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DanPallotta_2013-_重新思考慈善事业_
I want to talk about social innovation and social entrepreneurship . 我想跟大家聊聊“社会公益创新”（social innovation） 和“社会公益事业”（social entrepreneurship）。
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; entrepreneurship:n.企业家精神;
I happen to have triplets . 我有三个孩子,他们是三胞胎。
triplets:n.[妇产]三胞胎;一窝三子;
They're little. They're five years old. 他们现在5岁,还很小。
Sometimes I tell people I have triplets. 当我告诉人们我有三胞胎的时候
They say, "Really? How many?" 他们说,“真的,多少个？”
Here's a picture of the kids. 这是这些小家伙的照片
That's Sage and Annalisa and Rider . 分别叫Sage、Annalisa和Rider
Sage:n.圣人;贤人;哲人;adj.明智的;贤明的;审慎的; Rider:n.骑手;附文;扶手;
Now, I also happen to be gay. 现在,我也是一个同性恋。
Being gay and fathering triplets is by far the most socially innovative , socially entrepreneurial thing 身为一个同性恋父亲养育三胞胎孩子 是我目前做过的最具有社会创新、最具有
innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; entrepreneurial:adj.企业家的,创业者的;中间商的;
I have ever done. 社会事业精神的事情。
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑声）（掌声）
The real social innovation I want to talk about involves charity . 我真正想要说的社会创新 是关于慈善事业的。
involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数) charity:n.慈善;施舍;慈善团体;宽容;施舍物;
I want to talk about how the things we've been taught to think about giving and about charity and about the nonprofit sector are actually undermining the causes we love and our profound yearning to change the world. 我要说的是我们一直以来被灌输的有关慈善、 奉献和非营利部门的概念 正在破坏我们热爱的 慈善事业的根基,而我们强烈的 呼吁各位改变这样的现状。
nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形; undermining:v.逐渐削弱;使逐步减少效力;从根基处破坏;(undermine的现在分词) profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; yearning:n.向往;渴望;adj.思慕的;渴望的;v.渴望;渴求;(yearn的现在分词)
But before I do that, I want to ask if we even believe that the nonprofit sector has any serious role to play in changing the world. 但是在我开始之前,我想要问问大家, 是否真的相信非营利组织是改变世界的 重要力量。
A lot of people say now that business will lift up the developing economies , and social business will take care of the rest. 很多人都说营利性部门负责促进经济发展, 而社会公益将会搞定剩下的事情。
economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
And I do believe that business will move the great mass of humanity forward. 我相信商业活动能够极大的 促进人类的进步。
mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
But it always leaves behind that 10 percent or more that is most disadvantaged or unlucky . 但是总是会有百分之十或更多的人 无法从中获益。
disadvantaged:adj.贫困的; n.弱势团体; v.使处于不利地位(disadvantage的过去式和过去分词); unlucky:adj.不幸的;倒霉的;不吉利的;
And social business needs markets, and there are some issues for which you just can't develop the kind of money measures that you need for a market. 社会事业也需要一个市场, 当你需要的东西无法用金钱来衡量的时候, 创建这样的市场有一些问题需要处理。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
I sit on the board of a center for the developmentally disabled, and these people want laughter and compassion and they want love. 我曾经在一个发展障碍关怀中心呆过 那里的人想要获得的是 快乐、热情和爱。
on the board:在董事会,将在会上讨论;在那块木板上; developmentally:adv.发育地; compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
How do you monetize that? 这些如何货币化？
monetize:vt.定为货币,使成为合法货币;铸造成货币;
And that's where the nonprofit sector and philanthropy come in. 这就是非营利组织和慈善机构的 作用所在。
philanthropy:n.博爱,慈善;慈善事业;
Philanthropy is the market for love. 慈善为关爱提供了市场。
It is the market for all those people for whom there is no other market coming. 这个市场是为那些不被其它任何市场 接受的人准备的。
And so if we really want, like Buckminster Fuller said, a world that works for everyone, with no one and nothing left out, then the nonprofit sector has to be a serious part of the conversation. 如果我们真的想要做到巴克明斯特·富勒说的那样, 不抛弃不放弃任何一个人, 那么非营利组织 就必须在社会中承担起 一个举足轻重的角色。
But it doesn't seem to be working. 但是好像不是这样子的。
Why have our breast cancer charities not come close to finding a cure for breast cancer, or our homeless charities not come close to ending homelessness in any major city? 为什么我们的乳腺癌慈善组织 无法找到治疗乳腺癌的医疗方法？ 为什么关心无家可归者的慈善机构 至今没有在任何一个大城市做到居者有其屋？
cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; charities:n.慈善机构;宽大(charity的复数); homelessness:n.无家可归;
Why has poverty remained stuck at 12 percent of the U.S. population for 40 years? 为什么在过去四十年中美国贫困率 始终不低于总人口的12%？
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
And the answer is, these social problems are massive in scale , our organizations are tiny up against them, and we have a belief system that keeps them tiny. 答案是,这些社会问题 都太大了, 公益组织相比起来太渺小了, 而我们的某些信念压制了这些组织的壮大。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
We have two rulebooks. 我们有两套不同的游戏规则,
We have one for the nonprofit sector and one for the rest of the economic world. 一套是限定非营利组织的, 另一套是限定营利性组织的。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
It's an apartheid , and it discriminates against the [nonprofit] sector in five different areas, the first being compensation . 这是“种族隔离”, 在五个方面歧视非营利组织, 首当其冲的就是人员薪酬。
apartheid:n.种族隔离; discriminates:vt.歧视;区别;辨别;vi.歧视;区别;辨别; compensation:n.补偿;报酬;赔偿金;
So in the for-profit sector, the more value you produce, the more money you can make. 在营利性部门,你的产出越多, 你的收入就越多。
for-profit:以盈利为目的的;
But we don't like nonprofits to use money to incentivize people to produce more in social service. 但是在非营利部门,我们不喜欢 用高报酬来激励社会服务人员提高产出。
nonprofits:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; incentivize:以物质刺激鼓励;
We have a visceral reaction to the idea that anyone would make very much money helping other people. 我们对于那些在帮助他人的过程中 为自己赚钱的行为有种本能的厌恶。
visceral:adj.内脏的;出于本能的;发自肺腑的;粗俗的; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
Interesting that we don't have a visceral reaction to the notion that people would make a lot of money not helping other people. 有意思的是我们对那些在赚钱的过程中 没有帮助他人的人却没有这样的厌恶。
notion:n.观念;信念;理解;
You know, you want to make 50 million dollars selling violent video games to kids, go for it . 比如,你想通过向孩子们兜售暴力游戏 来赚5千万美元,没问题,
violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; go for it:努力争取;加油;
We'll put you on the cover of Wired magazine. 我们会让你上《连线》杂志封面。
But you want to make half a million dollars trying to cure kids of malaria , and you're considered a parasite yourself. (Applause) 但是如果你想通过为得了疟疾的孩子们 提供医疗服务,并只想赚50万美元时, 你会被人看成是贪婪的吸血鬼。（掌声）
malaria:n.[内科]疟疾;瘴气; parasite:n.寄生虫;食客;
And we think of this as our system of ethics , but what we don't realize is that this system has a powerful side effect , which is, it gives a really stark, mutually exclusive choice 我们认为这符合我们的伦理观念, 但是我们没有意识到这个伦理体系 有一个巨大的副作用, 就是它完全的将两种利益分隔开,
ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准; side effect:n.副作用;附带后果; mutually:adv.互相地;互助; exclusive:adj.独有的;排外的;专一的;n.独家新闻;独家经营的项目;排外者;
between doing very well for yourself and your family or doing good for the world to the brightest minds coming out of our best universities, and sends tens of thousands of people 迫使我们最好的大学里面出来的最有才华的头脑进行选择, 要么只能为自己和自己的家庭赚钱 要么只能为整个世界谋利。 结果是数以万计的毕业生
who could make a huge difference in the nonprofit sector marching every year directly into the for-profit sector because they're not willing to make that kind of lifelong economic sacrifice . 放弃了去非营利部门工作, 直接去了营利性部门,因为他们不希望 自己一生都在经济拮据中度过。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; sacrifice:n.牺牲;舍弃;祭献;祭祀;祭品;v.牺牲;献出;作祭献
Businessweek did a survey , looked at the compensation packages for MBAs 10 years of business school , and the median compensation for a Stanford MBA, with bonus, at the age of 38, was 400,000 dollars. 《商业周刊》做过一个调查,他们调查了 商学院MBA毕业生十年来的收入水平。 其中斯坦福大学MBA的毕业生,在38岁时, 各种福利薪资加起来,平均能拿到40万美元。
survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地; business school:n.(大学里针对毕业生的)工商学院; median:n.n.中值,中位数;三角形中线;梯形中位线;adj.中值的;中央的;
