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ChristopherMcDougall_2010X-_我们天生就会奔跑_
Running -- it's basically just right, left, right, left -- yeah? 奔跑:仅仅就是左、右、左、右、-- 是么？
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
I mean, we've been doing it for two million years, so it's kind of arrogant to assume that I've got something to say that hasn't been said and performed better a long time ago. 我的意思是,我们已经奔跑了两百万年了, 由我来说一些从未谈及的和 对很久之前我们就擅长的奔跑而言 说三道四似乎有点自大。
arrogant:adj.自大的,傲慢的; assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; performed:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好)(perform的过去分词和过去式)
But the cool thing about running, as I've discovered, is that something bizarre happens in this activity all the time. 但如我所发现的,关于奔跑最酷的事 是在奔跑过程中时刻发生 奇异变化的一些事。
bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等);
Case in point: A couple months ago, if you saw the New York City Marathon, 例证:几个月前,如果你看了纽约市马拉松赛,
I guarantee you, you saw something that no one has ever seen before. 我保证你会看到一些 之前从没人见过的事。
guarantee:n.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品;v.保证;担保;
An Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu turns up at the starting line. 一名名为德拉图·图鲁的埃塞俄比亚妇女 出现在起点。
Ethiopian:adj.埃塞俄比亚的;黑人的;n.埃塞俄比亚人;黑人;
She's 37 years old, she hasn't won a marathon of any kind in eight years, and a few months previously she almost died in childbirth . 她37岁了, 她在八年内还没有赢得过任何形式的马拉松比赛, 几个月之前 她几乎在分娩中死去。
previously:adv.先前;以前; childbirth:n.分娩;
Derartu Tulu was ready to hang it up and retire from the sport, but she decided she'd go for broke and try for one last big payday in the marquee event, the New York City Marathon. 德拉图·图鲁已经准备挂靴,从此退出这项运动, 但她决定破釜沉舟 最后 在马拉松重头戏 纽约市马拉松赛上再做一次大的尝试。
go for broke:破罐子破摔; payday:n.发薪日;交割日; marquee:n.选取框;大天幕;华盖;
Except -- bad news for Derartu Tulu -- some other people had the same idea, including the Olympic gold medalist and Paula Radcliffe, who is a monster , the fastest woman marathoner in history by far. 除了 -- 对德拉图·图鲁来说是坏消息 -- 其他一些人也有同样的想法, 包括奥林匹克金牌得主 葆拉·拉德克利夫,她是个奔跑狂人, 她是史上迄今最快的女子马拉松选手。
medalist:n.奖牌获得者; monster:n.怪物;恶魔;庞然大物;adj.巨大的; marathoner:n.马拉松运动员;
Only 10 minutes off the men's world record, 仅仅比男子世界纪录慢10分钟,
Paula Radcliffe is essentially unbeatable . 葆拉·拉德克利夫本来是不可战胜的。
essentially:adv.本质上;本来; unbeatable:adj.无敌的;无以伦比的;
That's her competition . 这是她的比赛。
competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
The gun goes off, and she's not even an underdog . 发令枪响后,她不仅是落后;
underdog:n.比赛中不被看好者;失败者;受压迫者;斗败了的狗;
She's under the underdogs . 她非常落后。
underdogs:n.劣势者;输家(underdog的复数);
But the under-underdog hangs tough, and 22 miles into a 26-mile race, there is Derartu Tulu up there with the lead pack. 但她顽强不屈。 在22英里到26英里的路程上, 德拉图·图鲁在 领跑集团之中。
Now this is when something really bizarre happens. 这时非常奇异的事情发生了。
Paula Radcliffe, the one person who is sure to snatch the big paycheck out of Derartu Tulu's under-underdog hands, suddenly grabs her leg and starts to fall back. 葆拉·拉德克利夫,这个必定要夺冠的人把巨额奖金 交到了德拉图·图鲁这个落后者的手中, 突然拖着她的腿并开始落后。
snatch:n.抢夺;抓举;小量;vt.夺得;抽空做;及时救助;vi.抢走;很快接受; paycheck:n.工资;薪金;工资支票; grabs:n.链钩(grab的复数);v.抓取;捕获(grab的第三人称单数);
So we all know what to do in this situation, right? 我们都知道这种情形下要怎么做,对么？
You give her a quick crack in the teeth with your elbow and blaze for the finish line. 你会用肘在她嘴上来一击 然后奋力冲向终点。
crack:v.使破裂;打开;变声;n.裂缝;声变;噼啪声;adj.最好的;高明的; elbow:n.肘;弯头;肘状物;v.用肘推;挤进;讨价还价; blaze:vt.在树皮上刻路标; n.火焰,烈火; vi.燃烧;
Derartu Tulu ruins the script . 德拉图·图鲁没有这么做。
ruins:n.遗迹(ruin的复数形式);废墟;v.毁灭(ruin的三单形式); script:n.剧本;电影剧本;笔迹;广播(或讲话等)稿;v.为电影(或戏剧等)写剧本;
Instead of taking off, she falls back, and she grabs Paula Radcliffe, says, "Come on. Come with us. You can do it." 不是匆匆离开, 她后退并抓住葆拉·拉德克利夫, 说道,“加油,跟上我们。你能做到的。”
So Paula Radcliffe, unfortunately , does it. 因此葆拉·拉德克利夫,不幸地,这么做了。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
