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DanBuettner_2009X-_如何健康长寿_
Something called the Danish Twin Study established that only about 10 percent of how long the average person lives, within certain biological limits, is dictated by our genes . 一个叫“丹麦双胞胎”的研究表明, 普通人在生物学允许的限度内的寿命, 仅仅有百分之十 是由我们的基因决定的。
Danish:adj.丹麦的;丹麦人的;丹麦语(文)的;n.丹麦语; established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; dictated:adj.口述的(dictate的过去分词);v.口述(dictate的过去分词); genes:n.基因;(gene的复数)
The other 90 percent is dictated by our lifestyle. 另外的百分之九十则取决于我们的生活方式。
So the premise of Blue Zones: if we can find the optimal lifestyle of longevity we can come up with a de facto formula for longevity. 因此,对蓝区研究的前提是:如果我们能找到 长寿的最佳生活方式, 我们就可以得出一个实际的 长寿公式。
premise:n.前提;假定;v.假定;预述(条件等);引导(论述等);; optimal:adj.最佳的;最理想的; longevity:n.长寿,长命;寿命; come up with:提出;想出;赶上; de facto:adj.实际上存在的(不一定合法); formula:n.公式; adj.(赛车)方程式的(指赛车要符合规定的体积,重量及汽缸容量等);
But if you ask the average American what the optimal formula of longevity is, they probably couldn't tell you. 但是,如果你问个普通的美国人,最佳的 长寿公式是什么,他们就有可能答不上来。
They've probably heard of the South Beach Diet, or the Atkins Diet . 他们也许听说过南海岸饮食法,或者阿特金斯饮食法。
Atkins Diet:n.阿特金斯规定饮食(高蛋白质、低碳水化合物);
You have the USDA food pyramid. 你见过农业部的食物金字塔
There is what Oprah tells us. 奥普拉会这么说
Oprah:n.奥普拉(美国电视节目主持人);
There is what Doctor Oz tells us. 欧兹博士会那么说?
The fact of the matter is there is a lot of confusion around what really helps us live longer better. 但是我们真的很困惑 什么东西才真的能使我们更健康长寿。
confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘;
Should you be running marathons or doing yoga ? 你应该跑马拉松,还是练瑜伽？
yoga:n.瑜珈(意为"结合",指修行);瑜珈术;联想可360°翻转的平板电脑;
Should you eat organic meats or should you be eating tofu? 是该食用有机肉制品呢？ 还是该吃豆腐？
organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体;
When it comes to supplements , should you be taking them? 需不需要服用滋补品,
supplements:n.补充品;增补物;[昆]补脉(supplement的复数);
How about these hormones or resveratrol ? 激素,或者白藜芦醇（一种营养补充品）？
hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数); resveratrol:n.白藜芦醇;
And does purpose play into it? 还有,能否达到食用这些东西的目的？
Spirituality ? And how about how we socialize ? 我们的信仰呢？我们与他人的交往呢？这些重要吗？
Spirituality:n.灵性;精神性; socialize:v.使社会化;使社会主义化;交际;参与社交;
Well, our approach to finding longevity was to team up with National Geographic, and the National Institute on Aging, to find the four demographically confirmed areas that are geographically defined . 我们找到健康长寿秘诀的研究方法是 与《国家地理》杂志 和国家老龄化研究院的研究人员合作? 找出四个人口统计学信息确切的 并且有明确的地理界线 的地区?
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; team up with:与…合作,与…协作; Institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院; demographically:人口统计地; geographically:adv.在地理上;地理学上; defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确;
And then bring a team of experts in there to methodically go through exactly what these people do, to distill down the cross-cultural distillation . 然后带领一组专家到这些地区 仔细分析在那里生活的人们做些什么 提取出跨越文化的健康长寿真谛?
methodically:adv.有方法地;有系统地; cross-cultural:adj.跨文化的;交叉文化的; distillation:n.精馏,蒸馏,净化;蒸馏法;精华,蒸馏物;
And at the end of this I'm going to tell you what that distillation is. 在我的报告的最后,我会揭晓这些真谛?
But first I'd like to debunk some common myths when it comes to longevity. 但首先,我想戳穿一些常见的 关于长寿的谣言。
debunk:vt.揭穿;拆穿…的假面具;暴露; myths:神话;谬见;
And the first myth is if you try really hard you can live to be 100. 谣言一:如果你很努力地尝试, 你就可以活到一百岁。
False. 错了。
The problem is, only about one out of 5,000 people in America live to be 100. 事实上,在美国,每五千人中只有一人 能活到一百岁
Your chances are very low. 你的机会太小了。
Even though it's the fastest growing demographic in America, it's hard to reach 100. 尽管现在美国正处与人口增长最快的时期? 活到一百岁仍然还是很困难的
The problem is that we're not programmed for longevity. 问题在于, 我们人类没被设为长寿,
We are programmed for something called procreative success. 只是被预设为需要达到 繁衍的成功的状态
procreative:adj.生殖的;产生的;多产的;
I love that word. 这个词棒极了
It reminds me of my college days. 让我回想起我上大学的时候?
reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数)
Biologists term procreative success to mean the age where you have children and then another generation, the age when your children have children. 生物学对生殖成功的定义是? 你有孩子的年龄 以及下一代,你孩子有他们自己孩子的年龄
Biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数);
After that the effect of evolution completely dissipates . 达到这个年龄后,生物遗传的意义 就完全淡化了?
evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; dissipates:vt.浪费;使…消散;vi.驱散;放荡;
If you're a mammal , if you're a rat or an elephant, or a human, in between, it's the same story. 不论你是哺乳动物,老鼠 大象,人,或是其它,道理都一样
mammal:n.哺乳动物;
So to make it to age 100, you not only have to have had a very good lifestyle, you also have to have won the genetic lottery . 所以要活到一百岁,你不仅要 有一个很好的生活方式,你还必须 拥有长寿基因的好运
genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; lottery:n.彩票;碰运气的事,难算计的事;抽彩给奖法;
The second myth is, there are treatments that can help slow, reverse , or even stop aging. 第二个谣言是, 拥有能够帮助我们减缓 倒转甚至阻止衰老的方法
treatments:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;(treatment的复数) reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的;
False. 错
When you think of it, there is 99 things that can age us. 说到这,有99种可能会使我们老去。
Deprive your brain of oxygen for just a few minutes, those brain cells die, they never come back. 让大脑缺氧,仅几分钟 就会使得脑细胞死亡并永不能复活
Deprive:vt.使丧失,剥夺;
Play tennis too hard, on your knees, ruin your cartilage , the cartilage never comes back. 过度打网球会损害膝盖的软骨 你的软骨永远不再复原。
ruin:n.废墟;毁坏;灭亡;v.毁灭;使破产; cartilage:n.软骨;
Our arteries can clog . Our brains can gunk up with plaque , and we can get Alzheimer's. 我们的动脉会堵塞。大脑会因血小板凝结 而得老年痴呆症
arteries:n.[解剖]动脉(artery的复数);v.给…提供动脉(artery的单数第三人称); clog:v.阻塞;障碍;n.障碍;木底鞋; gunk:n.泥状物质;黏性物质;无特殊形状之一堆; plaque:n.匾;血小板;饰板;
There is just too many things to go wrong. 我们体内有35万亿个细胞
Our bodies have 35 trillion cells, trillion with a "T." We're talking national debt numbers here. 出问题的可能性太多 我们这里说的是国债数量。
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿; national debt:n.国债;
(Laughter) 哈哈
Those cells turn themselves over once every eight years. 这些细胞每八年翻转一次
And every time they turn themselves over there is some damage. And that damage builds up. 每次翻转都有一些损伤 这些损伤
And it builds up exponentially . 以指数性规律成长。
exponentially:adv.以指数方式;
It's a little bit like the days when we all had 有点像是那段时间里
Beatles albums or Eagles albums and we'd make a copy of that on a cassette tape, and let our friends copy that cassette tape, and pretty soon, with successive generations that tape sounds like garbage . 我们都有披头士和老鹰乐队的相册一样 我们会复制盒式磁带 并让朋友们也复制 很快,代代相传 磁带现在听起来过时了
Beatles:n.披头士合唱(摇滚乐队); cassette:n.暗盒;磁带盒;盒式磁带;卡式磁带;v.用盒式磁带[胶卷或录像磁带]录制; successive:adj.连续的;继承的;依次的;接替的; garbage:n.垃圾;废物;
Well, the same things happen to our cells. 同样细胞也是如此。
That's why a 65-year-old person is aging at a rate of about 125 times faster than a 12-year-old person. 这就是为什么一个65岁的老人 的老化速度 是一个12岁孩子 的125倍
So, if there is nothing you can do to slow your aging or stop your aging, what am I doing here? 所以如果没有什么能够 减缓或停止老龄化 我为何还站在这里
Well, the fact of the matter is the best science tells us that the capacity of the human body, my body, your body, is about 90 years, a little bit more for women. 事实上, 最可信的科学表明人类能活, 我和你们一样 大约九十岁 当然,女性稍微长一些
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
But life expectancy in this country is only 78. 但是这个国家的平均寿命 仅仅78岁
life expectancy:预期寿命;
So somewhere along the line, we're leaving about 12 good years on the table. 距离平均线 明显还差了12年
These are years that we could get. 这十二年是我们能得到的。
And research shows that would be years largely free of chronic disease , heart disease , cancer and diabetes . 研究表明这些年主要是免于慢性疾病的年月,比如 心脏病,癌症和糖尿病
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症;
We think the best way to get these missing years is to look at the cultures around the world that are actually experiencing them, areas where people are living to age 100 at rates up to 10 times greater than we are, areas where the life expectancy is an extra dozen years, the rate of middle age mortality is a fraction of what it is in this country. 我们认为要得到这12年,最好的方法是 去欣赏全世界的文化 并且实地体验 100岁的人居住的地方 比我们大十倍 的地方的人平均寿命 要多12年。 这个国家的 中年人死亡率很低。
extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外: middle age:中年; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; fraction:n.分数;小部分;小数;少量;
We found our first blue zone about 125 miles off the coast of Italy, on the island of Sardinia. 我们发现第一个蓝区距离撒丁岛的 意大利海岸大约125英里
And not the entire island, the island is about 1.4 million people, but only up in the highlands , an area called the Nuoro province. 这个岛大约有140万人,但是并非分布于整个岛屿, 他们只在一个叫怒奥罗的高低上居住
highlands:n.高原地区;山岳地带;(highland的复数)
And here we have this area where men live the longest, about 10 times more centenarians than we have here in America. 这个区域的人寿命最长 逾百岁的人是我们在这里居住的美国的10倍多
centenarians:百岁老人(centenarian的复数);
And this is a place where people not only reach age 100, they do so with extraordinary vigor . 这个地方的人不仅活到100岁 而且精力异常充沛
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; vigor:n.[生物]活力,精力;
Places where 102 year olds still ride their bike to work, chop wood, and can beat a guy 60 years younger than them. 活到102岁仍然骑自行车工作 伐木,能打败小他们60岁的人
chop:v.砍;劈;切碎;剁碎;n.砍;劈;剁;猪(或羊等)排;
(Laughter) 哈哈
Their history actually goes back to about the time of Christ . 他们的历史追溯到基督时代
Christ:n.基督;耶稣基督
It's actually a Bronze Age culture that's been isolated . 是被隔离的青铜时代的文化。
Bronze Age:n.青铜时代;青铜器时代; isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
Because the land is so infertile they largely are shepherds , which occasions regular, low-intensity physical activity. 因为这块地如此贫瘠 他们大多是牧羊人 工作时间稳定,体力活动强度低。
infertile:adj.不肥沃的;不毛的;不结果实的;不能生殖的; shepherds:n.牧羊人; v.带领(shepherd的三单形式); low-intensity:n.低强度; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
Their diet is mostly plant-based, accentuated with foods that they can carry into the fields. 他们的饮食以素食为主, 是地里自产的食物
accentuated:v.强调;重读;给…加上重音符号;(accentuated是accentuate的过去分词);
They came up with an unleavened whole wheat bread called notamusica made out of durum wheat, a type of cheese made from grass-fed animals so the cheese is high in Omega-3 fatty acids 他们找到了一种未经发酵的全麦面包 那是由硬质小麦和 一种食草动物的奶做成的奶酪 所以奶酪含有高欧米茄-3脂肪酸
unleavened:adj.未发酵的;未受激发的; durum:n.硬质小麦(用于制作意大利面食); grass-fed:放牧;放(牲口)吃草;(牛羊等牲口)吃牧草; fatty:adj.脂肪的;肥胖的;多脂肪的;脂肪过多的;n.胖子;
instead of Omega-6 fatty acids from corn-fed animals, and a type of wine that has three times the level of polyphenols than any known wine in the world. 而不是食谷类动物奶做成的欧米茄-6脂肪酸奶酪 还有一种酒,它的多酚含量 是世界所有已知酒类所含含量的三倍
corn-fed:头脑简单的; polyphenols:n.[有化]多酚;多酚类(polyphenol的复数形式);
It's called Cannonau. 它叫卡诺乌红葡萄酒
But the real secret I think lies more in the way that they organize their society. 但我认为真正的秘诀多取决于 他们社会组成的方式。
in the way:妨碍;挡道; organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;
And one of the most salient elements of the Sardinian society is how they treat older people. 撒丁岛社会里一个最显著的现象是, 他们如何对待老人
salient:adj.显著的;突出的;跳跃的;n.凸角;突出部分; elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
You ever notice here in America, social equity seems to peak at about age 24? 你曾注意过美国的社会平等 在大约24岁时达到高峰吗
equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值; peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
Just look at the advertisements. 来看看这些广告吧
Here in Sardinia, the older you get the more equity you have, the more wisdom you're celebrated for. 在撒丁岛,年纪越大 享受的平等权就越多, 被颂扬的才智就越多。
wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问;
You go into the bars in Sardinia, instead of seeing the Sports Illustrated swimsuit calendar , you see the centenarian of the month calendar. 进入撒丁岛的酒吧 不看体育画报的泳装表演日程,取而代之的是 看每月日历上的百岁老人
Illustrated:v.加插图于;给(书等)做图表;说明,解释;(illustrate的过去分词和过去式) swimsuit:游泳衣(女式) calendar:n.日历;挂历;v.把…记入日程表中;
This, as it turns out, is not only good for your aging parents to keep them close to the family; it imparts about four to six years of extra life expectancy, 这个已被证明,不仅有益于你的年迈父母 使他们更靠近家庭 而且传授大约4到6年的额外寿命。
imparts:v.传授;给予;告知(impart的三单形式);
research shows it's also good for the children of those families, who have lower rates of mortality and lower rates of disease. 研究表明对那些家庭的孩子也很有益 因为这些家庭的死亡率和疾病率比较低
