返回首页

DambisaMoyo_2013G-_中国是新兴国家经济的偶像吗_
'"Give me liberty or give me death." “不自由,毋宁死”
liberty:n.自由;许可;冒失;
When Patrick Henry, the governor of Virginia , said these words in 1775, he could never have imagined just how much they would come to resonate with American generations to come. 当弗吉尼亚州州长帕特里克·亨利(Patrick Henry) 在1775 年说出这些话时, 他根本没有想到 这句话会和后代的美国人 产生多少共鸣。
Virginia:adj.弗吉尼亚州的; resonate:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振;
At the time, these words were earmarked and targeted against the British, but over the last 200 years, they've come to embody what many Westerners believe, that freedom is the most cherished value, 当时,这些词专门 针对英国人, 但过去 200 年来,这句话开始体现出 许多西方人的信仰, 那就是言论自由价值万千,
earmarked:v.指定…的用途;预先安排,确定;(earmark的过去式和过去分词) embody:v.具体表现,体现,代表(思想或品质);包括; Westerners:n.西方人(westerner的复数); cherished:adj.珍爱的;珍视的;珍视;珍爱;珍藏的;
and that the best systems of politics and economics have freedom embedded in them. 而且,最好的政治制度与经济体制 一定有自由的元素嵌入其中。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
Who could blame them? 谁能责怪他们呢?
Over the past hundred years, the combination of liberal democracy and private capitalism has helped to catapult the United States and Western countries to new levels of economic development. 在过去几百年中, 自由民主和私人资本主义的组合 帮助了美国和西方国家 迅速崛起, 迅速崛起,
combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; capitalism:n.资本主义; catapult:n.弹弓; v.用弹弓射; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
In the United States over the past hundred years, incomes have increased 30 times, and hundreds of thousands of people have been moved out of poverty . 过去几百年中, 美国人的收入增加了 30 倍, 有數十萬人, 脱离了贫困。
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
Meanwhile , American ingenuity and innovation has helped to spur industrialization and also helped in the creation and the building of things like household appliances such as refrigerators and televisions, motor vehicles and even the mobile phones in your pockets. 与此同时,美国的独创性和创新精神 帮助推动了产业化 同时也有助发明和创造 家电一类的产品 比如冰箱、 电视、 小汽车,甚至你口袋中的手机。
Meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时; ingenuity:n.心灵手巧,独创性;精巧;精巧的装置; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; spur:v.刺激;激励;促进;鞭策;n.刺激;激励;鞭策;靴刺; industrialization:n.工业化; creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的; appliances:n.(家用)电器,器具;(appliance的复数) vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
It's no surprise, then, that even at the depths of the private capitalism crisis , 这一切都毫不令人意外,而后, 即使在私人资本主义危机深重的时候
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
President Obama said, "The question before us is not whether the market is a force for good or ill. 奥巴马总统都说道: 我们面前的问题不在于市场 是正面还是负面的力量。
Its power to generate wealth and to expand freedom is unmatched ." 市场创造财富,扩展自由 的力量是无与伦比的。
generate:v.产生;引起; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; unmatched:adj.无与伦比的;不相配的;无匹敌的;
Thus, there's understandably a deep-seated presumption among Westerners that the whole world will decide to adopt private capitalism as the model of economic growth, liberal democracy, and will continue to prioritize political rights over economic rights. 因此,人们可以理解 这个在西方人脑海中根深蒂固的观念, 全世界都会采取 私人资本主义作为经济增长的模式, 采纳自由民主,并将持续 优先选择获得政治权利而非经济利益。
understandably:adv.可理解地; deep-seated:adj.深层的;根深蒂固的;深位的; presumption:n.放肆,傲慢;推测; adopt:v.采取;接受;收养;正式通过; prioritize:v.按重要性排列;划分优先顺序;优先处理;
However, to many who live in the emerging markets, this is an illusion , and even though the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was signed in 1948, was unanimously adopted , what it did was to mask a schism 但是,对很多生活在新兴市场国家的人来说, 这是一种空想,即使 1948年签署的 《世界人权宣言》 获得了一致通过, 它所做的也是掩盖
