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DallasTaylor_2020-_倾听静默_-
For many of us right now, our lives are quieter than normal. 对于很多人来说,我们当前的生活 比平常安静了不少。
And quiet can be unnerving . 静默会让人感到不安,
It can make you feel lonely, or just all too aware of the things you're missing out on. 让你感到孤独, 或者一门心思地专注于 你错过的事情。
I think about sound all the time. 我每分每刻都在思考声音。
I'm a sound designer, and I host the podcast "Twenty Thousand Hertz ." 我是一名音响设计师, 也是《两万赫兹》播客平台的主持人。
unnerving:adj.令人担心的; v.使紧张; (unnerve的现在分词) podcast:n.播客; Hertz:n.[物]赫兹(频率单位);
It's all about the world's most recognizable and interesting sounds. 我们探索世界上最有辨识度, 也最有意思的声音。
But I think this is the perfect time to talk about silence. 但我觉得,现在也是 讨论静默的绝佳时机。
Because what I've come to understand is that there is no such thing as silence. 因为我渐渐认识到, 绝对的静默是根本不存在的。
And the person who opened my mind to this idea is one of the most influential composers in history. 让我对这个想法产生共鸣的, 是历史上最有影响力的音乐家之一。
recognizable:adj.可辨认的;可认识的;可承认的; influential:adj.有影响的;有势力的;n.有影响力的人物; composers:n.作曲家;作曲者(composer的复数形式);
(Piano music) （钢琴曲）
John Cage has made an impact on artists in many genres , from avant-garde musicians, to modern dance , to pop music . 约翰·凯奇（John Cage ） 影响了各种类型的艺术家, 从先锋音乐到现代舞, 再到流行音乐。
Right now, we're listening to his 1948 piece called "In a Landscape ." 我们正在听的是他 1948 年的作品 《在风景里》。
This version was recorded in 1994 by Stephen Drury. 这个版本是史蒂文·德鲁里 （Stephen Drury）在1949 年录制的。
(Piano music) （钢琴曲）
This piece is actually not very typical of John Cage's writing. 这个曲子并不属于 约翰·凯奇的经典创作风格。[01:16]
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; genres:n.流派(genre的复数);体裁;种类; avant-garde:adj.先锋派的;先驱的;n.先驱;(艺术的)先锋派;前卫;前卫派;先锋艺术; modern dance:n.现代舞(20世纪初发展起来的一种摆脱芭蕾舞限制的舞蹈形式); pop music:n.流行乐曲; Landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
He's more known for his innovations and avant-garde techniques . 人们更了解的是他的 创新和先锋技巧。
But despite his reputation, no one was prepared for what he did in 1952, when he created the most daring piece of his career . 尽管如此, 人们还是难以接受 他在 1952 年创作的, 也是他事业中最冒险的一部作品:
It was called "4'33''," 《4 分 33 秒》。
and it was a piece that some critics even refused to call "music," 某些评论家甚至 拒绝称这个曲子为 “音乐”,
innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; critics:n.评论家;批评者;吹毛求疵的人(critic的复数);
because for the entire duration of the piece, the performer plays nothing at all. 因为自始至终, 表演者 什么都没演奏。
Well, to be technical , the performer is actually playing rest. 从技术上讲, 表演者其实在弹休止符。
But to the audience, it looks like nothing is happening. 但对于观众, 好像什么都没发生。
John Cage's "4'33''" was performed for the first time in the summer of 1952, by renowned pianist David Tudor. 约翰·凯奇的这首《4 分 33 秒》 首演是在 1952 年的夏天, 由着名的钢琴家 大卫·都铎（ David Tudor） 进行了演绎。
duration:n.持续时间;期间; technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; performed:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好)(perform的过去分词和过去式) renowned:adj.著名的;闻名的;有名的;受尊敬的
It was at the Maverick Concert hall in Woodstock , New York. 表演是在纽约伍德斯托克的 小牛音乐厅,
This is a beautiful wooden building with huge openings to the outdoors. 一个非常美丽的木制建筑, 与室外空间完美融合。
So, David Tudor walked out on stage, sat down at the piano, then closed the piano lid . 大卫·都铎走上舞台, 坐到钢琴前, 合上了钢琴盖。
Maverick:n.没打烙印的动物; vt.用不正当手段获取; vi.迷途; adj.未打烙印的; Woodstock:n.伍德斯托克音乐节(每年8月在纽约州东南部Woodstock举行的摇滚音乐节); wooden:adj.木制的;木头的;木头似的;死板的 lid:n.盖子;(容器的)盖;vt.给…盖盖子;
He then sat in silence , only moving to open and close the piano lid between each of the three movements. 然后,他就那样静静地坐着, 只在三个乐章的间隙 打开琴盖,再合上。
After the time was up, he got up and walked off the stage. 时间到了, 他就站起来, 走下了舞台。
(Piano music) （钢琴曲）
The audience had no idea what to think. 所有观众无不一头雾水。
It made people wonder if Cage is even taking his career seriously. 这次首演让人们怀疑凯奇 是否在严肃地对待他的事业。[02:33]
in silence:沉默地;
A close friend even wrote to him, begging that he not turn his career into a joke. 一位好友甚至写信给他, 求他不要把他的事业变成一个笑话。
John Cage had, well, if you could call it, composed a piece of music that really challenged some very established ideas about music composition . 约翰·凯奇创作的这个“曲子”; 它着实挑战了一些 作曲理念。
It's something that musicians still debate today. 直到今天,音乐家们 仍然对此争论不休。
To understand just what John Cage was thinking, let's back up to the 1940s. 为了理解约翰·凯奇的创作初衷, 让我们回到 1940 年代。
Back then, 当时,
John Cage was making a name for himself composing for the prepared piano. 约翰·凯奇因预置钢琴作曲 而为人所熟知。[03:01]
composed:adj.由…组成的; v.组成; (compose的过去分词和过去式) established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) composition:n.成分;作文;构成;创作; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; composing:n.组成;[印刷]排字;adj.起镇静作用的;v.组成;写作(compose的现在分词);
(Piano music) （钢琴曲）
To make music like this, 要创作出这样的音乐,
John Cage would put objects inside the piano, between the strings . 约翰·凯奇会把物件 塞进琴弦之间——
Things you just find lying around, like screws , tape and rubber erasers. 都是些你可以随便看到的东西, 比如螺丝、胶带和橡皮。
So now, you've transformed the piano from a tonal instrument with high and low pitches into a collection of unique sounds. 这样,就把钢琴从一个 有高低音调的乐器 转变成了各种声响的集合。
strings:一串,悬挂(string的第三人称单数和复数) screws:n.[机]螺丝; v.用螺钉固定; rubber:n.橡胶;橡皮;v.涂橡胶于…; transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) tonal:adj.色调的;音调的; instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械; high and low:到处;高低贵贱; pitches:pitch的变形; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
The music you're hearing is Cage's " Sonata V," 你们现在听到的是 凯奇的《奏鸣曲 V》,
from "Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano." 取自《预置钢琴奏鸣曲和插曲》。
Probably his most famous work outside of "4'33''." 除了《4 分 33 秒》, 这大概是他最有名的作品了。
This version was performed by Boris Berman. 这个版本是由鲍里斯·贝尔曼 （Boris Berman）演奏的。
Sonata:n.奏鸣曲; Interludes:n.插曲;穿插;幕间节目;[数]插算;vt.使中断;vi.插入;
John Cage wrote incredibly detailed instructions about where to place each object in the piano. 关于物件在钢琴里的位置, 约翰·凯奇写了非常详细的说明。
But it's impossible for every performer to get the exact same objects, so the sound you get is always different. 不过,每个表演者 不可能找到完全一样的物件, 所以每次表演的声响效果也不一样。
Basically , it comes down to random chance. 都会很偶然、很随机。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; Basically:adv.主要地,基本上; random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地;
This was pretty bananas and pretty alien to the way most composers and musicians are taught to do things. 这对于多数的作曲家和音乐家而言 即疯狂又陌生。
John Cage was becoming increasingly interested in chance and randomness and letting the universe provide the answer to the question "What note should I play next?" 约翰·凯奇对随机性和偶然性 越来越感兴趣, 决定让宇宙来回答 “下个音符我该弹什么？”
But to hear the answer to the question, first, you have to listen. 首先,你必须倾听, 才能得到宇宙对这个问题的回答。
And in the 1940s, listening to the universe was getting harder to do. 可是在 1940 年代, 倾听变得越来越难。
(Elevator music) （电梯音乐）
The Muzak company was founded in the '30s. 罐头音乐公司（Muzak） 成立于 1930 年代,[04:22]
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; randomness:n.随意;无安排;不可测性; Muzak:n.(酒吧,饭店等)录音助兴音乐;
It really took off, and soon, there was constant background music nearly everywhere. 而且一下子就火起来了, 不久,几乎到处都能听到 它的背景音乐,
It was almost impossible to escape. 几乎避无可避。
John Cage realized that people were losing the option to shut out the background music of the world. 约翰·凯奇意识到 人们越来越无法选择 关闭世俗背景音乐。
He worried that Muzak would prevent people from hearing silence altogether. 他担心罐头音乐 让人们无法再享受到静默。
In 1948, four years before he wrote "4'33''," 1948 年, 在他写《4 分 33 秒》的四年前,
John Cage mentioned that he wanted to write a four-and-a-half-minute-long piece of silence and sell it to the Muzak company. 约翰·凯奇提到他想写一首 四分半钟的静默曲, 卖给罐头音乐公司。
option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
It started as something of a political statement or an offhand comment, but this idea struck a nerve and quickly evolved . 这一开始仅仅被当作 一种政治宣言 或者随意的玩笑, 但是,这个主意触动了他, 很快就延展了。
John Cage was starting to think deeply about silence. 约翰·凯奇开始对静默 进行更深刻的思考。
And when he visited a truly quiet place, he made a startling discovery. 他访问了一个真正安静的地方, 得到了一个触目惊心的发现。
John Cage visited an anechoic chamber at Harvard University. 约翰·凯奇来到了 哈佛大学的一个消声室。
statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; offhand:adj.随便的;即时的;无准备的;即席的;adv.随便地;即席地;即时地; nerve:n.神经;勇气;神经质;神经紧张;v.鼓足勇气;振作精神; evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) startling:adj.惊人的;让人震惊的;极鲜亮的;v.使惊吓;使吓一跳;(startle的现在分词) anechoic:adj.无回声的;无反响的; chamber:n.(身体或器官内的)室,膛; adj.室内的; vt.把…关在室内; Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
Anechoic chambers are rooms that are acoustically treated to minimize sound to almost zero. 消声室被做了消声处理, 音量被减少到几乎为零。
There are no sounds in these rooms, so John Cage didn't expect to hear anything at all. 这些房间里没有任何声音, 所以,约翰·凯奇 不期待听到任何声音。
But he actually heard his own blood circulating . 可是,他听到了自己的血液循环。
(Pulse) （脉搏）
I've personally experienced an anechoic chamber, and it's a really wild experience that can completely change your perceptions about sound and silence. 我也亲身体验过消声室, 那真的是一段非常神奇的经历, 可以彻底改变 人们对声与静的观念。[05:31]
chambers:n.内庭(chamber的复数); acoustically:adv.听觉上;声学上; treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) minimize:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要; circulating:adj.运行的; v.(液体或气体)环流,循环; (circulate的现在分词) personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; perceptions:n.认知;观念(perception的复数);理解;
It really felt like my brain just turning up an amplifier , grasping for anything to hear. 我觉得我大脑里的扩音器被调高了, 试着抓取任何可听的东西。
Just like John Cage, 同约翰·凯奇一样,
I could very clearly hear my blood pushing through my body. 我可以清楚地听到 我的血液在身体里流动。
John Cage realized, in that moment, that no matter where we are, even our bodies are making sound. 那一瞬间,约翰·凯奇意识到, 无论我们在哪里, 连我们的身体都在发声。
amplifier:n.[电子]放大器,扩大器;扩音器; grasping:adj.贪婪的;紧紧抓住的;v.理解,领会;抓紧,抓牢;(grasp的现在分词形式)
There's basically no such thing as true silence. 基本上,绝对的静默是不存在的。
As long as you are in your body, you're always hearing something. 只要你处在一个内在的自我之中, 你总会听到什么。
This is where John Cage's interest in chance and randomness met his interest in silence. 于是,约翰·凯奇对静默的兴趣与 对声音的随机性的兴趣 实现了完美的融合。
He realized that creating an environment with no distractions wasn't about creating silence. 他意识到,创造一个毫无干扰的环境 并不意味着绝对的静默,
As long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; distractions:n.分心,干扰;分散注意力的事;娱乐;消遣;(distraction的复数)
It wasn't even about controlling noise. 也与控制噪音无关。
It was about the sounds that were already there, but you suddenly hear for the first time when you're really ready to listen. 而是,当你专心聆听时, 会突然第一次听到 那些早已存在的声音。
That's what's so often misunderstood about "4'33''." 那也正是为什么 《4 分 33 秒》经常被误解。
People assume it's a joke, but that couldn't be further from the truth. 人们以为它是一个玩笑, 可是,事实绝非如此。
It sounds different everywhere you play it. 你听到什么取决于你在哪里演奏,
And that's the point. 那才是关键。
What John Cage really wanted us to hear is the beauty of the sonic world around us. 约翰·凯奇真正想让我们听到的是 我们周围的这个有声的世界的美。[06:42]
misunderstood:adj.被误解的;v.误解,误会(misunderstand的过去式); assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; sonic:adj.音速的;声音的;音波的;
(Birds chirping) （鸟鸣）
(Overlapping voices) （叠加的声音）
(Church bell ringing) （教堂的钟声）
(Crickets chirping and owl hooting) （蟋蟀唧唧叫,猫头鹰鸮叫）
'"4'33''" should be a mindful experience that helps you focus on accepting things just the way they are. 《4 分 33 秒》应该是 一个专注的体验, 帮助我们关注和接受 事物本身的样子。
It's not something that anyone else can tell you how you're supposed to feel. 这完全是因人而异的切身感受,
chirping:v.吱喳叫;唧唧叫;轻松愉快地讲(话);(chirp的现在分词) owl:n.猫头鹰;枭;惯于晚上活动的人; mindful:adj.留心的;记住的;警觉的; supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
It's deeply personal. 不可言传。
It also brings up some pretty big questions about our sonic world. 这也引发了对于我们这个有声世界的 很大的疑问。
Is "4'33''" music, is it sound, is sound music? 《4 分 33 秒》属于音乐、声响, 还是声响音乐？
Is there even a difference? 这些有任何区别吗？
John Cage reminds us that music isn't the only kind of sound worth listening to. 约翰·凯奇提醒我们, 值得倾听的声响不止有音乐。
All sounds are worth thinking about. 所有的声响都值得思考。
We have a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to reset our ears. 我们有一个千载难逢的机会 重置我们的耳朵。
And if we become more conscious of what we hear, we'll inherently make our world sound better. 如果我们对这个世界的声音 更加留心, 它们在我们内心深处 听起来就会更美妙。
reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数) once-in-a-lifetime:千载难逢(的好机会); reset:vi.重置;清零;重新组合;n.重新设定;重新组合;重排版; conscious of:意识到; inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地;
Quietness is not when we turn off our minds to sound, but when we can really start to listen and hear the world in all of its sonic beauty. 静默并不是充耳不闻, 而恰恰是 可以领略声音之美的时候。
So in this spirit, let's perform "4'33''" together, wherever you are. 本着这种精神, 无论你们在哪里, 让我们一起来“演奏” 《4 分 33 秒》吧。
It's three movements, and I'll let you know when they start. 它有三个乐章, 我会让你们知道它们 什么时候开始。
Listen to the texture and rhythm of the sounds around you right now. 现在,请你们仔细聆听 周围声音的质感和律动。
Quietness:n.平静,安静; texture:n.质地;纹理;结构;本质,实质; rhythm:n.节奏;韵律;
Listen for the loud and soft, the harmonic , the dissonant , and all the small details that make every sound unique. 听那些强声和弱声, 那些和谐的、不和谐的, 和所有让每一个声响独特的小细节。
Spend this time as mindful and focused in this real-life sonic moment. 在这段时间内, 请全神贯注于周围真实的声音。
Enjoy the magnificence of hearing and listening. 好好享受你所听所闻的华彩。
So here comes the first movement. 第一乐章,
Starting ... 现在……[08:30]
Listen for:倾听; harmonic:adj.和声的;谐和的;音乐般的;n.[物]谐波;和声; dissonant:adj.刺耳的;不谐和的;不调和的; real-life:adj.现实的;实在的; magnificence:n.壮丽;宏伟;富丽堂皇;
now. 开始。
[I. Tacet] [ I. 静默 ]
(No audio) （无声）
And here's movement two. 接下来是第二乐章,
It will be two minutes and 23 seconds. 长度为 2 分 23 秒。
[II. Tacet] [ II. 静默 ]
(No audio) （无声）
And here is the final movement. 接下来是最后的乐章,
It will be one minute and 40 seconds. 长度为 1 分 40 秒。
[III. Tacet] [ III. 静默 ]
(No audio) （无声）
And that's it. 这就是这部《4 分 33 秒》,
We did it. 我们已经听完了。
Thanks for listening. 感谢大家的倾听。