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DanDennett_2006-_回应华里克_
It's wonderful to be back. [00:14]
I love this wonderful gathering. [00:16]
And you must be wondering, "What on earth? [00:19]
Have they put up the wrong slide?" [00:21]
No, no. [00:23]
Look at this magnificent beast, and ask the question: Who designed it? [00:25]
magnificent:adj.高尚的;壮丽的;华丽的;宏伟的;
This is TED; this is Technology , Entertainment, Design, and there's a dairy cow. [00:35]
Technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; dairy:n.奶制品; adj.乳品的;
It's a quite wonderfully designed animal. [00:40]
wonderfully:adv.精彩地;惊人地;极好地;
And I was thinking, how do I introduce this? [00:45]
And I thought, well, maybe that old doggerel by Joyce Kilmer, you know: "Poems are made by fools like me, but only God can make a tree." [00:47]
doggerel:n.打油诗;adj.打油诗的;
And you might say, "Well, God designed the cow." [00:57]
But, of course, God got a lot of help. [00:59]
This is the ancestor of cattle. [01:03]
This is the aurochs. [01:05]
And it was designed by natural selection , the process of natural selection , over many millions of years. [01:08]
natural selection:n.自然选择;物竞天择; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
And then it became domesticated , thousands of years ago. [01:14]
domesticated:adj.家养的; v.驯养; (domesticate的过去分词和过去式)
And human beings became its stewards , and, without even knowing what they were doing, they gradually redesigned it and redesigned it and redesigned it. [01:19]
stewards:n.干事; v.管理; gradually:adv.渐渐地;逐步地; redesigned:adj.重新设计的;修订的;v.重新设计;重新制订(redesign的过去式);
And then more recently , they really began to do reverse engineering on this beast and figure out just what the parts were, how they worked and how they might be optimized -- how they might be made better. [01:30]
recently:adv.最近;新近; reverse engineering:逆向工程; optimized:adj.最佳化的;尽量充分利用;
Now, why am I talking about cows? [01:44]
Because I want to say that much the same thing is true of religions. [01:48]
Religions are natural phenomena -- they're just as natural as cows. [01:53]
phenomena:n.现象(phenomenon的复数);
They have evolved over millennia . [01:58]
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) millennia:n.千年期(millennium的复数);一千年;千年庆典;太平盛世;
They have a biological base, just like the aurochs. [02:03]
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品;
They have become domesticated, and human beings have been redesigning their religions for thousands of years. [02:07]
redesigning:v.重构;重设计(redesign的现在分词);
This is TED, and I want to talk about design. [02:16]
Because what I've been doing for the last four years -- really since the first time you saw me -- some of you saw me at TED when I was talking about religion -- and in the last four years, [02:20]
I've been working just about non-stop on this topic. [02:29]
non-stop:adj.直达的;中途不停的;adv.不停地;
And you might say it's about the reverse engineering of religions. [02:32]
Now that very idea, I think, strikes terror in many people, or anger, or anxiety of one sort or another. [02:38]
anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事;
And that is the spell that I want to break. [02:49]
I want to say, no, religions are an important natural phenomenon . [02:52]
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
We should study them with the same intensity that we study all the other important natural phenomena, like global warming , as we heard so eloquently last night from Al Gore. [02:55]
intensity:n.强度;强烈;[电子]亮度;紧张; global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖; eloquently:adv.善辩地;富于表现力地;
Today's religions are brilliantly designed -- brilliantly designed. [03:07]
brilliantly:adv.灿烂地;辉煌地;光亮地;
They are immensely powerful social institutions and many of their features can be traced back to earlier features that we can really make sense of by reverse engineering. [03:11]
immensely:adv.极大地;无限地;广大地;庞大地; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) traced:v.发现;追踪;追究;描绘;记述;(trace的过去分词和过去式) make sense of:搞清…的意思;
