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DambisaMoyo_2015G-_经济成长已经停滞，让我们修正它吧！_
Our ability to create and sustain economic growth is the defining challenge of our time. 我们创造及维持经济成长的能力 是我们这个世代的关键性挑战。
sustain:v.支持;支撑;遭受;证实; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; defining:v.解释(词语)的含义;给(词语)下定义;阐明;界定;(define的现在分词)
Of course there are other challenges -- health care , disease burdens and pandemics , environmental challenges and, of course, radicalized terrorism . 当然还有其他挑战-- 卫生保健、疾病负担、流行病、 环境变迁的挑战、 但同时我们也要开始辩论
health care:n.卫生保健; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; burdens:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于; pandemics:大流行;流行病; radicalized:vt.使…激进;使…偏激;vi.激进化;成为过激论者; terrorism:n.恐怖主义;
However, to the extent that we can actually solve the economic growth challenge, it will take us a long way to solving the challenges that I've just elucidated . 然而, 以我们实际上能解决经济成长挑战的程度而言, 若要解决我刚刚说明的那些挑战, 我们还有很长的路要走。
extent:n.程度;范围;长度; elucidated:v.阐明,说明(elucidate的过去式);
More importantly, unless and until we solve economic growth and create sustainable , long-term economic growth, we'll be unable to address the seemingly intractable challenges that continue to pervade the globe today, whether it's health care, education or economic development. 更重要的是, 除非直到我们解决并创造了 稳定、永续的经济成长, 否则我们将不能解决看起来很棘手、 如今仍弥漫全球的挑战, 不管是卫生保健、教育或经济发展。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来; intractable:adj.棘手的;难治的;倔强的;不听话的; pervade:vt.遍及;弥漫;
The fundamental question is this: 最基本的问题是:
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
How are we going to create economic growth in advanced and developed economies like the United States and across Europe at a time when they continue to struggle to create economic growth after the financial crisis ? 我们要如何 在高度发达的经济体,像美国和欧洲, 在他们经历金融危后, 现仍持续挣扎的状况下,
advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
They continue to underperform and to see an erosion in the three key drivers of economic growth: capital, labor and productivity . 他们持续表现得不如预期, 而且还可以看出在经济成长的三大要素上出现了衰败现象: 资本、劳动力、生产力。
underperform:v.表现不佳; erosion:n.侵蚀,腐蚀; productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力;
In particular , these developed economies continue to see debts and deficits , the decline and erosion of both the quality and quantity of labor and they also see productivity stalling . 特别是, 那些发达的经济体中,持续有负债、财政赤字、 劳动力质量与数量上的下降与侵蚀、 同时也看到生产力停滞现象。
In particular:尤其,特别; debts:n.负债类,债务(debt的复数形式); deficits:n.[财政]赤字,亏损(deficit的复数形式); decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降; quantity:n.量;数量;大量;数额; stalling:n.[航]失速,停转;v.把牲畜关进畜舍;使…熄火;停顿(stall的现在分词);
In a similar vein , how are we going to create economic growth in the emerging markets, where 90 percent of the world's population lives and where, on average,70 percent of the population is under the age of 25? 同样的脉络下, 我们要如何在 拥有 90% 世界人口居住的地方 且 70% 人口平均年龄在 25 岁以下的新兴市场中
vein:n.血管;叶脉;[地质]岩脉;纹理;翅脉;性情;vt.使成脉络;象脉络般分布于; emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) under the age of:在年龄之下;16岁以下;
In these countries, it is essential that they grow at a minimum of seven percent a year in order to put a dent in poverty and to double per capita incomes in one generation. 在这些国家中, 至少要 7% 的年增长率 才能减少贫困现象 以及让人均资本所得可在一个世代的时间内加倍成长。
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的; dent:n.凹痕;[名]登特;v.使…凹陷;破坏; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; per capita:adj.每人的;人均的;