That's called the grandmother effect. 那被称为祖母效应
We found our second Blue Zone on the other side of the planet, about 800 miles south of Tokyo, on the archipelago of Okinawa . 我们找的第二个蓝区 在地球另一端 离东京南部约800英里 在冲绳县的古拉格岛
on the other side:另一面;在另一边; archipelago:n.群岛,列岛;多岛的海区; Okinawa:n.冲绳县(日本);
Okinawa is actually 161 small islands. 古拉格群岛由161个小岛组成
And in the northern part of the main island, this is ground zero for world longevity. 中心岛屿的北部 是世界长寿的起点
ground zero:"爆心投影点"组织;着地点;
This is a place where the oldest living female population is found. 最长寿的女性就是在这个地方发现的
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
It's a place where people have the longest disability-free life expectancy in the world. 这个地方的人是世界上 寿命最长的无伤残人群
They have what we want. 他们拥有我们渴望的东西
They live a long time, and tend to die in their sleep, very quickly, and often, I can tell you, after sex. 他们活很久,常常在睡觉中死去 速度快 而且通常是在性行为之后。
They live about seven good years longer than the average American. 他们比普通美国人寿命长7年
Five times as many centenarians as we have in America. 是美国百岁老人的5倍
One fifth the rate of colon and breast cancer, big killers here in America. 在美国结肠癌和乳腺癌是强大杀手 致死率为五分之一
colon:n.[解剖]结肠;冒号(用于引语,说明,例证等之前);科郎(哥斯达黎加货币单位);
And one sixth the rate of cardiovascular disease. 六分之一死于心血管疾病
cardiovascular:adj.[解剖]心血管的;
And the fact that this culture has yielded these numbers suggests strongly they have something to teach us. 事实上,国家产生的这些数量 强烈暗示我们有许多要向他们学习的。
yielded:v.出产(作物);提供;屈服;让步;放弃;(yield的过去分词和过去式)
What do they do? 他们做什么呢
Once again, a plant-based diet, full of vegetables with lots of color in them. 还是植物性食物为主 绿色蔬菜繁多
And they eat about eight times as much tofu as Americans do. 他们是美国人吃豆腐 数量的八倍
More significant than what they eat is how they eat it. 比吃什么更重要的是如何来吃
significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物;
They have all kinds of little strategies to keep from overeating , which, as you know, is a big problem here in America. 他们有各种各样的小策略来 杜绝过度饱食 众所周知,这在美国是一个大问题
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数) overeating:v.吃得过多;过度饱食(overeat的ing形式);
A few of the strategies we observed : they eat off of smaller plates, so they tend to eat fewer calories at every sitting. 我们观察了几个策略如下: 他们吃饭用较小的盘子,所以每次就吃较少的卡路里
observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式); calories:n.[物]卡路里(热量单位,calorie的复数);
Instead of serving family style, where you can sort of mindlessly eat as you're talking, they serve at the counter, put the food away, and then bring it to the table. 不是家庭型用餐 在这种类型的用餐上,你会边聊边没意识的吃, 他们是在吧台服务,把食物拿走 然后拿回桌子上
mindlessly:adv.不费心思地;愚蠢地;
They also have a 3,000-year-old adage , which I think is the greatest sort of diet suggestion ever invented. 他们有一个流传三千年的谚语, 我认为是前所未有的最棒饮食建议
adage:n.格言,谚语;箴言;
It was invented by Confucius . 是孔子提出的。
Confucius:n.孔子(中国哲学家,教育家);
And that diet is known as the Hara, Hatchi, Bu diet. 这种饮食就是周知柯罗,八术门,卜饮食。
Simply a little saying these people say before their meal to remind them to stop eating when their stomach is 80 percent full. 吃饭前这些人简单说一点谚语 提醒他们吃到8成饱就停止进食
It takes about a half hour for that full feeling to travel from your belly to your brain. 这种饱腹感要用一个小时 才能从肚子到大脑。
belly:n.腹部;胃;食欲;v.涨满;鼓起;
And by remembering to stop at 80 percent it helps keep you from doing that very thing. 只吃到八成饱 能阻止你做出极端的事情
But, like Sardinia, Okinawa has a few social constructs that we can associate with longevity. 但是,和撒丁岛一样,冲绳有很少社会建构 能和长寿联系起来
constructs:n.构念(construct的复数);建筑物;构图;v.设计(construct的三单形式);建造; associate with:v.联合;与…联系在一起;和…来往;
We know that isolation kills. 我们知道那次的隔离杀戮
Fifteen years ago the average American had three good friends. 15年前,平均每个美国人有三个好朋友
We're down to one and half right now. 现在仅有一个半
If you were lucky enough to be born in Okinawa you were born into a system where you automatically have a half a dozen friends with whom you travel through life. 如果你很幸运生在日本冲绳 你就生在了一个自然而然 地一生轻易就能拥有 四个朋友的地方。
automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的;
They call it a Moai. And if you're in a Moai you're expected to share the bounty if you encounter luck, and if things go bad, child gets sick, parent dies, you always have somebody who has your back. 他们称作魔埃 如果你在魔埃碰到好运的话能与人分享馈赠 如果运气糟糕 则孩子生病父母死亡 总有一个人带你走,