Meanwhile , for the same year, the average salary for the CEO of a $5 million-plus medical charity in the U.S. 与此同时,美国规模在5百万美元以上的 医疗慈善团体的CEO平均薪酬只有23.2万美元,
Meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时;
was 232,000 dollars, and for a hunger charity, 84,000 dollars. 食品援助团体的CEO更少,只有8.4万美元。
Now, there's no way you're going to get a lot of people with $400,000 talent to make a $316,000 sacrifice every year to become the CEO of a hunger charity. 你看,你根本没有办法让那些能够拿到 40万美金的人才,放弃31.6万美金的收入, 去一个食品援助团体做CEO。
Some people say, "Well, that's just because those MBA types are greedy ." 有人会说,“那是因为MBA毕业生都很贪婪。”
greedy:adj.贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的;
Not necessarily . They might be smart. 这不一定,可能是因为他们更聪明
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
It's cheaper for that person to donate 100,000 dollars every year to the hunger charity, save 50,000 dollars on their taxes, so still be roughly 270,000 dollars a year ahead of the game , 对他们来说每年捐出去10万美元 给食品援助团体, 能省下来5万美元的个人税, 他们的收入还多出来将近27万美元,
donate:v.赠送;献(血);捐献(器官); roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; ahead of the game:领先,占优势;捷足先登;
now be called a philanthropist because they donated 100,000 dollars to charity, probably sit on the board of the hunger charity, indeed, probably supervise the poor SOB 而且由于他们向慈善团体捐赠了10万美元的善款, 他们成了慈善家, 而且有可能坐进食品援助团体的董事会, 有可能监管着当初决定成为
philanthropist:n.慈善家,博爱主义者;乐善好施的人; donated:v.捐赠,赠送;献(血);捐献(器官);(donate的过去分词和过去式) supervise:vt.监督,管理;指导;vi.监督,管理;指导; SOB:vi.啜泣,呜咽;(风等)发出呜咽声;vt.哭诉,啜泣;n.啜泣,呜咽;
who decided to become the CEO of the hunger charity, and have a lifetime of this kind of power and influence and popular praise still ahead of them. 食品援助团体CEO的可怜的倒霉蛋, 并且在余生中他们的权力、影响力和社会赞许程度 都始终高于慈善团体的CEO。
influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
The second area of discrimination is advertising and marketing. 第二个歧视的地方是广告和营销手段。
discrimination:n.歧视;区别,辨别;识别力; advertising:n.做广告;广告业;广告活动;v.做广告;(advertise的现在分词)
So we tell the for-profit sector, "Spend, spend, spend on advertising until the last dollar no longer produces a penny of value." 我们认为营利性部门砸钱营销是必然的,“砸钱,砸钱, 直到广告投入无法让你转到更多的钱为止。”
But we don't like to see our donations spent on advertising in charity. 但是我们不希望看到我们捐赠给慈善团体的钱被用在广告上。
donations:n.捐赠物;捐赠;赠送;(donation的复数)
Our attitude is, "Well, look, if you can get the advertising donated, you know, at four o'clock in the morning, I'm okay with that. 我们的态度是,“如果你们能够拿到电视台捐赠的广告时间, 比如,凌晨四点没人看的时间段,我没意见。
attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势;
But I don't want my donations spent on advertising. 但是我不希望我的钱拿去买广告时间。
I want it go to the needy ." 我希望我的钱用在需要的人身上。”
needy:adj.贫困的;贫穷的;生活艰苦的;
As if the money invested in advertising could not bring in dramatically greater sums of money to serve the needy. 他们觉得投入在广告中的钱 不能够带来更多的善款去帮助 需要它们的人。
invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式) dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; sums:n.算术题;总数;全部;v.归纳;总计;(sum的第三人称单数和复数)
In the 1990s, my company created the long distance AIDSRide bicycle journeys and the 60-mile-long breast cancer three-day walks, and over the course of nine years, we had 182,000 ordinary heroes participate , and they raised a total of 581 million dollars. 在1990年代,我的企业发起了 长距离“AIDS骑行”自行车骑行活动 和为乳腺癌筹款的60公里三日行走活动, 经过这九年的努力, 有18.2万平民英雄参与进来, 共募集到了5.81亿美元善款。
participate:v.参加;参与;
They raised more money more quickly for these causes than any events in history, all based on the idea that people are weary of being asked to do the least they can possibly do. 这是历史上为艾滋病和乳腺癌筹款的 最快记录。 这一切基于的观点就是 人们已经厌倦被动的去做力所能及的慈善。
weary:adj.疲倦的;厌烦的;令人厌烦的;v.疲倦;厌烦;使厌烦;
People are yearning to measure the full distance of their potential on behalf of the causes that they care about deeply. 在自己深深关心的问题上, 人们总是会投入 自己所有力所能及的所有资源。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; on behalf of:代表;为了;
