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ClaudiaMiner_2019-_让每个孩子都准备好上幼儿园的新方法_-
I'm an historian. 我是一名历史学家。
And what I love about being an historian is it gives you perspective . 我之所以热爱这份工作, 是因为历史使人明智。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
Today, I'd like to bring that perspective to education in the United States. 今天,我想把这份智慧 献给美国的教育事业。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
About the only thing people can agree on is that the most strategic time for a child to start learning is early. 众所周知, 儿童开始接受教育的最佳时期 是学龄前。
strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的;
Over 50 years ago, there was a watershed moment in early education in the US called " Head Start ." 五十年以前, 美国学龄前教育有一道分水岭, 叫做“头脑启蒙”。
watershed:n.(美)流域;分水岭;集水区;转折点;adj.标志转折点的; Head Start:领先;抢先起步的优势;有利的开端;
Now, historians love watersheds because it makes it so easy to talk about what came before and what's happened since. 历史学家喜欢分水岭。 因为分水岭让我们很容易 讨论它之前发生的事, 和它之后的事。
watersheds:n.[水文]流域,水域(watershed的复数形式);[地理]分水岭;
Before Head Start, basically nothing. 头脑启蒙之前, 什么都没有。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
With Head Start, we began to get our nation's most at-risk children ready for school. 头脑启蒙之后, 我们开始让大部分儿童 都接受了学前教育。
at-risk:adj.处于危险中的;
Since Head Start, we've made strides , but there are still 2.2 million children in the US without access to early learning, or more than half of the four-year-olds in the country. 从头脑启蒙开始, 我们取得了巨大的进步。 但在美国仍然有220万儿童, 也就是说, 有超过一半的四岁儿童, 无缘学龄前教育。
strides:n.大步;步幅(stride的复数形式);v.跨过;迈步(stride的第三人称单数形式);
That's a problem. 这是个问题。
But the bigger problem is what we know happens to those children. 但更大的问题是这些孩子们的前途。
At-risk children who reach school without basic skills are 25 percent more likely to drop out, 40 percent more likely to become teen parents and 60 percent less likely to go to college. 如果孩子们在进入校园之前, 缺乏基本技能, 那么他们中途辍学的 可能性增加25%, 青春期结婚生子的 可能性增加40%, 上大学的可能性下降60%。
So if we know how important early education is, why aren't all children getting it? 那么既然我们知道 学龄前教育的重要性, 有什么理由不让所有孩子 都享受到学龄前教育？
There are barriers that the solutions we've come up with to date simply can't overcome . 我们今天提出的 解决方案并不完美, 并不能一劳永逸地 解决所有问题。
barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式); come up with:提出;想出;赶上; overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
Geography: think rural and remote . 地理问题:想一想农村和偏远地区。
rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的;
Transportation : think working parents everywhere. 交通问题:想一想四处奔波的父母。
Transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
Parent choice: no state requires a four-year-old to go to school. 父母的态度: 法律没有规定四岁孩子必须上学。
And cost: the average cost for a state to educate a preschooler is five thousand dollars a year. 金钱成本: 一个州学龄前教育的成本, 平均是每人每年五千美金。
preschooler:n.(美)学龄前儿童;
So am I just going to keep talking about problems? 那么我只会不断讲问题吗？
No. 不会的。
Today, I want to tell you about a cost-effective , technology-delivered, kindergarten-readiness program that can be done in the home. 今天,我想告诉大家一种 高性价比的学前教育, 一种以科技为媒介、 足不出户的教育模式。
cost-effective:adj.划算的;成本效益好的(等于cost-efficient);
It's called UPSTART , and more than 60,000 preschoolers in the US have already used it. 它叫做“伊始”。 在美国,已有超过六万名学龄前儿童 接受了这样的教育方式。
UPSTART:n.暴发户; adj.暴富的; vt.使…突然跳起; vi.突然跳起; preschoolers:n.学龄前儿童(preschooler的复数形式);
Now, I know what you might be thinking: here's another person throwing tech at a national problem. 此刻,你们也许会想: “又是一个想用科技解决 国家教育问题的人”。