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) illusion:n.幻觉,错觉;错误的观念或信仰; Universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; Declaration:n.宣言;宣告;宣布;公告; unanimously:adv.全体一致地; adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词); schism:n.分裂;分裂教会罪;
that has emerged between developed and developing countries, and the ideological beliefs between political and economic rights. 发达国家和发展中国家之间出现的分裂, 以及政治权利和经济利益间 不同意识形态的分裂。
emerged:v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现;暴露;露出真相;显现;(emerge的过去分词和过去式) ideological:adj.思想的;意识形态的;
This schism has only grown wider. 这个分裂不断扩大。
Today, many people who live in the emerging markets, where 90 percent of the world's population lives, believe that the Western obsession with political rights is beside the point , and what is actually important is delivering on food, shelter, education and healthcare . 今天,很多人生活在新兴国家, 占世界人口的90%, 他们不相信西方对政治权利的执着 有那么重要, 真正重要的是 政府提供食物、 住所、 教育和医疗保健。
obsession:n.痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理]强迫观念; beside the point:adv.离题,不中肯;无关紧要; healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健;
'"Give me liberty or give me death" 不自由,毋宁死
is all well and good if you can afford it, but if you're living on less than one dollar a day, you're far too busy trying to survive and to provide for your family than to spend your time going around trying to proclaim and defend democracy. 确实理想,但要在能负担的前提下才成立, 但如果你每天靠不到 1 美元收入过活, 你只会挣扎求生存 和供养家人 而不会花时间到处去 宣扬和捍卫民主。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; provide for:供养,供给;规定;为…作准备; proclaim:vt.宣告,公布;声明;表明;赞扬;
Now, I know many people in this room and around the world will think, "Well actually, this is hard to grasp ," 现在,我知道在座的很多人 以及世界各地的许多人会认为, 事实上,这很难让人接受,
grasp:n.抓住;理解;控制;v.抓住;领会;
because private capitalism and liberal democracy are held sacrosanct . 因为私人资本主义和自由民主 是神圣不可侵犯的。
sacrosanct:adj.神圣不可侵犯的;极神圣的;
But I ask you today, what would you do if you had to choose? 但我现在问你,如果要你选择 你会怎么做？
what would you do if:如果…你会怎么做？;
What if you had to choose between a roof over your head and the right to vote? 如果你必须在 有地方住 和投票的权之间做出选择,你会怎么选？
What if:如果…怎么办?
Over the last 10 years, 过去 10 年中,
I've had the privilege to travel to over 60 countries, many of them in the emerging markets, in Latin America , Asia, and my own continent of Africa. 我曾有幸到 60 多个国家旅行, 许多是新兴国家, 在拉丁美洲、 亚洲、 和我家乡非洲大陆的一些国家。
privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免; Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区); continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
I've met with presidents, dissidents , policymakers , lawyers, teachers, doctors and the man on the street, and through these conversations, it's become clear to me that many people in the emerging markets believe that there's actually a split occurring between what people believe ideologically in terms of politics and economics in the West and that which people believe in the rest of the world. 我见过总统、异议人士、 政策制定者、 律师、 教师、 医生和路人, 并通过和他们的谈话, 清楚了解到 很多新兴国家的人们 相信确有正在形成的分裂, 西方人相信的 政治经济意识形态 和世界其他地区人们相信的不一样。
dissidents:公开大唱反调者;持异议者;持不同政见者; policymakers:n.决策人;(policymaker的复数) split:v.分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解;n.劈开;裂缝;adj.劈开的; occurring:n.事件;事故;事变; ideologically:adv.思想上;意识形态上;
Now, don't get me wrong. 现在,不要误解我的意思。
I'm not saying people in the emerging markets don't understand democracy, nor am I saying that they wouldn't ideally like to pick their presidents or their leaders. 我不是说在新兴市场中的人们 不懂民主, 我也不是说在理想的情况下 他们不愿意自由选择自己的总统或领导人。
ideally:adv.理想地;观念上地;
Of course they would. 他们当然愿意。
However, I am saying that on balance, they worry more about where their living standard improvements are going to come from, and how it is their governments can deliver for them, than whether or not the government was elected by democracy. 然而若考虑各种条件, 他们会更关心 如何改善生活水平, 以及政府如何提供途径, 而不是政府 是否由民主选举产生。