But they have to be asked. 但是你要提出要求。
We got that many people to participate by buying full-page ads in The New York Times, in The Boston Globe, in primetime radio and TV advertising. 我们通过在《纽约时报》、《波士顿全球》上打广告, 通过在电台和电视台的黄金时段打广告 吸引到了如此多的朋友。
full-page:adj.全页的;满版的; Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市); primetime:黄金时间;
Do you know how many people we would have gotten if we put up flyers in the laundromat ? 如果我们只是在洗衣店附近发发传单, 你觉得还会有这么多人参与么？
flyers:n.飞行员;飞机乘客;地面操纵飞行器的人;(flyer的复数) laundromat:n.(美)自助洗衣店;
Charitable giving has remained stuck, in the U.S., at two percent of GDP ever since we started measuring it in the 1970s. 美国的慈善捐赠数额一直固定在GDP的2%附近, 从我们开始统计的1970年代开始便是如此。
Charitable:adj.慈善事业的;慷慨的,仁慈的;宽恕的;
That's an important fact, because it tells us that in 40 years, the nonprofit sector has not been able to wrestle any market share away from the for-profit sector. 这是一个很重要的事实, 这告诉我们在过去40年中, 非营利部门没能从营利性部门那里 抢到任何市场份额。
wrestle:n.摔跤;搏斗;斗争;v.摔跤;斗争;斟酌; market share:n.[商]市场份额;市场占有率;
And if you think about it, how could one sector possibly take market share away from another sector if it isn't really allowed to market? 但是你反过来想想 一个不允许进行市场营销的非营利部门怎么可能 从营利性部门抢夺到市场？
And if we tell the consumer brands , "You may advertise all the benefits of your product," 如果我们对消费品牌的态度是, “你可以把产品的所有优点都广告出来”,
consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; brands:n.品牌;烙印(brand的复数);v.加商标于;铭刻于(brand的第三人称单数); advertise:v.做广告;登广告;(在报纸、公共场所公告牌、互联网等上)公布;展现;
but we tell charities, "You cannot advertise all the good that you do," 但是我们告诉慈善组织,“你不能为你所做的任何好事打广告,”
where do we think the consumer dollars are going to flow? 你觉得消费者的钱会流向哪里？
The third area of discrimination is the taking of risk in pursuit of new ideas for generating revenue . 第三个歧视的地方是通过新方式 募集资金的风险问题。
in pursuit of:寻求,追求; generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词) revenue:n.收益;营业额;税务署;
So Disney can make a new $200 million movie that flops , and nobody calls the attorney general . 迪斯尼能够砸2亿美元拍电影,打了水漂的话 也不会有人打电话给司法部长。
Disney:n.迪斯尼(美国动画影片制作家及制片人); flops:abbr.每秒浮点计算(floating-pointoperationspersecond); attorney general:n.司法部长;总检察长;首席检察官;
But you do a little $1 million community fundraiser for the poor, and it doesn't produce a 75 percent profit to the cause in the first 12 months, and your character is called into question. 但是如果你是一个救济组织的筹款人, 筹集了不到一百万美元,而你在头12个月中 没有将善款的75%发到救济人手中, 你的人品就会受到质疑。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; fundraiser:n.资金筹集人;资金筹集活动;
So nonprofits are really reluctant to attempt any brave, daring, giant-scale new fundraising endeavors for fear that if the thing fails, their reputations will be dragged through the mud. 所以非营利组织非常不情愿尝试任何冒险的、 大规模的筹款行动, 他们担心一旦失败了, 他们的声誉也会随之一败涂地。
reluctant:adj.不情愿的;勉强的;顽抗的; attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; fundraising:n.筹款;募捐; endeavors:尽力;
Well, you and I know when you prohibit failure, you kill innovation. 我们都知道,不允许失败 等于扼杀创新。
prohibit:v.阻止;(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能;
If you kill innovation in fundraising, you can't raise more revenue. 如果你扼杀了筹款创新,你就没有办法获得更多的收入。
If you can't raise more revenue, you can't grow. 如果你不能获得更多收入,你的组织就无法壮大。
And if you can't grow, you can't possibly solve large social problems. 如果你的组织无法壮大,你就无法解决社会面临的那些大问题。
The fourth area is time. 第四个歧视的地方就是时间。
So Amazon went for six years without returning any profit to investors, and people had patience . 亚马逊可以在六年时间中不给股东分红, 而股东们都有这个耐心。
Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; patience:n.耐性,耐心;忍耐,容忍;
They knew that there was a long-term objective down the line of building market dominance . 他们知道亚马逊目标很大, 它要花时间占领市场。
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; objective:n.目标; adj.客观的; dominance:n.优势;统治;支配;