And, as with the cow, there's a mixture of evolutionary design -- designed by natural selection itself -- and intelligent design -- more or less intelligent design -- and redesigned by human beings who are trying to redesign their religions. [03:26]
mixture:n.混合;结合体;混合物;集合体; evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的; intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 more or less:或多或少;
You don't do book talks at TED, but I'm going to have just one slide about my book, because there is one message in it which I think this group really needs to hear. [03:44]
And I would be very interested to get your responses to this. [03:57]
responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数)
It's the one policy proposal that I make in the book, at this time, when I claim not to know enough about religion to know what other policy proposals to make. [04:02]
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得; proposals:n.建议书(Proposal的复数);求婚;
And it's one that echoes remarks that you've heard already today. [04:12]
echoes:n.回声; v.发出回声; remarks:n.评论(remark的复数);摘要;附注;
Here's my proposal, [04:17]
I'm going to just take a couple of minutes to explain it: [04:18]
Education on world religions for all of our children -- in primary school , in high school, in public schools, in private schools and in home schooling. [04:21]
primary school:小学; in private:私下地;秘密地;
So what I'm proposing is, just as we require reading, writing, arithmetic , American history, so we should have a curriculum on facts about all the religions of the world -- [04:33]
proposing:v.提议;建议;打算;计划;求婚;(propose的现在分词) arithmetic:n.算术,算法; curriculum:n.课程;总课程;
about their history, about their creeds , about their texts, their music, their symbolisms, their prohibitions , their requirements. [04:48]
creeds:n.信条,教义(creed的复数形式); prohibitions:n.禁止;禁例(prohibition的复数);
And this should be presented factually , straightforwardly , with no particular spin , to all of the children in the country. [04:58]
factually:adv.真实地;确实地; straightforwardly:adv.直截了当地;正直地; spin:v.旋转;纺纱;吐丝;纺线;n.头晕;(快速)旋转;常用于英式英语;晕头转向;
And as long as you teach them that, you can teach them anything else you like. [05:10]
as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
That, I think, is maximal tolerance for religious freedom. [05:16]
maximal:adj.最高的,最大的;最全面的; tolerance:n.公差;耐量;宽容;容忍; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑;
As long as you inform your children about other religions, then you may -- and as early as you like and whatever you like -- teach them whatever creed you want them to learn. [05:21]
inform:v.通知;告诉;报告;告发;告密;
But also let them know about other religions. [05:32]
Now, why do I say that? [05:35]
Because democracy depends on an informed citizenship . [05:39]
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式) citizenship:n.[法]公民身份,公民资格;国籍;公民权;
Informed consent is the very bedrock of our understanding of democracy. [05:46]
bedrock:n.[地质]基岩;根底;基本原理;
Misinformed consent is not worth it. [05:53]
Misinformed:v.误报;误传;(misinform的过去分词和过去式)
It's like a coin flip; it doesn't count, really. [05:57]
Democracy depends on informed consent. [06:00]
This is the way we treat people as responsible adults. [06:03]
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的;
Now, children below the age of consent are a special case. [06:08]
age of consent:n.同意年龄;
Parents -- I'm going to use a word that Pastor Rick just used -- parents are stewards of their children. [06:17]
Pastor:n.(尤指非英国国教的)牧师;
They don't own them. [06:26]
You can't own your children. [06:28]
You have a responsibility to the world, to the state, to them, to take care of them right. [06:30]
You may teach them whatever creed you think is most important, but I say you have a responsibility to let them be informed about all the other creeds in the world, too. [06:39]
The reason I've taken this time is I've been fascinated to hear some of the reactions to this. [06:54]
reactions:n.反应;回应;抗拒;生理反应;副作用(reaction的复数)