bounty:n.慷慨; vt.发给…奖金等; vi.以赏金等形式发放; encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见;
This particular moai, these five ladies have been together for 97 years. 这个特殊的魔埃,这五个女人 在一起已经97年了
Their average age is 102. 她们平均102岁
Typically in America we've divided our adult life up into two sections. 在美国, 我们把成人寿命分成两部分
Typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地;
There is our work life, where we're productive . 一个是工作寿命, 是我们多产的时间。
productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的;
And then one day, boom , we retire. 然后某一天,繁荣,然后退休。
boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的;
And typically that has meant retiring to the easy chair , or going down to Arizona to play golf. 这就意味着 退到安乐椅上 或者去亚利桑那州打高尔夫。
easy chair:n.安乐椅; Arizona:n.美国亚利桑那州;
In the Okinawan language there is not even a word for retirement . 在冲绳语言里 压根没退休这个词。
retirement:n.退休;退职;退休年龄;退休生活;
Instead there is one word that imbues your entire life, and that word is "ikigai." 而有一个词却 深嵌在你的一生 这个词叫做“生活价值”。
imbues:vt.灌输;使感染;使渗透;
And, roughly translated, it means "the reason for which you wake up in the morning." 简单解释一下,就是 “你早晨醒来的理由。”
roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地;
For this 102-year-old karate master, his ikigai was carrying forth this martial art . 对这个102岁的空手道大师来说, 他的生活价值在武术中实现着。
karate:n.空手道(日本的一种徒手武术); martial art:n.武术;
For this hundred-year-old fisherman it was continuing to catch fish for his family three times a week. 这个百岁渔翁 每周还出海为家庭打三次渔。
And this is a question. The National Institute on Aging actually gave us a questionnaire to give these centenarians. 对于这个问题,老年研究所 给我们做了这些百岁老人的调查问卷。
questionnaire:n.问卷;调查表;
And one of the questions, they were very culturally astute , the people who put the questionnaire. 对其中一个问题,他们的文化警惕性很高, 即是谁提出的问卷。
culturally:adv.从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面; astute:adj.机敏的;狡猾的,诡计多端的;
One of the questions was, "What is your ikigai?" 有一个问题是,“你的生活价值是什么？”
They instantly knew why they woke up in the morning. 他们立马知道早晨为何而醒来。
For this 102 year old woman, her ikigai was simply her great-great-great-granddaughter. 这个102岁的老人,她的生活意义 只是她的玄孙女。
Two girls separated in age by 101 and a half years. 这两个女性年龄差距是101岁半。
And I asked her what it felt like to hold a great-great-great-granddaughter. 我问她养育这个玄孙女 感觉怎么样。
And she put her head back and she said, "It feels like leaping into heaven." 她仰着头说道: 真像跳入天堂一般。
leaping:adj.跳跃的,跳跃而行的;n.跳跃;v.跳跃(leap的ing形式);
I thought that was a wonderful thought. 我认为这是个顶好的想法。
My editor at Geographic wanted me to find America's Blue Zone. 我地理学的编辑 想让我找个美国的蓝区。
And for a while we looked on the prairies of Minnesota , where actually there is a very high proportion of centenarians. 一时间我们观察了明尼苏达草原, 那里确实有相当比例的百岁老人。
for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时; prairies:n.(美)[畜牧]大草原(prairie的复数); Minnesota:n.明尼苏达州(美国中北部洲); proportion:n.比例;部分;份额;均衡;v.摊派;使相称;
But that's because all the young people left. 但只是因为所有的年轻人都离开了。
(Laughter) 哈哈
So, we turned to the data again. 因此,我们再次依赖数据。
And we found America's longest-lived population among the Seventh-Day Adventists concentrated in and around Loma Linda, California. 我们发现美国最长寿的人群 都在星期六耶稣再生派论者当中 这些人集中在加利福尼亚州的罗马琳达及周围地区。
Seventh-Day:adj.以星期六为安息日的; Adventists:n.基督复临论者,耶稣再生论者; concentrated:adj.决心要做的; v.集中(注意力); (concentrate的过去式和过去分词)
Adventists are conservative Methodists . 再生派论者是守旧派人物。
conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者; Methodists:n.过分强调方法的人;拘泥形式的人(methodist的复数);
They celebrate their sabbath from from sunset on Friday till sunset on Saturday. 他们从周五日落到周六日落 一直庆祝安息日。
sabbath:n.安息日; sunset:adj.霞红色的; n.日落(时分); v.(使)定期届满废止;
A "24-hour sanctuary in time," they call it. 他们称为“二十四小时至圣时间”。
sanctuary:n.避难所;至圣所;耶路撒冷的神殿;
And they follow five little habits that conveys to them, extraordinary longevity comparatively speaking. 并且遵循五种 相对而言传递给他们的 能够特别长寿的习惯。
conveys:运输;表达; comparatively:adv.比较地;相当地;
In America here, life expectancy for the average woman is 80. 在美国,女人平均寿命 为80岁。
