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ChristopherSoghoian_2015U-_如何避开监控_用你口袋里的那只手机！_
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| For more than 100 years, the telephone companies have provided wiretapping assistance to governments. |
远在一百多年前 电信公司已经提供政府对监听的协助, |
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provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) wiretapping:n.窃听;窃听器;adj.搭线窃听的;
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| For much of this time, this assistance was manual . |
在当时大体上这种协助是靠人工的 － |
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manual:n.说明书;指南;使用手册;adj.用手的;手工的;体力的;手动的;
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| Surveillance took place manually and wires were connected by hand. |
监控的发生靠人力,而且线路是由人工架接的, |
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Surveillance:n.监督;监视; manually:adv.手动地;用手;
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| Calls were recorded to tape. |
往来电话被录到录音带里去; |
| But as in so many other industries, computing has changed everything. |
不过就像许多他产業一样, 电脑运算已经改变了每一件事情。 |
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computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词)
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| The telephone companies built surveillance features into the very core of their networks. |
电信公司把监控功能建置在 它们网路的最核心处。 |
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core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
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| I want that to sink in for a second: |
我要大家好好思索一下这个: |
| Our telephones and the networks that carry our calls were wired for surveillance first. |
我们的电话和承载我们收发话线路网 被架线是以监控当优先考量 － |
| First and foremost . |
「最优先而且最重要的」。 |
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First and foremost:首先;首要的是;
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| So what that means is that when you're talking to your spouse , your children, a colleague or your doctor on the telephone, someone could be listening. |
这个意思就是当你与你的另一半、 小孩、同事、医生正在讲电话时, 某人可以正在听着。 |
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spouse:n.配偶;vt.和…结婚; colleague:n.同事,同僚;
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| Now, that someone might be your own government; it could also be another government, a foreign intelligence service, or a hacker , or a criminal, or a stalker |
那个某人可能是你们自己的政府, 也可以是其他国的政府、某个外事情报人员、 骇客、从事犯罪行为者、追踪者, |
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intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; hacker:n.电脑黑客,企图不法侵入他人电脑系统的人; stalker:n.跟踪者;盯梢者;悄悄接近猎物的猎人;
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| or any other party that breaks into the surveillance system, that hacks into the surveillance system of the telephone companies. |
或是破解进入监控系统的任何其他利益团体, 「骇」进了电信公司的监控系统。 |
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hacks:出租汽车;老马(hack的复数);
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| But while the telephone companies have built surveillance as a priority , |
不过在电信公司当作优先要务完成监控系统之建置的时候, |
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priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事;
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| Silicon Valley companies have not. |
硅谷科技公司们就没这么做了, |
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Silicon Valley:n.硅谷(美国加利福尼亚州一处计算机和电子公司聚集地,有时用以指任何计算机公司聚集地);
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| And increasingly , over the last couple years, |
而且在过去几年下来, |
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increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
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| Silicon Valley companies have built strong encryption technology into their communications products that makes surveillance extremely difficult. |
越来越普遍地硅谷科技公司把强大的加密技术 打造进它们的通讯产品, 这使得监控变得极度地困难。 |
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encryption:n.加密;加密术; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地;
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| For example, many of you might have an iPhone, and if you use an iPhone to send a text message to other people who have an iPhone, those text messages cannot easily be wiretapped . |
比方说你们之中的许多人也许都有 iPhone, 要是你使用 iPhone 来传送简讯 传给其他也有 iPhone 的人, 那些简讯是无法轻易就被人侧录走的; |
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text message:n.文本信息;短信息; wiretapped:v.(搭线)窃听;搭线窃听;窃听或偷录;(wiretap的过去分词和过去式)
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| And in fact, according to Apple, they're not able to even see the text messages themselves. |
而事实上据 「苹果」 所言, 他们自己也没办法看到简讯内容。 |
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according to:根据,据说;