One reviewer for a Roman Catholic newspaper called it " totalitarian ." [07:01]
reviewer:n.评论者,评论家; Roman Catholic:n.天主教徒; totalitarian:adj.极权主义的;n.极权主义者;
It strikes me as practically libertarian . [07:08]
practically:adv.实际地;几乎;事实上; libertarian:adj.自由的;自由论者的;持自由论的;n.自由意志主义者;行动自由论者;
Is it totalitarian to require reading, writing and arithmetic? [07:13]
I don't think so. [07:16]
All I'm saying is -- and facts, facts only; no values, just facts -- about all the world's religions. [07:17]
Another reviewer called it " hilarious ." [07:28]
hilarious:adj.欢闹的;非常滑稽的;喜不自禁的;
Well, I'm really bothered by the fact that anybody would think that was hilarious. [07:31]
bothered:adj.烦(恼)的; v.使(某人)烦恼;
It seems to me to be such a plausible , natural extension of the democratic principles we already have that I'm shocked to think anybody would find that just ridiculous . [07:38]
plausible:adj.貌似可信的,花言巧语的;貌似真实的,貌似有理的; extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的;
I know many religions are so anxious about preserving the purity of their faith among their children that they are intent on keeping their children ignorant of other faiths. [07:52]
preserving:n.保留,保存; purity:n.[化学]纯度;纯洁;纯净;纯粹; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰; intent on:专心致志于;抱定决心要实行; ignorant:adj.无知的;愚昧的;
I don't think that's defensible . [08:09]
defensible:adj.可防御的;可辩护的;可拥护的;
But I'd really be pleased to get your answers on that -- any reactions to that -- later. [08:12]
But now I'm going to move on. [08:16]
Back to the cow. [08:18]
This picture, which I pulled off the web -- the fellow on the left is really an important part of this picture. [08:20]
That's the steward. [08:26]
Cows couldn't live without human stewards -- they're domesticated. [08:28]
They're a sort of ectosymbiont. [08:33]
They depend on us for their survival . [08:37]
survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
And Pastor Rick was just talking about sheep. [08:42]
I'm going to talk about sheep, too. [08:45]
There's a lot of serendipitous convergence here. [08:47]
serendipitous:adj.偶然发现的; convergence:n.[数]收敛;会聚,集合;
How clever it was of sheep to acquire shepherds ! [08:51]
acquire:v.获得;取得;学到;捕获; shepherds:n.牧羊人; v.带领(shepherd的三单形式);
(Laughter) [08:54]
Think of what this got them. [08:57]
They could outsource all their problems: protection from predators , food-finding ... [08:59]
outsource:vt.把…外包;vi.外包; predators:n.捕食性动物;实行弱肉强食的人(或机构);掠夺者;(predator的复数)
(Laughter) [09:04]
... health maintenance . [09:05]
maintenance:n.维护,维修;保持;生活费用;
(Laughter) [09:07]
The only cost in most flocks -- not even this -- a loss of free mating . [09:09]
flocks:n.短纤维,废毛铁;絮凝物,絮状沉淀; mating:n.交尾;交配;v.交配;交尾;使交配;(mate的现在分词)
What a deal! [09:16]
'"How clever of sheep!" you might say. [09:18]
Except, of course, it wasn't the sheep's cleverness . [09:20]
cleverness:n.聪明;机灵;
We all know sheep are not exactly rocket scientists -- they're not very smart. [09:23]
It wasn't the cleverness of the sheep at all. [09:28]
They were clueless . [09:30]
clueless:adj.无线索的;愚蠢的;
But it was a very clever move. [09:33]
Whose clever move was it? [09:35]
It was the clever move of natural selection itself. [09:36]
Francis Crick, the co-discoverer of the structure of DNA with Jim Watson, once joked about what he called Orgel's Second Rule. [09:40]
structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
Leslie Orgel is a molecular biologist , brilliant guy, and Orgel's Second Rule is: [09:51]
molecular:adj.[化学]分子的;由分子组成的; biologist:n.生物学家;
Evolution is cleverer than you are. [09:58]
Now, that is not Intelligent Design -- not from Francis Crick. [10:01]
Evolution is cleverer than you are. [10:08]
If you understand Orgel's Second Rule, then you understand why the Intelligent Design movement is basically a hoax. [10:10]
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
The designs discovered by the process of natural selection are brilliant, unbelievably brilliant. [10:20]
unbelievably:adv.难以置信地;不可信地;
