能抓住这些信息。 |
|
capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获
|
| So genomics, proteomics , the environment, all this data streaming at us individually and us, as poor physicians, how do we manage it? |
因此基因组学,蛋白组学,环境, 所有数据涌向我们作为个体人和医生们。 我们怎样管理它们呢？ |
|
proteomics:蛋白质组学;蛋白质体学;蛋白组学 individually:adv.个别地,单独地;
|
| Well we're now entering the era of systems medicine, or systems biology , where we can start to integrate all of this information. |
我们正在进入系统医学或者系统生物学时代, 我们能开始集成这些信息。 |
|
biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
|
| And by looking at the patterns, for example, in our blood of 10,000 biomarkers in a single test, we can start to look at these little patterns and detect disease at a much earlier stage. |
通过这些式样,例如,在我们的血液中 一个测试中有10000个生物标记, 我们能看这些小的式样 在非常早期发现疾病。 |
|
biomarkers:n.生物标记;生物指标(biomarker的复数);
|
| This has been called by Lee Hood, the father of the field, |
这个领域的创始人,李·胡德叫这种方法为 |
| P4 medicine. |
P4医学。 |
| We're going to be predictive; we're going to know what you're likely to have. |
我们将能预测;我们能知道我们可能会怎样。 |
| We can be preventative; that prevention can be personalized; and more importantly, it's going to become increasingly participatory . |
我们能预防;这种预防性可以个人化; 更重要的是,它将变得共享。 |
|
prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍; participatory:adj.供人分享的;吸引参与的;
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| Through websites like Patients Like Me or managing your data on Microsoft HealthVault or Google Health, leveraging this together in participatory ways is going to become increasingly important. |
虽然一些网站像Patients Like Me, 微软HealthVault或者谷歌Health可以管理数据, 用共享的方式利用数据 将变得越来越重要。 |
|
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎;
|
| So I'll finish up with exponentially better. |
我将以指数地更好前景来做结束。 |
|
finish up with:以…结束;
|
| We'd like to get therapies better and more effective. |
我们会得到更好更有效的治疗。 |
|
therapies:n.治疗方法(therapy复数形式);
|
| Now today we treat high blood pressure mostly with pills . |
如今我们通常通过吃药治疗高血压。 |
|
pills:n.药丸; v.起球; (pill的第三人称单数和复数)
|
| What if we take a new device and knock out the nerve vessels that help mediate blood pressure and in a single therapy to cure hypertension ? |
如果我们用一种新装置 敲打神经血管帮助调节血压 一次治疗就能治愈高血压。 |
|
knock out:n.淘汰赛;引人注目的人或物;将对方击倒而获胜的一击; nerve:n.神经;勇气;神经质;神经紧张;v.鼓足勇气;振作精神; hypertension:n.高血压;过度紧张;
|
| This is a new device that is essentially doing that. |
这是做这种治疗的一种新装置。 |
| It should be on the market within a year or two. |
它应该能在一两年内投放市场。 |
|
on the market:上市;出售的;
|
| How about more targeted therapies for cancer ? |
更具目标性的癌症治疗会怎样呢？ |
|
cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
|
| Right, I'm an oncologist and I have to say most of what we give is actually poison. |
对,我是肿瘤学家 我不得不说大多数我们开的药实际上是毒药。 |
|
oncologist:n.肿瘤学家;肿瘤医师;
|
| We've learned at Stanford and other places that we can discover cancer stem cells, the ones that seem to be really responsible for disease relapse . |
我们在斯坦福和其他地方学到 我们可以发现癌症干细胞, 可能是癌症复发的真正原因。 |
|
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; relapse:vi.故态复萌;旧病复发;再度堕落;再陷邪道;n.复发,再发;故态复萌;回复原状;
|
| So if you think of cancer as a weed , we often can whack the weed away. |
如果你把癌症看作一个种子, 我们通常能够去除这个种子。 |
|
weed:v.除草;铲除;n.杂草,野草;菸草; whack:v.重打;猛击;击败;削减;n.重击;尝试;份儿;机会;