But for an Adventist woman, their life expectancy is 89. 但再生论者的女人, 平均寿命是89岁。
And the difference is even more pronounced among men, who are expected to live about 11 years longer than their American counterparts . 男人之间的差别则更为显著, 他们大约比其他美国男同胞 多活11岁。
counterparts:n.(契约)副本(counterpart的复数);相对物;相对应的人;
Now, this is a study that followed about 70,000 people for 30 years. 这项研究是跟随7万人大约用了三十年 才做出来的。
Sterling study. And I think it supremely illustrates the premise of this Blue Zone project. 是一项纯正的研究。我认为它极好地阐述了 对蓝区项目的假定。
supremely:adv.至上地;崇高地; illustrates:v.阐明;举例说明(illustrate的三单形式);给…加插图;
This is a heterogeneous community . 这是一个多种族群体。
heterogeneous:adj.[化学]多相的;异种的;[化学]不均匀的;由不同成分形成的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
It's white, black, Hispanic , Asian. 有白人,黑人,西班牙人和亚洲人。
Hispanic:adj.西班牙的;
The only thing that they have in common are a set of very small lifestyle habits that they follow ritualistically for most of their lives. 他们唯一的共同点是都有一套 适当的生活习惯 而且一生多半都恪守着 这种习惯。
ritualistically:仪式地;
They take their diet directly from the Bible . 他们的饮食来自于圣经。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; Bible:n.有权威的书;
Genesis : Chapter one, Verse [29], where God talks about legumes and seeds, and on one more stanza about green plants, ostensibly missing is meat. 第一章诗节 在这一节上帝讲豆科蔬菜和种子, 并且讲了一节多的绿色蔬菜, 基本上忽略肉类。
Genesis:n.发生;起源; legumes:n.豆类;豆科植物;蔬菜(legume的复数); stanza:n.演出期;局;场;诗的一节; ostensibly:adv.表面上;外表;
They take this sanctuary in time very serious. 对待这种圣事,他们很严肃。
For 24 hours every week, no matter how busy they are, how stressed out they are at work, where the kids need to be driven, they stop everything and they focus on their God, 每周有24小时 不管多忙,工作压力多大, 孩子们要在那里受到鼓舞, 所以他们放下一切事情只关注上帝,
their social network, and then, hardwired right in the religion are nature walks. 在宗教里,他们的社会交际网,固定的权利 都是对大自然的探索。
hardwired:adj.电路的;
And the power of this is not that it's done occasionally , the power is it's done every week for a lifetime. 这能量不是偶然发出 而是一生中每周如此。
occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然;
None of it's hard. None of it costs money. 没有难度也没有花费。
Adventists also tend to hang out with other Adventists. 冒险家也想与同行一同去闲逛。
hang out with:与…出去玩;与…闲逛;
So, if you go to an Adventist's party you don't see people swilling Jim Beam or rolling a joint . 所以,如果你去参加一个冒险者聚会, 你看不到人们痛饮玉米威士忌或做烟卷
swilling:n.泔水;冲洗;痛饮;涮;vt.冲洗;痛饮;涮;倒出;vi.大口地喝;发激荡声; Beam:n.光线; v.发射(电波); joint:n.关节; adj.共同的; v.连接,贴合;
Instead they're talking about their next nature walk, exchanging recipes , and yes, they pray. 他们正讨论的是下一次自然大探索, 交换食谱然后祈祷。
recipes:n.烹饪法;食谱;方法;秘诀;诀窍;(recipe的复数)
But they influence each other in profound and measurable ways. 他们以深刻有策略的方式影响着彼此。
influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; measurable:adj.可测量的;重要的;重大的;
This is a culture that has yielded Ellsworth Wheram. 在这种文化中诞生了埃尔斯沃斯
Ellsworth Wheram is 97 years old. 他活了97岁
He's a multimillionaire , yet when a contractor wanted 6,000 dollars to build a privacy fence, he said, "For that kind of money I'll do it myself." 是个百万富翁, 但是一个承包人想要6000美元 建个私人栅栏时, 他说这点钱我自己搞定。
multimillionaire:n.千万富翁;大富豪;拥有数百万家财的富豪; contractor:n.承包人;立契约者; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
So for the next three days he was out shoveling cement , and hauling poles around. 所以接下来的三年他外出铲水泥 到处搬运电杆。
cement:n.水泥;(干燥后硬化的)水泥;胶合剂;胶接剂;v.加强;胶合; hauling:v.拖,拉,拽;;强迫(某人)去某处;(haul的现在分词) poles:n.极点(pole的复数形式);雪杖;杆位次数;
And predictably , perhaps, on the fourth day he ended up in the operating room. 正如预想,大约在第四天 他在手术室去世。
predictably:adv.可预言地;
But not as the guy on the table; the guy doing open-heart surgery . 但根本不像手术台上 做心脏直视手术的家伙。
open-heart surgery:n.体外循环心脏手术;心脏直视手术;开心术;
At 97 he still does 20 open-heart surgeries every month. 到97他仍然每月做20次心脏手术。
surgeries:n.外科手术(surgery复数);
Ed Rawlings, 103 years old now, an active cowboy, starts his morning with a swim. 爱德罗林斯,现103岁, 是个活泼的牛仔,每天早晨游泳。
And on weekends he likes to put on the boards, throw up rooster tails. 周末他喜欢上舞台 抛公鸡尾巴符咒
rooster:n.公鸡;狂妄自负的人;
And then Marge Deton. 马吉德顿
Marge is 104. 104岁
Her grandson actually lives in the Twin Cities here. 她的孙子住在双子城?