Again and again biologists are fascinated with the brilliance of what's discovered. [10:27]
Again and again:adv.再三地,反复地; biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数); brilliance:n.光辉;才华;宏伟;
But the process itself is without purpose, without foresight , without design. [10:32]
foresight:n.先见,远见;预见;深谋远虑;
When I was here four years ago, [10:38]
I told the story about an ant climbing a blade of grass. [10:39]
blade:n.叶片;刀片,刀锋;剑;
And why the ant was doing it was because its brain had been infected with a lancet fluke that was needed to get into the belly of a sheep or a cow in order to reproduce . [10:42]
infected:adj.带菌的; v.传染; (infect的过去分词和过去式) lancet:n.[外科]小刀,柳叶刀;尖顶窗;小枪; fluke:n.侥幸;锚爪;意外的挫折;vt.侥幸成功;意外受挫;vi.侥幸成功; belly:n.腹部;胃;食欲;v.涨满;鼓起; reproduce:v.繁殖;复制;再现;生育;
So it was sort of a spooky story. [10:54]
spooky:adj.幽灵般的;有鬼般的;令人毛骨悚然的;
And I think some people may have misunderstood . [10:56]
misunderstood:adj.被误解的;v.误解,误会(misunderstand的过去式);
Lancet flukes aren't smart. [10:58]
flukes:n.吸虫(fluke的复数形式);锚爪;v.侥幸成功(fluke的第三人称单数);
I submit that the intelligence of a lancet fluke is down there, somewhere between petunia and carrot. [11:00]
submit:vt.使服从;主张;呈递;vi.提交;服从; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; petunia:n.矮牵牛花;
They're not really bright. They don't have to be. [11:07]
The lesson we learn from this is: you don't have to have a mind to be a beneficiary . [11:09]
beneficiary:n.[金融]受益人,受惠者;封臣;adj.拥有封地的;受圣俸的;
The design is there in nature, but it's not in anybody's head. [11:14]
It doesn't have to be. [11:19]
That's the way evolution works. [11:21]
Question: Was domestication good for sheep? [11:23]
domestication:n.驯养;教化;
It was great for their genetic fitness . [11:26]
genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; fitness:n.健康;适当;适合性;
And here I want to remind you of a wonderful point that Paul MacCready made at TED three years ago. [11:28]
remind:v.提醒;使想起;
Here's what he said: "Ten thousand years ago, at the dawn of agriculture, human population, plus livestock and pets, was approximately a tenth of one percent of the terrestrial vertebrate landmass ." [11:34]
dawn:n.黎明;开端;vt.破晓;出现;被领悟; livestock:n.家畜;牲畜; approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; terrestrial:adj.地球的;陆地的,[生物]陆生的;人间的;n.陆地生物;地球上的人; vertebrate:adj.脊椎动物的;有脊椎的;n.脊椎动物; landmass:n.大陆;
That was just 10,000 years ago. [11:47]
Yesterday, in biological terms. [11:50]
What is it today? Does anybody remember what he told us? [11:52]
98 percent. [11:56]
That is what we have done on this planet. [11:58]
Now, I talked to Paul afterwards -- I wanted to check to find out how he'd calculated this, and get the sources and so forth -- and he also gave me a paper that he had written on this. [12:01]
sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数)
And there was a passage in it which he did not present here and I think it is so good, I'm going to read it to you: "Over billions of years on a unique sphere , chance has painted a thin covering of life: complex , improbable , wonderful and fragile . [12:10]
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; sphere:n.球;领域;球体;球形;v.使成球形;包围;把…放在球内;使处于天体之间; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; improbable:adj.不大可能的,未必确实的;不可信的; fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的;
Suddenly, we humans -- a recently arrived species no longer subject to the checks and balances inherent in nature -- have grown in population, technology and intelligence to a position of terrible power. [12:25]
species:n.[生物]物种;种类; checks and balances:n.制约与平衡(为保持机构或政体内的公正并防止权力集中于小团体); inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的;
We now wield the paintbrush ." [12:36]
wield:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等); paintbrush:n.画笔;漆刷;
We heard about the atmosphere as a thin layer of varnish . [12:39]
atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次; varnish:n.亮光漆,清漆;虚饰;光泽面;vt.装饰,粉饰;在…上涂清漆;使…有光泽;
Life itself is just a thin coat of paint on this planet. [12:42]
