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ChristopherSoghoian_2016T-_你的智能手机关乎公民权利_
In the spring of 2016, a legal battle between Apple and the Federal Bureau of Investigation captured the world's attention. 在2016年的春季, 一场在苹果公司和美国联邦调查局之间的战争 吸引了全世界的注意。
legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; Federal Bureau of Investigation:un.联邦调查统计局; captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词)
Apple has built security features into its mobile products which protect data on its devices from everyone but the owner. 苹果在其出产的手机产品里设置了安全系统, 能够保护使用者的数据不被泄露。
mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
That means that criminals, hackers and yes, even governments are all locked out. 这意味着,犯罪分子、黑客,是的,甚至是政府 都被拒之门外。
hackers:n.黑客,骇客;电脑黑客(hacker的复数);
For Apple's customers, this is a great thing. 对于苹果的客户而言,这太棒了。
But governments are not so happy. 但政府就不那么高兴了。
You see, Apple has made a conscious decision to get out of the surveillance business. 苹果公司做了一个清醒的决定, 让自己远离监视活动。
conscious:adj.意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的; surveillance:n.监督;监视;
Apple has tried to make surveillance as difficult as possible for governments and any other actors. 苹果让监视变得极其困难, 不论是政府还是其他任何他人。
There are really two smartphone operating systems in the global smartphone market: iOS and Android . 在全球智能手机市场上 只有两个（主流）操作系统: iOS和安卓。
smartphone:n.智能手机; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; Android:n.机器人;安卓操作系统;
iOS is made by Apple. Android is made by Google . iOS是苹果公司的,安卓系统是Google开发的。
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎;
Apple has spent a lot of time and money to make sure that its products are as secure as possible. 苹果花了很长时间和金钱 来确保其产品具备极佳的安全性。
Apple encrypts all data stored on iPhones by default , and text messages sent from one Apple customer to another Apple customer are encrypted by default without the user having to take any actions. 苹果为储存在iPhone里的数据默认加密, 苹果手机间传送的短信 也被默认加密, 无需用户进行任何设置。
encrypts:vt.将…译成密码; default:n.违约;拖欠;缺席;缺陷;v.违约;拖欠;缺乏;不履行; encrypted:v.把…加密(或编码);(encrypt的过去式和过去分词)
What this means is that, if the police seize an iPhone and it has a password, they'll have a difficult time getting any data off of it, if they can do it at all. 这就意味着, 如果警察拿到一部带有密码的苹果手机, 他们将很难从手机中拿到任何数据, 几乎不可能。
seize:v.抓住;夺取;理解;逮捕;
In contrast , the security of Android just really isn't as good. 相反的,安卓系统的安全性就没有那么好了。
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比;
Android phones, or at least most of the Android phones that have been sold to consumers , do not encrypt data stored on the device by default, and the built-in text messaging app in Android does not use encryption . 安卓手机,或者至少是大部分售卖给顾客的 安卓手机, 没有默认加密手机中储存的数据, 安卓中内置的短信应用也没有使用加密。
consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) built-in:adj.嵌入的;固定的;n.内置; encryption:n.加密;加密术;
So if the police seize an Android phone, chances are, they'll be able to get all the data they want off of that device. 如果警察拿到了一部安卓手机, 他们很有可能从那部手机中拿到想要 获得的全部数据。
Two smartphones from two of the biggest companies in the world; one that protects data by default, and one that doesn't. 两种智能手机, 由世界上最大的两个公司出产, 一个默认保护用户数据, 一个不是。
smartphones:智能手机(smartphone的复数);
Apple is a seller of luxury goods. 苹果售卖的是昂贵的产品,
luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的;
It dominates the high end of the market. 占据高端市场。
dominates:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的第三人称单数)
And we would expect a manufacturer of luxury goods to have products that include more features. 我们自然会期待奢侈品制造商的产品 有更多功能。
manufacturer:n.生产商;生产者;制造者;
But not everyone can afford an iPhone. 但并不是每个人都能买得起一部iPhone。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
That's where Android really, really dominates: at the middle and low end of the market, smartphones for the billion and a half people who cannot or will not spend 600 dollars on a phone. 这就是安卓系统真正占领的市场: 中低端市场, 十五亿无法负担, 或是不愿意花600美元 购买手机的用户。
But the dominance of Android has led to what I call the " digital security divide." 但安卓系统手机的市场优势导致了我所说的 “数字安全分化”。
dominance:n.优势;统治;支配; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
That is, there is now increasingly a gap between the privacy and security of the rich, who can afford devices that secure their data by default, and of the poor, whose devices do very little to protect them by default. 也就是,穷人和富人的隐私安全状况 出现了越来越大的差异。 那些买得起默认保护数据的电子产品的富人, 以及那些使用 无法保证安全的电子产品的穷人。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
So, think of the average Apple customer: a banker, a lawyer, a doctor, a politician . 想想看,苹果的用户一般来说是: 银行家,律师,医生,政客。
politician:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;
These individuals now increasingly have smartphones in their pockets that encrypt their calls, their text messages, all the data on the device, without them doing really anything to secure their information. 这些人越来越倾向于使用这些手机, 能够默认保护他们的通话,他们的短信息, 以及手机上的所有数据, 而不需要做任何额外设置。
individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
In contrast, the poor and the most vulnerable in our societies are using devices that leave them completely vulnerable to surveillance. 相对的,那些穷人,和那些社会里最不受保护的人, 使用的电子设备却将他们轻易地暴露于被监控的危险。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
In the United States, where I live, 在美国,我居住的地方,
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
African-Americans are more likely to be seen as suspicious or more likely to be profiled , and are more likely to be targeted by the state with surveillance. 非洲裔美国人更容易被怀疑, 或是更容易被记录在案, 更容易被国家列为监视目标。
suspicious:adj.可疑的;怀疑的;多疑的; profiled:v.描绘…轮廓,评论人物(profile的过去式);
But African-Americans are also disproportionately likely to use Android devices that do nothing at all to protect them from that surveillance. 但是,非洲裔美国人大多使用 那些无法保护他们隐私的 安卓系统手机。
disproportionately:adv.不成比例地;
This is a problem. 这是个问题。
We must remember that surveillance is a tool. 我们必须记住,监视是一个工具。
It's a tool used by those in power against those who have no power. 一个被有权力的人掌控, 用来对付没有权力的人的工具。
And while I think it's absolutely great that companies like Apple are making it easy for people to encrypt, if the only people who can protect themselves from the gaze of the government are the rich and powerful, that's a problem. 我认为苹果这样的公司自动加密 保护用户的隐私,真的值得称赞, 但如果那些能够保护自己 不被政府轻易监视的人 是有钱且有权的, 这就是个问题。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视;
And it's not just a privacy or a cybersecurity problem. 这不仅仅是一个关于隐私或是网络安全的问题。
cybersecurity:网络安全;网络空间安全;
It's a civil rights problem. 这是关于公民权利的问题。
civil rights:na.公民权;
So the lack of default security in Android is not just a problem for the poor and vulnerable users who are depending on these devices. 因此,安卓系统没有默认安全设置的问题, 不仅仅是关乎那些使用这部电子产品的 贫穷且容易受伤害的用户。
This is actually a problem for our democracy . 这其实是个事关我们民主的问题。
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
I'll explain what I mean. 我解释下这是什么意思。
Modern social movements rely on technology -- from Black Lives Matter to the Arab Spring to Occupy Wall Street . 当代的社会运动依赖科技—— 从“珍视黑人生命”到“阿拉伯之春”,再到“占领华尔街”。
rely:vi.依靠;信赖; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; Occupy:v.占据,占领;居住;使忙碌; Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地);
The organizers of these movements and the members of these movements increasingly communicate and coordinate with smartphones. 这些运动的组织者和参与这些运动的人们 越来越多地使用智能手机来联络和组织活动。
organizers:n.主办单位,组织者(organizer的复数形式); coordinate:n.坐标; v.协调; adj.同等的;
And so, naturally governments that feel threatened by these movements will also target the organizers and their smartphones. 于是,那些感到自身政权被这些运动所威胁的政府, 会盯上组织者和他们的智能手机。
naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
Now, it's quite possible that a future Martin Luther King or a Mandela or a Gandhi will have an iPhone and be protected from government surveillance. 很有可能, 未来的马丁路德金,或是曼德拉,又或者是甘地, 会用iPhone来保护自己不受政府监视。
Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖);
But chances are, they'll probably have a cheap, $20 Android phone in their pocket. 但也有可能, 他们的口袋里只有一个便宜的20美元的安卓手机。
And so if we do nothing to address the digital security divide, if we do nothing to ensure that everyone in our society gets the same benefits of encryption 如果我们对电子设备安全问题置之不理, 如果我们不确保社会里的每个人 都能得到电子产品安全加密的保护,
ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
and is equally able to protect themselves from surveillance by the state, not only will the poor and vulnerable be exposed to surveillance, but future civil rights movements may be crushed before they ever reach their full potential . 能够平等地保护自身不被国家监视, 不仅仅是那些贫穷和易受伤害的人会暴露在监视下, 未来的公民权利运动也有可能 在它们真正兴起之前被扼杀。
exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式) crushed:v.压坏;压伤;挤压变形;(crush的过去分词和过去式) potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Helen Walters: Chris, thank you so much. 海伦·沃特(HW):克里斯,非常感谢你。
I have a question for you. 我有一个问题想要问你。
We saw recently in the press that Mark Zuckerberg from Facebook covers over his camera and does something with his headphone mic jack. 我们近期从媒体获知, 脸书的马克·扎克伯格把（电脑）摄像头遮盖起来了, 并且也对自己的耳机麦克风做了些保护。
recently:adv.最近;新近; headphone:n.双耳式耳机;头载数话器;戴在头上的收话器;
So I wanted to ask you a personal question, which is: 我想问你一个比较私人的问题:
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
Do you do that? 你也这样做吗？
And, on behalf of everyone here, particularly myself, 另外,我们在座的各位,包括我自己,
on behalf of:代表;为了; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
Should we be doing that? 需要这样做吗？
Should we be covering these things? 我们也需要把这些都遮盖起来吗？
Christopher Soghoian: Putting a sticker -- actually, I like Band-Aids , 克里斯托弗·索戈扬（CS）:我喜欢用创可贴来贴住他们,
sticker:n.粘贴标签;贴纸; Band-Aids:n.创可贴;护创膏布(Band-Aid的复数);