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数) whether or not:是否…;
The fact of the matter is that this has become a very poignant question because there is for the first time in a long time a real challenge to the Western ideological systems of politics and economics, and this is a system that is embodied by China. 事实上, 这已经成为一个非常沈痛的问题 因为这是在很长时间内第一次 对西方政治和经济意识形态系统 的真正挑战, 这是以中国为代表的系统,
poignant:adj.尖锐的;辛酸的;深刻的;切中要害的; embodied:v.呈现(embody的过去式及过去分词形式);具体表达;
And rather than have private capitalism, they have state capitalism. 不是私人资本主义,而是国家资本主义。
Instead of liberal democracy, they have de-prioritized the democratic system. 他们不主张自由民主,并推后实行民主制度。
democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的;
And they have also decided to prioritize economic rights over political rights. 他们亦决定优先考虑 经济利益而不是政治权利。
I put it to you today that it is this system that is embodied by China that is gathering momentum amongst people in the emerging markets as the system to follow, because they believe increasingly that it is the system 我今天为你们介绍的这个 以中国为代表的系统, 得到新兴国家人民的广泛拥护 并被当成体系来遵循, 因为人们越来越相信 是这一体系
momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力; amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among); increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
that will promise the best and fastest improvements in living standards in the shortest period of time. 保证在最短时间内最好最快地改进 人们的生活标准。
standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
If you will indulge me, I will spend a few moments explaining to you first why economically they've come to this belief. 如果大家允许的话,我会花几分钟 先向大家解释 为什么在经济上他们有这信念。
indulge:v.沉湎,沉迷,沉溺(于…);放纵;听任; economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地;
First of all , it's China's economic performance over the past 30 years. 首要因素是中国在过去三十年 的经济表现。
First of all:adv.首先; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
She's been able to produce record economic growth and meaningfully move many people out of poverty, specifically putting a meaningful dent in poverty by moving over 300 million people out of indigence. 中国已经能够产生创纪录的经济增长 并卓有成效地使许多人摆脱了贫困, 特别在消除贫困方面打开了缺口 使得超过 3 亿人 脱离了贫穷。
meaningfully:adv.有意义地;意味深长地;有意图地; specifically:adv.特别地;明确地;
It's not just in economics, but it's also in terms of living standards. 变化不仅发生在经济上, 同时也发生在生活水平的变化上。
We see that in China, 28 percent of people had secondary school access. 我们看到,过去在中国,只有28%的人口 接受中学教育。
secondary school:中等学校;
Today, it's closer to 82 percent. 今天,这一数字接近于 82%。
So in its totality , economic improvement has been quite significant . 所以总体上经济改善的成果 已经相当明显。
totality:n.[天]全食;全体;总数; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物;
Second, China has been able to meaningfully improve its income inequality without changing the political construct . 其次,中国已能 在不改变政治结构的前提下 卓有成效地改善收入不平等的问题。
construct:v.建造;创建;建筑;修建;n.概念;构筑物;结构体;建造物;
Today, the United States and China are the two leading economies in the world. 今天,美国和中国 是世界上两个主要的经济体。
economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
They have vastly different political systems and different economic systems, one with private capitalism, another one broadly with state capitalism. 他们有着极其不同的政治制度 和经济制度, 一个奉行私人资本主义 另一个广泛地践行着国家资本主义。
vastly:adv.极大地;广大地;深远地; broadly:adv.明显地;宽广地;概括地;露骨地;粗鄙地;
However, these two countries have the identical GINI Coefficient , which is a measure of income equality. 然而,这两个国家 有相同的基尼系数, 基尼系数反应收入平等的状况。
identical:adj.同一的;完全相同的;n.完全相同的事物; Coefficient:n.[数]系数;率;协同因素;adj.合作的;共同作用的;
Perhaps what is more disturbing is that China's income equality has been improving in recent times, whereas that of the United States has been declining . 也许令人感到更加不安的是 中国的收入平等状况 最近以来一直在改善, 而美国的情况 却一直在恶化。
disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词) improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词) whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; declining:v.减少;下降;衰弱;谢绝;婉言拒绝;(decline的现在分词)
Thirdly, people in the emerging markets look at China's amazing and legendary infrastructure rollout . 再次,新兴国家的人们 惊讶于中国如神话传说般的 基础设施建设。
legendary:adj.传说的,传奇的;n.传说集;圣徒传; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; rollout:n.首次展示;[航]滑跑(飞机着陆时在跑道上滑跑减速的阶段);
This is not just about China building roads and ports and railways in her own country -- she's been able to build 85,000 kilometers of road network in China and surpass that of the United States -- but even if you look to places like Africa, 这不单指中国 在自己国家建设的 道路、港口、铁路—— 中国已经建造了 85,000 公里长的 国内公路网 并超越了美国建造的总长度 但就算看看像非洲这样的地方,
surpass:v.超越;胜过,优于;非…所能办到或理解;
China has been able to help tar the distance of Cape Town to Cairo , which is 9,000 miles, or three times the distance of New York to California. 中国已经帮助非洲铺设了从开普敦到开罗 那么长距离的沥青路, 长度是 9000 英里, 或者说是从纽约到加利福尼亚州距离的三倍。
tar:n.焦油;柏油;水手;vt.涂以焦油;玷污; Cape:n.披肩;披风;短斗篷;地角; Cairo:开罗(埃及首都)
Now this is something that people can see and point to. 这是人们看得到摸得着的事物。
Perhaps it's no surprise that in a 2007 Pew survey, when surveyed , 也许这并不令人意外 在 2007 年的皮尤调查中,
surveyed:v.调查,俯视(survey的过去式和过去分词形式);考察,调研;
Africans in 10 countries said they thought that the Chinese were doing amazing things to improve their livelihoods by wide margins , by as much as 98 percent. 来自10 个非洲国家的受访者说: 他们认为,中国建设者们做了 一些令人称奇的事来提高非洲人的生活水平 提升幅度之大,达到 98%之高。
livelihoods:n.赚钱謀生的手段;生计;(livelihood的复数) margins:n.边缘; v.给…镶边; (margin的复数)
Finally , China is also providing innovative solutions to age-old social problems that the world faces. 最后,中国还提供创新方案 来解决世界面临的根深蒂固的社会问题。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; age-old:adj.古老的;由来已久的;
If you travel to Mogadishu, Mexico City or Mumbai, you find that dilapidated infrastructure and logistics continue to be a stumbling block to the delivery of medicine and healthcare in the rural areas. 如果你到摩加迪沙(索马里首都)、 墨西哥城或孟买旅行 你会发现那些破旧不堪的基础设施和物流 仍是发展偏远地区 卫生保健的 一个绊脚石。
dilapidated:adj.荒废的,要塌似的;破坏的;v.变得荒废(dilapidate的过去分词); logistics:n.[军]后勤;后勤学;物流; stumbling block:障碍物;绊脚石; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
However, through a network of state-owned enterprises, the Chinese have been able to go into these rural areas, using their companies to help deliver on these healthcare solutions. 然而,通过国营企业通力合作 并藉国籍企业之便, 中国已经能够走进这些农村地区, 协助解决当地的医药卫生问题。
state-owned:adj.国有的;国营的;州立的;
Ladies and gentlemen, it's no surprise that around the world, people are pointing at what China is doing and saying, "I like that. I want that. 女士们先生们,这并不令人意外 在全世界各地,人们都在谈论中国的所作所为, 我喜欢那样的。我想要那样的。
I want to be able to do what China's doing. 我想做中国做的事情。
That is the system that seems to work." 中国的体制看来是行得通的"。
I'm here to also tell you that there are lots of shifts occurring around what China is doing in the democratic stance . 说到这,我还要告诉你们, 随着中国目前的发展, 对民主的观点 也产生了许多变化。
shifts:n.转移; v.转移; (shift的第三人称单数) stance:n.立场;姿态;位置;准备击球姿势;
In particular , there is growing doubt among people in the emerging markets, when people now believe that democracy is no longer to be viewed as a prerequisite for economic growth. 尤其是,在新兴市场国家 有越来越多人的怀疑, 这是因为目前,民主制度 不再被视为 经济发展的先决条件。
In particular:尤其,特别; prerequisite:n.先决条件;adj.首要必备的;
In fact, countries like Taiwan, Singapore, Chile, not just China, have shown that actually, it's economic growth that is a prerequisite for democracy. 事实上,不只是中国,像台湾、 新加坡、 智利等 实际上都证实了这点, 经济增长,是民主的 一个先决条件。
In a recent study, the evidence has shown that income is the greatest determinant of how long a democracy can last. 在最近的研究中,有迹象显示 收入是决定民主持续时间的 最大因素。