And yet today, the largest emerging economies -- countries with at least 50 million people -- continue to struggle to reach that seven percent magic mark. 但如今, 最大的新兴经济体 --人口至少5000万的国家-- 仍在为那 7% 的「魔法数字」挣扎着。
Worse than that, countries like India, Russia, South Africa, Brazil and even China are falling below that seven percent number and, in many cases, actually regressing . 更糟的是, 像印度、俄罗斯、南非、巴西,甚至是中国这些国家, 现今已低于 7% 这个数字, 而且,很多国家实际上正在倒退。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); regressing:退化;
Economic growth matters. 经济成长是十分重要的。
With economic growth, countries and societies enter into a virtuous cycle of upward mobility , opportunity and improved living standards . 有了经济成长, 国家及社会才会进入一个良性循环, 包含社会经济地位的上升、就業机会及改善生活水平。
enter into:进入;讨论;成为…的一部分;研讨;分享;体谅; virtuous:adj.善良的;有道德的;贞洁的;正直的;有效力的; upward:adj.向上的;上升的;adv.向上; mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式) standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
Without growth, countries contract and atrophy , not just in the annals of economic statistics but also in the meaning of life and how lives are lived. 没有增长,国家会紧缩与衰退, 不仅是年度经济统计数字, 还包括生命的意义与生活的品质。
contract:v.收缩;感染;订约;n.合同;婚约; atrophy:n.萎缩,萎缩症;发育停止;vi.萎缩;虚脱; annals:n.年报;编年史;年鉴; statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
Economic growth matters powerfully for the individual . 经济成长对个人也十分的重要。
powerfully:adv.强大地;强烈地;非常; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
If growth wanes , the risk to human progress and the risk of political and social instability rises, and societies become dimmer , coarser and smaller. 一旦成长的趋势衰退, 人类进步的风险、 以及政局和社会不稳定的风险就会上升, 而社会就会更加黑暗、动荡与渺小。
wanes:vi.衰落;变小;亏缺;退潮;消逝;n.衰退;月亏;衰退期;缺损; instability:n.不稳定(性);基础薄弱;不安定; dimmer:n.[车辆]调光器;光暗掣;衰减器; coarser:adj.粗糙的;粗俗的;下等的(coarse的变形);
The context matters. 环境条件很重要。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
And countries in emerging markets do not need to grow at the same rates as developed countries. 新兴市场的国家, 不需要像已开发国家那样的成长率。
Now, I know some of you in this room find this to be a risky proposition . 现在,我知道在场有些人会觉得我接来说的是个大胆的论点。
proposition:n.提议;待处理的问题;任务;(美国)法律修正议案;见解;命题;v.向...提议;
There are some people here who will turn around and be quite disillusioned by what's happened around the world and basically ascribe that to economic growth. 这里有些人, 会转身过去不理会并对世界周遭发生的事情 不抱任何希望, 且基本上,还把罪怪在经济成长上。
disillusioned:adj.醒悟的; v.使幻想破灭(disillusion的过去分词); basically:adv.主要地,基本上; ascribe:vt.归因于;归咎于;
You worry about the overpopulation of the planet. 你担心地球上人口过剩,
overpopulation:n.人口过剩;
And looking at the UN's recent statistics and projections that the world will have 11 billion people on the planet before it plateaus in 2100, you're concerned about what that does to natural resources -- arable land, potable water, energy and minerals . 并看着联合国最近的统计及规划, 了解到地球会在公元 2100 年以前 来到 110 亿的人口数量, 你担心这对自然资源会造成甚么样的冲击-- 可耕种的土地、可饮用的水资源、能源、矿产。
projections:n.预测;设想;投影;投影图;(projection的复数) plateaus:n.高原;[地理]台地;停滞时期; concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); arable:adj.适于耕种的;可开垦的;n.耕地; potable:n.饮料(常复数);adj.适于饮用的; minerals:n.矿物;矿产,矿产品(mineral的复数);矿物质;
You are also concerned about the degradation of the environment. 你也担心环境的恶化。
degradation:n.退化;降格,降级;堕落;
And you worry about how man, embodied in the corporate globalist , has become greedy and corrupt . 你也会担心, 人们在支持企業全球化的体现, 怎么变得这么贪婪与腐败。
embodied:v.呈现(embody的过去式及过去分词形式);具体表达; corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; globalist:n.支持全球主义者; greedy:adj.贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的; corrupt:v.损坏;破坏;使腐化;使堕落;adj.贪污的;受贿的;腐败的;营私舞弊的;