And we're the ones that hold the paintbrush. [12:46]
And how can we do that? [12:49]
The key to our domination of the planet is culture. [12:51]
domination:n.控制;支配;
And the key to culture is religion. [12:55]
Suppose Martian scientists came to Earth. [12:58]
Suppose:v.推断:假定:假设:设想: Martian:adj.火星的;n.火星人;
They would be puzzled by many things. [13:01]
puzzled:adj.困惑的;茫然的;搞糊涂的;
Anybody know what this is? I'll tell you what it is. [13:05]
This is a million people gathering on the banks of the Ganges in 2001, perhaps the largest single gathering of human beings ever, as seen from satellite photograph. [13:09]
Here's a big crowd. [13:20]
Here's another crowd in Mecca . [13:21]
Mecca:n.麦加(沙特阿拉伯一座城市);众人渴望去的地方;
Martians would be amazed by this. [13:24]
Martians:n.火星人(Martian的复数形式);
They'd want to know how it originated , what it was for and how it perpetuates itself. [13:26]
originated:v.起源;发源;创立;创建;发明;(originate的过去式和过去分词) perpetuates:vt.使不朽;保持;adj.长存的;
Actually, I'm going to pass over this. [13:32]
The ant isn't alone. [13:35]
There's all sorts of wonderful cases of species which -- in that case -- [13:36]
A parasite gets into a mouse and needs to get into the belly of a cat. [13:43]
parasite:n.寄生虫;食客;
And it turns the mouse into Mighty Mouse, makes it fearless , so it runs out in the open , where it'll be eaten by a cat. [13:47]
Mighty:adj.强而有力的;巨大的;非凡的;adv.非常;很;极其; fearless:adj.无畏的;大胆的; in the open:在户外;在野外;
True story. [13:53]
In other words, we have these hijackers -- you've seen this slide before, from four years ago -- a parasite that infects the brain and induces even suicidal behavior, on behalf of a cause other than one's own genetic fitness. [13:54]
hijackers:n.劫持者(网络威胁的一种); infects:vt.感染,传染; induces:v.劝说;诱使;引起;引产;(induce的第三人称单数) suicidal:adj.自杀的,自杀性的;自我毁灭的;自取灭亡的; on behalf of:代表;为了;
Does that ever happen to us? [14:07]
Yes, it does -- quite wonderfully. [14:09]
The Arabic word "Islam" means " submission ." [14:14]
submission:n.投降;提交(物);服从;(向法官提出的)意见;谦恭;
It means " surrender of self-interest to the will of Allah ." [14:16]
surrender:v.投降;(被迫)放弃,交出;n.投降;屈服;屈从;放弃,交出 self-interest:n.私利;利己主义; Allah:n.真主;阿拉;
But I'm not just talking about Islam. [14:19]
I'm talking also about Christianity . [14:21]
Christianity:n.基督教;基督教精神,基督教教义;
This is a parchment music page that I found in a Paris bookstall 50 years ago. [14:23]
parchment:n.羊皮纸;羊皮纸文稿; bookstall:n.书摊;书亭;
And on it, it says, in Latin : " Semen est verbum Dei. Sator autem Christus." [14:28]
Latin:adj.拉丁语的;用拉丁语写成的;n.拉丁语; Semen:n.精液;精子; verbum:口述的;
The word of God is the seed and the sower of the seed is Christ. [14:34]
Same idea. Well, not quite. [14:38]
But in fact, Christians, too ... [14:40]
glory in the fact that they have surrendered to God. [14:45]
surrendered:v.投降;(被迫)放弃,交出(surrender的过去分词和过去式)
I'll give you a few quotes . [14:48]
quotes:n.引用,引号;报价(quote的复数);v.报价(quote的第三人称单数);引用;复述;
'"The heart of worship is surrender. [14:50]
worship:n.崇拜;崇敬;爱慕;阁下;v.崇拜(上帝或神);做礼拜;热爱;崇拜;
Surrendered people obey God's words, even if it doesn't make sense." [14:53]
obey:v.遵守;服从;顺从;
Those words are by Rick Warren . [14:58]
Warren:n.养兔场;大杂院;拥挤的地区;
Those are from "The Purpose Driven Life." [15:00]
And I want to turn now, briefly , to talk about that book, which I've read. [15:03]
briefly:adv.简要地;简短地;暂时地;
You've all got a copy, and you've just heard the man. [15:07]
And what I want to do now is say a bit about this book from the design standpoint , because I think it's actually a brilliant book. [15:11]
standpoint:n.立场;观点;
First of all , the goal -- and you heard just now what the goal is -- it's to bring purpose to the lives of millions, and he has succeeded. [15:20]
First of all:adv.首先;
Is it a good goal? In itself, I'm sure we all agree, it is a wonderful goal. [15:26]
He's absolutely right. [15:30]
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
There are lots of people out there who don't have purpose in their life, and bringing purpose to their life is a wonderful goal. [15:31]
