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ClaireMalone_2021X-_宇宙中下落不明的百分之九十六_
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| Have you ever taken your 3-D glasses off at the cinema? |
你有在电影院里 把你的 3D 眼镜摘下来过吗？ |
| The picture looks blurry and it can be difficult to see exactly what is happening. |
画面会看起来模糊, 而且很难看清到底发生了什么。 |
| This is because 3-D glasses trick our brain into forming a 3-D image by controlling the color of the light that each sees using a different filter in each lens . |
这是因为 3D 眼镜促使我们的大脑 形成一个 3D 的图像, 而这是通过在每块镜片 使用不同的滤镜 来控制每个人所看到的光线颜色。 |
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blurry:adj.模糊的;污脏的;不清楚的; filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行; lens:n.透镜,镜头;晶状体;隐形眼镜;汽车的灯玻璃;v.给…摄影;
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| You could say sometimes seeing things from a different perspective can make them look clearer and easier to understand. |
换句话说,有时候从不同角度看事物 可以使它们看起来更清晰易懂。 |
| This is exactly the approach that has helped me with my research, looking to answer some of the most fundamental questions we have about our universe. |
正是这个方法帮助了我的研究, 希望能解答我们关于宇宙的一些 最基本的问题。 |
| To put this in a different context , |
换一个情况来说, |
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perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
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| I could see some people finding my voice difficult to understand due to my cerebral palsy as an insurmountable barrier to giving a TED Talk. |
由于我患有脑瘫,来做 TED 演讲 无疑有巨大的障碍, 我知道有些人 会觉得我的声音很奇怪。 |
| Even if I saw that there are alternative ways for people who have difficulties with communication to speak to an audience, |
即便我知道有其他办法 让有交流困难的人们 来向观众演说。 |
| I could be put off from using them, thinking that this dry computerized voice has no life in it and would put you all to sleep within five minutes. |
使用它们却可能 会让观众对我反感, 认为这无味的电子嗓音没有生命, 而且会在五分钟内让大家都睡着。 |
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cerebral palsy:n.大脑性瘫痪; insurmountable:adj.不能克服的;不能超越的;难以对付的; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住; alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; computerized:adj.电脑的; v.用电子计算机控制(computerize的过去分词);
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| Alternatively , I could see the dodgy female British synthesized voice as something to be embraced , pepper this talk with jokes and gags , sometimes at the poor communication aid's expense , and hopefully make you laugh and keep you engaged with what I want to tell you about. |
要么我可以选择勉强接受这难听的 合成英式女声, 然后用玩笑和打诨来点缀这次演讲, 有时再用这糟糕的发声器 作为笑话素材, 希望能让各位笑笑, 并让大家关注我所想说的内容。 |
| Luckily for you, I have chosen the second option . |
对各位而言,所幸我选了后者。 |
| And what do I want to tell you about? |
那么,我想告诉大家什么呢？ |
| I'm here to tell you that we have completely misplaced 96 percent of the entire universe, everything in existence. |
我在这里是为了告诉各位, 我们完全搞错了宇宙中、 所有存在的事物中, 96% 事物的位置。 |
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Alternatively:adv.非此即彼;二者择一地;作为一种选择; dodgy:adj.狡猾的,逃避的;善于骗人的;躲闪的; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; synthesized:adj.合成的;综合的;v.合成(synthesize的过去分词);综合; embraced:v.拥抱;欣然接受,乐意采纳;信奉;包含;(embrace的过去分词和过去式) pepper:n.胡椒;辣椒;胡椒粉;v.加胡椒粉于;使布满; gags:n.[机]塞口物; v.堵住…的嘴; expense:n.费用;开支;花费;开销; engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式) option:n.选择;可选择的东西; misplaced:adj.不合时宜的; v.乱放(而一时找不到); (misplace的过去式和过去分词)
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| That's an awful lot of missing socks. |
就好像家里袜子几乎全都少一只。 |
| I am a particle physicist analyzing data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Switzerland to answer the most fundamental questions about our universe. |
我是一位粒子物理学家, 在瑞士的欧洲核子研究所对 大型强子对撞机的数据进行分析 来回答关于我们宇宙最基本的问题。 |
| At school, I was the archetypal geeky kid just wanting to get the other lessons done to get into the science lab. |
在学校,我曾是典型的书呆小孩, 只想通过完成其它课程 来进到科学实验室里。 |