She catches up with the lead pack and is pushing toward the finish line. 她跟上了领先集团 并冲向终点。
But then she falls back again. 但是接下来她又一次落后了。
And the second time Derartu Tulu grabs her and tries to pull her. 德拉图·图鲁第二次抓着她,试着拉着她跑。
And Paula Radcliffe at that point says, "I'm done. Go." 这时葆拉·拉德克利夫说道 “我不行了。你跑吧。”
So that's a fantastic story, and we all know how it ends. 这是个难以置信的故事,我们都知道最终结局如何。
fantastic:奇异的,空想的
She loses the check, but she goes home with something bigger and more important. 她错失了奖金, 但是她带回家的是些更有意义更重要的东西。
Except Derartu Tulu ruins the script again -- instead of losing, she blazes past the lead pack and wins, wins the New York City Marathon, goes home with a big fat check. 除了德拉图·图鲁再次做了同样的事以外。 她没有输,她超过了领先集团并赢得了比赛, 赢了纽约市马拉松赛, 带着大笔奖金回家。
blazes:n.火焰;地狱;v.燃烧(blaze的第三人称单数);
It's a heartwarming story, but if you drill a little bit deeper, you've got to sort of wonder about what exactly was going on there. 这是个暖人心房的故事, 但如果你再深入的思考一下, 大家可能很想知道当时到底发生了什么。
heartwarming:adj.感人的;暖人心房的;
When you have two outliers in one organism , it's not a coincidence . 当同一组织内出现两次局外人时, 这不是巧合。
outliers:n.[分化]异常值;离群值;离开本体的东西;局外人(outlier的复数); organism:n.生物;有机体;有机组织;(尤指)微生物; coincidence:n.巧合,巧事;同时存在;并存;相同;
When you have someone who is more competitive and more compassionate than anybody else in the race, again, it's not a coincidence. 当你知道有人比比赛中任何其他人 都更有竞争力更有同情心时,再一次,这不是巧合。
competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的; compassionate:adj.慈悲的;富于同情心的;vt.同情;怜悯;
You show me a creature with webbed feet and gills; somehow water's involved . 你向我展示一只有着蹼足和鳃的生物, 那它或许与水相关。
creature:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
Someone with that kind of heart, there's some kind of connection there. 有这样一颗心的人们之间有着某种连接。
And the answer to it, I think, can be found down in the Copper Canyons of Mexico, where there's a tribe , a reclusive tribe , called the Tarahumara Indians. 我想,答案能 在墨西哥铜谷中找到, 那儿有一个部落,一个隐居的部落, 这个部落被称为塔拉乌马拉印第安人。
Copper:n.铜;铜币;警察;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的;v.用铜板[铜皮]盖[包]; Canyons:n.(周围有悬崖峭壁的)峡谷;(canyon的复数) tribe:n.部落;族;宗族;一伙; reclusive:adj.隐居的;隐遁的;
Now the Tarahumara are remarkable for three things. 现在塔拉乌马拉人在三件事上非常出色。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
Number one is, they have been living essentially unchanged for the past 400 years. 第一件事是, 他们已经基本保持不变的 在那儿生活了四百年。
unchanged:adj.未改变的;
When the conquistadors arrived in North America you had two choices: you either fight back and engage or you could take off. 当西班牙征服者到达北美洲时,当地人只有两个选择: 要么进行反击与之交战,要么就离开。
conquistadors:n.征服者(conquistador的复数形式); North America:n.北美洲; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
The Mayans and Aztecs engaged , which is why there are very few Mayans and Aztecs. 玛雅人和阿兹特克人选择了交战, 这就是为什么现在玛雅人和阿兹特克人非常少的原因。
engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式)
The Tarahumara had a different strategy . 塔拉乌马拉人有个不同的策略。
strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
They took off and hid in this labyrinthine , networking, spiderwebbing system of canyons called the Copper Canyons, and there they remained since the 1600s -- essentially the same way they've always been. 他们离开了,隐藏在 这个被称为铜谷的 错综复杂的 迷宫般的峡谷中, 他们从1600年起就呆在这儿 -- 基本上以同样的方式在此生活。
labyrinthine:adj.迷宫的;复杂的;
The second thing remarkable about the Tarahumara is, deep into old age -- 70 to 80 years old -- these guys aren't running marathons; they're running mega-marathons. 第二件关于塔拉乌马拉人的非常出色的事 是,年纪大了以后 -- 70岁到80岁 -- 这些人不跑马拉松, 他们跑超级马拉松。
They're not doing 26 miles; they're doing 100, 150 miles at a time, and apparently without injury , without problems. 他们跑的不是26英里, 他们每次跑100英里,150英里, 而且显然没有受伤,没有出现问题。
apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; injury:n.伤害,损害;受伤处;
The last thing that's remarkable about the Tarahumara is that all the things that we're going to be talking about today, all the things that we're trying to come up with 塔拉乌马拉人最后一件出色的事情是 所有我们今天要讨论的事, 所有我们正试图用我们