|
| It seems to shrink, but it often comes back. |
它好像萎缩了,但它经常又重新复发。 |
| So we're attacking the wrong target. |
所以我们正在去除错误的目标体。 |
| The cancer stem cells remain, and the tumor can return months or years later. |
癌症干细胞仍存在, 肿瘤能在几个月或几年后重新长出来。 |
| We're now learning to identify the cancer stem cells and identify those as targets and go for the long-term cure. |
我们现在学会了鉴定癌症干细胞 作为鉴定目标体来进行长期治疗。 |
|
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
|
| And we're entering the era of personalized oncology , the ability to leverage all of this data together, analyze the tumor and come up with a real, specific cocktail for the individual patient. |
我们正在进入个人化肿瘤学时代, 利用汇集所有数据的能力, 分析肿瘤并提出来 针对每一个患者而采用的一个真正的,明确的鸡尾酒疗法。 |
|
oncology:n.[肿瘤]肿瘤学; analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse); come up with:提出;想出;赶上; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; cocktail:n.鸡尾酒;开味食品;n.混合物;adj.鸡尾酒的;
|
| Now I'll close with regenerative medicine. |
最后我会讲讲再生医学。 |
|
regenerative:adj.再生的,更生的;更新的;
|
| So I've studied a lot about stem cells -- embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful. |
我对干细胞研究很多-- 胚胎干细胞尤其强大。 |
|
embryonic:adj.[胚]胚胎的;似胚胎的; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
|
| We also have adult stem cells throughout our body. |
我们有遍布我们身体的成体干细胞。 |
|
throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
|
| We use those in my field of bone marrow transplantation . |
我们把这些干细胞用于骨髓移植领域。 |
|
bone marrow:n.骨髓; transplantation:n.移植;迁移;移民;
|
| Geron, just last year, started the first trial using human embryonic stem cells to treat spinal cord industries. |
杰龙去年开始第一次尝试 用人类的胚胎干细胞 治疗脊髓疾病。 |
|
spinal cord:n.脊髓;
|
| Still a Phase I trial, but evolving . |
仍在试验阶段,但是不断进展。 |
|
Phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做; evolving:v.(使)逐渐形成,逐渐演变;进化形成;(evolve的现在分词)
|
| We've been actually using adult stem cells now in clinical trials for about 15 years to approach a whole range of topics, particularly in cardiovascular disease. |
我们已经应用成体干细胞 在临床试验大约15年了 在不同的课题,尤其是心血管病。 |
|
cardiovascular:adj.[解剖]心血管的;
|
| We take our own bone marrow cells and treat a patient with a heart attack , we can see much improved heart function and actually better survival using our own bone marrow drive cells after a heart attack. |
我们取出自己的骨髓细胞 治疗心脏病人, 我们可以看到心脏功能改善了并且存活率提高了 在心脏病发作后用我们自己的骨髓细胞。 |
|
heart attack:n.[医]心肌梗塞 improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式) survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
|
| I invented a device called the MarrowMiner, a much less invasive way for harvesting bone marrow. |
我发明了一种装置叫骨髓采集器MarrowMiner, 一种温和得多的收集骨髓的方式。 |
| It's now been FDA approved, and it'll hopefully be on the market in the next year or so. |
它已经被FDA认证, 将会在一两年内投放市场。 |
| Hopefully you can appreciate the device there curving through the patient's body and removing the patient's bone marrow, instead of with 200 punctures , with just a single puncture under local anesthesia . |
希望你能重视这种装置 它沿着患者的身体曲线获取患者的骨髓, 以前需要200次穿刺,现在在局部麻醉的情况下只要一次穿刺。 |
|
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; curving:adj.弯曲的;n.弯曲;曲线;变形;v.使弯曲;弯成弧形(curve的ing形式); punctures:n.小孔;刺痕;穿刺术(puncture的复数);v.穿刺(puncture的三单形式);减低; anesthesia:n.麻醉;麻木(等于anaesthesia);