But if a nonprofit organization ever had a dream of building magnificent scale that required that for six years, no money was going to go to the needy, 但是如果一个非营利组织 想要筹划一个时间长达六年的筹款活动, 在此期间募集的钱没有分给受捐赠人,
magnificent:adj.高尚的;壮丽的;华丽的;宏伟的;
it was all going to be invested in building this scale, we would expect a crucifixion . 而是用来扩大筹款规模, 他们肯定会被钉死在十字架上。
crucifixion:n.刑罚;苦难;
And the last area is profit itself. 最后一个领域就是利润本身。
So the for-profit sector can pay people profits in order to attract their capital for their new ideas, but you can't pay profits in a nonprofit sector, 营利性部门可以通过向股东分红来吸引投资者, 支持实现自己的新想法, 但是在非营利部门你不能分红,
so the for-profit sector has a lock on the multi-trillion-dollar capital markets, and the nonprofit sector is starved for growth and risk and idea capital. 所以营利性部门独占了规模庞大的资本市场, 而非营利部门就只能艰难中求生存, 渴望资本的投入。
Well, you put those five things together -- you can't use money to lure talent away from the for-profit sector, you can't advertise on anywhere near the scale the for-profit sector does for new customers, 现在我们把这5件事情结合起来看: 你无法花钱从营利性部门那里引入人才, 你不能像营利性部门那样 打广告吸引新的消费者,
lure:n.诱惑;饵;诱惑物;v诱惑;引诱;
you can't take the kinds of risks in pursuit of those customers that the for-profit sector takes, you don't have the same amount of time to find them as the for-profit sector, 你不能像营利性部门那样 承担亏损的风险去吸引客户, 你不能像营利性部门那样花很长的时间 来吸引捐赠者,
and you don't have a stock market with which to fund any of this, even if you could do it in the first place , and you've just put the nonprofit sector at an extreme disadvantage to the for-profit sector on every level. 最后你没有办法上市融资—— 即使你在组织刚建立的时候可以拉投资。 这些都让非营利性部门相比营利性部门 在任何方面都处在了 不利的位置。
stock market:股票市场;证券市场;股票交易; in the first place:首先;起初; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物;
If we have any doubts about the effects of this separate rule book , this statistic is sobering : 如果我们对这两套游戏规则带来的问题持怀疑态度, 下面的统计数字会让你震惊:
rule book:n.规则(或规章)手册; statistic:n.统计学;统计数字;统计资料;(一项)统计数据;adj.统计(上)的; sobering:adj.令人警醒的;使人冷静的;v.(使)变得持重,变得冷静;(sober的现在分词)
From 1970 to 2009, the number of nonprofits that really grew, that crossed the $50 million annual revenue barrier , is 144. 从1970年到2009年, 规模壮大的非营利组织数量, 超过5千万美元门槛的, 只有144家。
annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
In the same time, the number of for-profits that crossed it is 46,136. 与此同时,营利性机构的数量 是46136家。
for-profits:以盈利为目的的;
So we're dealing with social problems that are massive in scale, and our organizations can't generate any scale. 现状是我们需要处理的社会问题规模非常庞大, 而我们的组织却没有办法壮大到那样的规模。
generate:v.产生;引起;
All of the scale goes to Coca-Cola and Burger King. 只有像可口可乐公司或汉堡王连锁可以达到那样的规模。
Coca-Cola:n.可口可乐(美国饮料公司);
So why do we think this way? 那么我们的这些观念是怎么来的？
Well, like most fanatical dogma in America, these ideas come from old Puritan beliefs. 跟美国的许多狂热信条一样, 这些观念都来自于以前的清教徒。
fanatical:adj.狂热的; dogma:n.教条,教理;武断的意见; Puritan:adj.清教徒的;n.清教徒;
The Puritans came here for religious reasons, or so they said, but they also came here because they wanted to make a lot of money. 清教徒由于宗教原因来到美洲,他们这么说的, 但是他们来这里也是为了赚钱。
Puritans:n.清教徒(Puritan的复数); religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑;
They were pious people but they were also really aggressive capitalists , and they were accused of extreme forms of profit-making tendencies compared to the other colonists . 他们是虔诚的人,但是也赚起钱来 也非常的不择手段, 而相比其他的殖民者他们的赚钱方式更加激进, 也因此受到了很多谴责。
pious:adj.虔诚的;敬神的;可嘉的;尽责的; aggressive:adj.侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的; capitalists:n.资本家(capitalist的复数); accused:v.控告;控诉;谴责;(accuse的过去分词和过去式) profit-making:adj.营利的;有利可图的;n.营利;赚钱; tendencies:趋势; compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) colonists:n.殖民者(colonist的复数);殖民地居民;
But at the same time , the Puritans were Calvinists, so they were taught literally to hate themselves. 但是与此同时,这些清教徒也信奉加尔文教派, 这个教派的观念让他们也厌恶自己。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