She starts her day with lifting weights. 她每天先练举重
She rides her bicycle. 然后骑自行车。
And then she gets in her root-beer colored 1994 Cadillac Seville , and tears down the San Bernardino freeway , where she still volunteers for seven different organizations . 然后驾着她1994年的啤酒色 凯迪拉克塞维利亚 驶向圣贝纳迪诺高速公路 在高速上她是七个不同组织的志愿者。
Cadillac:n.卡迪拉克(北美洲法国总督,底特律的创立者);卡迪拉克(高级轿车名); Seville:n.塞维利亚(西班牙地名); freeway:n.高速公路; volunteers:n.志愿者; v.自愿做; (volunteer的第三人称单数和复数) organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
I've been on 19 hardcore expeditions . 我已经经历了19次远征,
hardcore:adj.赤裸裸描写性行为的;n.硬核;硬底层;碎砖垫层; expeditions:n.探险(expedition的复数);远征;
I'm probably the only person you'll ever meet who rode his bicycle across the Sahara desert without sunscreen . 也许是你见到的唯一骑自行车 穿过 撒哈拉沙漠却没有晒伤的人。
sunscreen:n.(防晒油中的)遮光剂;
But I'll tell you, there is no adventure more harrowing than riding shotgun with Marge Deton. 但是让我告诉你,没有比运输途中担任马吉德顿护卫更加 让人头痛的事情。
adventure:n.冒险;奇遇;经历;冒险游戏;v.探险;以…冒险;大胆进行;闯; harrowing:adj.令人痛心的; v.耙地; (harrow的现在分词) shotgun:n.霰弹猎枪;adj.猎枪的;被迫的;v.用猎枪射击;强迫;
'"A stranger is a friend I haven't met yet!" she'd say to me. 她说:“陌生人是一个我还未见过的朋友。”
So, what are the common denominators in these three cultures? 所以,这三种文化有什么 共同特性呢？
denominators:共同特性;[数]分母;
What are the things that they all do? 他们都有做了什么事情？
And we managed to boil it down to nine. 我们试图归结为九点
In fact we've done two more Blue Zone expeditions since this and these common denominators hold true. 其实在这次蓝区远征前 我们已经调查了两个蓝区
And the first one, and I'm about to utter a heresy here, none of them exercise, at least the way we think of exercise. 第一个 我想说个异端邪说, 他们谁都不运动 至少是我们认为的运动方式。
utter:v.说;出声;讲;adj.完全的;十足的;彻底的; heresy:n.异端;异端邪说;异教;
Instead, they set up their lives so that they are constantly nudged into physical activity. 反而建立他们的生活 以便常常进行体力伙动。
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; nudged:n.推动; vt.推进; vi.轻推;
These 100-year-old Okinawan women are getting up and down off the ground , they sit on the floor, 30 or 40 times a day. 这些100岁的冲绳女人 在地上上来下去, 每天坐地上30到40次。
off the ground:已开始的;在进行中;
Sardinians live in vertical houses, up and down the stairs. 撒丁岛人居住在垂直房屋里,上下楼梯
vertical:n.垂直线;垂直位置;adj.竖的;垂直的;直立的;纵向的;
Every trip to the store, or to church or to a friends house occasions a walk. 每次去商店,教堂或朋友家里 都走上片刻。
They don't have any conveniences . 没有任何方便性。
conveniences:n.方便性;
There is not a button to push to do yard work or house work. 做打扫工作和家务没有按钮一按则使用。
If they want to mix up a cake, they're doing it by hand. 如果想做蛋糕,就自己动手。
That's physical activity. 这就是是体力劳动。?
