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ClimateActionTracker_2021-_2021_年的气候危机现状_
2021 is a crucial year in the fight against climate change. 2021 是对抗气候变化的关键一年。
According to the Paris Agreement timetable , this year, governments must make key decisions on updating their climate action plans. 根据巴黎气候协议的议程,今年, 各国政府必须做出关键性决策, 提交气候行动的最新计划。
Are we on track to meet the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius ? 我们能否实现将全球变暖的温度 控制在 1.5 摄氏度以内的目标？
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; According to:根据,据说; timetable:n.时间表;时刻表;预定计划;vt.为…安排时间 updating:v.更新;向…提供最新信息;使现代化;(update的现在分词) track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖; Celsius:adj.摄氏的;n.摄氏度;
There is good news and bad news, and the details matter, so let's explore the data. 对此,既有好消息,也有坏消息, 以及一些重要的细节, 让我们来看看数据。
Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, all countries agreed to hold the global average temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius, and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. 在 2015 年巴黎气候协定中, 所有成员国达成一致, 要将全球平均温度增长 控制在 2 摄氏度以内, 并争取将上升幅度 控制在 1.5 摄氏度以内。
explore:v.探索:探测:探险: pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠;
Scientists, including the IPCC, tell us that to meet this 1.5-degree warming limit, global greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut in half by 2030, and carbon dioxide emissions need to reach net zero by around 2050 -- an enormous but achievable challenge. 科学家们, 包括国际气候变化委员会表示, 为了实现低于 1.5 摄氏度的控温目标, 全球温室气体排放量 需要在 2030 前减少一半, 二氧化碳排放量 需要在 2050 年左右实现零排放。 这是一个艰巨却能够实现的目标。
The information presented here is from the Climate Action Tracker , a project that monitors national commitments and actions and is current as of the 1st of June, 2021. 这里的数据均来自 气候行动监测组（Climate Action Tracker）, 他们监测各国对此作出的承诺和举措, 以下是截至 2021 年 6 月 1 日的数据。
greenhouse gas:n.温室气体(尤指二氧化碳); emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; achievable:adj.可完成的;可有成就的;做得成的; Tracker:n.拉纤者,纤夫;追踪系统,[自]跟踪装置;追踪者; commitments:n.承诺,保证;委托;承担义务;献身;(commitment的复数)
The good news has to do with 30 years from now. 好消息与 2050 年的目标有关,
Increasingly , governments are pledging to reduce emissions to net zero by the middle of the century, which would be in line with the Paris Agreement's goals. 越来越多的政府 承诺将在 2050 年之前 减低碳排放至净零。 这与之前巴黎气候协议定的目标一致。
There are already 131 national governments that have adopted net zero targets or are discussing them. 目前有 131 个国家,有些已经采用 二氧化碳零排放目标, 有些尚在商讨待定。
Those targets would cover 73 percent of current global greenhouse gas emissions. 这些目标减零的排放气体 占目前全球气体排放量的73%。
Increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; pledging:v.保证给予(或做);正式承诺;使保证;典当;(pledge的现在分词) in line with:符合;与…一致; adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词);
They include the European Union , which has enshrined this goal into law, the UK, South Africa, Japan, South Korea, 这些国家地区里, 包括已经立法明确的欧盟, 还有英联邦、南非、日本、韩国、
Canada, China and the United States, as well as several small island nations. 加拿大、中国和美国, 以及一些小的岛屿国家。
However, the currently implemented actions of all countries will do little more than stop an increase in future emissions. 然而,所有国家目前实施的举措 仅仅是停止未来排放量的增加。
European Union:n.欧洲联盟; enshrined:把…置于神龛内;把…奉若神;珍藏;铭记(enshrine的过去式和过去分词); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; currently:adv.当前;一般地; implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词)
That will put us on a trajectory for an estimated warming of 2.9 degrees Celsius by 2100, and lead to catastrophic climate change. 而这样的措施将会导致我们的地球 在 2100 年温度预计上涨 2.9 摄氏度, 进而引发足以让人类灭顶的气候改变。