And you'd be partially right. 你们只说对了一半。
partially:adv.部分地;偏袒地;
We develop early learning software designed to individualize instruction, so children can learn at their own pace. 我们为早教软件设计了 个性化教学功能, 让孩子们可以 按照自己的节奏来学习。
individualize:vt.赋予个性;个别处理;使适应个别需要;
To do that, we rely on experts from fields ranging from reading to sociology to brain science development to all aspects of early learning, to tell us what the software should do and look like. 为此,我们召集了 来自各行各业的专家, 一起为这款软件的 功能样式出谋划策。
rely:vi.依靠;信赖; sociology:n.社会学;群体生态学; aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数);
Here's an example. 请看个案例。
(Video) Zero (sings to the tune of "Day-O"): Zero! （视频） 零:零！
tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐;
Zero! 零！
Zero is the number that's different from the others. 零这个数字和其他数字完全不同。
Seagulls: Zero is a big, round "O." 海鸥:零是一个大圆“O”。
Zero: It's not like one, I'm sure you'll discover. 零:它不像一, 我相信你看得出来。
Seagulls: Zero is a big, round "O." 海鸥:零是一个大圆“O”。
(Laughter) （大笑）
Claudia Miner : That is "The Zero Song." Claudia Miner: 这就是“零之歌”。
Miner:n.矿工;开矿机;
(Laughter) （大笑）
And here are Odd Todd and Even Steven to teach you some things about numbers. 还有基德陶德和中分史蒂芬 来教大家奇偶数。
Todd:n.托德(姓氏,英国化学家,曾获1957年诺贝尔化学奖);
And here are the Word Birds, and they're going to show you when you blend letter sounds together, you can form words. 还有单词鸟, 它们为你展示, 当你把字母连起来时, 你就得到了单词。
blend:v.混合;融合;加入;相称;n.混合;混合物;混合种;混合色;
You can see that instruction is short, colorful and catchy , designed to capture a child's attention. 这些短视频色彩鲜艳、朗朗上口, 让孩子们目不转睛。
catchy:adj.引人注意的;容易记住的;易使人上当的; capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获
But there's another piece to UPSTART that makes it different and more effective. 但是,“伊始”之所以高效, 是因为它的另一个特点。
UPSTART puts parents in charge of their children's education. “伊始”让父母能够掌控孩子的教育。
in charge of:负责;主管;
We believe, with the right support, all parents can get their children ready for school. 我们坚信,只要我们伸出援手, 所有的父母都可以 让子女获得学前教育。
Here's how it works. 这是它的运作机理。
This is the kindergarten readiness checklist from a state. 这是某个州的 幼儿园入学技能检查表。
kindergarten:n.幼儿园; readiness:n.敏捷,迅速;准备就绪;愿意; checklist:n.清单;检查表;备忘录;目录册;
And almost every state has one. 几乎每个州都有一张这种表。
We go to parents wherever they are, and we conduct a key in-person group training. 不论父母身在何处, 我们都派人去拜访。 我们为其进行面对面小组培训。
conduct:v.实施;执行;表现;引导;n.举止;管理方法;经营方式;实施办法; in-person:亲自;外貌上;
And we tell them the software can check every reading, math and science box, but they're going to be responsible for motor skills and self-help skills, and together, we're going to work on social emotional learning. 我们会告诉他们,这款软件可以检查 所有的阅读、数学和科学作业。 但是他们要负责运动技能和自理能力。 最后由我们和父母一起 培养孩子的社会情感学习能力。
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; self-help:n.自助;自救;自立;adj.自助的; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
Now, we know this is working because we have a 90-percent completion rate for the program. 目前,我们知道这有效果, 因为这个项目的完成率是百分之九十。
completion:n.完成,结束;实现;
Last year, that translated into 13,500 children "graduating," with diplomas , from UPSTART. 去年,一万三千五百名儿童 收获了“伊始”的毕业证书。
diplomas:n.学位证书;毕业文凭;执照(diploma的复数);
And the results have been amazing. 教育的效果好极了。
We have an external evaluation that shows our children have two to three times the learning gains as children who don't participate in the program. 我们的另外一项调查显示, 我们这里孩子学知识的速度, 是其他孩子的两到三倍。
external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的; evaluation:n.评价;[审计]评估;估价;求值; participate:v.参加;参与;
