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ChristianBenimana_2017G-_下一代的非洲建筑师和设计师_
The longest journey that I have ever taken. 我走過最長的旅途。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
That was in 2002. 那時是 2002 年。
I was only 19 years old. 我只有 19 歲。
It was the first time I had ever been on an airplane and the first time that I had left my country, 那是我第一次搭飛機, 第一次離開我的國家,
airplane:n.飞机;
Rwanda. 盧安達。
I had to move thousands of kilometers away to follow a dream. 我得要到數千公里之外, 去追一個夢,
A dream I have had ever since I was a child. 我從孩提時就在作的夢,
And that dream was to become an architect . 成為建築師的夢。
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
That was impossible at the time in my country. 當時,在我的國家, 那是不可能實現的。
There were no schools of architecture . 盧安達沒有建築學校。
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
So when I got a scholarship to study in China, 所以我拿了獎學金,到中國去讀書,
scholarship:n.奖学金;学问;学识;学术成就;
I left my life and my family behind and I moved to Shanghai. 我離開了我的生活和我的家人, 我搬到上海。
It was an amazing time. 那是個很不可思議的時代。
This country was going through a major building boom . 中國正在經歷重大的建設熱潮。
boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的;
Shanghai, my new home, was quickly turning into a skyscraper city. 上海,我的新家, 很快就變成了摩天大樓城市。
skyscraper:n.摩天楼,超高层大楼;特别高的东西;
China was changing. 中國在改變。
World-class projects were built to convey a new image of development. 開始建造世界級的專案計畫, 來傳達發展的新形象。
World-class:n.世界级;adj.世界级的; convey:vt.传达;运输;让与;
Modern, striking engineering marvels were going up literally everywhere. 現代化、出眾的 工程奇蹟幾乎到處可見。
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) marvels:奇迹(marvel的名词复数); literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
But behind these facades , exploitation of huge numbers of migrant workers, massive displacement of thousands of people made these projects possible. 但在這些外表的背後, 是對大量移民工人的剝削, 因為有數千人的大量遷移, 才讓這些專案計畫能實現。
facades:n.外立面(facade的复数); exploitation:n.开发,开采;利用;广告推销; migrant:n.候鸟;移居者;随季节迁移的民工;adj.移居的;流浪的; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; displacement:n.取代,位移;[船]排水量;
And this fast-paced development also contributed significantly to the pollution that is haunting China today. 這種步調很快的發展, 也顯著造成了現今困擾中國的 污染問題。
fast-paced:adj.快节奏的;快速的;快步调的; contributed:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物); (contribute的过去式和过去分词) significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地;
Fast-forward to 2010, when I went back home to Rwanda. 快轉到 2010 年, 我回到盧安達的家。
Fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进;
There, I found development patterns similar to what I saw in China. 在那裡,我發現發展模式 和我在中國看到的很相似。
The country was and still is experiencing its own population and economic growth. 盧安達仍然正在經歷 它自己的人口和經濟成長。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
The pressure to build cities, infrastructure and buildings is at its peak , and as a result , there is a massive building boom as well. 建立城市、基礎建設、大樓的壓力 到達高峰, 因此, 也出現了大規模的建設熱潮。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的; as a result:结果;
This is the reality across the entire continent of Africa, and here's why. 這是整個非洲大陸的現實, 而原因如下。
continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
By 2050, Africa's population will double, reaching 2.5 billion people. 到 2050 年,非洲的人口會加倍, 到達 25 億人。
At this point, the African population will be slightly less than the current population of China and India combined. 在這個時點, 非洲的人口數只會比中國和印度 目前人口的總數少一點點。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
The infrastructure and buildings needed to accommodate this many people is unprecedented in the history of humankind . 這麼多人所需要的基礎建設和大樓 是人類史上前所未見的。
accommodate:vt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解;vi.适应;调解; unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; humankind:n.人类(总称);
We have estimated that by 2050, we have to build 700,000,000 more housing units, more than 300,000 schools and nearly 100,000 health centers. 我們估計,到 2050 年, 我們得再建立七億間住房單位、 至少三十萬間學校、 還有近十萬間衛生所。
estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
Let me put that into perspective for you. 讓我協助各位更了解實際狀況。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
Every day for the next 35 years, we have to build seven health centers, 25 schools and nearly 60,000 housing units each day, every day. 接下來的 35 年間,每一天, 我們就得建立 7 間衛生所、 25 間學校、 以及近 6 萬間住房單位, 每天都要。
How are we going to build all of this? 我們怎麼建得出來？
Are we going to follow a model of unsustainable building and construction similar to what I witnessed in China? 我們要遵照類似 我在中國見證的不永續建築 和建設模型嗎？
unsustainable:adj.无法支撑的;不可证实的;不能成立的; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; witnessed:v.当场看到,目击;见证;作证;(witness的过去式和过去分词)
Or can we develop a uniquely African model of sustainable and equitable development? 還是我們能發展出 獨一無二的非洲模型, 永續和公正發展的模型？
uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地; equitable:adj.公平的,公正的;平衡法的;
I'm optimistic we can. 我盡可能樂觀。
optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的;
I know Africans who are already doing it. 我知道已經有非洲人在這麼做了。
Take Nigerian architect Kunlé Adeyemi for instance , and his work in slums of coastal megacities . 比如,奈及利亞建築師 昆萊亞德耶米, 他在沿岸百萬人口大都市中的 貧民窟做建設。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; slums:n.贫民,[经]贫民区(slum的复数); v.到贫民窟去; coastal:adj.沿海的;海岸的; megacities:n.大城市(megacity的复数);
Places like Makoko in Lagos, where hundreds of thousands of people live in makeshift structures on stilts on water, without government infrastructure or services. 像拉哥斯的馬可可這種地方, 在這裡,數十萬人 沒有政府提供的基礎建設或服務。
makeshift:n.权宜之计;凑合;临时措施;将就;adj.临时的;权宜之计的;凑合的; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); stilts:n.桩子,支柱;高跷;(stilt的复数)
A community at great risk of rising sea levels and climate change. 這個社區面臨的巨大風險 包括海平面上升以及氣候變遷。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
And yet, people who live here are examples of great ingenuity and the will to survive. 但,住在這裡的人,是足智多謀 和生存意志的好典範。
ingenuity:n.心灵手巧,独创性;精巧;精巧的装置;
Kunlé and his team have designed a prototype school that is resilient to rising sea levels. 昆萊和他的團隊 設計了一個原型學校, 它能夠適應海平面上升。
prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态; resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
This is Makoko School. 這是馬可可學校。
It's a floating prototype structure that can be adapted to clinics , to housing, to markets and other vital infrastructure this community needs. 這個漂浮的原型結構 可以被應用在診所、 住房、市場、 以及這個社區需要的其他重要基礎建設。
adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式); vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的;
It's an ingenious solution that can ensure this community lives safely on the waters of Lagos. 這是個很巧妙的解決方案, 能確保這個社區在拉哥斯的 水面上也能安全地居住。
ingenious:adj.有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
He works in the country where he comes from, 他在他的母國工作,
Burkina Faso. 布吉納法索。
Kéré and his team have designed projects that use traditional building techniques . 凱雷和他的團隊設計的專案計畫 是用傳統的建設技巧。
traditional:传统的,惯例的, techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
Kéré and his team working in the communities have developed prototype schools that the whole community, similar to every project in the villages of this country, comes together to build. 凱雷和他的團隊在社區內努力, 已經開發出了原型學校, 這個專案計畫就像 該國村落中的每個專案計畫一樣, 是由整個社區團結一起打造的。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