| My work now focuses on what I truly believe is one of the greatest achievements of scientific research in the last century. |
我现在的工作围绕在我真心相信 是上世纪科学研究最伟大的 成就之一。 |
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particle:n.颗粒;[物]质点;极小量;小品词; physicist:n.物理学家;物理学研究者; analyzing:adj.分析的;v.分析(analyze的现在分词); Hadron:n.[高能]强子(参与强相互作用的基本粒子); Collider:n.对撞机;碰撞机; archetypal:adj.[生物]原型的; geeky:adj.(俚)令人讨厌的; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
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| A scientific model that describes the properties and behavior of all the known particles in the universe. |
一个描述宇宙所有已知粒子的 特性和行为的科学模型。 |
| And as particle physicists have no imagination , we call it the Standard Model. |
而因为粒子学家缺乏想象力, 我们称它为标准模型理论 （Standard Model）。 |
| For me, having one model with so much power is as close as science gets to describing nature at its most basic level. |
对我而言,拥有一个如此强大的模型 是科学能在最基础的层面上 解释自然的方式。 |
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describes:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;(describe的第三人称单数) particles:n.微粒,粒子;粒子系统;碎木料(particle的复数形式); physicists:n.物理学家;机械唯物论者(physicist的复数); imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; Standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; describing:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的现在分词)
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| When I first heard about the Standard Model, it really blew my mind and gave me the passion to focus on my studies in physics. |
在我第一次听说标准模型理论时, 它完全颠覆了我的思维, 并给予了我投入对物理学习的热情。 |
| But I also knew that I would have to think about them a little differently to my fellow students. |
但我也知道 与我的同学们相比 我对它们的想法 稍有不同。 |
| For example, I had to demonstrate in examinations that I had understood the practical techniques that I had been taught. |
比如,我需要在考试中 展现处自己已经理解了 课上教给我的实验技巧。 |
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passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
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| Due to my disability , |
因为我的残疾, |
| I don't have enough control of my hands to be able to pick up laboratory equipment and use it. |
我没法很好的控制我的手, 没法拿起实验器材并正常使用, |
| So I had to effectively borrow someone else's hands. |
因此,我不得不借助他人的双手辅助。 |
| I practiced giving extremely detailed instructions to my assistant about how to use the equipment in order to perform the experiment. |
我练习过给我的助手 非常详细的指导, 教他们如何使用器材来进行实验。 |
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disability:n.残疾;无能;无资格;不利条件; laboratory:n.实验室,研究室; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; perform:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好);
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| Seeing experiments from the perspective of a series of instructions that I had to give as clearly as possible really helped me get into the mindset I needed to understand how I could perform well in my practicals, which I did. |
从指导的角度去看待实验, 非常明确的讲解也 确实帮助我获得了该有的心态 得以理解怎样在实验考核中取得好成绩, 而我也确实表现不错。 |
| Recognizing that I was able to look at such issues in a different way, helped me to find the tenacity to persevere with mastering the practical side of my scientific studies rather than letting my physical limitations stop me. |
认识到我能够从不同角度看待问题, 帮助我找到了精通 我的科学研究实践部分 所需的那份坚持, 而不是让我的身体限制我。 |
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series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态; Recognizing:v.认识;认出;承认;接受,赞成(recognize的现在分词) issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) tenacity:n.韧性;固执;不屈不挠;黏性; persevere:vi.坚持;不屈不挠;固执己见(在辩论中); physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; limitations:n.局限性;(限制)因素;边界(limitation的复数形式);
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| Now, my research with the Large Hadron Collider involves me writing a lot of code to analyze the data used to study the standard model. |
现在,我和强子对撞机的相关研究, 需要我写好多代码来分析数据, 以用来研究标准模型。 |