They were taught that self-interest was a raging sea that was a sure path to eternal damnation . 他们被告知自私自利只会让自己 堕入地域,永不得救。
self-interest:n.私利;利己主义; raging:adj.愤怒的,狂暴的;v.发怒,恼火(rage的现在分词); eternal:adj.永恒的;不朽的; damnation:n.诅咒;非难;被罚下地狱;int.糟了;该死;
Well, this created a real problem for these people, right? 这给这些人出了一个大难题,对吧？
Here they've come all the way across the Atlantic to make all this money. 他们漂过大西洋来到这里就是为了赚钱,
Atlantic:adj.大西洋的;巨人阿特拉斯的;n.大西洋;
Making all this money will get you sent directly to Hell. 赚钱让你坐上下地狱的直通车。
What were they to do about this? 他们该怎么办？
Well, charity became their answer. 慈善事业成了答案。
It became this economic sanctuary where they could do penance for their profit-making tendencies at five cents on the dollar. 他们每追逐到1美元的利润, 就捐出5美分作为救赎的手段,慈善成了一个 经济实惠的避难所。
sanctuary:n.避难所;至圣所;耶路撒冷的神殿; penance:vt.使…以苦行赎罪;n.苦修;忏悔;
So of course, how could you make money in charity if charity was your penance for making money? 理所当然的,用来化解赚钱带来的罪恶的组织, 怎么能又自己跑去赚钱呢？
Financial incentive was exiled from the realm of helping others so that it could thrive in the area of making money for yourself, and in 400 years, nothing has intervened to say, "That's counterproductive and that's unfair." 经济刺激被排除在慈善助人事业之外, 这样他们就可以放心大胆的去赚钱了。 400年来,没有人质疑这一点, 站出来说,“这不公平,也不科学。”
Financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的; exiled:v.流放;放逐;(exile的过去分词和过去式) realm:n.领域,范围;王国; thrive:v.繁荣;茁壮成长;蓬勃发展;兴旺发达; intervened:干涉;介入(intervene的过去式和过去分词); counterproductive:adj.反生产的;使达不到预期目标的;
Now this ideology gets policed by this one very dangerous question, which is, "What percentage of my donation goes to the cause versus overhead ?" 这种观念引出来一个很危险的问题, 就是:“我的善款有多大比例给了受捐赠人,多大比例成了管理费？”
ideology:n.意识形态;思想意识;观念学; percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; overhead:n.开销;经常费用;经常开支;adj.头上方的;地面以上的;adv.在头上方;在空中
There are a lot of problems with this question. 这带来了很多问题。
I'm going to just focus on two. 我就挑其中两个说。
First, it makes us think that overhead is a negative , that it is somehow not part of the cause. 第一,这让我们觉得管理费是很不好的东西, 对受捐赠人没有任何好处。
negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
But it absolutely is, especially if it's being used for growth. 恰恰相反,尤其是这些费用被用来扩大筹款规模时。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
Now, this idea that overhead is somehow an enemy of the cause creates this second, much larger problem, which is, it forces organizations to go without the overhead things they really need to grow in the interest of keeping overhead low. 而“管理费是慈善事业的敌人” 这种观念 引发了第二个,也是更大的问题, 就是这种观念迫使非营利组织放弃自己 真正应该处理的大问题, 而把精力放在控制管理费上。
in the interest of:adv.为了;为了...的利益;
So we've all been taught that charities should spend as little as possible on overhead things like fundraising under the theory that, well, the less money you spend on fundraising, the more money there is available for the cause. 我们都被灌输了这样的观念, 慈善团体的筹款等管理费用应该尽可能的低, 因为管理费比例越少, 受捐赠人能够拿到的钱就越多。
Well, that's true if it's a depressing world in which this pie cannot be made any bigger. 这种结论的前提是无论你怎么筹款, 这个冷漠的世界也不会给你更多的钱。
depressing:adj.令人抑郁的; v.使沮丧; (depress的现在分词)
But if it's a logical world in which investment in fundraising actually raises more funds and makes the pie bigger, then we have it precisely backwards, and we should be investing more money, not less, 但是如果在现实世界中筹款活动 能够增加善款收入并且将规模扩大, 那么控制管理费这个观念就不合时宜, 而我们应该更多,
logical:adj.合逻辑的,合理的;逻辑学的; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金; investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词)
in fundraising, because fundraising is the one thing that has the potential to multiply the amount of money available for the cause that we care about so deeply. 而不是更少的投钱到筹款活动中, 因为更大规模的筹款活动有可能筹到很多倍的善款, 可以帮助更多我们想要帮助的人。
multiply:vt.乘; vi.乘; v.多样地; adj.多层的;
I'll give you two examples. We launched the AIDSRides with an initial investment of 50,000 dollars in risk capital. 我讲两个例子。我们从风投那里 拿到了5万美元作为“AIDS骑行”的启动资金。