come up with:提出;想出;赶上;
using all of our technology and brain power to solve -- things like heart disease and cholesterol and cancer and crime and warfare and violence and clinical depression -- all this stuff , the Tarahumara don't know what you're talking about. 全部的科技和脑力解决的事 -- 比如像心脏病、高胆固醇和癌症 以及犯罪、战争、暴力和临床忧郁症 -- 所有这些,塔拉乌马拉人都不知道。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; cholesterol:n.[生化]胆固醇; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; warfare:n.战争;冲突; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
They are free from all of these modern ailments . 他们完全 没有这些现代疾病。
ailments:n.疾病,小病(ailment复数形式);
So what's the connection? 那么,这联系是什么呢？
Again, we're talking about outliers -- there's got to be some kind of cause and effect there. 再次,我们探讨一下局外人。 这儿有某种程度的因果关系。
Well, there are teams of scientists at Harvard and the University of Utah that are bending their brains to try to figure out what the Tarahumara have known forever. 有些哈佛大学和犹他大学的 科学团队 正费劲脑筋试图理解 塔拉乌马拉人一直所了解的。
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; Utah:n.美国犹他州;
They're trying to solve those same kinds of mysteries. 他们正试图解决这些同一类型的谜团。
And once again, a mystery wrapped inside of a mystery -- perhaps the key to Derartu Tulu and the Tarahumara is wrapped in three other mysteries, which go like this: 再一次的,一个谜团包含在另一个谜团之中 -- 也许关于德拉图·图鲁和塔拉乌马拉人的答案 就包含在另外三个谜团之中,像这样的事物:
wrapped:adj.极高兴的;十分满意的;v.用…包裹;用…缠绕;(wrap的过去分词和过去式)
three things -- if you have the answer, come up and take the microphone , because nobody else knows the answer. 三个事物 -- 如果有人知道答案,请站起来拿起麦克风, 因为没有其他人知道这个答案。
microphone:n.麦克风;传声器;话筒;
And if you know it, then you are smarter than anybody else on planet Earth. 但如果你知道这个答案,那你就比这个星球上的任何一个人都要聪明。
Mystery number one is this: 第一个谜团是:
Two million years ago the human brain exploded in size. 两百万年前人类的脑容量暴增。
exploded:adj.分解的; v.爆炸; (explode的过去分词和过去式)
Australopithecus had a tiny little pea brain. 南方古猿人只有一个小豌豆那么大的大脑。
Australopithecus:n.南方古猿
Suddenly humans show up -- Homo erectus -- big, old melon-head. 突然人类出现了 -- 直立人 -- 有着成熟的瓜那么大的头部。
Homo erectus:n.直立人(能用腿行走的早期人类);
To have a brain of that size, you need to have a source of condensed caloric energy. 为了保持这么大体积的大脑, 就需要有浓缩的卡路里能量的来源。
source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; condensed:adj.压缩的,精简的; v.(由气体)冷凝; (condense的过去式和过去分词) caloric:adj.热量的;卡的;n.热量;
In other words, early humans are eating dead animals -- no argument, that's a fact. 换句话说,早期人类吃死亡的动物 -- 毫无疑问,这是事实。
The only problem is, the first edged weapons only appeared about 200,000 years ago. 唯一的问题是, 最初的带刃武器仅出现在大约20万年前。
So, somehow, for nearly two million years, we are killing animals without any weapons. 因此不知为何在两百万年间, 我们不用任何武器来杀死动物。
Now we're not using our strength because we are the biggest sissies in the jungle . 现在我们没有使用自己的力气 因为我们在丛林中是最弱的。
sissies:n.胆小鬼;胆小无用的男子;女人气的男人;adj.女人气的,娘娘腔的;柔弱的; jungle:n.密林;尔虞我诈的环境;危险地带;
Every other animal is stronger than we are -- they have fangs , they have claws , they have nimbleness , they have speed. 任何其他动物都要比我们强大。 它们有着尖牙,它们有利爪,它们灵活,它们敏捷。
fangs:n.[脊椎]尖牙; v.用尖牙咬; claws:n.(动物或禽类的)爪,脚爪; v.(用爪子或手指甲)抓,撕,挠(claw的第三人称单数和复数) nimbleness:n.敏捷;聪明;
We think Usain Bolt is fast. Usain Bolt can get his ass kicked by a squirrel . 我们觉得乌塞恩·博尔特跑得快。乌塞恩·博尔特却跑不过一只松鼠。
Bolt:n.螺栓; v.狼吞虎咽; v.突然; squirrel:n.松鼠;
We're not fast. 我们并不快。
That would be an Olympic event: turn a squirrel loose -- whoever catches the squirrel, you get a gold medal . 这可以作为一项奥林匹克比赛:放开一只松鼠。 谁抓到这只松鼠,谁就是金牌获得者。
loose:adj.宽松的; v.释放; v.松散地; n.放纵; whoever:任何人:无论是谁: gold medal:n.金牌;金质奖章;
So no weapons, no speed, no strength, no fangs, no claws -- how were we killing these animals? Mystery number one. 因此,没有武器,没有速度,没有力量,没有尖牙,没有利爪。 我们是如何杀死这些动物的呢？第一个谜团。
Mystery number two: 第二个谜团:
Women have been in the Olympics for quite some time now, but one thing that's remarkable about all women sprinters -- they all suck; they're terrible. 目前女性已经参加奥林匹克运动会有相当一段时间了, 但关于所有女子短跑选手的一件值得注意的事是 -- 她们不行,她们很差。