Children bring stones for the foundation , women bring water for the brick manufacturing , and everybody works together to pound the clay floors. 孩童搬來當地基用的石頭, 女人打水來做磚塊, 所有人合作,打造出泥土地板。
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); clay:n.黏土;陶土;
Working with the community, 凱雷和他的團隊與社區合作,
Kéré and his team have created projects that function better, with adequate lighting and adequate ventilation . 創建出的專案計畫能運作得更佳, 還有適當的採光和適當的通風。
adequate:adj.充足的;适当的;胜任的; ventilation:n.通风设备;空气流通;
They're appropriate for this particular context and really, really beautiful as well. 它們是針對這個特殊環境設計的, 且也非常非常漂亮。
appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
For the past seven years, 過去七年,
I have been working as an architect at MASS Design Group. 我在 MASS Design Group 擔任建築師。
It's a design firm that began in Rwanda. 它是一間在盧安達發跡的設計公司。
We have worked in several countries in Africa, focusing on this more equitable and sustainable model of architectural practice, and Malawi is one of those countries. 我們在非洲的好幾個國家工作, 把焦點放在更公正、更永續的建築 實做模型上, 其中一個國家是馬拉威。
architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的; Malawi:n.马拉维(非洲国家);
It's a country with beautiful, remote landscapes with high-peak mountains and fertile valleys. 這個國家有漂亮的偏遠地景, 有著高峰的山脈以及肥沃的山谷,
remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; landscapes:n.风景; v.从事庭园设计; fertile:adj.富饶的,肥沃的;能生育的;
But it also has one of the worst maternal mortality rates in the world. 但孕產婦死亡率也是世界上最糟的。
maternal:adj.母亲的;母性的;母系的;母体遗传的; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
A pregnant woman in Malawi either gives birth at home, or she has to walk a really long journey to the nearest clinic. 在馬拉威的孕婦,若不是在家生產, 就得走很遠的一段路到最近的診所。
pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的;
And one out of 36 of these mothers dies during childbirth . 36 位媽媽中就有一位會死於生產。
childbirth:n.分娩;
In Malawi, with our team at MASS Design Group, we designed the Kasungu Maternity Waiting Village. 在馬拉威, 我們 MASS Design Group 的團隊 設計了卡松古產婦等候村。
Maternity:n.母性,母道;[妇产]妇产科医院;adj.产科的;产妇的,孕妇的;
This is a place women come to six weeks before their due dates. 女性在預產期的前六週 可以到這個地方來。
Here they receive prenatal care and train in nutrition and family planning . 在這裡她們能得到產前照護, 還有營養和家庭規劃的教育訓練。
prenatal:adj.产前的;胎儿期的;[医]出生以前的; nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品; family planning:n.计划生育;家庭计划;
At the same time , they form a community with other expectant mothers and their families. 同時,她們和其他懷孕媽媽 及其家人形成一個社區。
At the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; expectant:adj.期待的;怀孕的;预期中的;n.期待者;候选人;
The design of the of Kasungu Maternity Waiting Village borrows from the vernacular typologies of Malawi villages and is built using really simple materials and techniques. 卡松古產婦等候村的設計 參考的是馬拉威村落的本國類型學, 用非常簡單的材料和技術來建造。
vernacular:adj.本国的;地方的;用本地语写成的;n.本地话,方言;动植物的俗名; typologies:n.类型学;[宗]预示论;预兆;
The earth blocks that we used were made from the same soil of this site . 我們使用的泥土塊 是直接用當地的土壤做成的。
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
This reduces the carbon footprint of this building, but first and foremost , it provides a safe and dignified space for these expectant mothers. 這樣能夠減少這間建築物的碳足跡, 但最重要的是, 它能提供安全和有尊嚴的空間 給這些懷孕媽媽。
carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; footprint:n.足迹;脚印; first and foremost:首先;首要的是; dignified:adj.端庄的; v.使有尊严; (dignify的过去分词和过去式)
These examples show that architecture and design have the power and the agency to address complex problems. 從這些例子可以看出,建築和設計 有力量和作用可以處理複雜的問題。
agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
But more to point, that we can develop a model of effective solutions for our communities. 但更核心的是, 我們能為我們的社區開發出 有效解決方案的模型。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
But these three examples are not enough. 但這三個例子並不夠。
300 more examples will not be enough. 再多三百個例子也不夠。
We need a whole community of African architects and designers to lead with thousands more examples. 我們需要非洲建築師 和設計師的整個社群 帶頭來產生數千個例子。
architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
In May of this year, we convened a symposium on African architecture, in Kigali, and we invited many of the leading African designers and architectural educators working across the continent. 今年五月, 我們在基加利召開了 一場非洲建築的座談會, 我們邀請了許多在非洲各地工作的 重要非洲設計師與建築教育家。
convened:v.召集;集合;召唤;(convene的过去式和过去分词) symposium:n.讨论会,座谈会;专题论文集;酒宴,宴会;
We all had one thing in common. 我們所有人有一項共同點。
Every single one of us went to school abroad and outside of Africa. 我們每個人都在國外讀書, 且是到非洲之外的國家。
abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国;
This has to change. 這點必須要改變。
If we are to develop solutions unique to us, rather than attempting to turn Kigali into Beijing, or Lagos into Shenzhen, we need a community that will build the design confidence of the next generation of African architects and designers. 如果我們要發展出 我們專屬的解決方案, 而不是試圖把基加利變成北京, 或把拉哥斯變成深圳, 我們就需要一個社群, 這個社群要能建立下一代非洲建築師 與設計師的設計信心。
attempting:v.努力;尝试;试图;(attempt的现在分词) confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的;
(Applause) （掌聲）
In September last year, we launched the African Design Centre to start building this community. 去年九月, 非洲設計中心落成, 其目的就是要建立這個社群。
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) Centre:中心
We admitted 11 fellows from across the continent. 我們批准了來自非洲 各地的十一位會員。
It's a 20-month-long, design-build fellowship program. 這是個為期二十個月的 設計建造人才培訓計畫。
fellowship:n.友谊;奖学金;研究员职位;
Here, they are learning to tackle big challenges such as urbanism and climate change, as Kunlé and his team have. 在這裡,他們要學習處理大挑戰, 比如都市主義和氣候變遷, 就像昆萊和他的團隊所做的。
tackle:v.处理; n.用具; urbanism:n.都市生活;都市集中;
They're working with communities to develop innovative building solutions and processes , 他們和社區合作, 開發展創新的建築解決方案和流程,
innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
They're learning to understand the health impact of better buildings as we at MASS Design Group have been researching for the past several years. 他們要學著了解 更好的建築物對健康的影響, 這也正是我們 MASS Design Group 在過去數年來 一直在研究的。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
The crowning moment of the fellowship is a real project that they designed and built. 培訓計畫的加冕時刻, 是他們設計和建造了 一個真實的專案計畫時。
crowning:adj.使完美的;使圆满的;v.加冕;形成…顶部;使完美;(crown的现在分词)
This is Ruhehe Primary School , the project they designed. 這是路黑黑小學, 他們設計的專案計畫。
Primary School:小学;
They immersed themselves in the community to understand the challenges but also uncover opportunities, like using a wall made of local volcanic stone to turn the entire campus into a space of play and active learning. 他們讓自己進入社區,了解挑戰, 同時也去發現機會, 比如使用當地火山石頭打造的牆壁, 把整個校園轉變成一個 可以玩樂和主動學習的空間。
immersed:adj.沉入的; v.浸没; (immerse的过去分词和过去式) uncover:v.揭开盖子;发现;揭露;揭发; volcanic:adj.火山的;猛烈的;易突然发作的;n.火山岩; campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地;
They evaluated the environmental conditions and developed a roof system that maximizes daylight and improves acoustic performance . 他們評估了環境條件, 開發了一個屋頂系統, 能取得最多日光, 並改善了聲音傳遞的表現。
evaluated:v.估计;评价;评估;(evaluate的过去分词和过去式) maximizes:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值; daylight:n.日光; improves:v.改进;改善;(improve的第三人称单数) acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的;n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
The construction at Ruhehe Primary School will begin this year. 路黑黑小學的建設今年就會開始。
(Applause) （掌聲）
And over the coming months, the African Design Centre fellows are going to work hand-in-hand with the Ruhehe community to build it. 在接下來的幾個月, 非洲設計中心會員將會攜手合作, 和路黑黑社區一起建造它。
hand-in-hand:adj.并进的;手拉手的;亲密的;
When we asked the fellows what they want to do after their African Design Centre fellowship, 當我們問這些會員, 在非洲設計中心的培訓計畫 結束後,他們要做什麼,
Tshepo from South Africa said he wants to introduce this new way of building into his country, so he plans to open a private practice in Johannesburg. 來自南非的奇波說 他想要把這種新的 建造方式帶到他的國家, 他打算在約翰尼斯堡開業。
private practice:n.私人开业;私人医生开业;
Zani wants to expand opportunities for women to become engineers. 贊妮想要拓展女性 成為工程師的機會。
expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开;
Before joining the African Design Centre, she helped start, in Nairobi, an organization to bridge the gender gaps for women in engineering fields, and she hopes to take this movement across Africa, eventually the whole world. 在加入非洲設計中心前, 她在奈洛比協助成立一個組織, 目的是為女性在工程領域中 消除性別落差, 她希望能將這個運動帶到全非洲, 最終帶到全世界。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; gender:n.性别; gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式); eventually:adv.最后,终于;
Moses , from South Sudan, the world's newest country, wants to open the first polytechnic school that will teach people how to build using local materials from his country. 摩西,來自南蘇丹共和國, 世界上最新的國家, 他想要成立第一間理工學校, 教導人們如何該國的 當地材料來做建設。
Moses:n.摩西(《圣经》故事中犹太人古代领袖);立法者;领导者; polytechnic:adj.各种工艺的;综合技术的;n.工艺学校;理工专科学校;
Moses had to be determined to become an architect. 摩西很有決心要成為建築師。
determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式)
The civil war in his country frequently interrupted his architectural education. 他國家中的內戰, 經常打斷他的建築教育。
civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; frequently:adv.频繁地,经常地;时常,屡次; interrupted:v.插嘴; adj.被阻止的,中断的; (interrupt的过去分词和过去式)
At the time he was applying to join the African Design Centre, we could hear gunshots going off in the background of his interview call. 當他申請加入非洲設計中心時, 我們在面試電話訪問中, 還能聽到背景有槍聲。
applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词) gunshots:n.射击;射程;炮击;adj.射击的;枪炮射击所致的; interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈;
But even in the middle of this civil war, 但即使在內戰當中,
Moses hangs on to this idea that architecture can be a way to bridge communities back together. 摩西堅持著這個想法, 認為建築是能讓社區重新 連結在一起的一種方式。
You have to be inspired by this fellow's belief that great architecture can make a difference on how the future of Africa is built. 你們一定也有受到 這個會員的信念所鼓舞, 在未來非洲要如何建造方面, 他堅信偉大的建築能夠造成不同。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) make a difference:有影响,有关系;
The unprecedented growth of Africa cannot be ignored . 非洲史無前例的成長不能被忽視。
ignored:v.忽视;对…不予理会;佯装未见;不予理睬;(ignore的过去分词和过去式)
Imagine Africa's future cities, but not as vast slums, but the most resilient and the most socially inclusive places on earth. 想像非洲的未來城市, 但不是大型貧民窟的樣子, 而是地球上最有適應力、 最有社會包容力的地方。
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的;
This is achievable . 這是可以達成的。
achievable:adj.可完成的;可有成就的;做得成的;
And we have the talent to make it a reality. 我們有將它實現的才能。
But the journey to ready that talent for the task ahead, like my own journey, is far too long. 但要為了今後任務 準備好那才能的旅程, 就像我自己的旅程, 實在太遙遠了。
For the next generation of African creative leaders, we have to shorten and streamline that journey. 為了下一代非洲創意領袖, 我們得把那旅程給縮短和簡化。
creative:adj.创造性的; shorten:vt.缩短;减少;变短;vi.缩短;变短; streamline:vt.把…做成流线型; n.流线; adj.流线型的;
But most importantly -- and I cannot stress this enough -- we have to build their design confidence and empower them to develop solutions that are truly African but globally inspiring . 最重要的－ 我再怎麼強調都不夠－ 我們得要建立他們的設計信心, 讓他們有能力可以開發 真正屬於非洲的解決方案, 同時又能鼓舞全球。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词)
Thank you very much. 非常謝謝。
(Applause) （掌聲）