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于;
Within nine years, we had multiplied that 1,982 times into 108 million dollars after all expenses for AIDS services. 9年之后我们将这笔钱翻了1982倍,达到了1.08亿美元, 这是扣除了所有AIDS服务之后的盈余。
multiplied:v.乘;乘以;成倍增加;(使)繁殖,增殖;(multiply的过去分词和过去式) expenses:n.费用;价钱;开销;开支;花费;(expense的复数)
We launched the breast cancer three-days with an initial investment of 350,000 dollars in risk capital. 我们从风投那里拿到了35万美元 作为“关爱乳腺癌三日行走”活动的启动资金。
Within just five years, we had multiplied that 554 times into 194 million dollars after all expenses for breast cancer research. 不到5年时间我们就将善款翻了554倍, 扣除了乳腺癌研究费用之后 还剩下1.94亿美元。
Now, if you were a philanthropist really interested in breast cancer, what would make more sense: go out and find the most innovative researcher in the world and give her 350,000 dollars for research, 如果你是一个慈善家,想要资助乳腺癌研究, 你觉得哪个更有意义: 找到一个世界上最有创造力的研究人员, 给她35万美元用于研究,
or give her fundraising department the 350,000 dollars to multiply it into 194 million dollars for breast cancer research? 还是给筹款部门35万美元 让他们把乳腺癌研究的资金规模扩大到1.94亿？
2002 was our most successful year ever. 2002年是我们最成功的一年,
We netted for breast cancer alone, that year alone, 71 million dollars after all expenses. 仅在乳腺癌项目一项上,扣除所有开支, 我们得到了7100万美元的盈余。
And then we went out of business , suddenly and traumatically. 然后我们就被解散了, 以非常突然和不愉快的方式。
out of business:破产;歇业;停业;倒闭;
Why? Well, the short story is, our sponsor split on us. 为什么？简单的说,我们的赞助人背叛了我们。
short story:短篇小说(指一万字以内的小说); sponsor:n.赞助商; v.主办; split:v.分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解;n.劈开;裂缝;adj.劈开的;
They wanted to distance themselves from us because we were being crucified in the media for investing 40 percent of the gross in recruitment and customer service and the magic of the experience and there is no accounting terminology to describe 他们希望和我们保持距离, 因为我们被媒体报道妖魔化了, 因为我们将总收入的40%投入到 人员培训、客户服务、提高用户体验上, 而这些为了组织自身发展和筹款规模扩大的投资
crucified:v.被钉十字架;被钉死十字架(crucify的过去分词形式);迫害; gross:adj.总共的;粗野的;恶劣的;显而易见的;v.总共收入;n.总额,总数; recruitment:n.补充;征募新兵; terminology:n.术语,术语学;用辞; describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
that kind of investment in growth and in the future, other than this demonic label of overhead. 并没有办法在我们的财报中体现, 只能用被妖魔化的词“管理费”笼统概括。
demonic:adj.有魔力的,恶魔的; label:n.标签;标记;谓;唱片公司;v.贴标签于;用标签标明;
So on one day, all 350 of our great employees lost their jobs because they were labeled overhead. 于是有一天,所有350名雇员, 都被裁掉了, 因为他们都被打上了“额外开支”的标签。
labeled:adj.有标签的; v.示踪; (label的过去分词和过去式)
Our sponsor went and tried the events on their own. 我们的赞助人用自己的方式管理。
The overhead went up. 他们的管理费用更高,
Net income for breast cancer research went down by 84 percent, or 60 million dollars in one year. 乳腺癌研究基金的收入缩减了84%, 年收入只剩下了600万美元。
This is what happens when we confuse morality with frugality . 发生这样的事情,是因为我们搞混了 “道德”和“节俭”这两个概念。
confuse:v.混同;使迷惑;使糊涂;使更难于理解; morality:n.道德;品行,美德; frugality:n.俭省,节俭;
We've all been taught that the bake sale with five percent overhead is morally superior to the professional fundraising enterprise with 40 percent overhead, 我们都被灌输了这样的观念,管理费只有5%的爱心面包义卖 要比专业的筹款企业更加高尚,因为后者的管理费高达40%,
bake sale:n.烤饼义卖(为学校或慈善事业等募集资金); morally:adv.道德上;有道德地;确实地; superior:n.上级;上司;adj.(在品质上)更好的;占优势的;更胜一筹的; professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员;
but we're missing the most important piece of information, which is, what is the actual size of these pies? 但是我们忽略了最重要的信息,就是, 这张大饼（善款的规模）到底有多大？
Who cares if the bake sale only has five percent overhead if it's tiny? 如果这张大饼很小,谁会在意它的管理费只有5%？
What if the bake sale only netted 71 dollars for charity because it made no investment in its scale and the professional fundraising enterprise netted 71 million dollars because it did? 如果爱心面包义卖只能够筹集71美元, 而专业筹款企业筹集了7100万美元, 差别就在于前者没有任何投资用于扩大规模 而后者做到了？
What if:如果…怎么办?