We have a random control trial that shows strong evidence of effectiveness , and we even have a longitudinal study that shows our children's gains last into third and fourth grade, the highest grades the children had achieved at the time. 我们有随机对照试验, 确保了实验有效。 我们甚至进行了长期跟踪调查, 发现孩子们收获的技能 一直持续到三到四年级, 他们的成绩是同龄人中顶尖的。
random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; effectiveness:n.效力; longitudinal:adj.长度的,纵向的;经线的;
Those are academic gains. 这些都是学术成就。
academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者;
But another study has shown that our children's social emotional gains are equal to those of children attending public and private preschool. 但另一项研究发现, 我们训练过的孩子们 与公立和私立学前班的孩子相比, 在社交情绪收益方面是持平的。
The majority of the 60,000 children who have participated in UPSTART to date have been from Utah . 今天,参与了“伊始”的六万名孩子中, 大多数来自犹他州。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: participated:v.参加;参与;(participate的过去式和过去分词) Utah:n.美国犹他州;
But we have replicated our results with African-American children in Mississippi -- this is Kingston and his mother; with English language learners in Arizona -- this is Daisy and her family; 但是我们也把成果带到了其他地方: 密西西比的非洲裔美籍儿童—— 这是金士顿和他的母亲; 亚利桑那州的英语学习者—— 这是戴西和她的家人;
replicated:重复的; African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人); Kingston:n.金斯敦(牙买加首都); Arizona:n.美国亚利桑那州;
with refugee children in Philadelphia -- this is my favorite graduation photo; and with Native American children from some of the most remote parts of the United States. 这是我最喜欢的一张毕业照—— 来自费城的儿童难民; 还有一些非常偏远地区的 美国土生土长的孩子们。
refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的; Philadelphia:n.费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市); Native American:n.美洲土著居民;
This is Cherise, and this is where she lives in Monument Valley. 她叫谢丽丝,这是她在 纪念碑山谷的家。
Monument:n.丰碑;纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等);历史遗迹;有历史价值的建筑;
Now, there are skeptics about UPSTART. 有些人对“伊始”持怀疑态度。
skeptics:n.疑论者,怀疑主义者(skeptic的复数形式);
Some people don't believe young children should have screen time. 一些人觉得小孩子不应该 接触电子屏幕。
To them, we say: 我们是这样回应的:
UPSTART's usage requirement of 15 minutes a day, five days a week, is well within the hour-a-day recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics for four-year-olds. 孩子们每周五天,每天 花15分钟使用“伊始”, 这完全符合美国儿科学会对4岁儿童 每天使用电子厂品不超过一小时 的建议。
usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法; recommended:v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;(recommend的过去分词和过去式) Academy:n.学院;研究院;学会;专科院校; Pediatrics:n.小儿科;
Some people believe only site-based preschool can work, and to them, we say: site-based preschool is great, but if you can't get a child there or if a parent won't send a child there, isn't a technology-delivered, results-based option a great alternative ? 还有些人只相信实体幼儿园。 我们是这样回应的: 虽然实体幼儿园的效果极佳, 但是对于不能或者不愿意 把孩子送到实体幼儿园的父母, 科学、务实的 伊始“, 难道不是一个绝佳的解决方案吗？
option:n.选择;可选择的东西; alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
And we love working with site-based preschools . 同时我们也乐意与实体幼儿园合作。
preschools:adj.未满学龄的;就学前的,入学前的;n.幼儿园,育幼院;
Right now, there are 800 children in Mississippi going to Head Start during the day and doing UPSTART at night with their families. 目前,在密西西比州有800名孩子 白天去上头脑启蒙学校, 晚上和家人一起接受”伊始“教育。
Our audacious idea is to take UPSTART across the country -- not to replace anything; we want to serve children who otherwise would not have access to early education. 我们的宏愿是让”伊始“ 遍布整个美国—— 不是做教育的替代品, 而是让原本无缘接受早教 的孩子接受早教。
audacious:adj.无畏的;鲁莽的;
We have the guts to take on the skeptics, we have the energy to do the work, and we have a plan. 我们有勇气面对流言蜚语, 有能力去开展工作, 也有完整的计划。
have the guts:有勇气;
It is the role of the states to educate their children. 教育孩子们是州政府的责任。
So first we will use philanthropy dollars to go into a state to pilot the program and get data. 所以我们首先用慈善基金, 督促州政府推广”伊始“,获取数据。
philanthropy:n.博爱,慈善;慈善事业;
Every state believes it's unique and wants to know that the program will work with its children before investing . 每个州政府都认为自己的情况特殊, 要先确认项目对当地孩子有帮助, 之后才会对我们投资。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词)
Then we identify key leaders in the state to help us champion UPSTART as an option for unserved children. 之后我们会找到州政府有关领导 帮我们推广”伊始“, 旨在帮助无法接触早教的孩子。
identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: unserved:供不应求;未服役的
And together, we go to state legislatures to transition UPSTART from philanthropy to sustainable and scalable state funding . 我们会一起向州立法机构申请 把”伊始“由慈善机构转变为 平稳运行、规模化的州立基金。
legislatures:n.立法机关(legislature的复数); transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; scalable:adj.可攀登的;可去鳞的;可称量的; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词)
That plan has worked -- 这个计划已经成功了。
(Applause) （掌声）
Thanks. 谢谢。
Thank you. 谢谢你们。
That plan has worked in three states to date: 到目前为止,此计划已经 在三个州获得了成功:
Utah, Indiana and South Carolina . 犹他州,印第安纳州 和南卡罗来纳州。
Carolina:n.卡罗莱纳州(在美国东南部);
We've also piloted the program in a number of states and identified champions. 我们也在一些州进行了试点, 获得了认可。
identified:v.确认;认出;找到;发现;说明身份;(identify的过去式和过去分词)
Next, we're moving to states with the greatest geographic barriers to work the plan, and then on to states that already have early education but may not be getting great academic results or great parent buy-in to participate. 接下来,我们会去地理位置恶劣的州 来推广我们的计划。 然后会去已经有早教项目 但是效果有待加强的州, 或者邀请一些对我们项目 认可的家长来参与。
geographic:adj.地理的;地理学的; buy-in:n.(证券或商品交易中的)空头购入; vt.(证券或商品市场上在交割日期前以空头)买进; vi.(证券或商品市场上在交割日期前以空头)买进;
From there, we go to the states that are going to require the most data and work to convince , and we'll hope our momentum helps turn the tide there. 接下来,我们会去 需要大量的数据和工作来说服的州, 我们希望用实际效果让他们回心转意。
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力; tide:n.潮汐; v.顺应潮水航行;
We will serve a quarter of a million children in five years, and we will ensure that states continue to offer UPSTART to their children. 我们预计在五年内服务25万名儿童。 我们始终确保在各地提供“伊始”。
ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
Here's how you can help: for two thousand dollars, we can provide a child with UPSTART, a computer and internet, and that child will be part of the pilot that makes certain other children get UPSTART in the future. 我们需要捐款: 只要两千美金, 就可以为一名儿童提供电脑、 网络和“伊始”教育。 在这个孩子长大以后, 将会帮助更多的孩子得到“伊始”教育。
We also need engaged citizens to go to their government and say just how easy it can be to get children ready for school. 我们也需要热心市民游说各地政府, 让孩子们接受早教一点都不难。
engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式)
You wouldn't be here if you weren't an engaged citizen, so we're asking for your help. 在座的应该都是热心市民, 不然大家就不会来了, 所以我恳求大家的帮助。
Now, will all of us this make UPSTART a watershed moment in early education? 那么,我们大家能不能让 “伊始”成为早教的分水岭？
I believe together we can make it one. 我相信只要我们团结一致就能做到。
But I can tell you without a doubt that UPSTART is a watershed moment in the life of a child who otherwise would not be ready for school. 但是我可以负责任的说: 对于原本得不到学前教育的孩子们, ”伊始“无疑是他们人生的分水岭。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) （掌声）