I give him an A+ on this. [15:38]
(Laughter) [15:40]
Is the goal achieved? [15:42]
Yes. [15:45]
Thirty million copies of this book. [15:48]
Al Gore, eat your heart out. [15:52]
(Laughter) [15:54]
Just exactly what Al is trying to do, Rick is doing. [15:57]
This is a fantastic achievement. [16:01]
fantastic:奇异的,空想的
And the means -- how does he do it? [16:05]
It's a brilliant redesign of traditional religious themes -- updating them, quietly dropping obsolete features, putting new interpretations on other features. [16:09]
traditional:传统的,惯例的, updating:v.更新;向…提供最新信息;使现代化;(update的现在分词) obsolete:adj.废弃的;老式的;n.废词;陈腐的人;vt.淘汰;废弃; interpretations:n.[计]解释;
This is the evolution of religion that's been going on for thousands of years, and he's just the latest brilliant practitioner of it. [16:17]
practitioner:n.开业者,从业者,执业医生;
I don't have to tell you this; you just heard the man. [16:25]
Excellent insights into human psychology , wise advice on every page. [16:28]
insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数); psychology:n.心理学;心理状态;
Moreover , he invites us to look under the hood. [16:34]
Moreover:adv.而且;此外;
I really appreciated that. [16:37]
appreciated:v.欣赏;感激;理解;(appreciate的过去分词和过去式)
For instance , he has an appendix where he explains his choice of translations of different Bible verses . [16:38]
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; appendix:n.附录;阑尾;附加物; Bible:n.有权威的书; verses:诗;
The book is clear, vivid , accessible , beautifully formatted. [16:44]
vivid:adj.生动的;鲜明的;鲜艳的; accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的;
Just enough repetition . [16:51]
repetition:n.重复;重做;重说;重做的事;重说的话;
That's really important. [16:53]
Every time you read it or say it, you make another copy in your brain. [16:55]
Every time you read it or say it, you make another copy in your brain. [17:00]
(Laughter) [17:04]
With me, everybody -- [17:05]
(Audience and Dan Dennett) Every time you read it or say it, you make another copy in your brain. [17:06]
Thank you. [17:12]
And now we come to my problem. [17:13]
Because I'm absolutely sincere in my appreciation of all that I said about this book. [17:15]
sincere:adj.真诚的;诚挚的;真实的; appreciation:n.升值;欣赏;感谢;增值;
But I wish it were better. [17:21]
I have some problems with the book. [17:23]
And it would just be insincere of me not to address those problems. [17:25]
insincere:adj.不诚实的;虚假的;
I wish he could do this with a revision , a Mark 2 version of his book. [17:29]
revision:n.[印刷]修正;复习;修订本;
'"The truth will set you free." [17:37]
That's what it says in the Bible, and it's something that I want to live by, too. [17:39]
My problem is, some of the bits in it I don't think are true. [17:44]
Now some of this is a difference of opinion. [17:49]
And that's not my main complaint , that's worth mentioning. [17:54]
complaint:n.抱怨;投诉;控告;不满;
Here's a passage -- it's very much what he said, anyway: "If there was no God we would all be accidents, the result of astronomical random chance in the Universe. [17:57]
astronomical:adj.天文的,天文学的;极大的; random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地;
You could stop reading this book because life would have no purpose or meaning or significance . [18:05]
significance:n.意义;重要性;意思;
There would be no right or wrong and no hope beyond your brief years on Earth." [18:10]
Now, I just do not believe that. [18:14]
By the way , I find -- Homer Groening's film presented a beautiful alternative to that very claim. [18:16]
By the way:顺便说一下; Homer:n.荷马(公元前9世纪前后的希腊盲诗人);本垒打; alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
Yes, there is meaning and a reason for right or wrong. [18:24]
We don't need a belief in God to be good or to have meaning in us. [18:28]
But that, as I said , is just a difference of opinion. [18:34]
as I said:正如我所说的
That's not what I'm really worried about. [18:38]
How about this: "God designed this planet's environment just so we could live in it." [18:41]
I'm afraid that a lot of people take that sentiment to mean that we don't have to do the sorts of things that Al Gore is trying so hard to get us to do. [18:47]