Now which pie would we prefer , and which pie do we think people who are hungry would prefer? 让你选你会选哪张大饼, 饥饿的受捐赠人去选他们会选择哪张？
prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升;
Here's how all of this impacts the big picture. 这些加起来对总体的影响就是这样的。
impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
I said that charitable giving is two percent of GDP in the United States. 我说过慈善捐赠只占美国GDP的2%。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
That's about 300 billion dollars a year. 也就是3000亿美元一年。
But only about 20 percent of that, or 60 billion dollars, goes to health and human services causes. 但是其中只有20%,也就是600亿美元, 被用于医疗和人道救助服务。
The rest goes to religion and higher education and hospitals and that 60 billion dollars is not nearly enough to tackle these problems. 别的钱被用在宗教、高等教育、医院等地方。 而600亿美元根本不足以 处理这些问题。
higher education:高等教育(指含大学以上的教育); tackle:v.处理; n.用具;
But if we could move charitable giving from two percent of GDP up just one step to three percent of GDP, by investing in that growth, that would be an extra 150 billion dollars a year in contributions , and if that money could go disproportionately to health and human services charities, 但是如果我们能够通过筹款投资, 将我们的慈善捐赠比例从GDP的2%, 就提高一点,从2%提高到3%, 那就多出来1500亿美元用于慈善。 而如果这些钱更多的流向 医疗和人道援助服务项目,
extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外: contributions:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;(contribution的复数) disproportionately:adv.不成比例地;
because those were the ones we encouraged to invest in their growth, that would represent a tripling of contributions to that sector. 这些都是我们鼓励进行筹款投资的组织, 这将使这些部门的收入翻3倍。
represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送; tripling:v.成为三倍;使增至三倍;(triple的现在分词)
Now we're talking scale. 这是我们想要的规模,
Now we're talking the potential for real change. 这是我们想要的真正的变革。
But it's never going to happen by forcing these organizations to lower their horizons to the demoralizing objective of keeping their overhead low. 但是如果我们继续要求非营利组织 控制他们的管理费比例, 限制他们的视野,这一切都不可能发生。
horizons:n.地平线;范围,眼界;(horizon的复数) demoralizing:adj.令人士气低落的; v.使泄气; (demoralize的现在分词)
Our generation does not want its epitaph to read, "We kept charity overhead low." 我们这一代人没有人希望自己的墓碑上刻着 “我们把慈善管理费控制的很低。”
epitaph:n.碑文,墓志铭;
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑声）（掌声）
We want it to read that we changed the world, and that part of the way we did that was by changing the way we think about these things. 我们希望上面写着我们改变了世界, 而改变世界的途径之一就是 我们改变了我们对这些事情的思考方式。
So the next time you're looking at a charity, don't ask about the rate of their overhead. 所以下一次你遇到一个慈善组织, 不要问他们的管理费比例。
Ask about the scale of their dreams, their Apple-, Google-, Amazon-scale dreams, how they measure their progress toward those dreams, and what resources they need to make them come true regardless of what the overhead is. 问他们有多大的梦想, 像苹果、谷歌、亚马逊那么大的梦想, 他们如何衡量他们与梦想的接近程度, 为了这个梦想他们需要什么帮助, 不要问管理费比例。
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); regardless:adj.不管的; v.不顾后果地;
Who cares what the overhead is if these problems are actually getting solved? 如果真能够解决问题,谁还会去关心管理费比例？
If we can have that kind of generosity , a generosity of thought, then the non-profit sector can play a massive role in changing the world for all those citizens most desperately in need of it to change. 如果我们能够有这样的一种宽容, 一种思想上的慷慨,那么我们的非营利部门就有可能 在扮演很重要的角色来改变世界, 帮助所有那些最需要帮助的人去改变。
generosity:n.慷慨,大方;宽宏大量; non-profit:adj.非营利的; desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地;
And if that can be our generation's enduring legacy , that we took responsibility for the thinking that had been handed down to us, that we revisited it, we revised it, 而这种改变可能是我们这一代最宝贵的遗产之一, 我们有义务 去思考已经传递给我们的这一切, 我们重新审视它,修订完善它,
enduring:adj.持久的;耐久的;v.忍耐;忍受;持续;持久;(endure的现在分词) legacy:n.遗赠,遗产; revisited:vt.重游;再访;重临;n.再访问; revised:v.改变;修改;复习;温习;(revise的过去分词和过去式)
and we reinvented the whole way humanity thinks about changing things, forever, for everyone, well, I thought I would let the kids sum up what that would be. 最终重新定义人类思考慈善事业的方式, 永远的,并且不漏掉任何人。 最后我想让我的孩子们做个总结。
reinvented:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;(reinvent的过去分词和过去式)
Annalisa Smith-Pallotta: That would be -- Annalisa Smith-Pallotta: 那将是——
Sage Smith-Pallotta: -- a real social -- Sage Smith-Pallotta: 真正的
Rider Smith-Pallotta: -- innovation. Rider Smith-Pallotta: 社会创新。
Dan Pallotta: Thank you very much. Thank you. Dan Pallotta: 非常感谢,谢谢大家。
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢。（掌声）