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; determinant:adj.决定性的;n.决定因素;[数]行列式;
The study found that if your per capita income is about 1,000 dollars a year, your democracy will last about eight and a half years. 研究发现,如果一国的人均收入 是大约 1000 美元一年, 其民主政体将持续约八年半。
per capita:adj.每人的;人均的;
If your per capita income is between 2,000 and 4,000 dollars per year, then you're likely to only get 33 years of democracy. 如果一国人均收入在 每年2000 至 4000 美元 可能会有33 年的民主。
And only if your per capita income is above 6,000 dollars a year will you have democracy come hell or high water . 只有人均收入 达到每年 6000 美元以上 民主才会持续。
come hell or high water:揍个屁滚尿流;无论怎样;就算天崩地裂;无论困难多大;这是地狱还是仙境;
What this is telling us is that we need to first establish a middle class that is able to hold the government accountable . 这告诉我们 首先需要建立一个 能问责政府的中产阶级。
establish:v.创立;设立;建立;确立;使立足;查实; middle class:adj.中产阶级的;中层社会的; accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的;
But perhaps it's also telling us that we should be worried about going around the world and shoehorning democracy, because ultimately we run the risk of ending up with illiberal democracies , democracies that in some sense could be worse than the authoritarian governments that they seek to replace. 但也许这还告诉我们 我们应该为在世界各地 将民主强加于人感到不安 因为最终我们要承担的风险 就是狭隘的民主, 某种程度来说,这样的民主, 可能比设法终结的独裁政府 还要糟糕!
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; illiberal:adj.偏执的;吝啬的;粗鄙的;狭碍的;缺乏文化素养的; democracies:民主; authoritarian:adj.独裁主义的;权力主义的;n.权力主义者;独裁主义者;
The evidence around illiberal democracies is quite depressing . 狭隘民主的证据 是十分让人沮丧的。
depressing:adj.令人抑郁的; v.使沮丧; (depress的现在分词)
Freedom House finds that although 50 percent of the world's countries today are democratic, 70 percent of those countries are illiberal in the sense that people don't have free speech or freedom of movement. 自由之家（Freedom House）认为,虽然今天 世界上 50%的国家是民主国家, 但这些国家中的 70%是狭隘的 就人民没有 言论或行动自由而言。
But also, we're finding from Freedom House in a study that they published last year that freedom has been on the decline every year for the past seven years. 但同时,我们从自由之家 去年出版的一项研究中发现 过去七年的每一年里 自由的发展都在恶化。
decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降;
What this says is that for people like me who care about liberal democracy, is we've got to find a more sustainable way of ensuring that we have a sustainable form of democracy in a liberal way, and that has its roots in economics. 这表示: 对于像我这样的人 在乎自由民主的人, 需要找到更多可持续的方式 确保有一个可持续的 实现民主的方式, 并且拥有深厚的经济基础。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词);
But it also says that as China moves toward being the largest economy in the world, something that is expected to happen by experts in 2016, that this schism between the political and economic ideologies of the West and the rest is likely to widen . 但同时,当中国就要 成为世界最大经济体时, 专家预计2016 年 这便会成真, 在西方和世界其他地区之间的 政治和经济意识形态的分裂 很可能会扩大。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财; ideologies:意识形态; widen:v.(使)变宽;拓宽;(使)扩展,程度加深,范围扩大;
What might that world look like? 这个世界可能变成什么样？
Well, the world could look like more state involvement and state capitalism; greater protectionisms of nation-states; but also, as I just pointed out a moment ago, ever-declining political rights and individual rights. 嗯,世界可能会有 更多的国家干预和国家资本主义; 及民族国家更强烈的保护主义; 但我刚才也提过的, 不断减少的政治权利 和个人权利。
involvement:n.牵连;包含;混乱;财政困难; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
The question that is left for us in general is, what then should the West be doing? 因此我们共同的问题是, 在这之后,西方应该怎样做？
in general:总之,通常;一般而言;
And I suggest that they have two options . 我认为,西方有两个选项。
options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式)
The West can either compete or cooperate . 他们可以或竞争或合作。
compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); cooperate:v.合作;配合;协作;结合;
