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ChristopherSoghoian_2013U-_政府监视－这只是个开始_
The 2011 Arab Spring captured the attention of the world. 2011年的阿拉伯之春 引起全世界的关注,
captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词)
It also captured the attention of authoritarian governments in other countries, who were worried that revolution would spread. 也受到其他国家 独裁政府的关注, 那些担心革命蔓延的政府。
authoritarian:adj.独裁主义的;权力主义的;n.权力主义者;独裁主义者; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
To respond , they ramped up surveillance of activists, journalists and dissidents who they feared would inspire revolution in their own countries. 为此,他们加强 对激进分子、记者和异己分子的监控, 害怕他们受到启发 在自己国家发动革命。
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; ramped:adj.倾斜的; v.猛撞; surveillance:n.监督;监视; journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数); dissidents:公开大唱反调者;持异议者;持不同政见者; inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
One prominent Bahraini activist , who was arrested and tortured by his government, has said that the interrogators showed him transcripts of his telephone calls and text messages. 一个著名的巴林激进分子 被政府抓捕并受到拷问, 他说讯问人给他看 他的电话记录 和短信誊本,
prominent:adj.突出的,显著的;杰出的;卓越的; activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子; tortured:adj.遭受重创的; v.拷问; (torture的过去分词和过去式) interrogators:n.质问者;询问机; transcripts:n.成绩单; v.转录;
Of course, it's no secret that governments are able to intercept telephone calls and text messages. 当然,政府可以监听电话和监视短信, 这并不是秘密,
intercept:v.拦截;截断;窃听;n.拦截;[数]截距;截获的情报;
It's for that reason that many activists specifically avoid using the telephone. 正因如此,很多激进分子 也特别避免使用电话,
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地;
Instead, they use tools like Skype , which they think are immune to interception . 而使用其他工具比如SKYPE（网络电话）, 他们认为这样就可以避免受到监视,
Skype:n.网络电话(一个网络语音沟通工具); immune:adj.免疫的;免于…的,免除的;n.免疫者;免除者; interception:n.拦截;截击;遮断;截取;
They're wrong. 他们错了。
There have now been over the last few years an industry of companies who provide surveillance technology to governments, specifically technology that allows those governments to hack into the computers of surveillance targets. 在过去几年, 一个专门提供 监听技术给政府的公司, 特别是让政府 入侵监视目标的电脑, 入侵监视目标的电脑,
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; hack:n.砍; v.砍; adj.出租的;
Rather than intercepting the communications as they go over the wire, instead they now hack into your computer, enable your webcam , enable your microphone , and steal documents from your computer. 他们除了通过窃听截听信息外, 现在他们也会入侵你的电脑, 通过你的网络摄像机,或者麦克风 盗取电脑上的文件。
intercepting:n.[数][军]截取;被截终端;v.拦截(intercept的ing形式); enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; webcam:n.网络摄像头; microphone:n.麦克风;传声器;话筒;
When the government of Egypt fell in 2011, activists raided the office of the secret police , and among the many documents they found was this document by the Gamma Corporation , by Gamma International. 2011年,当埃及政府倒台, 激进分子突袭秘密警局的办公室, 在他们发现的很多文件中, 有一份来自伽玛公司, 属于伽玛国际。
raided:v.突然搜查;偷袭;打劫;(raid的过去分词和过去式) secret police:n.秘密警察; Gamma:n.微克;希腊语的第三个字母; Corporation:n.法人;(大)公司;法人团体;市政委员会;
Gamma is a German company that manufactures surveillance software and sells it only to governments. 伽玛是一间德国公司, 生产监控软件, 产品只卖给政府,
manufactures:n.制成品(manufacture的复数);v.制造(manufacture的第三人称单数);
It's important to note that most governments don't really have the in-house capabilities to develop this software. 需要注意的是很多政府 自身并没有实力 来开发软件,
in-house:adv.内部地;adj.内部的;
Smaller ones don't have the resources or the expertise , and so there's this market of Western companies who are happy to supply them with the tools and techniques for a price. 较小的政府甚至没有资源 或者经验去开发, 所以西方的公司就有了这样的市场, 他们很愿意提供各样的工具 和技术,
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
Gamma is just one of these companies. 伽玛就是这样的一间公司,
I should note also that Gamma never actually sold their software to the Egyptian government. 我还注意到实际上伽玛 并没有把软件卖给埃及政府,