But I'm here to tell you today that economic growth has been the backbone of changes in living standards of millions of people around the world. 但我今天要告诉各位, 经济成长已经成为 全世界好几百万人改变生活水平的骨干。
backbone:n.支柱;主干网;决心,毅力;脊椎;
And more importantly, it's not just economic growth that has been driven by capitalism . 而且更重要的是, 经济成长并不是只被资本主义所主导。
capitalism:n.资本主义;
The definition of capitalism, very simply put, is that the factors of production, such as trade and industry, capital and labor, are left in the hands of the private sector and not the state. 资本主义的定义,简单的说, 就是那些生产力因素, 像是,贸易、工業、资本和劳动力, 掌握在私人企業而非国家手上的部分。
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; in the hands of:由…掌握;在…掌握中; private sector:n.(国家经济的)私营部分;
It's really essential here that we understand that fundamentally the critique is not for economic growth per se but what has happened to capitalism. 在这里很重要的一点,我们要知道, 基本上应该被指责的不是经济成长本身, 而是资本主义出了甚么问题。
fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地 critique:n.评论文章;评论;v.写评论;对…发表评论;评判; per se:adv.本身;本质上;
And to the extent that we need to create economic growth over the long term, we're going to have to pursue it with a better form of economic stance . 所以若考量到我们长期需要创造经济成长率的广度, 我们就要用比较好的经济角度方式去追寻它。
pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠; stance:n.立场;姿态;位置;准备击球姿势;
Economic growth needs capitalism, but it needs it to work properly. 经济成长需要资本主义, 但要好好地进行。
And as I mentioned a moment ago, the core of the capitalist system has been defined by private actors. 正如我稍早提过的, 资本主义系统的核心已被定义为以私人企業所主导。
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; capitalist:n.资本家;资本主义者;adj.资本主义的;资本家的; defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确;
And even this, however, is a very simplistic dichotomy . 然而,即使这只是很简单的二分法。
simplistic:adj.过分简单化的;过分单纯化的; dichotomy:n.二分法;两分;分裂;双歧分枝;
Capitalism: good; non-capitalism: bad. 资本主义:好;非资本主义:不好。
When in practical experience, capitalism is much more of a spectrum . 但以实务操作而言, 资本主义像是个光谱。（资本的分配有很多种方式）
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
And we have countries such as China, which have practiced more state capitalism, and we have countries like the Unites States which are more market capitalist. 我们有像是中国这类的国家, 实施的资本主义较倾向于「国家」主导。 也有像美国这类的国家, 实施的资本主义较倾向于「市场」主导。
Unites:联合;合并;
Our efforts to critique the capitalist system, however, have tended to focus on countries like China that are in fact not blatantly market capitalism. 然而,我们对资本主义的批评 大部分是针对像中国那种 摆明不是纯市场资本主义的国家。
blatantly:adv.公然地;喧闹地;看穿了地;
However, there is a real reason and real concern for us to now focus our attentions on purer forms of capitalism, particularly those embodied by the United States. 然而,我们有一个真正的理由及真正要注意的地方就是 现在要把注意力放在有较单纯架构的资本主义上面, 特别是那些由美国体现出来的资本主义。
attentions:n.注意;注意事项;兴趣;(attention的复数) particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
This is really important because this type of capitalism has increasingly been afforded the critique that it is now fostering corruption and, worse still, it's increasing income inequality -- the idea that the few are benefiting at the expense of the many. 这真的很重要, 因为这类的资本主义, 它正在孳生腐败, 批判的声音不断地增加, 而更糟的是, 收入不公平的现象一直在持续扩大-- 也就是少数人享受着多数人劳动成果的问题。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; afforded:vt.给予,提供;买得起; fostering:v.促进;助长;培养;鼓励;抚育;(foster的现在分词) corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落; at the expense of:以…为代价;由…支付费用;
The two really critical questions that we need to address is how can we fix capitalism so that it can help create economic growth but at the same time can help to address social ills. 有两个真正的关键我们需要解决, 就是,我们要如何修正资本主义, 让它可以幫助创造经济成长, 同时幫助解决社会弊端。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