sentiment:n.感情,情绪;情操;观点;多愁善感;
I am not happy with that sentiment at all. [18:56]
And then I find this: "All the evidence available in the biological sciences supports the core proposition that the cosmos is a specially designed whole [18:59]
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; proposition:n.提议;待处理的问题;任务;(美国)法律修正议案;见解;命题;v.向...提议; cosmos:n.宇宙;和谐;秩序;大波斯菊;
with life and mankind as its fundamental goal and purpose, a whole in which all facets of reality have their meaning and explanation in this central fact." [19:07]
mankind:n.人类;男性; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; facets:n.面状,[材]刻面;切面或瓣面(facet的复数形式);
Well, that's Michael Denton. He's a creationist . [19:15]
creationist:n.神造说鼓吹者;神灵论者;特创论者(即相信万物皆由上帝一次造成者);
And here, I think, "Wait a minute." I read this again. [19:18]
I read it three or four times and I think, "Is he really endorsing Intelligent Design? [19:22]
endorsing:v.(公开)赞同,支持,认可; (endorse的现在分词)
Is he endorsing creationism here?" [19:26]
And you can't tell. [19:28]
So I'm sort of thinking, "Well, I don't know, [19:29]
I don't know if I want to get upset with this yet." [19:32]
upset:adj.沮丧; v.打乱; n.苦恼; (意外的)混乱;
But then I read on, and I read this: "First, Noah had never seen rain, because prior to the Flood, God irrigated the earth from the ground up ." [19:34]
Noah:n.诺亚(圣经人物); prior:adj.先前的; n.(小隐修院)院长; v.居先; irrigated:[农工]灌溉的; from the ground up:从头开始;彻底;
I wish that sentence weren't in there, because I think it is false. [19:43]
And I think that thinking this way about the history of the planet, after we've just been hearing about the history of the planet over millions of years, discourages people from scientific understanding. [19:48]
discourages:vt.阻止;使气馁; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
Now, Rick Warren uses scientific terms and scientific factoids and information in a very interesting way. [20:01]
factoids:n.仿真陈述(仅因出现在出版物上而被信以为真);adj.虚构的;似是而非的;
Here's one: "God deliberately shaped and formed you to serve him in a way that makes your ministry unique. [20:12]
deliberately:adv.故意地;谨慎地;慎重地; ministry:n.(政府的)部门;
He carefully mixed the DNA cocktail that created you." [20:17]
cocktail:n.鸡尾酒;开味食品;n.混合物;adj.鸡尾酒的;
I think that's false. [20:24]
Now, maybe we want to treat it as metaphorical . [20:27]
metaphorical:adj.比喻性的,隐喻性的;
Here's another one: "For instance, your brain can store 100 trillion facts. [20:30]
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
Your mind can handle 15,000 decisions a second." [20:34]
handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸;
Well, it would be interesting to find the interpretation where I would accept that. [20:37]
There might be some way of treating that as true. [20:42]
treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词)
'" Anthropologists have noted that worship is a universal urge, hardwired by God into the very fiber of our being -- an inbuilt need to connect with God." [20:45]
Anthropologists:[人类]人类学家; universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; hardwired:adj.电路的; fiber:n.纤维;光纤(等于fibre); inbuilt:adj.内置的;内藏的;嵌入的;
Well, the sense of which I agree with him, except I think it has an evolutionary explanation. [20:55]
And what I find deeply troubling in this book is that he seems to be arguing that if you want to be moral , if you want to have meaning in your life, you have to be an Intelligent Designer, you have to deny the theory of evolution by natural selection. [20:59]
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; deny:v.否定,否认;拒绝给予;拒绝…的要求;
And I think, on the contrary , that it is very important to solving the world's problems that we take evolutionary biology seriously. [21:15]
on the contrary:正相反; biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
Whose truth are we going to listen to? [21:24]