Under the Paris Agreement, countries have to put forward formal , updated commitments to achieve the global target. 在巴黎气候协定中, 各国需要提出最新的官方承诺举措 来实现全球气温控制的目标。
In the last few months, the EU, the US, China and others have done so, and we estimate that their full implementation could bring us on a path to the warming of 2.4 degrees Celsius by 2100. 过去的几个月, 欧盟、美国、中国 和其他国家提出了自己的方案, 据预测,这些全部的举措 可以实现在 2100 年前 温度上升 2.4 摄氏度。
trajectory:n.[物]轨道,轨线;[航][军]弹道; estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的; catastrophic:adj.灾难的;悲惨的;灾难性的,毁灭性的; put forward:v.提出;拿出;放出;推举出; formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服; updated:adj.更新的;现代化的;v.使现代化;更新;(update的过去分词和过去式) implementation:n.[计]实现;履行;安装启用;
There is a more optimistic case. 还有一个更乐观的假设,
Let's assume all the commitments and stated intentions become policies , and are followed by actions, including the net zero targets under discussion or not yet officially submitted under the Paris Agreement. 就是假设这些政府作出的所有承诺 和公布的计划都制定为政策, 并且能够付诸实践, 包括还在讨论的温室气体零排放目标, 这一点还未在巴黎协定中正式提交。
optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的; assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; intentions:n.目的,意向,意图;打算;(intention的复数) policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) submitted:v.提交;顺从;投降;表示;认为;建议;(submit的过去分词和过去式)
This would put the world on a trajectory to keep global warming to 2 degrees Celsius by 2100. 温室气体零排放将会让地球温度 在 2100 年前仅上升 2 摄氏度。
Additional increases in ambition could bring the 1.5-degree Celsius target, theoretically , within reach. 不止于此,我们更想做到, 理论上可实现的 1.5 摄氏度的目标。
But that's in theory. 但这只是理论上的可能性,
The actual short-term actions and plans don't yet match the long-term intentions, and that's the bad news. 实际短期的措施计划 还不能服务于长期目标, 这正是糟糕的地方。
No one will be surprised by the fact that short-term actions, which may determine electoral outcomes , are more timid than long-term commitments that will fall on future governments to execute . 没有人会对短期措施的效果吃惊, 这可能决定了气候大会选举的结果, 比起需要未来政府执行的措施, 这些短期举措非常的保守有限。
Additional:adj.附加的,额外的; ambition:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负; theoretically:adv.理论地;理论上; short-term:adj.短期的; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; electoral:adj.选举的;选举人的; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) timid:adj.胆小的;羞怯的; execute:vt.实行;执行;处死;
But it is the next nine years that will determine if we can achieve the target of net zero by mid-century . 但下一个九年将决定, 我们是否能在 2050 年 实现温室气体零排放。
The first milestone is 2030. 2030 年是第一个里程碑,
By then, emissions will need to be halved for the world to be brought onto a 1.5-degree Celsius pathway . 届时,温室气体的排放需要减半 才能使地球温度上升控制在 1.5 摄氏度。
If we miss the 2030 milestone, making up for it later will be increasingly expensive or even impossible. 如果我们在 2030 年 不能实现排放减半的目标, 之后要付出越来越高的代价 才能够实现这一点,
mid-century:世纪中叶; milestone:n.里程碑,划时代的事件; halved:v.对半分开;均分;把…减半(halve的过去式和过去分词); pathway:n.路,道;途径,路径;
But with currently proposed actions, even the targets announced in recent months, global emissions would barely stabilize until 2030, leaving an enormous gap . 然而,随着近期各国应对举措的提出, 以及近几个月排放目标的公布, 全球温室气体排放几乎 不可能在 2030 年前稳定下来, 这无疑与巴黎气候协定的目标相去甚远。
It is not in the spirit of the Paris Agreement for countries to simply resubmit the same target as five years prior , or to offer different targets that don't actually lead to lower emissions. 这并不是巴黎气候协定的内核—— 仅仅简单地让各国重新提交 与五年前相同的目标, 或者提交根本不会带来低排放的 其他举措目标。