| I dictate what I would like my assistants to type, as typing it for myself would be too slow and effortful. |
我指示我的助手打出我想要的代码, 毕竟由我自己来会很慢且很费力。 |
| It does take a slightly different mindset to speak your work rather than write it, especially when all the education you receive is aimed at people who can quickly scribble things down. |
说和写出这些代码 确实需要略微不同的思维, 特别是当你接受的所以教育 都是为了能很快记录下来的人设计时。 |
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involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数) analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse); dictate:v.决定;口述;支配;强行规定;n.规定;命令; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; scribble:n.潦草写成的东西; vt.乱写; vi.乱写;
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| However, I have found that telling myself that I am doing basically the same actions as everyone else has helped me to understand how to proceed in pursuing my passion for physics. |
但是,我发现告诉自己 我和其他人所做的其实本质上一样 帮助了我理解如何在我追求 自己对物理热情的道路上前进。 |
| Now, you know how I do my research. |
现在,你知道我是如何做研究的了。 |
| Let's get back to my favorite model and hopefully yours after this talk, because unfortunately , we have a bit of a major snag . |
让我们回到我最爱,也希望 在这演讲后会是你们最爱的模型上, 因为不幸的是, 我们遇到了一个巨大障碍。 |
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basically:adv.主要地,基本上; proceed:n.收入;卖得金额;收益;v.继续;接着做;行进;前往; pursuing:v.追求;致力于;贯彻;跟踪;追赶;(pursue的现在分词) unfortunately:adv.不幸地; snag:n.障碍; vt.抓住机会; vi.被绊住;
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| The Standard Model only describes four percent of the universe. |
标准模型只描述了宇宙的百分之四。 |
| To understand why, you have to look at how fast galaxies are spinning . |
为了理解这是为什么, 你必须考虑星系的旋转有多快。 |
| Newton's laws tell us that they would simply fly apart if there wasn't some other kind of massive substance within them to bring them together. |
牛顿定律告诉我们, 如果星系之间没有某些 其它种类的巨大来将它们聚在一起, 物质会四散分离。 |
| This missing mass is called dark matter , and we observe that it accounts for 23 percent of the universe. |
这些下落不明的东西就是 “暗物质”, 而我们观察到 它占据了宇宙的 23%。 |
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galaxies:n.银河; (galaxy的复数) spinning:n.纺纱(手艺):纺线v.(使)旋转:纺线:纺纱;(spin的现在分词) massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; substance:n.物质;实质;主旨;物品; dark matter:n.暗物质(根据一些理论,指太空中不反射光的物质); observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视;
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| So what about the rest? |
那么剩下的呢？ |
| Well, the discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating rather than decelerating due to gravitational attraction, points to the existence of a force acting against gravity. |
好吧,因为引力宇宙扩张速度 在加快而非减慢的发现, 表明有一股力在和引力相对。 |
| We call this force dark energy, and it accounts for the remaining 73 percent of the universe. |
我们将这股力称为 “暗能量”, 而它占据了宇宙剩下的 73%。 |
| Neither dark matter nor dark energy are included in the Standard Model. |
暗物质和暗能量 都没被包含在基本模型里, |
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expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大; accelerating:adj.促进的,[物]加速的;催化的; decelerating:adj.使减速的;v.减速(decelerate的ing形式); gravitational:adj.[力]重力的,[力]引力的;
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| So there is a staggering 96 percent of the universe that we know absolutely nothing about. |
所以说,我们对宇宙整整 96% 的部分 一无所知。 |
| Therefore, it turns out that my favorite model, that I thought could describe every particle in the universe, isn't as all encompassing as I initially thought. |
因此,我最爱的模型, 我曾认为描述了宇宙里 所有粒子的模型, 实际上,并非我最初 所想的那么包罗万象。 |
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staggering:adj.惊人的; v.蹒跚; (stagger的现在分词) absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; encompassing:adj.包含的;包容的,环绕;v.围绕,包围(encompass的ing形式); initially:adv.最初,首先;开头;
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| So is there a way to look at the particles that are already described by the Standard Model differently in order to discover these absent particles? |