sprinters:n.短跑者(sprinter的复数形式);
There's not a fast woman on the planet and there never has been. 这个星球上没有跑得快的女性 从来没有过。
The fastest woman to ever run a mile did it in 4:15. 最快的女性曾在4分15秒内跑完一英里。
I could throw a rock and hit a high school boy who can run faster that 4:15. 我扔块石头就能打中一个跑的 比4分15秒更快的高中男生。
For some reason you guys are just really slow. 由于某些原因,你们实在是跑得慢。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But you get to the marathon we were just talking about -- you guys have only been allowed to run the marathon for 20 years. 但我们回到我们刚刚谈论过的马拉松上 -- 你们仅仅适合跑马拉松也就20年。
Because, prior to the 1980s, medical science said that if a woman tried to run 26 miles -- does anyone know what would happen if you tried to run 26 miles, why you were banned from the marathon before the 1980s? 因为,在二十世纪八十年代之前, 医学表明如果一名女性尝试跑26英里 -- 有人知道如果你尝试跑26英里会发生什么吗, 为什么你在八十年代之前被禁止参加马拉松呢？
prior:adj.先前的; n.(小隐修院)院长; v.居先; banned:v.明令禁止;取缔;禁止(某人)做某事;(ban的过去分词和过去式)
(Audience Member: Her uterus would be torn.) Her uterus would be torn. （观众:她的子宫将被扯裂。）她的子宫将被扯裂。
uterus:n.[解剖]子宫;
Yes. You would have torn reproductive organs . 是的。女性生殖器官会被扯裂。
reproductive:adj.生殖的;再生的;复制的; organs:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴(organ的复数);
The uterus would fall out, literally fall out of the body. 子宫会脱落,毫不夸张,脱落出体外。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
Now I've been to a lot of marathons, and I've yet to see any ... 到目前我参加过许多马拉松赛, 而我还从未见过一次这样的事情发生。
(Laughter) （笑声）
So it's only been 20 years that women have been allowed to run the marathon. 那么,仅仅过了20年,女性就被允许参加马拉松赛跑了。
In that very short learning curve , you guys have gone from broken organs up to the fact that you're only 10 minutes off the male world record. 在这个非常短的学习曲线中, 女性从马拉松会损害器官 改变到这样一个事实,女子世界纪录仅比 男子的慢10分钟。
learning curve:n.经验学习曲线;
Then you go beyond 26 miles, into the distance that medical science also told us would be fatal to humans -- remember Pheidippides died when he ran 26 miles -- you get to 50 and 100 miles, and suddenly it's a different game. 接着女性开始超越26英里, 直到医学所告诉我们的会致命的距离 -- 回忆一下费迪皮迪兹在跑完26英里后死去 -- 你们女性现在到达了50和100英里, 这突然成了一个不同的游戏。
fatal:adj.致命的;灾难性的;毁灭性的;导致失败的;
You can take a runner like Ann Trason, or Nikki Kimball, or Jenn Shelton, you put them in a race of 50 or 100 miles against anybody in the world and it's a coin toss who's going to win. 可以让安·崔森、妮基·金博尔或杰娜·谢尔顿 参加50或100英里的比赛,与世界上的任何人对抗 谁胜谁负还在五五之数。
toss:v.扔,抛,掷;甩(使)摇摆,挥动,颠簸;摇匀;n.掷硬币决定;向上甩头;投掷
I'll give you an example. 我来举个例子。
A couple years ago, Emily Baer signed up for a race called the Hardrock 100, which tells you all you need to know about the race. 在几年前,埃米莉·贝尔报名参加了一个 名为硬石100的比赛, 这就是关于这个比赛你们所需知道的一切了。
They give you 48 hours to finish this race. 参赛者有48小时来完成比赛。
Well Emily Baer -- 500 runners -- she finishes in eighth place, in the top 10, even though she stopped at all the aid stations to breastfeed her baby during the race -- and yet, beat 492 other people. 而埃米莉·贝尔 -- 在500名参赛者中 -- 她第八个完成比赛,名列前十, 即使在比赛中她在每个急救点都会停下来 为她的宝宝哺乳 -- 即便如此,她仍击败了其他492名参赛者。
breastfeed:adj.以母奶养育的;n.母乳喂养;vt.以母乳喂养;
So why is it that women get stronger as distances get longer? 最后一个谜团:那么为什么女性在距离变长时 变得更强了？
The third mystery is this: 第三个谜团是这样:
At the University of Utah, they started tracking finishing times for people running the marathon. 在犹他大学,他们追踪人们 完成马拉松的时间。
tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
And what they found is that, if you start running the marathon at age 19, you will get progressively faster, year by year, until you reach your peak at age 27. 他们的发现 是,如果在19岁开始跑马拉松, 你将逐渐跑得越来越快,逐年增加, 直到在27岁时到达顶峰。
progressively:adv.渐进地;日益增多地; peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
And then after that, you succumb to the rigors of time. 而在此之后,你会经受不住 时间的严峻考验。
succumb:vi.屈服;死;被压垮; rigors:n.严格;寒颤;酷烈(rigor的复数);