In order to think about that framing , we have to ask ourselves, how does capitalism work today? 为了要思考这个架构,我们必须问我们自己, 现今的资本主义是如何运作的？
framing:v.给…做框;作伪证陷害;制订;拟订;n.框架;结构;骨骼;(frame的现在分词)
Very simplistically , capitalism is set on the basis of an individual utility maximizer -- a selfish individual who goes after what he or she wants. 非常简单, 资本主义是架构在个人利益最大化上-- 让一个谋私利的个体去追寻他或她想要的。
simplistically:adv.(过分)简单化地; on the basis of:根据;基于…; utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的;
And only after they've maximized their utility do they then decide it's important to provide support to other social contracts . 也唯有在他们的利益获得最大化后, 他们才会去认真思考, 提供援助履行「社会契约」的重要性。
maximized:v.最大化(maximize的过去式); contracts:n.[经]合同; v.使收缩;
Of course, in this system governments do tax, and they use part of their revenues to fund social programs, recognizing that government's role is not just regulation but also to be arbiter of social goods. 当然,在这系统下,政府会抽税, 然后再用部分的税收来提供社会福利, 为的是让人民知道,政府的角色不是只有立法管理, 同时也扮演了社会福利仲裁者的角色。
revenues:n.[会计]收入;税收;[会计]收益;营业收入(revenue的复数形式); recognizing:v.认识;认出;承认;接受,赞成(recognize的现在分词) regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的; arbiter:n.[法]仲裁者;裁决人;
But nevertheless , this framework -- this two-stage framework -- is the basis from which we must now start to think about how we can improve the capitalist model. 但尽管如此, 这个框架结构-- 这两个阶段的框架结构-- 是我们现在必须开始思考 要如何改善资本主义模式的基础。
nevertheless:adv.然而,不过;虽然如此;conj.然而,不过; two-stage:n.两级;双级;adj.二级的;
I would argue that there are two sides to this challenge. 我认为这个挑战有两方面。
First of all , we can draw on the right-wing policies to see what could be beneficial for us to think about how we can improve capitalism. 首先, 我们可以借鉴右翼政策, 去看看对我们有甚么利益 去思考如何改善资本主义。
First of all:adv.首先; right-wing:adj.右翼的;右派的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) beneficial:adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的;
In particular, right-leaning policies have tended to focus on things like conditional transfers , where we pay and reward people for doing the things that we actually think can help enhance economic growth. 特别是, 右倾的政策 已经倾向专注于像是「条件式补助」的事情上, 就是我们支付并奖励人民进行 那些我们认为可以幫助经济成长的事。
right-leaning:右倾的; conditional:adj.有条件的;假定的;n.条件句;条件语; transfers:n.[电子][计]传输(tansfer的复数); v.[计]转移; reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏; enhance:v.提高;增强;增进;
For example, sending children to school, parents could earn money for that, or getting their children inoculated or immunized , parents could get paid for doing that. 例如, 送小孩上学, 父母可以得到补助酬赏, 或者让他们的孩子注射疫苗, 父母可以因此得到酬赏,
inoculated:adj.接种过的; v.给…做注射预防针; immunized:adj.免疫的;v.使免疫(immunize的过去式,过去分词形式);
Now, quite apart from the debate on whether or not we should be paying people to do what we think they should do anyway, the fact of the matter is that pay for performance has actually yielded some positive results in places like Mexico, in Brazil and also in pilot programs in New York. 现在,不用去争论 我们是否应该提供酬赏 支付给父母亲做他们本来就应该做的事, 真正重要的事实是,这种酬赏的实行 已经产生一些正向的结果, 像是在墨西哥这个地方、 在巴西, 以及在纽约试办的计画。
debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; whether or not:是否…; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; yielded:v.出产(作物);提供;屈服;让步;放弃;(yield的过去分词和过去式) positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
But there are also benefits and significant changes underway on left-leaning policies. 但在左倾政策上也有一些福利政策及显着的变革正在进行。
significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; underway:adj.进行中的;起步的;航行中的;n.[公路]水底通道; left-leaning:adj.左倾的;