They'd sent them an invoice for a sale, but the Egyptians never bought it. 他们只是给埃及政府报价, 但是埃及人并没有买,
invoice:n.发票;货物;发货单;vt.开发票;记清单; Egyptians:n.埃及人;埃及语;(Egyptian的复数)
Instead, apparently , the Egyptian government used a free demo version of Gamma's software. 而很明显埃及政府 使用的是免费版本,
apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; demo:v.试用(尤指软件);演示;示范;n.试样唱片;录音样带;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So this screenshot is from a sales video that Gamma produced. 所以这个截图是来自 一个伽玛生产的销售视频,
screenshot:n.屏幕截图(截图软件名称);
Really, they're just emphasizing in a relatively slick presentation the fact that the police can sort of sit in an air-conditioned office and remotely monitor someone without them having any idea that it's going on. 事实上,他们只是强调, 通过一个简单的演讲, 警察可以坐在空调办公室里, 警察可以坐在空调办公室里, 远程监控某些人, 而被监视的人却无从所知。
emphasizing:v.强调(emphasize的现在分词); relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地; slick:adj.光滑的; n.[机]平滑器; v.灵活地; v.使光滑; presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送; air-conditioned:adj.备有空调装置的; v.给…装上空调器; remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地;
You know, your webcam light won't turn on. 你知道,网络摄像机的灯不会亮起,
There's nothing to indicate that the microphone is enabled . 没有任何显示麦克风是开着的。
indicate:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示; enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式)
This is the managing director of Gamma International. 这是伽玛国际的管理总裁
managing director:n.总经理;总裁;常务董事;
His name is Martin Muench. 他的名字是 Martin Muench
There are many photos of Mr. Muench that exist. 现有很多 Muench 先生的照片,
This is perhaps my favorite. 这是我最喜欢的一张,
I'm just going to zoom in a little bit onto his webcam. 我只是放大一点点他的网络摄像机,
You can see there's a little sticker that's placed over his camera. 你可以看到有一张小纸条, 那个是他的网络摄像机,
sticker:n.粘贴标签;贴纸;
He knows what kind of surveillance is possible, and so clearly he doesn't want it to be used against him. 他知道会发生什么样的监控, 并且很明显他也不想被利用 来对抗他。
Muench has said that he intends for his software to be used to capture terrorists and locate pedophiles . Muench　说过他希望 他的软件被使用 来捕捉恐怖分子和定位恋童癖的人
intends:v.打算;计划;想要(intend的第三人称单数) locate:v.确定…的准确地点;把…安置在(或建造于);创办于(某地); pedophiles:n.恋童癖者;
Of course, he's also acknowledged that once the software has been sold to governments, he has no way of knowing how it can be used. 当然,他也承认一旦 软件卖给政府, 他也不知道将被如何使用,
Gamma's software has been located on servers in countries around the world, many with really atrocious track records and human rights violations . 伽玛软件已经服务于 世界各地的国家, 很多是骇人听闻的跟踪记录 和侵犯人权的事件,
located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式) atrocious:adj.凶恶的,残暴的; track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; violations:n.违反,妨碍;违规或不雅行为(violation的复数形式);
They really are selling their software around the world. 他们会卖软件给世界各地,
Gamma is not the only company in the business. 伽玛不是这个产业里唯一的公司,
As I said , it's a $5 billion industry. 正如我说,这是一个50亿美金的行业,
As I said:正如我所说的
One of the other big guys in the industry is an Italian company called Hacking Team. 另外一个巨头是 一间意大利公司名为骇客团队　（Hacking Team）,
Hacking:v.黑客行为;砍;劈;猛踢;(hack的现在分词)
Now, Hacking Team has what is probably the slickest presentation. 骇客团队可能做出了 最花言巧语的广告,
The video they've produced is very sexy, and so I'm going to play you a clip just so you can get a feel both for the capabilities of the software but also how it's marketed to their government clients . 他们做的视频很性感, 我现在就给你们展示一个短片, 就是让你们感受下 软件究竟能做什么, 同样也看看他们是怎么推销产品 给政府顾客的
clip:v.剪辑;修剪;削减;固定;n.夹;夹子;速度;钳; clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数)
(Video) Narrator : You want to look through your target's eyes. （视频）叙述:你想看穿目标的眼睛
Narrator:n.讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员;旁白员;
(Music) （音乐）
You have to hack your target. 你必须骇客你的目标,
["While your target is browsing the web, exchanging documents, receiving SMS, crossing the borders"] ［“当你的目标浏览网页、收发文件、接收信息、跨越边境”］
browsing:v.随便看看;浏览;翻阅;浏览信息;(browse的现在分词)
You have to hit many different platforms . 你必须击中不同的平台