And you'll get slower and slower, until eventually you're back to running the same speed you were at age 19. 然后你会跑得越来越慢, 知道最终你的速度会回落到19岁时的速度。
eventually:adv.最后,终于;
So about seven years, eight years to reach your peak, and then gradually you fall off your peak, until you go back to the starting point . 因此大约有七八年的时间来到达你的顶峰, 然后逐渐从顶峰回落下来, 一直回到起点。
gradually:adv.渐渐地;逐步地; starting point:n.出发点;基础;
You would think it might take eight years to go back to the same speed, maybe 10 years -- no, it's 45 years. 你也许认为会花上八年时间才会回落至原来的速度, 也许是10年 -- 不,是45年。
64-year-old men and women are running as fast as they were at age 19. 60岁的男性和女性 与他们在19岁时跑的一样快。
Now I defy you to come up with any other physical activity -- and please don't say golf -- something that actually is hard -- where geriatrics are performing as well as they did as teenagers. 现在我看大家能不能想出任何其他的体育运动 -- 请不要说高尔夫 -- 一些确实非常困难的运动 -- 在什么运动中老人与 他们年轻时表现的一样好。
defy:vt.藐视;公然反抗;挑衅;使落空;n.挑战;对抗; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; geriatrics:n.老年病学;老年病人; performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词) as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
So you have these three mysteries. 那么大家知道了这三个谜团。
Is there one piece in the puzzle which might wrap all these things up? 这谜团中是否有一项 能对所有这些事情进行总结？
puzzle:n.谜;疑问;智力游戏;不解之谜;v.迷惑;使困惑;
You've got to be really careful any time someone looks back in prehistory and tries to give you some sort of global answer, because, it being prehistory, you can say whatever the hell you want and get away with it . 任何时候有人回顾史前并试图给出一些 全球性的答案时,你都应该十分小心, 因为,这是史前, 你说什么都行,然后就把说过的抛在一边。
prehistory:n.史前;史前史;(导致事件,危机等的)背景; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; get away with it:na.侥幸成功;逃脱处罚;
But I'll submit this to you: 但我将告诉你们这个:
submit:vt.使服从;主张;呈递;vi.提交;服从;
If you put one piece in the middle of this jigsaw puzzle, suddenly it all starts to form a coherent picture. 如果你放入这个拼图游戏中间的一块, 突然间这一切就从一幅连贯的画开始了。
jigsaw:拼图玩具 coherent:adj.连贯的,一致的;明了的;清晰的;凝聚性的;互相耦合的;粘在一起的;
If you wonder, why it is the Tarahumara don't fight and don't die of heart disease, why a poor Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu can be the most compassionate and yet the most competitive, and why we somehow were able to find food without weapons, perhaps it's because humans, 如果你想知道为什么塔拉乌马拉人没有战斗 不会死于心脏病, 为什么可怜的埃塞俄比亚女子德拉图·图鲁 会是最有同情心,同时又最具有竞争力, 为什么我们反而能够 不用武器也能觅食, 也许仅仅是因为人类,
as much as we like to think of ourselves as masters of the universe, actually evolved as nothing more than a pack of hunting dogs. 和我们乐于认为我们自己是宇宙的主人一样, 实际上人类进化的更像是一群猎犬, 而不是像其他的什么。
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式)
Maybe we evolved as a hunting pack animal . 也许我们进化 成了一群狩猎动物。
pack animal:n.驮畜;役畜;
Because the one advantage we have in the wilderness -- again, it's not our fangs and our claws and our speed -- the only thing we do really, really well is sweat. 因为我们在荒野中的一个优点是 -- 再次强调,不是我们的尖牙、利爪和速度 -- 我们真真正正拥有的唯一的优点就是汗水。
advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点: wilderness:n.荒野;(草木丛生的)荒地;荒芜的地方;杂草丛生处;
We're really good at being sweaty and smelly . 我们确实擅长于出汗和变臭。
sweaty:adj.出汗的;吃力的;使人出汗的; smelly:adj.有臭味的,发臭的;
Better than any other mammal on Earth, we can sweat really well. 比地球上任何其他哺乳动物都要强,我们能非常好的出汗。
mammal:n.哺乳动物;
But the advantage of that little bit of social discomfort is the fact that, when it comes to running under hot heat for long distances, we're superb , we're the best on the planet. 但这个会带来点 社交不适的优势 实际上是,当说到要在高温下 跑上很长的距离时, 我们是一流的,我们是星球上最棒的。
discomfort:n.不适,不安;不便之处;vt.使…不舒服;使…不安; superb:adj.极好的;华丽的;宏伟的;
You take a horse on a hot day, and after about five or six miles, that horse has a choice. 在热天里骑一匹马, 在走了五或六英里后,马会当即做选择。
It's either going to breathe or it's going to cool off, but it ain't doing both -- we can. 要么停下喘口气,要么让自己凉快下来, 但它没法同时做到这两项 -- 我们能。
So what if we evolved as hunting pack animals? 那么如果我们进化成狩猎群居动物会怎么样？
what if:如果…怎么办?
What if the only natural advantage we had in the world was the fact that we could get together as a group, go out there on that African Savannah , pick out an antelope and go out as a pack and run that thing to death? 如果我们在世界上拥有的唯一的自然优势 是我们能作为一个团体聚在一起, 走向非洲大草原,找到一头羚羊 并成群结队的出去,追逐这只羚羊,直到它死去？
get together:聚会 Savannah:n.大草原,热带草原(等于savanna); antelope:n.羚羊;羚羊皮革;
That's all we could do. 这就是我们可能会做的一切;
We could run really far on a hot day. 我们能在热天里跑非常长的距离。
Well if that's true, a couple other things had to be true as well. 如果这是真的,其他的一些事也会是真的。
The key to being part of a hunting pack is the word "pack." 狩猎团体的关键是“团体”这个词。
If you go out by yourself, and you try to chase an antelope, 如果你自己出去,并试着追赶一只羚羊,
I guarantee you there's going to be two cadavers out there in the Savannah. 我保证你和羚羊将会成为大草原上的两具尸体。
cadavers:n.死尸;尸体;(cadaver的复数)
You need a pack to pull together . 你需要一个团体齐心协力。
pull together:齐心协力;
You need to have those 64-, 65-year-olds who have been doing this for a long time to understand which antelope you're actually trying to catch. 你需要那些曾这么做过 多年的六十四,五岁的人, 让他们来帮你了解哪只羚羊才是应该去捕捉的。
The herd explodes and it gathers back again. 羚羊群散开,并重新汇聚它们。
herd:n.兽群,畜群;放牧人;vi.成群,聚在一起;vt.放牧;使成群; explodes:v.爆炸,爆发;激增;
Those expert trackers have got to be part of the pack. 团体应该有些专业的追踪者。
trackers:n.追踪者(tracker的复数形式);
They can't be 10 miles behind. 他们不能落后10英里以上。
You need to have the women and the adolescents there because the two times in your life you most benefit from animal protein is when you are a nursing mother and a developing adolescent. 团体中需要有妇女和青少年, 因为生命中有两个时期最能从动物性蛋白质中获益 一个是哺乳期的母亲和发育中的青少年。
adolescents:n.[人类]青少年(adolescent复数); protein:n.蛋白质;
It makes no sense to have the antelope over there dead and the people who want to eat it 50 miles away. 让羚羊死在那儿而想吃掉它的人却 在50英里之外,这样毫无意义。
They need to be part of the pack. 他们都需要成为团体的一部分。
You need to have those 27-year-old studs at the peak of their powers ready to drop the kill, and you need to have those teenagers there who are learning the whole thing all involved. 需要那些27岁处于力量巅峰的壮年 来围捕猎物, 需要有些少年 来学习这所有的一切。
studs:n.钉状首饰:耳钉:饰钉:鞋钉(stud的复数)
The pack stays together. 团体聚在一起。
Another thing that has to be true about this pack: this pack cannot be really materialistic . 关于这个团体的另一个事实是:这一团体不能是利己的。
materialistic:adj.唯物主义的;唯物论的;
You can't be hauling all your crap around, trying to chase the antelope. 不能靠夸夸其谈来捕捉羚羊。
hauling:v.拖,拉,拽;;强迫(某人)去某处;(haul的现在分词) crap:n.废话;废物;屎;拉屎;vi.掷骰子;拉屎;
You can't be a pissed-off pack. You can't be bearing grudges , like, "I'm not chasing that guy's antelope. 不能是个生气包。不能有积怨。 比如,“我才不会去追那家伙的羚羊呢。
bearing:n.关系;影响;姿态;举止v.承受;忍受;承担责任;(bear的现在分词) grudges:n.怨恨;积怨(grudge的复数);v.嫉妒(grudge的第三人称单数);怀恨;
He pissed me off. Let him go chase his own antelope." 他惹毛我了。让他自己去追那羚羊吧。”
pissed:adj.烂醉的;怒冲冲的;v.撒尿;(piss的过去分词和过去式)
The pack has got to be able to swallow its ego , be cooperative and pull together. 团队必须能忍气吞声, 能协作并齐心协力。
swallow:v.吞下;咽下;吞没;相信;n.吞;咽;燕;一次吞咽的量; ego:n.自我;自负;自我意识; cooperative:adj.合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;n.合作企业;合作社组织;
What you end up with, in other words, is a culture remarkably similar to the Tarahumara -- a tribe that has remained unchanged since the Stone Age . 这样最终得到的,换句话说, 就是与塔拉乌马拉人 非常相似的一种文化 -- 一个自石器时代以来 就从未改变过的部落。
remarkably:adv.非常;极为;格外;出乎意料地 Stone Age:n.石器时代;
It's a really compelling argument that maybe the Tarahumara are doing exactly what all of us had done for two million years, that it's us in modern times who have sort of gone off the path. 这是个确实能令人信服的理由 也许塔拉乌马拉人现在做的跑步 正是我们已经做了两百万年的事。 正是我们在现代偏离了道路。
compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词)
You know, we look at running as this kind of alien, foreign thing, this punishment you've got to do because you ate pizza the night before. 你知道,我们把跑步看成是某种外星的、异域的事物, 这好比是对吃了前一天晚上的比萨的惩罚。
punishment:n.惩罚;严厉对待,虐待;
But maybe it's something different. 但也许这是件不同的事。
Maybe we're the ones who have taken this natural advantage we had and we spoiled it. 也许我们拥有了这一自然天赋 但我们却荒废了它。
spoiled:v.破坏;搞坏;毁掉;溺爱;宠坏;善待;(spoil的过去分词和过去式)
How do we spoil it? Well how do we spoil anything? 我们是如何荒废它的呢？我们是如何荒废了这一切呢？
We try to cash in on it. 我们尝试着把它变现。
cash in on:乘机利用;靠…赚钱;
We try to can it and package it and make it "better" 我们试图把它装入罐中,打包起来,让它看起来更好
and sell it to people. 接着把它出售。
And what happened was we started creating these fancy cushioned things, which can make running "better," called running shoes. 我们开始创造这些 精美的垫状物品, 它让跑步变得更好,它被称为跑步鞋。
fancy:n.幻想; adj.想象的; v.想象; cushioned:v.加衬垫(cushion的过去分词);
The reason I get personally pissed-off about running shoes is because I bought a million of them and I kept getting hurt. 我个人对跑步鞋感到不爽的原因是 因为我买了无数的跑步鞋,但还是不断受伤。
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言;
And I think that, if anybody in here runs -- and I just had a conversation with Carol; we talked for two minutes backstage , and she's talking about plantar fasciitis . 我想,如果这儿有人跑步的话 -- 我刚与卡罗尔交谈过; 我们在后台谈了两分钟,她谈了谈足底筋膜炎。
backstage:adv.在后台;向后台; plantar:adj.[解剖]跖的;[解剖]脚底的; fasciitis:n.筋膜炎;
You talk to a runner, I guarantee, within 30 seconds, the conversation turns to injury. 你与一名跑步者谈话,我保证,在三十秒内 话题就会转到受伤上。
So if humans evolved as runners, if that's our one natural advantage, why are we so bad at it? Why do we keep getting hurt? 因此,如果人类进化为跑步者,如果这是我们的自然天赋之一, 那么为什么我们如此不擅长它呢？为什么我们不断的受伤呢？
Curious thing about running and running injuries is that the running injury is new to our time. 关于跑步和跑步受伤的奇怪事 是在我们的时代才出现了跑步受伤。
Curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; injuries:n.伤害,损伤;挫伤;(injury的复数)
If you read folklore and mythology , any kind of myths , any kind of tall tales, running is always associated with freedom and vitality and youthfulness and eternal vigor . 如果你看看民间传说和神话故事, 任何类型的神话,任何类型的故事中, 跑步总是与 自由、活力、年轻和永恒的力量相关联。
folklore:n.民俗学;民间传说;民间风俗; mythology:n.神话;神话学;神话集; myths:神话;谬见; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) vitality:n.活力,生气;生命力,生动性; youthfulness:n.少壮; eternal:adj.永恒的;不朽的; vigor:n.[生物]活力,精力;
It's only in our lifetime that running has become associated with fear and pain. 只是在我们的一生中 跑步才变得与恐惧和疼痛相关。
Geronimo used to say that, "My only friends are my legs. I only trust my legs." 杰罗尼莫曾说过 “我的双腿是我唯一的朋友。我只信任我的双腿。”
That's because an Apache triathlon used to be you'd run 50 miles across the desert, engage in hand-to-hand combat , steal a bunch of horses and slap leather for home. 这是因为阿帕契铁人三项 过去需要跑50英里得穿越沙漠, 加入一场肉搏战,偷一群马 并为了回家得比拼拔枪。
triathlon:n.三项全能运动; hand-to-hand:adj.极接近的;白刃战的;传递到手的; combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗; a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; slap:n.拍; v.拍; v.猛然; leather:n.皮革;皮革制品;v.用皮革包盖;抽打;adj.皮的;皮革制的;
Geronimo was never saying, "Ah, you know something, my achilles -- I'm tapering . I got to take this week off," 杰罗尼莫从未说过,“啊哈,你知道吗, 我的弱点 -- 我正在变弱。我需要休息一周,”
tapering:adj.尖端细的;渐渐减少的;v.逐渐变尖细;逐渐减少(taper的ing形式);
or "I need to cross-train. 或是“我需要进行多项训练。
I didn't do yoga . I'm not ready." 我不做瑜伽。我还没准备好。”
yoga:n.瑜珈(意为"结合",指修行);瑜珈术;联想可360°翻转的平板电脑;
Humans ran and ran all the time. 人类时刻在奔跑。
We are here today. We have our digital technology. 今天我们所处时代。我们有数字技术。
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
All of our science comes from the fact that our ancestors were able to do something extraordinary every day, which was just rely on their naked feet and legs to run long distances. 我们所有的科学都来自这样一个事实 我们的祖先能 每天做些非同凡响的事, 仅仅靠他们的赤脚和双腿 就能跑很长的距离。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; rely:vi.依靠;信赖; naked:adj.裸体的;无装饰的;无证据的;直率的;
So how do we get back to that again? 那么要多久我们才能再次拥有这样的能力？
Well, I would submit to you the first thing is get rid of all packaging, all the sales, all the marketing. 好了,我会建议各位首先 把所有的包装、所有的销售、所有的买卖放到一边。