|
| But where is stem cell therapy really going? |
但是干细胞治疗的前景会怎样？ |
|
stem cell:干细胞;
|
| If you think about it, every cell in your body has the same DNA as you had when you were an embryo. |
如果你考虑一下,身体里的每个细胞有同样的DNA 在你还是胚胎的时候就形成了。 |
| We can now reprogram your skin cells to actually act like a pluripotent embryonic stem cell and to utilize those potentially to treat multiple organs in that same patient -- making your own personalized stem cell lines. |
我们现在能重新构造你的皮肤细胞 就像一个多能的胚胎干细胞 利用这种技术可能治疗同一个患者的多个器官-- 制造你自己个人化的干细胞系。 |
|
reprogram:vt.改编程序;程序重调; pluripotent:adj.多能(性)的; utilize:v.利用;运用;使用;应用; organs:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴(organ的复数);
|
| And I think they'll be a new era of your own stem cell banking to have in the freezer your own cardiac cells, myocytes and neural cells to use them in the future, should you need them. |
我认为这将是你自己干细胞库的新时代 把你自己的心肌细胞存放在冰箱中, 还可以是肌肉细胞和神经细胞 在你将来需要它们的时候用。 |
|
freezer:n.冰箱;冷冻库;制冷工; myocytes:n.肌细胞;肌丝层; neural:adj.神经的;神经系统的;背的;神经中枢的;
|
| And we're integrating this now with a whole era of cellular engineering , and integrating exponential technologies for essentially 3D organ printing -- replacing the ink with cells and essentially building and reconstructing a 3D organ. |
我们现在集成这些技术作为一整个细胞工程学时代。 集成指数技术 对于3D器官复制-- 用细胞替代墨水 最终重建一个3D器官。 |
|
integrating:v.(使)合并,成为一体;(使)加入,融入群体;(integrate的现在分词) cellular:adj.细胞的;多孔的;由细胞组成的;n.移动电话;单元; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) reconstructing:v.再现,重建;改造(reconstruct的ing形式);
|
| That's where things are going to head -- still very early days . |
这是未来的展望;仍然在初始阶段。 |
|
early days:初期;为时尚早;前期;
|
| But I think, as integration of exponential technologies, this is the example. |
但是我认为,作为指数技术集成, 这是一个例子。 |
| So in close, as you think about technology trends and how to impact health and medicine, we're entering an era of miniaturization , decentralization and personalization . |
近期,当你考虑技术趋势 怎样影响健康和医学, 我们正进入小型化 分散化和个性化时代。 |
|
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) miniaturization:n.小型化,微型化; decentralization:n.分散;非集权化;(人口、工业等的)疏散; personalization:n.个性化;
|
| And I think by pulling these things together, if we can start to think about how to understand and leverage these, we're going to empower the patient, enable the doctor, enhance wellness and begin to cure the well before they get sick. |
我认为把这些特性结合在一起, 如果我们能开始思考怎样了解和利用这些技术, 我们将会使患者恢复地更好, 医生更有能力,增强福利 防患于未然。 |
|
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; enhance:v.提高;增强;增进;
|
| Because I know as a doctor, if someone comes to me with Stage I disease, |
因为作为医生我知道,如果某人在患病初期找到我, |
| I'm thrilled -- we can often cure them. |
我很高兴--我们通常能治愈他们。 |
|
thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式)
|
| But often it's too late and it's Stage III or IV cancer, for example. |
但是经常太晚了,比方说癌症3期或者4期。 |
| So by leveraging these technologies together, |
通过集成这些技术, |
| I think we'll enter a new era that I like to call Stage 0 medicine. |
我认为我们将进入一个新时代 我愿意叫它零阶段医学。 |
| And as a cancer doctor, I'm looking forward to being out of a job. |
作为一名癌症医生,我期待失业。 |
| Thanks very much. |
非常感谢。 |
| Host: Thank you. Thank you. |
主持人:谢谢。谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Take a bow. Take a bow. |
鞠躬。鞠躬。 |