Arguments that government should expand its role and responsibility so that it's not so narrowly defined and that government should be much more of an arbiter of the factors of production have become commonplace with the success of China. 他们的论点是:政府应该扩大它的角色及责任, 让它不再是那么狭隘地被旧思维所定义, 而是要让政府扮演生产力要素的仲裁者角色, 而这些论点在中国已经是司空见惯的成功模式。
expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; narrowly:adv.仔细地;勉强地;狭窄地;严密地; commonplace:n.老生常谈;司空见惯的事;普通的东西;adj.平凡的;陈腐的;
But also we've started to have debates about how the role of the private sector should move away from just being a profit motive and really be more engaged in the delivery of social programs. 但同时我们也要开始辩论 有关于私人企業该扮演的角色 应该跳脱只顾营利的动机, 而真正地更加投入社会计画。
debates:n.[法]辩论;讨论(debate的复数);v.[法]辩论;讨论(debate的三单形式); profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益; motive:n.动机; adj.发动的; v.同"motivate"; engaged in:从事于;忙于; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送;
Things like the corporate social responsibility programs, albeit small in scale , are moving in that right direction. 像是企業的社会责任计画, 即使规模不大, 也是往正确的方向在进行。
albeit:conj.虽然;即使; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
Of course, left-leaning policies have also tended to blur the lines between government, NGOs and private sector. 当然,左倾政策也已经模糊了, 政府与非政府组织及私人企業的界线。
blur:v.涂污;使…模糊不清;使暗淡;玷污;n.污迹;模糊不清的事物;
Two very good examples of this are the 19th-century United States, when the infrastructure rollout was really about public-private partnerships . 这个概念有两个很好的例子,一个是 19 世纪的美国, 当时推出的基础设施计划 真的就是「公办私营」的伙伴关系。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; rollout:n.首次展示;[航]滑跑(飞机着陆时在跑道上滑跑减速的阶段); partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数)
More recently , of course, the advent of the Internet has also proven to the world that public and private can work together for the betterment of society. 更近一点,当然, 网际网路的出现,已经向世界证明 公众与私人是可以一起合作改善社会。
recently:adv.最近;新近; advent:n.到来;出现;基督降临;基督降临节; betterment:n.改善,改进;改良;涨价;
My fundamental message to you is this: 我要给各位传达的基本讯息就是:
We cannot continue to try and solve the world economic growth challenges by being dogmatic and being unnecessarily ideological . 我们不能藉由固执己见或坚持不必要的意识形态来 继续尝试并解决世界经济成长的挑战。
dogmatic:adj.教条的;武断的; unnecessarily:adv.不必要地;多余地; ideological:adj.思想的;意识形态的;
In order to create sustainable, long-term economic growth and solve the challenges and social ills that continue to plague the world today, we're going to have to be more broad-minded about what might work. 为了创造稳定长期的经济成长, 并解决挑战与现今持续弥漫在全球的社会问题, 我们必须要有更包容的心胸 了解甚么是可行的。
plague:n.瘟疫;灾祸;麻烦;讨厌的人;vt.折磨;使苦恼;使得灾祸; broad-minded:adj.心胸开阔的;气量大的;
Ultimately , we have to recognize that ideology is the enemy of growth. 最后, 我们必须要认清意识形态是成长的敌人。
Ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; ideology:n.意识形态;思想意识;观念学;
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）
Bruno Giussani: I want to ask a couple of questions, Dambisa, because one could react to your last sentence by saying growth is also an ideology, it's possibly the dominant ideology of our times. 我想要问一些问题,丹碧莎 因为有人可以对你最后一句话做回应, 就是,成长的本身也是一种意识形态, 它可能就是我们这一世代最主要的意识形态,
react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应; dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性;
What do you say to those who react that way? 如果有人这么回应,你要怎么回答？
What do you say:你说…怎么样？;
DM: Well, I think that that's completely legitimate , and I think that we're already having that discussion. DM:好的,我认为这完全合理, 我认为我们已经讨论过,
legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize);