Get rid of all the stinking running shoes. 摆脱所有那些讨厌的跑步鞋。
stinking:adj.发恶臭的; v.散发出恶臭;
Stop focusing on urban marathons, which, if you do four hours, you suck . 停止关注城市马拉松, 如果你花了四个小时完成这类比赛,你糟透了。
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; suck:v.吸吮;吸取;n.吮吸;
If you do 3:59:59, you're awesome , because you qualified for another race. 如果你3小时59分59秒完成,你就是了不起的 因为你有资格参加另一场比赛。
awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的; qualified:adj.有资格的; v.合格; (qualify的过去分词和过去式)
We need to get back to that sense of playfulness and joyfulness and, I would say, nakedness , that has made the Tarahumara one of the healthiest and serene cultures in our time. 我们需要找回那种嬉戏和玩乐的感觉, 我想说 赤脚奔跑让塔拉乌马拉人的文化 成为我们时代中最健康和宁静的文化之一。
playfulness:n.玩笑;嬉闹; nakedness:n.赤裸;明显;赤身裸体; serene:adj.平静的;安详的;清澈的;晴朗的;n.平静;晴朗;vt.使平静;
So what's the benefit? So what? 那么能得到什么好处？那又怎么样？
So you burn off the Haagen-Dazs from the night before? 因此你从前天晚上起扔掉哈根达斯？
But maybe there's another benefit there as well. 但也许还有另一个好处。
Without getting a little too extreme about this, imagine a world where everybody could go out their door and engage in the kind of exercise that's going to make them more relaxed , more serene, more healthy, burn off stress -- 关于这个好处,不要变得有点过于极端, 想象一个世界 其中每个人都能走出门外 并参与某种运动 某种能让人们更放松、更宁静、更健康 的运动, 释放压力 --
extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; relaxed:adj.轻松的;冷静的;v.放松;休息;宽慰;(relax的过去分词和过去式)
where you don't come back into your office a raging maniac anymore, where you don't go back home with a lot of stress on top of you again. 在这运动中你再也不用像个疯狂的疯子似的回到办公室, 也不会带着巨大的压力回到家中。
raging:adj.愤怒的,狂暴的;v.发怒,恼火(rage的现在分词); maniac:n.疯子,躁狂者;adj.发狂的;狂热的;癫狂的;
Maybe there's something between what we are today and what the Tarahumara have always been. 也许在如今的我们生活和 塔拉乌马拉人所一直保持的生活之间有些差距。
I don't say let's go back to the Copper Canyons and live on corn and maize , which is the Tarahumara's preferred diet, but maybe there's somewhere in between. 我不是说让我们回到铜谷, 以塔拉乌马拉人的佳肴玉米和玉蜀黍为生, 但也许是介于这两者之间某种事物。
maize:adj.黄色的,玉米色的;n.玉米;黄色,玉米色; preferred:v.较喜欢;喜欢…多于…;(prefer的过去式和过去分词)
And if we find that thing, maybe there is a big fat Nobel Prize out there. 如果我们找到它, 也许能获得个巨大的诺贝尔奖。
Nobel Prize:n.诺贝尔奖;
Because if somebody could find a way to restore that natural ability that we all enjoyed for most of our existence, up until the 1970s or so, the benefits, social and physical and political and mental , could be astounding . 因为如果有人能找到一个方式 它能让我们所有人重获这自然能力 我们都能享受所存在的大部分时间用来跑步, 这种我们直到大约在二十世纪七十年代还享受着的跑步能力, 那我们从中所能获得的社会的、身体的、 政治上的和精神上的益处 将会令人震惊。
restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原; mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; astounding:adj.令人震惊的;使大吃一惊的;v.使震惊;使大惊;(astound的现在分词)
So what I've been seeing today is there is a growing subculture of barefoot runners, people who got rid of their shoes. 我今天所看到的是,有一个成长中的 赤足跑步者的亚文化,其中的人们不穿他们的鞋子。
subculture:n.亚文化群;vt.作再次培养; barefoot:adj.赤脚的;adv.赤着脚地;
And what they have found uniformly is you get rid of the shoes, you get rid of the stress, you get rid of the injuries and the ailments. 他们一致地发现 不穿鞋子,解脱了压力, 摆脱了受伤和疾病。
uniformly:adv.一致地;
And what you find is something the Tarahumara have known for a very long time, that this can be a whole lot of fun. 你们所发现的事 是塔拉乌马拉人很久以前就已经知道的, 这赤脚跑步能带来很多乐趣。
I've experienced it personally myself. 我个人亲身曾经历过。
I was injured all my life, and then in my early 40s I got rid of my shoes and my running ailments have gone away too. 我一生都在受伤,在我四十出头的时候我不穿鞋子 我身上的疾病也随之消失了。
injured:adj.受伤的:委屈的: v.伤害,使受伤: n.伤员;
So hopefully it's something we can all benefit from. 希望我们都能从中受益。
And I appreciate you guys listening to this story. Thanks very much. 非常感谢大家来听这个故事。谢谢大家。
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解;
(Applause) （掌声）