If the West chooses to compete with the Chinese model, and in effect go around the world and continue to try and push an agenda of private capitalism and liberal democracy, this is basically going against headwinds , but it also would be a natural stance for the West to take because in many ways it is the antithesis of the Chinese model of de-prioritizing democracy, and state capitalism. 如果西方选择与中国模式竞争, 实质上就是要在全世界 继续尝试和推行 私人资本主义和自由民主, 这基本上都是在逆风而行, 但这对西方来说 也是理所当然的立场 因为在很多方面 西方模式与中国模式的 暂缓民主和国家资本主义是对立的。
agenda:n.议事日程; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; headwinds:n.逆风;顶头风; antithesis:n.对立面;对照;对仗;
Now the fact of the matter is, if the West decides to compete, it will create a wider schism. 事实是, 如果西方决定要竞争, 将产生更大的分裂。
The other option is for the West to cooperate, and by cooperating I mean giving the emerging market countries the flexibility to figure out in an organic way what political and economic system works best for them. 西方的另一个选项是进行合作, 我的意思是通过合作, 给予新兴市场国家一些弹性空间, 让他们顺其自然地找出 什么样的政治和经济制度 对他们来说才是最佳的。
cooperating:v.合作;协作;协助;配合;(cooperate的现在分词) flexibility:n.灵活性;弹性;适应性; organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体;
Now I'm sure some of you in the room will be thinking, well, this is like ceding to China, and this is a way, in other words, for the West to take a back seat . 我确信在座的有一些人 正在想,咳,这不就是对中国让步, 换句话说,这种方式 就是让西方处于次要地位。
ceding:v.割让;让给;转让;(cede的现在分词) take a back seat:处于默默无闻的地位;处于次要地位;退居二线;
But I put it to you that if the United States and European countries want to remain globally influential , they may have to consider cooperating in the short term in order to compete, and by that, they might have to focus more aggressively on economic outcomes to help create the middle class 但我告诉你们 如果美国和欧洲国家 想要在全球保持影响力 他们可能会为了竞争, 短期内不得不考虑合作 以此类推,他们可能不得不更积极地 关注经济成果 来帮助创建中产阶层
influential:adj.有影响的;有势力的;n.有影响力的人物; aggressively:adv.侵略地;攻击地;有闯劲地; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
and therefore be able to hold government accountable and create the democracies that we really want. 让政府负起责任 并创建我们真正想要的民主政体。
The fact of the matter is that instead of going around the world and haranguing countries for engaging with China, the West should be encouraging its own businesses to trade and invest in these regions . 事实就是, 与其在国际上 鼓吹与中国交流, 西方应该鼓励自己的企业 在这些地区进行贸易和投资,
haranguing:n.长篇大论; vt.向…滔滔不绝地演讲; vi.高谈阔论; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数)
Instead of criticizing China for bad behavior, the West should be showing how it is that their own system of politics and economics is the superior one. 与其批评中国的不良行为。 西方应该展示 为何他们自己的政治和经济制度 是有优势的。
criticizing:v.批评;批判;挑剔;指责;评论;评价;(criticize的现在分词) superior:n.上级;上司;adj.(在品质上)更好的;占优势的;更胜一筹的;
And instead of shoehorning democracy around the world, perhaps the West should take a leaf out of its own history book and remember that it takes a lot of patience in order to develop the models and the systems that you have today. 与其在世界各地 强行推进民主, 或许西方应从借镜 自己的历史经验 并且铭记:你们今天 拥有的模式与体系得以发展 至此 也是慢慢累积的。
patience:n.耐性,耐心;忍耐,容忍;
Indeed, the Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer reminds us that it took the United States nearly 170 years from the time that the Constitution was written for there to be equal rights in the United States. 的确,最高法院法官斯蒂芬 · 布雷耶(Stephen Breyer.) 提醒我们 从制定宪法 直到达到权利平等 花费了170年。
Supreme Court:最高法院; Justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数) Constitution:n.宪法;构成;体质;组成;
Some people would argue that today there is still no equal rights. 如今有些人会争论说 权利不平等仍然存在的。
In fact, there are groups who would argue that they still do not have equal rights under the law. 事实上,仍然有群体会争辩 他们在现有的法律之下没有得到平等权利。
At its very best, the Western model speaks for itself. 西方模式最棒的地方是, 直截了当地证明了。
It's the model that put food on the table. 它是让下一餐有着落的模式。
It's the refrigerators. 让人有冰箱。
It put a man on the moon. 还把人送上了月球。
But the fact of the matter is, although people back in the day used to point at the Western countries and say, "I want that, I like that," 但事实是, 虽然人们过去 经常指着西方国家并且说: 我想要那样的,我喜欢那样的,
back in the day:在过去,在以前;
there's now a new person in town in the form of a country, China. 但现在出现了一个新人, 也就是中国。
Today, generations are looking at China and saying, "China can produce infrastructure, 今天,几代人正看着中国 并说:"中国可以建设基础设施,
China can produce economic growth, and we like that." 中国可以创造经济增长, 我们喜欢那样的。
Because ultimately, the question before us, and the question before seven billion people on the planet is, how can we create prosperity ? 因为,最终摆在我们面前的问题 和地球上 70 亿人 面前的问题都是: 我们如何创造繁荣？
prosperity:n.繁荣,成功;
People who care and will pivot towards the model of politics and economics in a very rational way, to those models that will ensure that they can have better living standards in the shortest period of time. 在乎这点的人 会理性地 以中国的政经模式为基础 倾向于那些可以确保 他们能够在最短时间内 拥有更高生活水准的模式。
pivot:n.枢轴; vt.以…为中心旋转; vi.在枢轴上转动; adj.枢轴的; rational:n.理性;人类;合理的事物;[数]有理数;adj.合理的;理性的;明智的;理智的; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
As you leave here today, 在你们今天要离开的时候,
I would like to leave you with a very personal message, which is what it is that I believe we should be doing as individuals , and this is really about being open-minded , open-minded to the fact that our hopes and dreams 我想要留给你们 一点个人的见解, 也就是我相信 我们应当作为独立的个人来做事, 也就是要变得思想开明, 对于我们想要为全世界的人们
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); open-minded:adj.虚心的;思想开明的;无偏见的;
of creating prosperity for people around the world, creating and meaningfully putting a dent in poverty for hundreds of millions of people, has to be based in being open-minded, because these systems have good things and they have bad things. 创造繁荣, 并且有意义地为数以亿计的人们 削弱贫困的希望与梦想。 都要从开放的态度做起, 因为不同的体系有优点 也有缺点。
Just to illustrate , 为了說明这一点,
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实;
I went into my annals of myself. 我调查了关于我自己的记录。
annals:n.年报;编年史;年鉴;
That's a picture of me. 这是我的照片。
I was born and raised in Zambia in 1969. 我在1969年出生于赞比亚。
At the time of my birth, blacks were not issued birth certificates , and that law only changed in 1973. 在我诞生时, 黑人得不到出生证明, 那条法律在1973年才改变。
issued:v.宣布;公布;发出;将…诉诸法律;(issue的过去分词和过去式) certificates:n.[管理]证书(certificate的复数); v.用证书证明(certificate的单数第三人称);
This is an affidavit from the Zambian government. 这是赞比亚政府的誓章。
affidavit:n.宣誓书;
I bring this to you to tell you that in 40 years, 我展示这些,是为了告诉你们
I've gone from not being recognized as a human being to standing in front of the illustrious TED crowd today to talk to you about my views. 这四十年来,我从不被承认 到今天站在TED观众前 为你们讲述我的观点的经历。
recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) illustrious:adj.著名的,杰出的;辉煌的;
In this vein , we can increase economic growth. 从这一点上讲,我们可以促进经济增长。
vein:n.血管;叶脉;[地质]岩脉;纹理;翅脉;性情;vt.使成脉络;象脉络般分布于;
We can meaningfully put a dent in poverty. 我们可以卓有成效地削弱贫困。
But also, it's going to require that we look at our assumptions , assumptions and strictures that we've grown up with around dem ocracy, around private capitalism, around what creates economic growth and reduces poverty and creates freedoms. 不仅如此,这也将要求我们 正视我们的观念, 我们从小到大关于 民主与私人资本主义, 关于什么才能促进经济增长 并且减少贫困、创造自由的观念与教条。
assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数)
We might have to tear those books up and start to look at other options and be open-minded to seek the truth. 我们也许不得不撕掉那些书本 来开始正视其它选项 并且积极地探求真实。
Ultimately, it's about transforming the world and making it a better place. 最终,我们要改变世界 并使它成为一个更好的地方。
transforming:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);使改观;(transform的现在分词)
Thank you very much. 非常感谢你们。
(Applause) （掌声）