Well, this is from "The Purpose Driven Life": "The Bible must become the authoritative standard for my life: the compass I rely on for direction, the counsel I listen to for making wise decisions, and the benchmark I use for evaluating everything." [21:27]
authoritative:adj.有权威的;命令式的;当局的; standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; compass:n.罗盘;指南针;圆规;范围;界限;v.理解;领悟;将…包围;成功办到 rely:vi.依靠;信赖; counsel:n.劝告,忠告,建议;法律顾问;律师;vt.提供专业咨询;建议,劝告(做某事) benchmark:n.基准;标准检查程序;vt.用基准问题测试(计算机系统等); evaluating:v.估计;评价;评估;(evaluate的现在分词)
Well maybe, OK, but what's going to follow from this? [21:41]
And here's one that does concern me. [21:45]
concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事;
Remember I quoted him before with this line: "Surrendered people obey God's word, even if it doesn't make sense." [21:49]
quoted:v.引用;引述;举例说明;开价;(quote的过去分词和过去式)
And that's a problem. [21:57]
(Sighs) [22:01]
'"Don't ever argue with the Devil . [22:02]
Devil:n.魔鬼;撒旦;家伙;恶棍;淘气鬼;冒失鬼;v.虐待,折磨;扯碎;做助手;
He's better at arguing than you are, having had thousands of years to practice." [22:04]
Now, Rick Warren didn't invent this clever move. [22:08]
It's an old move. [22:12]
It's a very clever adaptation of religions. [22:14]
adaptation:n.适应;改编;改编本,改写本;
It's a wild card for disarming any reasonable criticism . [22:17]
wild card:n.通配符;万能符; disarming:adj.使解除警戒心的;使人消气的;v.解除武装;使息怒(disarm的现在分词); reasonable:adj.合理的,公道的;通情达理的; criticism:n.批评;批判;评论;指责;
'"You don't like my interpretation? [22:22]
You've got a reasonable objection to it? [22:24]
objection:n.反对;反对的理由;异议;
Don't listen, don't listen! [22:26]
That's the Devil speaking." [22:28]
This discourages the sort of reasoning citizenship it seems to me that we want to have. [22:31]
I've got one more problem, then I'm through. [22:39]
And I'd really like to get a response if Rick is able to do it. [22:42]
'"In the Great Commission , Jesus said, 'Go to all people of all nations and make them my disciples . [22:47]
Commission:n.委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状;vt.委任;使服役;委托制作; Jesus:int.上帝啊:天哪:n.耶稣:耶稣基督: disciples:n.门徒(disciple的复数);v.教育(disciple的第三人称单数形式);
Baptize them in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit , and teach them to do everything I've told you.'" [22:52]
Baptize:vt.给…施浸礼;命名;使经受考验(等于baptise);vi.施行洗礼(等于baptise); in the name of:以…的名义; Holy Spirit:n.圣灵;圣神;abbr.(=H-Ghost)[宗]圣灵;
The Bible says Jesus is the only one who can save the world. [22:57]
We've seen many wonderful maps of the world in the last day or so. [23:01]
Here's one, not as beautiful as the others; it simply shows the religions of the world. [23:06]
Here's one that shows the sort of current breakdown of the different religions. [23:12]
breakdown:n.分解;损坏;分类;(关系)破裂;adj.专门修理故障的;
Do we really want to commit ourselves to engulfing all the other religions, when their holy books are telling them, "Don't listen to the other side, that's just Satan talking!"? [23:19]
commit:v.犯(罪等);干(坏事等);[法]提(审);判处; engulfing:吞没;使陷于; Satan:n.撒旦;魔鬼;
It seems to me that that's a very problematic ship to get on for the future. [23:36]
problematic:adj.问题的;有疑问的;不确定的; get on for:v.接近,靠近;
I found this sign as I was driving to Maine recently, in front of a church: "Good without God becomes zero." [23:45]
Maine:n.缅因州(美国州名);
Sort of cute. [23:52]
A very clever little meme . [23:54]
meme:n.大脑模仿病毒;文化基因;弥母;
I don't believe it and I think this idea, popular as it is -- not in this guise , but in general -- is itself one of the main problems that we face. [23:58]
guise:n.伪装;装束;外观;vt.使化装;vi.伪装; in general:总之,通常;一般而言;
If you are like me, you know many wonderful, committed , engaged atheists , agnostics , who are being very good without God. [24:09]
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式) atheists:n.无神论者; agnostics:n.不可知论者;不可知派;
And you also know many religious people who hide behind their sanctity instead of doing good works. [24:22]
sanctity:n.圣洁;尊严;神圣不可侵犯性;
So, I wish we could drop this meme. [24:29]
I wish this meme would go extinct . [24:33]
extinct:adj.灭绝的,绝种的;熄灭的;vt.使熄灭;
Thanks very much for your attention. [24:35]
(Applause) [24:37]