proposed:adj.建议的;推荐的;v.提议;建议;计划;求婚;(propose的过去分词和过去式) barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地; stabilize:vt.使稳固,使安定;vi.稳定,安定; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; resubmit:vt.重发; prior:adj.先前的; n.(小隐修院)院长; v.居先;
This is, unfortunately , the case so far for Australia, Mexico, Russia, Singapore, Switzerland and Vietnam. 不幸地是,目前为止, 澳大利亚、墨西哥、俄罗斯、 新加坡、瑞士和越南,
South Korea and New Zealand say they will come up with new targets before the end of the year. 韩国和新西兰都表示 他们将提出新的目标, 在今年年底之前。
Perhaps the worst case is Brazil , whose new stated target would lead to emissions increasing from its earlier promise. 可能最糟糕的是巴西, 他们新公布的目标 将会导致温室气体排放的增加 比起他们之前的承诺。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地; Zealand:西兰岛(丹麦最大的岛) come up with:提出;想出;赶上; Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
These countries need to reconsider their decisions. 这些国家需要重新考虑他们的决定。
And finally , there are still dozens of countries that have not made a new announcement for 2030, such as Indonesia and India, though they do still have some time before the COP26 Conference to formalize their proposals . 最终依然有几十个国家 没有做出 2030 目标声明, 像印度尼西亚和印度, 尽管在第 26 届联合国 气候变化大会（COP26）之前, 他们还有时间去考量敲定自己的提议。
So in summary , the picture is more hopeful than ever, if we look at the stated 2050 goals, but the actual short-term climate actions won't get us there. 总体来说,情况比过去要更加乐观, 如果我们看的只是 2050 的声明目标, 但事实上短期气候措施 并不能实现这个目标。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; Indonesia:n.印尼,印度尼西亚(东南亚岛国); Conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) formalize:vt.使形式化;使正式;拘泥礼仪;vi.拘泥于形式; proposals:n.建议书(Proposal的复数);求婚; summary:adj.简易的;扼要的;n.概要,摘要,总结;
There is good news elsewhere . 在其他方面也有一些好消息。
We can sometimes be surprised by the speed at which an entire sector can flip . 有时我们会吃惊于 整个国际社会对气候问题的转变速度,
For example, renewable energy is the new normal for new power production capacity worldwide , because it's cheaper. 比如,可再生能源现已成为全世界 电力生产的新常规产能, 因为可再生能源花费更低。
elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形; flip:n.浏览;空翻;轻抛;捻掷;v.迅速翻动;按(开关);按(按钮);开(或关)(机器等); renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
Many major automakers are transitioning to electric cars, and the financial sector seems to have started the movement out of investing in fossil fuels. 很多大型汽车制造商 正在转型电动汽车生产, 财政部门看来已经开始行动, 撤出化石燃料行业的投资。
Also, the first countries have announced they will stop extracting fossil fuels entirely. 同时已经有第一个国家宣布 将会完全停止对化石燃料的开采。
The world needs to find that kind of serious, bold leadership to bring us onto a safer path. 这个世界需要这种 严肃应对、大胆果敢的领导者, 带领全球各国走到更安全的道路上。
automakers:n.[车辆]汽车制造商(automaker的复数); transitioning:v.经历转变过程;过渡;(transition的现在分词) electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词) fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的; extracting:n.提取;萃取;撷取;adj.拔出的(extract进行式); bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的;
And keep in mind that if we don't reach 1.5 degrees Celsius, then the next target isn't two degrees, but 1.6 degrees Celsius. 重要的是,如果我们 不能实现 1.5 摄氏度的目标, 那么下一个目标就不是 2 摄氏度,而是 1.6 摄氏度。
The impacts of global warming already being felt will hit in a nonlinear , exponential way. 全人类已经感知到,气候变暖的影响 将会以一种非线性的、 指数增长的方式冲击我们。
So when it comes to climate change, every year, every action and every tenth of a degree matters. 所以就气候变暖而言, 每一年,每一个举动, 每 0.1 度都至关重要。
keep in mind:记住; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用; nonlinear:adj.非线性的; exponential:adj.指数的;n.指数;