platforms:n.平台; v.把…放在台上;
["Windows, OS X, iOS, Android , Blackberry , Symbian, Linux "] ［“视窗、OS X、iOS、安卓、黑莓、Symbian,Linux”］
Android:n.机器人;安卓操作系统; Blackberry:n.[园艺]黑莓; Linux:n.Linux操作系统(一种类似于UNIX的计算机操作系统);
You have to overcome encryption and capture relevant data. 你必须通过加密软件 来获得相关数据
overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; encryption:n.加密;加密术; relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
[Skype encrypted calls, target location , messaging, relationships, web browsing, audio video"] [Skype 和加密电话、目标地、短信、关系、 网页、音频和视频“］
encrypted:v.把…加密(或编码);(encrypt的过去式和过去分词) location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位 audio:adj.声音的;录音的;
Being stealth and untraceable . 变得隐秘和无法追踪
stealth:n.秘密;秘密行动;鬼祟; untraceable:adj.难以描绘的;难以捉摸的;难以发现的;
["Immune to any protection system Hidden collection infrastructure "] ［不受任何保护系统影响隐藏在基础设施中］
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
Deployed all over your country. 部署在你们国家的各个角落
Deployed:v.部署(deploy的过去式);展开;
["Up to hundreds of thousands of targets Managed from a single spot"] ［”由一个单一的地方来控制超过成百上千的目标］
Exactly what we do. 正是我们所做的。
Christopher Soghoian: So, it would be funny if it wasn't true, but, in fact, Hacking Team's software is being sold to governments around the world. 柯里斯．索侯恩:所以,如果那不是真的就很有趣, 但事实上,骇客团队的软件 已经卖给世界各地的政府。
Last year we learned, for example, that it's been used to target Moroccan journalists by the Moroccan government. 例如,去年我们知道, 摩洛哥政府已经用它来监控摩洛哥的记者。
Moroccan:adj.摩洛哥的;n.摩洛哥人;
Many, many countries it's been found in. 很多很多国家已经被发现使用。
So, Hacking Team has also been actively courting the U.S. law enforcement market. 所以,骇客团队也主动地推销给 美国执法部门市场。
In the last year or so, the company has opened a sales office in Maryland . 去年左右, 公司在马里兰开了销售部门,
Maryland:n.马里兰(美国州名);
The company has also hired a spokesperson . 并雇佣了一个发言人。
spokesperson:n.发言人;代言人;
They've been attending surveillance industry conferences where law enforcement officials show up. 他们参加了 各式各樣的监控行业业內会议, 执法官员都有参加。
conferences:n.会议(conference的复数形式); law enforcement officials:执法人员;
They've spoken at the conferences. 他们在会议上发言。
What I thought was most fascinating was they've actually paid for the coffee break at one of the law enforcement conferences earlier this year. 我认为最有意思的是 今年较早前 的其中一个执法会议, 在中场休息时,他们請客喝咖啡。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) coffee break:n.工间喝咖啡休息时间;
I can't tell you for sure that Hacking Team has sold their technology in the United States, but what I can tell you that if they haven't sold it, it isn't because they haven't been trying hard. 我不能确切地告诉你骇客团队 是否在美国卖过他们的技术, 但是我可以告诉你们,如果他们没卖出去, 并不是因为他们没有尽力。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
So as I said before, governments that don't really have the resources to build their own tools will buy off-the-shelf surveillance software, and so for that reason, you see that the government of, say, Tunisia , might use the same software as the government of Germany. 所以正如我所说的, 那些政府真的没有资源 生产自家工具, 就会购买现成的监视软件, 也正因为如此, 你会看到例如突尼斯政府, 可能使用跟德国政府相同的软件,
off-the-shelf:adj.现成的;常备的;成品的;adv.现成地;无需作重大修改地; Tunisia:n.突尼斯(非洲国家);
They're all buying off-the-shelf stuff . 他们都在购买现成的东西。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
The Federal Bureau of Investigation in the United States does have the budget to build their own surveillance technology, and so for several years, I've been trying to figure out if and how the FBI is hacking into the computers of surveillance targets. 美国联邦调查局的预算 包括建立自己监听技术 并且已有数年, 我正在尝试弄明白 FBI 有没有和怎样入侵监视目标的电脑。
Federal Bureau of Investigation:un.联邦调查统计局; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
My friends at an organization called the Electronic Frontier Foundation -- they're a civil society group — obtained hundreds of documents from the FBI detailing their next generation of surveillance technologies . 我一个在电子前哨基金会工作的朋友, 这是一个民间社会组织, 得到 FBI 数百份文件, 详细描述他们下一代的监视技术,