There's a lot of work going on around happiness and other metrics being used for measuring people's success and improvements in living standards. 针对幸福这件事还有很多工作要做, 而且,还要其他的测量方式可以衡量人们的成功, 以及生活水平的改善。
metrics:n.度量;作诗法;韵律学; improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数)
And so I think that we should be open to what could deliver improvements in people's living standards and continue to reduce poverty around the world. 所以,我认为我们应该敞开心胸, 讨论做甚么事可以增进人类的生活水平, 并且持续减少世界上的贫穷现象。
BG: So you're basically pleading for rehabilitating growth, but the only way for that happen without compromising the capacity of the earth, to take us on a long journey , is for economic growth somehow to decouple from the underlying use of resources. BG:所以,基本上,你是在为「回复成长」辩护, 但是唯一 能带领我们走向不牺牲掉地球利益的 长期发展之路, 就是要让经济成长 与某一种「资源的潜在利用方式」脱钩。
pleading:n.恳求;答辩;辩论,诉状;adj.恳求的;v.辩护(plead的ing形式); rehabilitating:v.使康复;使恢复正常;恢复…的名誉;恢复原状;(rehabilitate的现在分词) compromising:adj.有失体面的; v.妥协; (compromise的现在分词) capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; decouple:vt.减弱震波;n.[电]去耦; underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词)
Do you see that happening? 你认为这会发生吗？
DM: Well, I think that I'm more optimistic about human ability and ingenuity . DM:恩,我认为我对人类的能力与智慧是持比较乐观的看法。
optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的; ingenuity:n.心灵手巧,独创性;精巧;精巧的装置;
I think if we start to constrain ourselves using the finite , scarce and depleting resources that we know today, we could get quite negative and quite concerned about the way the world is. 我想,如果我们开始 约束自己使用我们今日所知道的有限、稀有、耗尽中的资源, 我们就会变得相当负面(对经济成长) 而且相当担心世界会变如何。
constrain:v.约束;限制;强迫;强制; finite:adj.有限的;限定的;n.有限之物; scarce:adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;adj.缺乏的;不足的;稀少的; depleting:v.用尽,耗尽;使减少(deplete的ing形式); negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
However, we've seen the Club of Rome, we've seen previous claims that the world would be running out of resources, and it's not to argue that those things are not valid . 然而,我们已经看到罗马俱乐部, 我们已经看到之前的声明, 全世界的资源会被消耗殆尽, 不用去争论这些事情不可能。
previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前; claims:v.宣称; n.声明; (claim的第三人称单数和复数) valid:adj.有效的;有根据的;合法的;正当的;
But I think, with ingenuity we could see desalination , 但我想,我们可以用智慧去慢慢减少资源的使用。
desalination:n.脱盐作用;减少盐分;
I think we could reinvest in energy, so that we can actually get better outcomes . 我想,我们可以再投资到能源上面, 如此我们就可以得到更好的结果。
reinvest:vt.再投资于;再授给;vi.再投资; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
And so in that sense, 所以在这概念底下,
I'm much more optimistic about what humans can do. 对人类可以怎么做,我是持比较乐观的看法。
BG: The thing that strikes me about your proposals for rehabilitating growth and taking a different direction is that you're kind of suggesting to fix capitalism with more capitalism -- BG:有件事让我印象深刻, 就是有关于妳对回复经济成长的提议, 里面提到了一个不一样的方向, 你好像建议用更多的资本主义去修正资本主义,
proposals:n.建议书(Proposal的复数);求婚;
with putting a price tag on good behavior as incentive or developing a bigger role for business in social issues . 像是,在「好的行为」上放上一个价格标签做为诱因, 或者在社会议题上,让企業扮演一个更大的角色,
price tag:n.价格标签; incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Is that what you're suggesting? 这是妳建议的吗？
DM: I'm suggesting we have to be open-minded . DM:我是建议,我们必须要开阔心胸。
open-minded:adj.虚心的;思想开明的;无偏见的;
I think it is absolutely the case that traditional models of economic growth are not working the way we would like them to. 我想这绝对是一个问题, 就是,传统的经济成长模式 已经无法达到我们要它达成的目标。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; traditional:传统的,惯例的,
And I think it's no accident that today the largest economy in the world, the United States, has democracy , liberal democracy , as it's core political stance and it has free market capitalism -- to the extent that it is free -- free market capitalism as its economic stance. 我想,这并不意外, 现今,世界最大的经济体,美国, 有民主、 自由民主,作为它的核心政治立场, 它还有自由的市场资本主义-- 某种程度上,它是自由的-- 自由的市场资本主义是它的经济立场。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人; free market:自由市场;
The second largest economy is China. 第二大经济体是中国。
It has deprioritized democracy and it has state capitalism, which is a completely different model. 它有民主非优先顺位的发展制度, 它有国家资本主义,完全是不一样的模式。
These two countries, completely different political models and completely different economic models, and yet they have the same income inequality number measured as a Gini coefficient . 这两个国家,是完全不同的政治模式, 完全不一样的经济模式, 当然,他们一样有收入不平等的现象 是根据基尼系数所量测出来的。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式) coefficient:n.[数]系数;率;协同因素;adj.合作的;共同作用的;
I think those are the debates we should have, because it's not clear at all what model we should be adopting , and I think there needs to be much more discourse and much more humility about what we know and what we don't know. 我想,这些就是我们应该要辩论的地方, 因为我们仍不清楚, 该采取哪一种模式, 我想,仍需有更多不同论述, 以及更多的谦卑之心来面对我们所了解及或不了解的事情。
adopting:v.收养;领养;采用;表决采纳;(adopt的现在分词) discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲;vi.演说;谈论;讲述;vt.说出;演奏出; humility:n.谦卑,谦逊;
BG: One last question. The COP21 is going on in Paris. BG:最后一个问题,联合国气候变化大会即将在巴黎举行。
If you could send a tweet to all the heads of state and heads of delegations there, what would you say? 如果妳可以传送一条推特讯息 给在那边的所有国家领袖及代表团团长, 妳会跟他们说甚么？
delegations:委托;代表团;
DM: Again, I would be very much about being open-minded. DM:我在说明一次,我很希望大家敞开心胸讨论。
As you're aware, the issues around the environmental concerns have been on the agenda many times now -- in Copenhagen , '72 in Stockholm -- and we keep revisiting these issues 你应该知道的, 围绕在关怀环境的议题上 已经在议程上被提出来很多次-- 72年在哥本哈根,斯德哥尔摩,举办的联合国人类环境大会-- 我们持续关注这些议题,
concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式); agenda:n.议事日程; Copenhagen:n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都); Stockholm:n.斯德哥尔摩(瑞典首都); revisiting:v.再访;重游;重提;再次讨论;(revisit的现在分词)
partly because there is not a fundamental agreement, in fact there's a schism between what the developed countries believe and want and what emerging market countries want. 部分原因是,根本没有基本的共识协议, 事实上,仍有分歧的意见, 介于已开发国家的信仰与希望 及新兴市场国家的希望。
schism:n.分裂;分裂教会罪;
Emerging market countries need to continue to create economic growth so that we don't have political uncertainty in the those countries. 新兴市场国家想要持续的经济成长, 这里面我们没有政治不确定性的国家。
uncertainty:n.不确定,不可靠;
Developed countries recognize that they have a real, important responsibility not only just to manage their CO2 emissions and some of the degradation that they're contributing to the world, but also as trendsetters in RD. 已发展国家承认, 它们真的有很重大的责任, 要负责二氧化碳排放量的管理、 还有扛起他们对全世界所造成破坏的责任, 但也包含带领全球研发的潮流。
emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词) trendsetters:n.领导流行的人;
And so they have to come to the table as well. 所以,他们也必须要上桌讨论。
But in essence , it cannot be a situation where we start ascribing policies to the emerging markets without developed countries themselves also taking quite a swipe at what they're doing both in demand and supply in developed markets. 但大体上,不会有一种状况就是... 我们一开始就归咎新兴市场的政策却不讨论已开发国家本身的政策, 然后还猛烈抨击他们 在已开发市场的供需问题上所做的一切。
in essence:本质上;其实;大体上; ascribing:vt.归因于;归咎于; swipe:vt.猛击;偷窃;刷…卡;n.猛击;尖刻的话;vi.猛打;大口喝酒;
BG: Dambisa, thank you for coming to TED. DM: Thank you very much. BG:丹碧莎,谢谢妳来 TED ,DM:非常谢谢你。
(Applause)