That burns calories just as much as going on the treadmill does. 这个燃烧的热量和跑步机上消耗的一样。
treadmill:n.踏车,跑步机;单调的工作;
When they do do intentional physical activity, it's the things they enjoy. They tend to walk, the only proven way to stave off cognitive decline , and they all tend to have a garden. 进行惯常体力运动, 是他们享受这些事情的时候。他们常常步行, 这被证明是防止认知降低的唯一方法, 并且他们人人有花园。
intentional:adj.故意的;蓄意的;策划的; stave:n.狭板;梯级;诗句;五线谱表;vt.延缓;击穿;凿孔于;压扁;vi.破碎;穿孔; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降;
They know how to set up their life in the right way so they have the right outlook . 他们知道如何安排生活 因此有正确的观点。
outlook:n.见解;前景;人生观;可能性;
Each of these cultures take time to downshift . 每种文化都不慌不忙地变换。
downshift:vi.调低速档;工作降格;n.换低速档;vt.使…调低速挡;使工作降格;
The Sardinians pray. The Seventh-Day Adventists pray. 撒丁岛人祈祷。再生论者也祈祷。
The Okinawans have this ancestor veneration . 冲绳人有祖先祭拜的规约。
veneration:n.尊敬;崇拜;
But when you're in a hurry or stressed out that triggers something called the inflammatory response , which is associated with everything from Alzheimer's disease to cardiovascular disease. 但是你的匆忙或压力引发的 炎症反应 这些都与老年痴呆症和心血管疾病 都有关系的。
triggers:n.[电子]触发器;触发物(trigger的复数);v.引起(trigger的单三形式);引爆; inflammatory:adj.炎症性的;煽动性的;激动的; response:n.响应;反应;回答; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
When you slow down for 15 minutes a day you turn that inflammatory state into a more anti-inflammatory state. 每天减缓行动15分钟 这种炎症 就能变成一种反炎症状态。
anti-inflammatory:adj.抗炎的;n.抗炎药;
They have vocabulary for sense of purpose, ikigai, like the Okinawans. 冲绳人把这个目的感叫做 有意义的生活。
You know the two most dangerous years in your life are the year you're born, because of infant mortality, and the year you retire. 一个人一生中最危险的两年 一是出生的时候,因为婴儿死亡率高 另外就是退休的时候
infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的;
These people know their sense of purpose, and they activate in their life, that's worth about seven years of extra life expectancy. 这些人知道他们的生活目的感 他们生活活跃,能有7年 的额外寿命。
activate:vt.刺激;使活动;使活泼;使产生放射性;vi.激活;有活力;
There's no longevity diet. 没有长寿食品
Instead, these people drink a little bit every day, not a hard sell to the American population. 这些人每天就喝一点酒, 酒是不用强行卖给美国人的。
hard sell:adj.硬行推销的;
(Laughter) 哈哈
They tend to eat a plant-based diet. 他们常吃蔬菜食品
Doesn't mean they don't eat meat, but lots of beans and nuts. 不是说不吃肉但是吃很多豆类和坚果。
And they have strategies to keep from overeating, little things that nudge them away from the table at the right time . 他们有办法避免饮食过量, 几乎没有什么能把他们推向餐桌。
at the right time:在适当时候;
And then the foundation of all this is how they connect. 这些的根本是他们如何联系。
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立;
They put their families first, take care of their children and their aging parents. 把家庭放在第一位, 照顾孩子和年迈的父母。
They all tend to belong to a faith-based community, which is worth between four and 14 extra years of life expectancy if you do it four times a month. 他们的社区建立在诚信基础上, 这个能增加4到14年 的生命。 当然,你一月至少要做四次才可以。
faith-based:基于信仰;
And the biggest thing here is they also belong to the right tribe . 这里最重要的事情是 他们属于一个正义的群体。
tribe:n.部落;族;宗族;一伙;
They were either born into or they proactively surrounded themselves with the right people. 他们或者生在正义之家 或者是主动和正义之士呆在一起。
proactively:adv.前摄地;主动地;
We know from the Framingham studies, that if your three best friends are obese there is a 50 percent better chance that you'll be overweight . 从弗雷明翰研究中我们得知 如果你有三个好朋友都肥胖 你也有一半肥胖的可能。
obese:adj.肥胖的,过胖的; overweight:adj.超重的;过重的;vt.使负担过重;n.超重;
So, if you hang out with unhealthy people that's going to have a measurable impact over time. 所以如果你和不健康的人在一起 随时间推移会受到很大影响。
unhealthy:不健康的 impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
Instead, if your friend's idea of recreation is physical activity, bowling, or playing hockey, biking or gardening, if your friends drink a little, but not too much, 如果你朋友娱乐的主意 是体力活动,打保龄球或打曲棍球 自行车或园艺工作, 他们饮酒适量
recreation:n.娱乐;消遣;娱乐活动;游戏;
and they eat right, and they're engaged , and they're trusting and trustworthy , that is going to have the biggest impact over time. 饮食适度,他们投入工作值得信任, 最后就会对你产生最大影响。
engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式) trustworthy:adj.可靠的;可信赖的;
Diets don't work. No diet in the history of the world has ever worked for more than two percent of the population. 食物没有什么用,历史上没有一种食物 能养活2%的人口。
Exercise programs usually start in January, they're usually done by October. 练习项目通常在一月开始 十月结束。
When it comes to longevity there is no short term fix in a pill or anything else . 至于长寿, 没有药片或其他什么东西 能在短期内奏效。
pill:n.[医]药丸;药品; or anything else:或什么别的;或任何东西其他;
But when you think about it your friends are long-term adventures, and therefore, perhaps the most significant thing you can do to add more years to your life, and life to your years. Thank you very much. 但当你想到 你的朋友是长期的冒险活动时, 因此,它是你为增加寿命和让生命生机勃勃能够做的最重要 的事情 谢谢
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
(Applause) 喝彩