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| Likewise , if you use FaceTime to make an audio call or a video call with one of your friends or loved ones, that, too, cannot be easily wiretapped. |
同样地如果你使用 FaceTime与你的朋友或是深爱之人 做视讯通话或者录影通话的话, 那也一样无法轻易就被人监听到的。 |
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Likewise:adv.同样地;也; FaceTime:视频聊天;视频通话;露面时间;会面时间; audio:adj.声音的;录音的;
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| And it's not just Apple. |
而且不只是「苹果」而已, |
| WhatsApp , which is now owned by Facebook and used by hundreds of millions of people around the world, also has built strong encryption technology into its product, |
现在被「脸书」所持有、 全世界上亿人口所使用的「Whatsapp」, 也已经把强大的加密系统建置在它的产品里面; |
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WhatsApp:智能手机;联络电话;
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| which means that people in the Global South can easily communicate without their governments, often authoritarian ,wiretapping their text messages. |
这代表在「圣公会南半球联盟」里面的人能够轻鬆地连络 而没有政府 － 通常是专制政府 －来侧录他们的简讯。 |
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Global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; authoritarian:adj.独裁主义的;权力主义的;n.权力主义者;独裁主义者;
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| So, after 100 years of being able to listen to any telephone call -- anytime, anywhere -- you might imagine that government officials are not very happy. |
所以在有办法随时随地听取 任何电话收发话的 100 年后, 你也许想像得出来政府官员是非常不高兴的, |
| And in fact, that's what's happening. |
而且事实上那是持续在发生的事情, |
| Government officials are extremely mad. |
政府官员们超极火大, |
| And they're not mad because these encryption tools are now available. |
他们并不是因为这些加密工具是现在可到手的而火大, |
| What upsets them the most is that the tech companies have built encryption features into their products and turned them on by default . |
让他们最生气的 是科技公司已经把加密功能建置进了它们的产品里面, 而且透过预设把它们启动着, |
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upsets:n.压折; default:n.违约;拖欠;缺席;缺陷;v.违约;拖欠;缺乏;不履行;
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| It's the default piece that matters. |
预设这檔事才是重点。 |
| In short, the tech companies have democratized encryption. |
简单来说科技公司已经让加密技术民主化了, |
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democratized:vt.使民主化;使大众化;vi.民主化;大众化;
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| And so, government officials like British Prime Minister David Cameron, they believe that all communications -- emails, texts, voice calls -- all of these should be available to governments, and encryption is making that difficult. |
也因此就像英国首相大卫．卡麦隆的政府官员们, 他们相信所有的通讯 －电子邮件、简讯、语音留言, 所有这一切对政府而言应该是可到手的, 而加密技术正使得这件事情变棘手的。 |
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Prime Minister:n.首相;总理;
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| Now, look -- I'm extremely sympathetic to their point of view . |
听好！我极度支持他们的观点 － |
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sympathetic:adj.同情的;赞同的;和谐的;n.交感神经;容易感受的人; point of view:观点;见地;立场;
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| We live in a dangerous time in a dangerous world, and there really are bad people out there. |
「我们活在一个危险的时点、在一个危险的世界, 真的有坏人就在外面, |
| There are terrorists and other serious national security threats that I suspect we all want the FBI and the NSA to monitor. |
有着恐怖分子和其他严重的国家安全威胁」, 我猜我们全都想要联邦调查局和国土安全部来监查吧。 |
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suspect:n.犯罪嫌疑人;v.怀疑;不信任;adj.可疑的;
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| But those surveillance features come at a cost. |
但是这些监控功能带有着一个成本, |
| The reason for that is that there is no such thing as a terrorist laptop , or a drug dealer's cell phone. |
理由就是并没有叫做「恐怖分子的笔电」 或是「毒品商的手机」这样子的东西, |
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laptop:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;
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| We all use the same communications devices . |
我们都使用着相同的通讯设备; |
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devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
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| What that means is that if the drug dealers' telephone calls or the terrorists' telephone calls can be intercepted , then so can the rest of ours, too. |
这所代表的意思就是假若毒品商的电话往来 或是恐怖份子的电话往来可以被拦截, 然后剩下来的我们这些人也一样可以如此被拦截。 |
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intercepted:v.拦截;拦阻;截住;(intercept的过去式和过去分词)
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| And I think we really need to ask: |
而我认为我们确实需要去问: |
| Should a billion people around the world be using devices that are wiretap friendly? |
「世界上十亿的人口应该使用 如此便于受监听的设备吗？」 |
| So the scenario of hacking of surveillance systems that I've described --this is not imaginary . |
我刚讲过骇进监控系统这场景并非是假想的, |
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scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本; hacking:v.黑客行为;砍;劈;猛踢;(hack的现在分词) described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) imaginary:adj.虚构的,假想的;想像的;虚数的;