那么,有没有一种不同的方式 来看待已经被标准模型描述过的粒子 用来找到这些下落不明的粒子呢？ |
| You might think that we would be racking our brains to design detectors that could produce some kind of photograph of these elusive particles to prove that they are there. |
你可能觉得我们会绞尽脑汁来设计 能为这些难以找到的粒子 拍照成像的探测仪 以证明它们存在。 |
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described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) absent:adj.缺席的;缺少的;心不在焉的;茫然的;v.使缺席; racking:n.推压动作; adj.拷问的; v.折磨; detectors:n.探测器;侦测设备(detector的复数); elusive:adj.难懂的;易忘的;逃避的;难捉摸的;
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| Surely if you want to find something that's missing, that's the general approach you have to take, right? |
毕竟如果你想找到 某件下落不明的东西, 这是你所需的一般方式,对吧？ |
| Wrong. |
不对。 |
| We actually just have to accept the fact that these missing particles are not going to interact with our detectors, whatever we do. |
我们其实只需接受这些粒子不见的事实, 反正无论我们做什么 都不会影响我们探测器, 就可以了。 |
| But that's not game over. |
但并不是说这就完事了。 |
| In the same way that I didn't give up on being able to do laboratory experiments myself, but instead used someone else's hands, we use the particles that we can detect to spy on the particles that we think are there but hiding. |
和我没有放弃 通过借助他人的双手, 来自己做实验一样, 我们利用我们可见的粒子 来窥探我们认为存在 却无法观测的粒子。 |
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interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
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| At the Large Hadron Collider, we accelerate particles to speeds very close to the speed of light such that they smash into each other and release enormous amounts of energy. |
在大型强子对撞机那里, 我们将粒子加速到接近光速 使它们互相撞击 并释放出极大量的能量。 |
| We use protons that are found in the atoms that comprise all the matter that we see around us, including you and me. |
我们使用存在于原子中的质子, 而原子组成所有 我们所见身边的物质, 包括你我。 |
| However, it is when these protons collide head on that the really interesting physics happens. |
然而,在这些质子迎头相撞时 会产生很有趣的物理现象。 |
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accelerate:v.加快;加速;n.接受速成教育的学生; smash:v.粉碎; n.破碎; adj.了不起的; release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; protons:n.[物]质子;氢核(proton的复数); atoms:n.[物]原子(atom的复数); comprise:vt.包含;由…组成;
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| Such colossal amounts of energy are released that particles that are fundamentally different from the protons that we began with are created. |
释放的能量之多 导致与我们最初使用的 质子有本质上区别的粒子, 在质子撞击之后 诞生。 |
| It's a bit like if you smashed two apples against each other, expecting them to turn into something completely different, like a pile of cherries . |
这有点像如果你拿两个苹果对撞, 预料它们变成完全不同的东西, 比如说一堆樱桃。 |
| Using extremely sophisticated detectors, we are able to tell what kinds of particles have been made, but only the types we already know about. |
使用极度复杂的侦测器, 我们能知道产生了什么种类的粒子, 但也仅限于我们已知的种类。 |
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colossal:adj.巨大的;异常的,非常的; released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地 smashed:adj.大醉;v.打碎;(使)猛烈撞击;(用力)撞开;(smash的过去分词和过去式) pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置; cherries:n.樱桃;车厘子;油嘴(cherry的复数形式); sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的;
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| So how are we going to find these other mysterious particles? |
那么我们该怎么找到 那些神秘粒子呢？ |
| Fortunately, a fundamental law of nature comes to our rescue and allows us to study these particle collisions from a different perspective. |
幸运的是,自然的 一项基本法则能帮助我们, 并允许我们通过其它角度 来学习这些粒子撞击。 |
| Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred . |
能量既不能被创造 也无法被毁灭,只能被转移。 |
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mysterious:adj.神秘的;不可思议的;难解的; rescue:n.救援;抢救;营救;获救;v.抢救;营救;援救; collisions:n.[物]碰撞;冲突;撞击(collision的复数形式); transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式)
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| If you add up the energy of the particles before and after the collision, you would find that they are equal. |
如果你计算撞击前后粒子的能量, 你会发现它们相等。 |
| We know the energy of the protons entering the collision and we make very sensitive measurements of the energy of the particles that come out. |
我们知道质子撞击前的能量, 并且我们精准测量这些粒子 释放的能量。 |
| If those two energies are not identical , alarm bells start to ring. |
若前后的能量不相同, 那就有问题了。 |
| Perhaps one of the principles that underpin our understanding of nature, conservation of energy, is incorrect. |
有可能是构成我们对自然, 能量守恒的理解基础的 原则之一是错误的。 |
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sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; measurements:n.测量值,尺寸(measurement的复数); identical:adj.同一的;完全相同的;n.完全相同的事物; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) underpin:vt.巩固;支持;从下面支撑;加强…的基础; conservation:n.保存,保持;保护;
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| Or as everyone is hoping, the missing energy could have been stolen by particles that elude our detectors and could help us answer some of the most fundamental questions we have in physics today. |
或者像大家期望的那样, 消失的能量被躲过我们探测器的粒子 给偷走了, 并可能帮助我们回答 一些当下物理学 最基本的问题。 |
| Now, I know what you are going to ask me. |
现在,我知道你要问我什么。 |
| Have you found the missing particles yet? |
你们找到下落不明的粒子了吗？ |
| Sadly, we haven't. |
可惜的是,我们还没有。 |
| Some people might see this as a reason to lose hope that we are ever going to fully understand the basic building blocks of the cosmos . |
有些人可能会把这当作 丢掉希望的一个理由, 这份我们终究会完全理解 宇宙基本组成的希望。[11:01] |
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elude:vt.逃避,躲避; building blocks:(儿童玩的)积木;建筑砌块;堆积木;建筑砖块;基石; cosmos:n.宇宙;和谐;秩序;大波斯菊;
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| However, I believe that this is perhaps the most exciting time to be conducting fundamental physics as we have so much left to discover. |
但我相信这可能是投身基础物理学 最令人兴奋的时期, 因为还有太多等待我们来发现。 |
| But aside from thinking about some of the most exciting questions in science, |
不过除去思考一些科学里 最激动人心的问题, |
| I find that being open to seeing a situation from a different perspective is most meaningful when applied on a personal scale . |
我发现愿意用 一种不同的观点来看一件事 在个人层面上是最有意义的。 |
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conducting:v.组织;安排;实施;指挥;引导;导游(conduct的现在分词) meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的; applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式) personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
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| It encourages you to seek out the positive in each person and situation, no matter how difficult, and use it to bring out not only our own potential , but that of those around us. |
它鼓励你去寻找每个人、 每件事的优点,不论有多困难, 并且以此来激发不只是我们自己, 还有身边人们的潜力。 |
| I feel this is something we could all benefit from at the moment. |
我觉得这是能使我们 都受益匪浅的一件事。 |
| It doesn't always mean that you will find what you're looking for right away or that it will be easy. |
它并不意味着你会 马上找到你所正在寻找的 或者过程会简单。 |
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seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求; positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; bring out:出版,生产;使显示;说出; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; right away:立刻;
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| But for me, this mindset helped me get where I am today, and it keeps me going. |
但是对我而言, 这个心态帮我达到了今天的高度, 它还是我的动力。 |
| Looking at the world around us today, we are surrounded by big questions without obvious answers. |
看看今天 我们身边的世界, 我们被没有明确答案的 深奥问题包围着, |
| Perhaps by embracing a new way of thinking, by being truly open to other people who don't share our perspective, we might just be able to discover new solutions to the problems we are all facing. |
也许通过接纳一种新思路, 通过真正对持有不同观点的 人们保持开放心态, 我们或许能够发现新的解决方案 来应对我们都在面对的问题。 |
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obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; embracing:n.拥抱;v.拥抱,包含;(embrace的现在分词)
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| Thank you. |
谢谢大家。 |