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; Foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; obtained:v.获得(obtain的过去分词); technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
Most of these documents were heavily redacted , but what you can see from the slides, if I zoom in, is this term: 很多文件都被批量遮挡, 但是字里行间, 如果我放大,就是这些:
redacted:v.编造;编辑;(redact的过去式和过去分词)
Remote Operations Unit. 远程控制单元。
Now, when I first looked into this, 现在,当我第一次看到这些,
I'd never heard of this unit before. 我从来没听过这个单元。
I've been studying surveillance for more than six years. 我研究监视技术已经有六年多了,
I'd never heard of it. 却从来没有听过。
And so I went online and I did some research, and ultimately I hit the mother lode when I went to LinkedIn , the social networking site for job seekers . 所以我上网做了些调查, 最终找到了出处。 当我进入linkedin, 找工作的社交网站。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; mother lode:n.主矿脉;母脉; LinkedIn:人际关系网;邻客音;社交网站; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; seekers:n.探求者;搜查人;
There were lots of former U.S. government contractors who had at one point worked for the Remote Operating Unit, and were describing in surprising detail on their CVs what they had done in their former job. 有很多前美国政府的承包商 在远程控制单元 那块领域工作, 在简历中详述很多细节, 有关他们所做的事情,
contractors:n.[经]承包商;[法]立约人;合约商(contractor的复数); describing:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
So I took this information and I gave it to a journalist that I know and trust at the Wall Street Journal, and she was able to contact several other former law enforcement officials who spoke on background and confirmed that yes, in fact, the FBI has a dedicated team that does nothing but hack into the computers of surveillance targets. 所以我做了这个信息, 并且交给一个我认识信任的华尔街日报记者, 他能够联系上 其他的前执法官员, 那些证实 事实上,FBI确实存在一个团队, 专门骇客 所监视的电脑。
Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地); contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式)
Like Gamma and Hacking Team, the FBI also has the capability to remotely activate webcams , microphones , steal documents, get web browsing information, the works. 像伽玛和骇客团队, FBI 也有能力 通过远程监控摄像头,麦克风, 来盗取资料,获得网页信息, 文件。
capability:n.才能,能力;性能,容量; activate:vt.刺激;使活动;使活泼;使产生放射性;vi.激活;有活力; webcams:n.网路摄影机(webcam的复数); microphones:n.[电子]麦克风(microphone的复数);
There's sort of a big problem with governments going into hacking, and that's that terrorists, pedophiles, drug dealers, journalists and human rights activists all use the same kinds of computers. 这是一个大问题, 就是政府监听问题, 和那些恐怖分子,恋童癖者, 毒品交易者,记者们,和人权活动家 所有使用同类电脑的人,
There's no drug dealer phone and there's no journalist laptop . 没有毒品交易者的电话 也没有记者的笔记本。
drug dealer:n.毒品贩子; laptop:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;
We all use the same technology, and what that means then is that for governments to have the capability to hack into the computers of the real bad guys, they also have to have the capability to hack into our devices too. 我们都使用相同的技术, 并且那意味着对政府而言, 有能力通过电脑监视 真正的坏人, 他们还有能力 也监听我们的设备。
devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
So governments around the world have been embracing this technology. 所以全世界的政府 已拥有这项技术。
embracing:n.拥抱;v.拥抱,包含;(embrace的现在分词)
They've been embracing hacking as a law enforcement technique, but without any real debate . 他们利用骇客 作为一个执法技术, 但是没有真正意义的舆论。
debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑;
In the United States, where I live, there have been no congressional hearings. 在美国,我生活的地方, 没有国会听证会。
congressional:adj.国会的;会议的;议会的;
There's no law that's been passed specifically authorizing this technique, and because of its power and potential for abuse , it's vital that we have an informed public debate. 没有法律通过 特别授权这项技术, 并且因为它的权力和潜在的滥用, 我们很有必要让公众知晓这些事实,并且就此展开辩论。
authorizing:v.批准;授权;(authorize的现在分词) potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的; informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式)
Thank you very much. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) (掌声）