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| In 2009, the surveillance systems that Google and Microsoft built into their networks -- the systems that they use to respond to lawful surveillance requests from the police -- |
在 2009 年时 「谷歌」和「微软」应警方合法的监控要求 而建立在他们网络里的监控系统 |
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Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
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| those systems were compromised by the Chinese government, because the Chinese government wanted to figure out which of their own agents the US government was monitoring. |
被中国政府所破解了; 因为中国政府想找出 美国政府正在监视他们的哪一位特务。 |
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compromised:v.妥协,折中,让步; (compromise的过去分词和过去式) agents:n.代理人,经纪人;原动力;(agent的复数)
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| By the same token , in 2004, the surveillance system built into the network of Vodafone Greece -- Greece's largest telephone company -- was compromised by an unknown entity , and that feature, the surveillance feature, was used to wiretap the Greek Prime Minister and members of the Greek cabinet . |
在 2004 年同样的举动, 建立在希腊最大的电信公司 －「渥达丰」网络里的监控系统 被一个找不着人的个体所破解, 而那个监控功能 被用来监听希腊总理与内阁成员的收发话, |
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token:n.代币;代金券;赠券;adj.装样子的;敷衍的;象征性的; entity:n.实体;存在;本质; cabinet:n.内阁;储藏柜;陈列柜;adj.内阁的;小房间用的;玲珑的;细木工做的;
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| The foreign government or hackers who did that were never caught. |
做这件事的其他国政府或是骇客始终没有被逮到。 |
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hackers:n.黑客,骇客;电脑黑客(hacker的复数);
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| And really, this gets to the very problem with these surveillance features, or backdoors . |
没错,有这些这些监控系统或是暗门 带来很麻烦的事情, |
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backdoors:adj.后门的,不正当的;
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| When you build a backdoor into a communications network or piece of technology, you have no way of controlling who's going to go through it. |
当你打造一个暗门进到通讯网络或是科技的一小部分里面时, 你无没掌控好谁会越过这道暗门的, |
| You have no way of controlling whether it'll be used by your side or the other side, by good guys, or by bad guys. |
你没办法掌控 到底是你这边的人还是其他方的人、 到底是好人还是坏蛋。 |
| And so for that reason, I think that it's better to build networks to be as secure as possible. |
所以冲着这理由我认为 － 建立一个尽可能戒备森严的网络是比较好的, |
| Yes, this means that in the future, encryption is going to make wiretapping more difficult. |
是的这意味着在未来 加密技术将会让监听更为困难, |
| It means that the police are going to have a tougher time catching bad guys. |
那意味着警察抓坏蛋即将会有更为艰辛的时间了; |
| But the alternative would mean to live in a world where anyone's calls or anyone's text messages could be surveilled by criminals, by stalkers and by foreign intelligence agencies . |
但是替代选项意味着要活在一个 任何人的电话、简讯可以被从事犯罪行为者、 跟踪者、外事情报特务来监控, |
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alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; surveilled:vt.对…实施监视;使受监视; stalkers:n.跟踪者;盯梢者;悄悄接近猎物的猎人;(stalker的复数) agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数);
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| And I don't want to live in that kind of world. |
而我不想活在那样的世界里。 |
| And so right now, you probably have the tools to thwart many kinds of government surveillance already on your phones and already in your pockets, you just might not realize how strong and how secure those tools are, or how weak the other ways you've used to communicate really are. |
所以此时你大概有 阻挠许多形式政府监控的工具, 已经在你的手机上头、在你的口袋里, 你只是可能不瞭解那些工具有多强大、多安全, 或是至今你用来传递讯息之其他方法确实是有多不牢靠的。 |
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thwart:vt.挫败; adj.横放的; n.划手座; v.横过; prep.横过;
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| And so, my message to you is this: |
因此我要给你的中心理念就是这个 － |
| We need to use these tools. |
「我们需要用这些工具」; |
| We need to secure our telephone calls. |
我们需要保护好我们的电话往来、 |
| We need to secure our text messages. |
我们需要保护好我们的简讯, |
| I want you to use these tools. |
我希望你们利用这些工具, |
| I want you to tell your loved ones, I want you to tell your colleagues : |
我希望你告诉你们深爱之人、同事 － |
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colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
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| Use these encrypted communications tools. |
「使用加密的传递讯息工具！」, |
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encrypted:v.把…加密(或编码);(encrypt的过去式和过去分词)
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| Don't just use them because they're cheap and easy, but use them because they're secure. |
不要只是因为便宜和简单来使用它们, 却是因为安全才使用它们。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢大家！ |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |